CN103604360A - Cantilever differential type ground crack displacement testing instrument - Google Patents
Cantilever differential type ground crack displacement testing instrument Download PDFInfo
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- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
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Abstract
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明属于地质灾害与防治领域，具体应用于地裂缝、地面沉降等灾害的微变量位移的测试工作。 The invention belongs to the field of geological disasters and prevention, and is specifically applied to the testing work of microvariable displacements of disasters such as ground fissures and ground subsidence.
背景技术 Background technique
现有的地裂缝监测装置大致有以下几种：①横梁式（KHALID等，1999），将横梁架于裂缝两侧，通过观测横梁变形推算裂缝垂向活动情况；②立柱式（翟越等，2009），将两根立柱、一根横梁安装于裂缝两侧，通过滑轮连接传感部件以观测垂向、横向活动情况；③悬锤式（王建秀等，2010），由支架、滑轮、测绳、自进土锚等部件组成，通过角度盘读数以推算地裂缝水平和垂向位移情况。这些监测装置能在一定程度或精度上（0.1mm左右）反映地裂缝的活动情况，其缺点在于周期长、结构繁、精度低、不可存储等方面；而地裂缝活动是长期、缓慢的地质过程（多年活动量为数厘米，每小时活动量为±0.001mm），不利于实际测试工作进行，因此亟需一种周期更短、精度更高、分析更可靠的位移测试仪器。 The existing monitoring devices for ground fissures generally fall into the following categories: ① beam type (KHALID et al., 1999), the beam is placed on both sides of the crack, and the vertical movement of the crack is calculated by observing the deformation of the beam; ② column type (Zhai Yue et al., 2009), two columns and a beam are installed on both sides of the crack, and the sensing parts are connected by pulleys to observe the vertical and lateral activities; It is composed of ropes, self-advancing soil anchors and other components, and the horizontal and vertical displacements of ground fissures can be calculated by reading the angle disc. These monitoring devices can reflect the activity of ground fissures to a certain extent or accuracy (about 0.1mm), but their disadvantages lie in long period, complex structure, low precision, and non-storage; and ground fissure activity is a long-term and slow geological process (The annual activity is several centimeters, and the hourly activity is ±0.001mm), which is not conducive to the actual testing work. Therefore, a displacement testing instrument with shorter cycle, higher precision and more reliable analysis is urgently needed.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
为解决同类仪器的诸多不足，本发明的目的在于以下几点：一是精确、可度量，其关键问题在于如何将微变量的位移值精确、稳定地放大到有效感知量程；二是简单、稳定性好，通过设计使结构尽可能简单、合理，减少相互联接以促进测量数值的稳定；三是动态、可分析，所要考虑该设计与其他相关产品（如传感器）的兼容性，兼用其长、以化其难；四是轻便、适用广，该设计规格要小、方便携带，以满足地裂缝的多点、多区、不定期地测量工作。 In order to solve the many deficiencies of similar instruments, the purpose of the present invention is the following points: the one is accurate and measurable, and its key problem is how to accurately and stably amplify the displacement value of the microvariable to the effective sensing range; the other is simple and stable Good performance, make the structure as simple and reasonable as possible through the design, reduce the interconnection to promote the stability of the measured value; the third is dynamic and analyzable, the compatibility of the design with other related products (such as sensors) should be considered, and its length, Four, it is portable and widely applicable. The design specifications should be small and easy to carry, so as to meet the multi-point, multi-region and irregular measurement work of ground fissures.
针对以上问题，本发明的设计方案是：一是基座支撑，该基座由矩形面状钢板制成，以4根钢钎穿过四角，并深入地下，以确保整体的水平和固定；二是悬臂挑梁，悬臂由整根工字型碳钢制成，并在其前端以斜拉钢丝勒于后端支柱上，以确保悬臂的能负重、不变形；三是齿轮传动，位移传动装置由多组（4组）双联齿轮啮合而成，将位移的微变量值放大到百倍、千倍甚至更高倍数；四是电阻感应，位移放大装置采用差动电阻感应器，并与电脑连接，以动态监测电阻（位移）随时间的变化特征曲线；五是三向使用，安装方向决定了测量方向，通过调整位移放大装置的方向，以获得地裂缝在垂向、横向、走向三向活动情况。 In view of the above problems, the design of the present invention is as follows: one is the base support, the base is made of rectangular planar steel plate, with 4 steel rods passing through the four corners, and going deep into the ground to ensure the overall level and fixation; It is a cantilever cantilever beam. The cantilever is made of a whole I-shaped carbon steel, and the front end is strung on the rear end pillar with a cable-stayed steel wire to ensure that the cantilever can bear the load and not deform; the third is the gear transmission and displacement transmission device. It is formed by meshing multiple sets (4 sets) of double gears, which can amplify the micro variable value of the displacement to a hundred times, a thousand times or even higher multiples; the fourth is resistance sensing, and the displacement amplification device adopts a differential resistance sensor and is connected to a computer , to dynamically monitor the characteristic curve of the resistance (displacement) change with time; the fifth is the use of three directions, the installation direction determines the measurement direction, and by adjusting the direction of the displacement amplification device, the ground fissures can be obtained in the vertical, horizontal and three-way activities Condition.
与同类仪器相比，本发明更加贴近地裂缝的监测与测试任务，其优点可概括为结构简单、测试精准、成本低廉、适用广泛等主要特点。 Compared with similar instruments, the present invention is closer to the monitoring and testing tasks of ground fissures, and its advantages can be summarized as simple structure, accurate testing, low cost, and wide application.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1为安装部分，各数字表示组成测试仪的部分，具体是：Ⅰ-基座，Ⅱ-悬臂，Ⅲ-位移传动放大器，Ⅳ-位移传感器，Ⅴ-接触杆，Ⅵ-电源，Ⅶ-电脑。 Figure 1 is the installation part, and each number indicates the parts that make up the tester, specifically: Ⅰ-base, Ⅱ-cantilever, Ⅲ-displacement transmission amplifier, Ⅳ-displacement sensor, Ⅴ-contact rod, Ⅵ-power supply, Ⅶ-computer .
图2为基座部分，各数字表示为：①-基座钢板（矩形），②-悬臂梁（条状工型钢），③-立柱，④-钢钎，⑤-斜拉钢丝。 Figure 2 is the base part, and the numbers are expressed as: ①-base steel plate (rectangular), ②-cantilever beam (strip I-shaped steel), ③-column, ④-steel brazing, ⑤-cable-stayed steel wire.
图3为传动（感）部分，各数字表示为：①-双联齿轮，②-传动直条齿轮，③-联系齿轮，④-传感直条齿轮，⑤-电阻感应器，⑥-触探基准，⑦-保护套，⑧-观测孔，⑨-外壳。 Figure 3 is the transmission (sensing) part, and the numbers are expressed as: ①-Double gear, ②-Transmission straight gear, ③-Contact gear, ④-Sensing straight gear, ⑤-Resistance sensor, ⑥-Contact probe Datum, ⑦-protective sleeve, ⑧-observation hole, ⑨-housing.
图4为探测部分，各数字表示为：①-传动直条齿轮，②-钢钎。各构件尺寸如图标示为准。 Fig. 4 is the detection part, and each number is expressed as: ①-transmission straight bar gear, ②-steel drill. The dimensions of each component are as shown in the figure.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
以地裂缝活动测试为例，其实施方式具体如下：首先，选择裂缝两侧较为平整、稳固的区块（面积至少为10m2）。其次，将4根钢钎按照基座钢板预留孔相对位置分布而锤击、深入地下，以确保仪器整体的稳定；通过上、下螺母将基座钢板固定于钢钎上，调节螺母位置以确保基座板水平。再次，在悬臂梁一端安装传动部分，另一端固定于基座钢板上，并将立柱旋紧、固定在基座板上，通过斜拉钢丝将立柱与悬臂梁（远端）连接，利用螺母旋紧，使钢丝紧拉悬臂梁。又次，将触探钢钎插入地下一定深度，并与传动直条齿轮收尾相连、扣在一起，以保证两者联为整体而不松动。最后，将传动部分伸出的两条线路，分别连接电源和电脑。测试时，应避免人车运动造成地面振动情况的发生，以减小人为干扰因素。 Taking the ground fissure activity test as an example, the specific implementation method is as follows: First, select relatively flat and stable blocks (with an area of at least 10m2) on both sides of the crack. Secondly, hammer the 4 steel drills according to the relative position distribution of the reserved holes of the base steel plate, and go deep into the ground to ensure the overall stability of the instrument; fix the base steel plate on the steel drill with the upper and lower nuts, and adjust the position of the nuts to Make sure the base plate is level. Thirdly, install the transmission part at one end of the cantilever beam, fix the other end on the base steel plate, tighten the column and fix it on the base plate, connect the column with the cantilever beam (far end) through the cable-stayed steel wire, and use the nut to screw Tight, so that the steel wire pulls the cantilever beam tightly. Again, the penetration steel drill is inserted into the ground to a certain depth, and connected to the end of the transmission straight bar gear, and buckled together to ensure that the two are connected as a whole without loosening. Finally, connect the two lines extending from the transmission part to the power supply and the computer respectively. During the test, the occurrence of ground vibration caused by the movement of people and vehicles should be avoided to reduce human interference factors.
其相关计算如下：设双联齿轮直径比为i（大齿直径比小齿直径），地裂缝位移为l0，电阻传感器感应位移为ls，传感器电阻为R，电阻率为ρ，截面面积为S。这样，就可以得到如下公式： The relevant calculations are as follows: Let the diameter ratio of the double gear be i (the ratio of the diameter of the large tooth to the diameter of the small tooth), the displacement of the ground fissure is l 0 , the induced displacement of the resistance sensor is l s , the resistance of the sensor is R, the resistivity is ρ, and the cross-sectional area for S. In this way, the following formula can be obtained:
传动放大器的放大倍数为i4； The amplification factor of the transmission amplifier is i 4 ;
ls=i4l0， l s =i 4 l 0 ,
R=ρls/S=ρi4l0/S， R=ρl s /S=ρi 4 l 0 /S,
因此，地裂缝的实际位移为：l0=RS/(ρi4)。 Therefore, the actual displacement of the ground fissure is: l 0 =RS/(ρi 4 ).
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| CN201310565427.1A CN103604360A (en) | 2013-11-14 | 2013-11-14 | Cantilever differential type ground crack displacement testing instrument |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104048639A (en) * | 2014-06-20 | 2014-09-17 | 陕西省地质环境监测总站 | Geological disaster body ground surface building crack on-line monitoring and early-warning instrument |
| CN109059827A (en) * | 2018-05-07 | 2018-12-21 | 北京建筑大学 | A kind of method and system of SAA monitoring ground fissure |
| CN109579756A (en) * | 2018-11-21 | 2019-04-05 | 国电南瑞科技股份有限公司 | A kind of crack three direction displacement monitoring measuring device |
| CN110514093A (en) * | 2019-09-23 | 2019-11-29 | 山东科技大学 | A large-range top-bottom plate moving distance tester and its application method |
| CN114279402A (en) * | 2021-12-27 | 2022-04-05 | 山东省地质矿产勘查开发局第五地质大队（山东省第五地质矿产勘查院） | Regional ground settlement real-time supervision early warning device |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104048639A (en) * | 2014-06-20 | 2014-09-17 | 陕西省地质环境监测总站 | Geological disaster body ground surface building crack on-line monitoring and early-warning instrument |
| CN104048639B (en) * | 2014-06-20 | 2016-08-17 | 陕西省地质环境监测总站 | Geological hazard body surface buildings crack on-line monitoring early-warning apparatus |
| CN109059827A (en) * | 2018-05-07 | 2018-12-21 | 北京建筑大学 | A kind of method and system of SAA monitoring ground fissure |
| CN109579756A (en) * | 2018-11-21 | 2019-04-05 | 国电南瑞科技股份有限公司 | A kind of crack three direction displacement monitoring measuring device |
| CN110514093A (en) * | 2019-09-23 | 2019-11-29 | 山东科技大学 | A large-range top-bottom plate moving distance tester and its application method |
| CN110514093B (en) * | 2019-09-23 | 2024-05-24 | 山东科技大学 | Wide-range top-bottom plate approaching amount tester and use method thereof |
| CN114279402A (en) * | 2021-12-27 | 2022-04-05 | 山东省地质矿产勘查开发局第五地质大队（山东省第五地质矿产勘查院） | Regional ground settlement real-time supervision early warning device |
| CN114279402B (en) * | 2021-12-27 | 2022-11-08 | 山东省地质矿产勘查开发局第五地质大队（山东省第五地质矿产勘查院） | Regional ground settlement real-time supervision early warning device |
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