CN103604752A - Photoacoustic spectrometry based detection device for optical absorption coefficient of aerosol - Google Patents
Photoacoustic spectrometry based detection device for optical absorption coefficient of aerosol Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a photoacoustic spectrometry based detection device for optical absorption coefficient of aerosol. The light emitted from a laser passes through an electro-optic intensity modulator and a photoacoustic cell, and vertically enters into a photoelectric detector; a signal line of photoelectric detector is connected to a computer with a data acquisition card; signal lines of a signal generator is respectively connected with reference signal terminals of the electro-optic intensity modulator and a lock-in amplifier; a microphone is connected to an input terminal of a preamplifier; and the output terminal of the preamplifier is connected with the lock-in amplifier through the computer. Gas buffering chambers at two ends of a photoacoustic cell can effectively buffer noise brought by airflow. The electro-optic modulator modulates the laser intensity and improves the signal to noise ratio of the system. By detecting the amplitude of the photoacoustic signal, the light absorption coefficient of the aerosol particles at certain wavelength can be calculated. The invention overcomes the influence of diffusion light of a direct absorption process, has more accurate detection results and provides an effective technical means for the influences of aerosol on atmospheric radiation and environmental climate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to gasoloid absorption coefficient of light pick-up unit, be specifically related to a kind of gasoloid optical absorption coefficient pick-up unit based on optoacoustic spectroscopy.
Background technology
The haze weather of China produced in recent years scope and frequency increase day by day, have had a strong impact on the mankind's health with movable, and atmospheric aerosol is the principal element that gray haze sky produces, and is the important component part in environmental monitoring.Aerosol ion is the propagation in atmosphere to the inhalation effects radiation of light, causes visibility to reduce, and causes greenhouse effect, and the expection of Global climate change is had to vital effect.Particulate also causes the photochemical reaction between some particulates and between particulate and gas in atmosphere to the absorption of light, has produced much still immesurable impact.Therefore the device of studying gasoloid optical absorption coefficient has Great significance.
Photocaustic spectroscopy is based on optoacoustic effect, after gas absorption luminous energy, there is radiationless transition, produce heat energy and cause absorbing medium temperature to raise, if incident light is carried out in audio range to light intensity or wavelength-modulated, make the cyclical variation of medium temperature generation same frequency, thereby generation sound wave, can obtain gas concentration by surveying intensity of acoustic wave.With respect to conventional direct absorption spectrum, measure, the luminous energy of photocaustic spectroscopy direct-detection gas absorption, without background absorption, is a kind of method of absolute sense, and detection sensitivity is high.The application that photocaustic spectroscopy detects for gas is existing a lot, in recent years, this method is applied to the research to aerosol optical characteristics both at home and abroad.The NIST of the U.S. and domestic China Science & Technology University have carried out relevant research and application.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of gasoloid optical absorption coefficient pick-up unit based on optoacoustic spectroscopy, is on the optoacoustic architecture basics of typical cylindrical longitudinal resonance pattern, builds the pick-up unit of the gasoloid absorption coefficient of light.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
The present invention includes laser instrument, electric light intensity modulator, photoacoustic cell, photodetector, microphone, prime amplifier, lock-in amplifier, computer and signal generator; The light that laser instrument sends passes through, after electric light intensity modulator, photoacoustic cell, to impinge perpendicularly on photodetector, and the signal wire of photodetector is connected with the computer that data collecting card is housed; The signal wire of signal generator is connected with the reference signal end of electric light intensity modulator and lock-in amplifier respectively; The microphone signal line being contained in photoacoustic cell is connected with the input end of prime amplifier, and the output terminal of prime amplifier is connected with the detection signal end of lock-in amplifier, and the signal output part of lock-in amplifier is connected with computer.
Described photoacoustic cell is cylindrical cavity, the two ends of photoacoustic cell are the symmetrical surge chamber that has same size respectively, on the cylindrical cavity of a surge chamber, have air intake opening, on the cylindrical cavity of another surge chamber, have gas outlet, two surge chambers are communicated with resonant cavity, the cylindrical cavity side at resonant cavity middle part has microphone mount pad, microphone is arranged in microphone mount pad, microphone sensitive face stretches in resonant cavity, the openend of two surge chambers is equipped with respectively cover plate, two cover plates is windowing respectively, two windows that are positioned at surge chamber one side post respectively piezoid, two windows, the center line of two surge chambers and resonant cavity is positioned on same axis.
The length L of described resonant cavity
clength L with surge chamber
dpass be L
c=2L
d; The pass of the diameter R of surge chamber and the diameter r of resonant cavity is R>4r.
The beneficial effect that the present invention has is:
The present invention is on the optoacoustic architecture basics of typical cylindrical longitudinal resonance pattern, builds the pick-up unit of the gasoloid absorption coefficient of light.The gas buffer chamber noise that effectively buffer gas flow brings at photoacoustic cell two ends.Adopt electrooptical modulation to modulate laser intensity, the noise of having avoided traditional mechanical chopper to bring, has improved the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of system.By detecting the amplitude of photoacoustic signal, can calculate the absorption coefficient of light of aerosol particle under certain wavelength.The present invention is the detection for the gasoloid absorption coefficient of light by photocaustic spectroscopy, has overcome the impact of direct absorption process scattered light, and testing result is more accurate, for research gasoloid provides effective technological means to the impact of atmosphere radiation and amblent air temperature.The present invention has advantages of that high, the detectable limit of measuring accuracy is little, light belt is wide, real-time online measuring.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is structured flowchart of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of photoacoustic cell.
Fig. 3 is that electric light intensity modulator forms schematic diagram.
In figure: 1, laser instrument, 2, electric light intensity modulator, 3, photoacoustic cell, 4, photodetector, 5, microphone, 6, prime amplifier, 7, lock-in amplifier, 8, computer, 9, signal generator, 10, piezoid, 11, surge chamber, 12, resonant cavity, 13, microphone mount pad, 14, air intake opening, 15, gas outlet, 16, electro-optic crystal, 17, polarizer, 18, high-voltage amplifier.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention will be further described.
Optoacoustic spectroscopy is based on optoacoustic effect, after gas absorption luminous energy, there is radiationless transition, produce heat energy and cause absorbing medium temperature to raise, if incident light is carried out in audio range to light intensity or wavelength-modulated, make the cyclical variation of medium temperature generation same frequency, thereby produce sound wave.By surveying intensity of acoustic wave, can obtain concentration or the absorption coefficient of gas (or gasoloid).
By photoacoustic signal mechanism of production and sound field distribution theory, the expression formula that can obtain photoacoustic signal is
S
PA＝S
mC
cellαPc （1）
S
pA---photoacoustic spectrum (V);
S
m---sensitivity of microphone (V/Pa);
C
cell---pond constant (PacmW
-1);
α---gasoloid absorption coefficient (cm
-1);
The peak-to-peak value of P---luminous power (W);
C---tested aerocolloidal concentration.
By formula (1), can derive aerocolloidal absorption coefficient:
Aerocolloidal concentration c is known, the sensitivity S of microphone 5
mutilize B & K acoustic calibration platform to demarcate.The peak-to-peak value P of luminous power calculates by gathering the voltage magnitude of photodetector 4.Pond constant C
cellthe ability that to have weighed optoacoustic system be acoustic energy by the light energy conversion of gas absorption, can demarcate the detection of the calibrating gas of concentration known by this device.Photoacoustic signal S
pAneed this measurement device to obtain.
Due to photoacoustic signal S
pAvery faint with respect to noise, be difficult to direct detection and arrive, therefore need lock-in amplifier that photoacoustic signal is restored.The principle of lock-in amplifier based on cross-correlation detection, utilize noise signal and periodic signal not to have the feature of correlativity, by calculating signal to be checked and reference signal, in the method for the related operation at zero point, suppress noise and extract the periodic signal of characteristic frequency (being the frequency of reference signal), and the signal of other frequencies is suppressed, get off.
Being designed and sized to of photoacoustic cell: L
c=100mm, L
d=50mm, r=6mm, R=30mm.In theory, single order longitudinal resonance frequency
for the velocity of sound (340m/s).For the photoacoustic cell example providing above, theoretical resonant frequency f=1700Hz, owing to being subject to the impact of processing conditions and microphone mount pad 13 and surge chamber 11, the actual value of experiment measuring is 1650Hz.The set of frequency of the modulation signal of signal generator and reference signal fr is 1650Hz.
As shown in Figure 1, the present invention includes laser instrument 1, electric light intensity modulator 2, photoacoustic cell 3, photodetector 4, microphone 5, prime amplifier 6, lock-in amplifier 7, computer 8 and signal generator 9.The light that laser instrument 1 sends passes through, after electric light intensity modulator 2, photoacoustic cell 3, to impinge perpendicularly on photodetector 4, and the signal wire of photodetector 4 is connected with the computer 8 that data collecting card is housed; The signal wire of signal generator 9 is connected with the reference signal end of electric light intensity modulator 2 and lock-in amplifier 7 respectively; Microphone 5 signal wires that are contained in photoacoustic cell 3 are connected with the input end of prime amplifier 6, and the output terminal of prime amplifier 6 is connected with the detection signal end of lock-in amplifier 7, and the signal output part of lock-in amplifier 7 is connected with computer 8.
This device laser instrument is the solid state laser of 532nm, and model is MLL-FN-532, and power is 200mW.Photodetector model is PDA100A, and microphone is selected EK-23111 silicon micro-microphone, and prime amplifier model is SR550, and lock-in amplifier is SR830, and signal generator is DS360, and data collecting card adopts 4472 of NI.Electric light intensity modulator is to build on the basis of electro-optic crystal 16, and specific implementation as shown in Figure 3.In figure, electro-optic crystal 16 models are EO-AM-NR-C4, and polarizer 17 adopts glan-thompson polarizers, and high-voltage amplifier 18 models are HVA200.
As shown in Figure 3, electro-optic crystal is under the effect of extra electric field, and phase delay becomes with the size of extra electric field, causes the variation of polarization state thereupon, thereby the amplitude of the emergent light of polarizer is modulated.Because the light of laser instrument used approaches linearly polarized light, be directly incident on electro-optic crystal 16 and modulate, if natural light needs first to rise partially by polarizer, reenter and be mapped to electro-optic crystal and modulate.Signal generator 9 produces modulation signal, after high-voltage amplifier 18 amplifies, to electro-optic crystal 16 input modulation voltages, incident light is through the modulation of electro-optic crystal 16, after polarizer 17, emergent light intensity is cycle variation, and the change frequency of light intensity is consistent with the frequency of modulation signal, thereby realizes the intensity modulated to laser.
As shown in Figure 2, described photoacoustic cell 3 is cylindrical cavity, the two ends of photoacoustic cell 3 are the symmetrical surge chamber that has same size respectively, on the cylindrical cavity of a surge chamber, have air intake opening 14, on the cylindrical cavity of another surge chamber, have gas outlet 15, two surge chambers are communicated with resonant cavity 12, the cylindrical cavity side at resonant cavity 12 middle parts has microphone mount pad 13, microphone 5 is arranged in microphone mount pad 13, microphone 5 sensitive faces stretch in resonant cavity 12, the sensitive face of microphone flushes with resonant cavity sidewall as far as possible, the openend of two surge chambers is equipped with respectively cover plate, cover plate with the openend of two surge chambers for being threaded, or connect with screw, two cover plates is windowing respectively, two windows that are positioned at surge chamber one side post respectively piezoid 10, two windows, the center line of two surge chambers and resonant cavity 12 is positioned on same axis.
The length L of described resonant cavity 12
clength L with surge chamber 11
dpass be L
c=2L
d; The pass of the diameter R of surge chamber and the diameter r of resonant cavity is R>4r.
Detecting step of the present invention is:
Step 1), according to Fig. 1, is adjusted light path: the light that laser instrument 1 sends, after electro-optic crystal 16, polarizer 17, shines photoacoustic cell 3.Light path, by the piezoid 10 of photoacoustic cell 3, shines photodetector 4.The signal wire of luminous power is connected with the computer 8 that data collecting card is housed.
Step 2) according to Fig. 1, carry out electrical signal connection: the signal wire of signal generator 9 is connected with the input end of high-voltage amplifier 18 and the reference signal end of lock-in amplifier 7 respectively, the output terminal of high-voltage amplifier 18 is connected with the signal wire of electro-optic crystal 16.Modulation signal fr(square wave or sine wave that signal generator produces) on the one hand to electric light intensity modulator output modulation signal, on the other hand as be input to lock-in amplifier 7 with reference to signal.The signal wire of microphone 5 is connected with prime amplifier 6 signal input parts, and the signal output part of prime amplifier 6 is connected with the signal input part of lock-in amplifier 7.Lock-in amplifier 7 output lines are connected with the data collecting card of computer 8.The frequency of the modulation signal of signal generator 9 (reference signal) fr is identical with the first order resonance frequency of resonant cavity, be set to 1650Hz.
The gasoloid of step 3) concentration known c is passed through by air intake opening 14, by gas outlet 15, is extracted out.Open the software of the exploitation of labview on computer 8, the data that reading out data capture card collects, extract the amplitude S of photoacoustic signal
pA, the peak-to-peak value P of luminous power, in conjunction with known pond constant C
cellwith sensitivity of microphone S
m, according to formula (2), calculate aerocolloidal absorption coefficient.After pending data is stable, record the now value of α, being concentration is the aerocolloidal absorption coefficient to the light of 532nm of c.
The present invention is on the optoacoustic architecture basics of typical cylindrical longitudinal resonance pattern, builds the pick-up unit of the gasoloid absorption coefficient of light.By detecting the amplitude of photoacoustic signal, can calculate the absorption coefficient of light of aerosol particle under certain wavelength.The present invention is the detection for the gasoloid absorption coefficient of light by photocaustic spectroscopy, has overcome the impact of direct absorption process scattered light, and testing result is more accurate, for research gasoloid provides effective technological means to the impact of atmosphere radiation and amblent air temperature.
Claims (3)
1. the gasoloid optical absorption coefficient pick-up unit based on optoacoustic spectroscopy, is characterized in that: comprise laser instrument (1), electric light intensity modulator (2), photoacoustic cell (3), photodetector (4), microphone (5), prime amplifier (6), lock-in amplifier (7), computer (8) and signal generator (9); The light that laser instrument (1) sends passes through, after electric light intensity modulator (2), photoacoustic cell (3), to impinge perpendicularly on photodetector (4), and the signal wire of photodetector (4) is connected with the computer (8) that data collecting card is housed; The signal wire of signal generator (9) is connected with the reference signal end of lock-in amplifier (7) with electric light intensity modulator (2) respectively; Microphone (5) signal wire being contained in photoacoustic cell (3) is connected with the input end of prime amplifier (6), the output terminal of prime amplifier (6) is connected with the detection signal end of lock-in amplifier (7), and the signal output part of lock-in amplifier (7) is connected with computer (8).
2. a kind of gasoloid optical absorption coefficient pick-up unit based on optoacoustic spectroscopy according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described photoacoustic cell (3) is cylindrical cavity, the two ends of photoacoustic cell (3) are the symmetrical surge chamber that has same size respectively, on the cylindrical cavity of a surge chamber, have air intake opening (14), on the cylindrical cavity of another surge chamber, have gas outlet (15), two resonant cavities for surge chamber (12) are communicated with, the cylindrical cavity side at resonant cavity (12) middle part has microphone mount pad (13), microphone (5) is arranged in microphone mount pad (13), microphone (5) sensitive face stretches in resonant cavity (12), the openend of two surge chambers is equipped with respectively cover plate, two cover plates is windowing respectively, two windows that are positioned at surge chamber one side post respectively piezoid (10), two windows, the center line of two surge chambers and resonant cavity (12) is positioned on same axis.
3. a kind of gasoloid optical absorption coefficient pick-up unit based on optoacoustic spectroscopy according to claim 2, is characterized in that: the length of described resonant cavity (12)
length with surge chamber
pass be
; The pass of the diameter R of surge chamber and the diameter r of resonant cavity is R>4r.
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| CN103983578A (en) * | 2014-05-23 | 2014-08-13 | 华南师范大学 | Method and device for simultaneously microimaging scattered opto-acoustic-confocal fluorescence bimodule |
| CN104034408A (en) * | 2014-06-13 | 2014-09-10 | 南京理工大学 | Laser interception device based on correlation detection technology |
| CN104251842A (en) * | 2014-08-29 | 2014-12-31 | 浙江省计量科学研究院 | Method for realization of online calibration of photoacoustic spectroscopy system pool constants by use of oxygen in atmosphere |
| CN106124410A (en) * | 2016-06-08 | 2016-11-16 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Single photoacoustic cell measures the new method of aerosol multi-wavelength absorptance simultaneously |
| CN106644942A (en) * | 2017-02-22 | 2017-05-10 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Photoacoustic absorption cell and online measuring device for multiple optical parameters of atmospheric particulate matters |
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Application publication date: 20140226 |