CN103603670B - Ultra-deep earthing shield crossing bad ground construction method - Google Patents
Ultra-deep earthing shield crossing bad ground construction method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of ultra-deep earthing shield crossing bad ground construction methods, comprise the concrete steps that: the 6. layer soil body ameliorative measure of 1. shield crossings；2. shield crossing 7. 1,7. 2 layers of TBM's position control；3. shield crossing 7. 1,7. 2 layers of gross thrusts control；4. tail sealing measure in sandy soil artesian aquifer；5. ultra-deep earthing shield minor-circle turn working measure.The present invention can solve carried out under ultra-deep earthing operating condition shield construction pass through 6. layer hard stratum, 7. 1,7. 2 layers of sandy soil artesian aquifer when a series of construction problems such as encountered cutter head torque control, gross thrust control, TBM's position control, tail sealing and axial line control when minor-circle turn.Form ultra-deep shield tunnel tunneling construction process, construction technology in mature bad ground, it lays the foundation for underground space development from now on to Deep Development, shield engineering is solved in limitation of the underground installation compared with multizone, ensures the sustainable development of Tunnel Boring Tunnel Engineering exploitation and the popularity of application.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of ultra-deep earthing shield crossing bad ground methods.
Background technique
Important construction method of the shield tunnel as Construction of Urban Rail Traffic, in domestic cities such as Shanghai, Beijing
The application of urban rail transit construction has the history in more than 20 years, and the development in more than 20 years of process, construction technology reaches its maturity, but before this by
Not high in the utilization rate of urban underground space, the condition of underground space development is relatively preferable, the construction of shield tunnel before this
The overwhelming majority is located in Subsurface, its buried depth of shield tunnel involved in Construction of Urban Rail Traffic is generally no more than
30m.And for edpth of tunnel it is more than the ultra-deep shield tunnel of 30m, either heading equipment or construction technology, for the country
Shield method tunnel construction enterprise, also in the exploratory stage.
The present invention is tunneled for driving, sharp radius curve section in tunnel super large buried depth, saturated sand and artesian aquifer
Feature, for shield-tunneling construction equipment to the adaptability of super large buried depth, saturated sand and artesian aquifer, saturated sand and pressure-bearing
The construction technology in small curvature tunnel is studied under the construction technology of shield tunnel, disadvantageous geologic condition in water layer, and target is
Form a set of construction technology for conditions of similarity, improve the technological reserve of enterprise, for later similar engineering construction provide through
It tests.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is to provide for a kind of ultra-deep earthing shield crossing bad ground construction method.
To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is that: a kind of ultra-deep earthing shield crossing bad ground is applied
Work method, steps are as follows for Specific construction:
1) shield crossing 6. layer soil working measure
(1) plunger pump is selected to add mud make-up water pump
(2) shield driving mode is selected
Therefore shield machine when propelling construction, using manual earth pressure balance mode, makes fltting speed-cutterhead into soil in 6. layer soil
Unearthed amount-belt feeder the earth loading volume of amount-screw machine revolving speed-cutterhead earth balance pressure-screw machine is in relative constant state；
(3) optimization cutterhead adds water mode of operation
Cutterhead is kept persistently to add water when shield driving, control plus water flow after decline occurs in torque, when the soil body is complete in native storehouse
After total replacement, by adjusting fltting speed and increase and decrease plus water flow, make fltting speed and plus water flow balance；
(4) cutterhead revolving speed is improved
When carrying out shield driving in 6. layer soil, cutterhead revolving speed is promoted to highest gear 1.51rpm；
2) shield crossing 7. 1,7. 2 layers of TBM's position control
(1) setting of earth balance pressure power
Soil pressure setting follows the principle of " computational theory value adjusts actual value " in construction, carries out the control of earth pressure balance；
(2) secondary hoop slip casting
Using hoop slip casting after tunnel duct piece injected hole progress wall, section of jurisdiction is held out by the slurries after solidification, keeps pipe
The piece gradient, secondary grouting damage shield tail brush using single liquid cement grout, to avoid slurries from scurrying into shield tail, deviate from shield tail 10 to section of jurisdiction
Secondary hoop mortar depositing construction is carried out after ring, 10 rings of every propulsion set one of hoop, every ring grouting amount about 1m3；
(3) paster material optimizes
When constructing under ultra-deep earthing, select IR fiber plate as paster material, for meeting the adjustment section of jurisdiction gradient
It is required that；
3, shield crossing 7. 1,7. 2 layers of gross thrusts control
(1) use is backbreak knife
It opens 21 points ~ 9 positions of shield machine upper half to backbreak knife, the amount of backbreaking is set to 80mm, scrapes loose shield shell by knife of backbreaking
The soil body of the upper half reduces the coefficient of friction between steel plate and the soil body, to reduce side friction；
(2) shield machine shell antifriction slip casting
Shield machine supports 1 point of ring position,, 11 outer injection holes of four direction setting shell at 5 points at 8 points, passes through outer injection hole
Outside pressure injection bentonite slurry, makes bentonite slurry form one layer of mud film in shield machine surface of shell；
4) tail sealing measure in sandy soil artesian aquifer
(1) shield tail grease lines are transformed
It transform the form of original left and right half-turn inlet series pipe as left and right half-turn inlet parallel pipeline form；
(2) shield tail grease pressure injection
When pressure injection grease, using the compress control method under automatic mode, it is ensured that the Pressure Casting index of each inlet
Greater than the sum of pipeline pressure drop and external earth pressure at rest；
If, using manual mode, individually carrying out pressure injection to the inlet of electric leakage position when shield tail locally leak source occurs；
(3) synchronous grouting controls
Shield machine slurry bucket specification is calculated, scale is set in slurry bucket, using one of horizontal reinforcement together, makes per pass steel
Spatial volume between muscle is 0.45m3, mud jacking amount, control mud jacking speed are estimated by observation scale；
(4) tail sealing ancillary measure
1. sponge strip is sticked in section of jurisdiction
The section of jurisdiction extrados domain sticks on one of 20cm × 15cm sponge strip；
2. adding temporary leaking water device
The temporary leaking water device being made of together curved plate and rubber strip is set between jack boots plate and section of jurisdiction；
5, the minor-circle turn of ultra-deep earthing shield is constructed
(1) minor-circle turn correction amount calculates
The deviation adjustment angle of each ring of shield machine is the angle theta of azimuth J and azimuth I,
θ=1200÷R×180°÷π
The every ring deviation adjustment angle of shield machine is obtained by calculation, each ring of shield machine is calculated using trigonometric function relationship and pushes away
Progressive error is stretched out into left and right jack；
(2) gross thrust calculates
1. frictional resistance or bonding resistance F between shield outer wall periphery and the soil body1
For sandy soil: F1=μ (π DLpm+ W)
Coefficient of friction between μ --- -- shield shell and the periphery soil body is 0.2
D --- -- shield machine outer diameter (m)
L --- --- shield machine body length (m)
pm--- -- soil pressure (kPa)
W------ shield machine is self-possessed (KN)
2. notch ring penetration resistance F2
F2=LtKPpm
L --- --- excavation face perimeter (m)
T------- notch ring depth of penetration (m)
pm--- -- soil pressure (kPa)
KP--- -- coefficient of passive earth pressure
KP=tan2(45°+θ/2)
3. working face frontal drag F3
F3=(πD2/4 )pm
D --- -- shield machine outer diameter (m)
pm--- -- soil pressure (kPa)
4. the frictional force F between section of jurisdiction and shield tail4
F4=μGn
Coefficient of friction of the μ --- -- between steel and concrete is 0.3
The every endless tube sheet weight (KN) of G --- ---
Number of rings of the section of jurisdiction n------- in shield tail
5. the tractive resistance F of rear trolley5
F5=μG
Coefficient of friction of the μ --- -- between steel wheel and rail is 0.15
The every endless tube sheet weight (KN) of G --- ---
Each section thrust is added to obtain gross thrust F ≈ F1+F2+F3+F4+F5
(3) region oil pressure method for correcting error
1. shield machine should first adjust left and right oil pressure based on the correction of left and right in minor-circle turn construction.According to very heavy
Pressure on top surface Conversion Thrust:
2. after left and right area's jack pressure is provided with, being configured to upper and lower area's jack pressure, in conjunction with left and right
The thrust in area calculates, and after subtracting left and right area's thrust using gross thrust, obtains the theoretical thrust that upper and lower area need to be set, meets and push
The condition of shield machine；
(4) stop jack method for correcting error
After shield machine gross thrust continues increase, if partial-partition pressure is less than 5Mpa when being adjusted by region oil pressure,
It is unable to satisfy the requirement of gross thrust, suspends part jack at this time, the mode that remaining jack pressure all discharges is rectified a deviation；
(5) section of jurisdiction patch calculates
The first step, the relative positional relationship of analysis design axis and shield machine measure number by the shield attitude of each ring
According to calculating:
Design axis and shield machine angle X ‰=(notch left-right deviation-shield tail left-right deviation)/shield machine length
Second step, analyze shield machine and section of jurisdiction relative positional relationship, by left and right jack promote when progressive error into
Row calculates:
Shield machine and ‰=progressive error of section of jurisdiction angle Y/section of jurisdiction diameter
Third step calculates the relative positional relationship of design axis and section of jurisdiction:
Design axis and ‰=X of section of jurisdiction angle Z, ‰+Y ‰
By on section of jurisdiction patch make end face become wedge shape to reduce the angle between design axis and section of jurisdiction, every ring is rectified a deviation angle
(‰)=patch thickness/section of jurisdiction diameter is spent, every ring deviation adjustment angle after the angle and patch by analyzing design axis and section of jurisdiction,
Determine section of jurisdiction correction patch mode.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: construction method of the invention, which can solve, carries out shield construction under ultra-deep earthing operating condition
Pass through 6. layer hard stratum, 7. 1,7. 2 layers of sandy soil artesian aquifer when encountered cutter head torque control, gross thrust control, shield
A series of construction problems such as axial line control when gesture stability, tail sealing and minor-circle turn.Form mature bad ground
Middle ultra-deep shield tunnel tunneling construction process, construction technology lay the foundation for underground space development from now on to Deep Development, solve
Shield of having determined engineering in limitation of the underground installation compared with multizone, ensure the exploitation of Tunnel Boring Tunnel Engineering sustainable development and
The popularity of application.
Specific embodiment
Ultra-deep earthing shield crossing bad ground construction method of the invention, steps are as follows for Specific construction:
1, shield crossing 6. layer soil working measure
(1) it reasonably selects and adds mud make-up water pump
Since shield machine earthing is deeper, external soil pressure is larger, and extrusion pump pressure itself is small, damages by the pressure of pipeline
It loses, water flow breaks through soil layer without enough pressure when reaching cutterhead surface, and pressure and flow are unable to reach sets requirement.
The optional gear of plunger pump is more, and construction parameter selection is abundant, can be adjusted according to different soil property situations.Pass through
Parameter compares, and all indicators are better than extrusion pumps for plunger pump.
So adding mud make-up water pump that should preferentially use plunger pump when shield driving in 6. layer soil.
(2) shield driving mode is reasonably selected
Under the mode of automatic earth pressure balance, since shield machine setting themselves soil pressure target value can be in setting soil pressure force value
Bound in float, upper lower limit value be generally ± 0.02Mpa, so soil pressure is in the shape of fluctuation always in this mode
State, amplitude peak are likely to be breached 0.04Mpa.Shield machine screw machine is to reach earth pressure balance, is continued for adjusting its revolving speed, revolving speed
When it is high when it is low, in the case where especially propulsion in 6. layer soil, the unearthed amount that will cause screw machine is discontinuous, uneven, thus
Cause the skidding of belt feeder.
Therefore shield machine when propelling construction, should use manual earth pressure balance mode in 6. layer soil.In manual earth pressure balance mould
Under formula, shield driver can reach " six are constant " by adjusting screw machine revolving speed, fltting speed, it may be assumed that fltting speed-cutterhead into
Unearthed amount-belt feeder the earth loading volume of native amount-screw machine revolving speed-cutterhead earth balance pressure-screw machine is in relative constant state.It can
Effectively to solve the problems, such as that belt feeder skids.
(3) optimization cutterhead adds water mode of operation
6. layer soil water content is low, soil property is hard, intensity is high, when such as only carrying out adding water, cutter head torque low when cutter head torque is high
Stop adding water, the soil body of institute's mix is only cutterhead into native mouth the last period soil body, and the latter section of soil body be not by effective mix.Without
After the soil body of mix enters cutterhead, it can still cause the raising of cutter head torque.It recycling repeatedly, when front soil body, is soft when hard,
It can cause the fluctuation of soil pressure, the soil body in native storehouse is not replaced effectively in fact, does not play the work of the improvement head soil body
With.
So should establish correct water feeding method when shield driving in 6. layer soil: cutterhead should be kept to hold when shield driving
Continuous plus water, torque occur after decline can suitable control add water flow, after the soil body is replaced completely in native storehouse, so that it may pass through adjusting
Fltting speed finds fltting speed with increase and decrease plus water flow and adds the equalization point of water flow.
(4) cutterhead revolving speed is improved
When carrying out shield driving in silt clay, the general default setting of cutterhead revolving speed is 0.8rpm, can meet and cut
It cuts, the requirement of the mix soil body.When carrying out shield driving in 6. layer soil, cutterhead revolving speed should be promoted to highest gear 1.51rpm,
As cutterhead plus the ancillary measure of water operating method, the soil body is sufficiently stirred uniformly by assistance.
2, shield crossing 7. 1,7. 2 layers of TBM's position control
(1) reasonable set of earth balance pressure power
Effective earth pressure balance is established, it is ensured that shield head when propelling construction in soft stratum under hard on shield machine
Portion stablizes, and is the basic of control attitude of shield machine.Soil pressure setting should follow " computational theory value adjusts actual value " in construction
Principle carries out the control of earth pressure balance.
Be 6. layer hard stratum at the top of shield machine when shield machine is constructed 7. 1,7. in 2 layers of sandy soil layer, stratum deformation by
6. the partition of layer soil, settlement monitoring data reflection relatively lags behind, and can not provide effective reference, it is determined that soil pressure setting is
It is no should properly be subject to be unearthed amount calculating.
1. the calculating of theoretical soil pressure
Using cutter head of shield machine center as theoretical soil pressure distribution point, provided before construction according to geological exploration data
The property and thickness of each layer soil body of shield-tunneling construction area top calculate shield-tunneling construction theory soil pressure.According to soil pressure
Calculating principle, cutter head center are located at argillic horizon and use water and soil worthwhile, and cutter head center is located at sandy soil and is calculated using water and soil point.
Shield cutter center is located at 6. layer soil, using the worthwhile formula of water and soil:
Shield cutter center be located at 7. 1,7. 2 layers of soil, formula is calculated using water and soil point:
2, soil pressure method of adjustment
2. the amount of being unearthed calculates
It is weighed using trunkful weight and empty weight of the gantry crane to every bucket mud, it is practical to calculate one ring of every propulsion
Unearthed weight, and the side's of being converted into amount obtain the practical amount of being unearthed of every ring, are compared with the theory amount of being unearthed, judge whether to backbreak,
It owes to dig.
3. screw machine rate-of-turn record
The every practical revolution of screw machine for promoting a ring of shield machine is recorded by Shield condition monitoring system and is compared, and is inferred every
Whether the unearthed amount of one ring is reasonable.In the case where soil pressure remains unchanged, theoretically screw machine revolving speed should be remained unchanged, and such as be occurred
A certain ring rotation speed change amplitude is larger, should analyze reason in time and determine whether that soil pressure need to be adjusted.
(2) secondary hoop slip casting
Using hoop slip casting after tunnel duct piece injected hole progress wall, section of jurisdiction is held out by the slurries after solidification, keeps pipe
The piece gradient.Single liquid cement grout can be used in secondary grouting, damages shield tail brush to avoid slurries from scurrying into shield tail, deviates from shield tail to section of jurisdiction
Secondary hoop mortar depositing construction can be carried out after 10 rings, 10 rings of every propulsion set one of hoop, every ring grouting amount about 1m3.
(3) paster material optimizes
The method for being typically employed in stickup different-thickness asbestos packing sheet on section of jurisdiction forms wedge shape on the anchor ring of section of jurisdiction, reaches
Adjust the purpose of the section of jurisdiction gradient.Shield driving is carried out in common thickness of earth-fill cover, shield gross thrust is generally on the left side 1500 ~ 2000t
The decrement on the right side, asbestos packing sheet is generally 25 ~ 30%；When tunnel thickness of earth-fill cover is greater than 25m or more, shield gross thrust is universal
Greater than 3000t, the decrement of asbestos packing sheet reaches 80% ~ 90%, loses rectifying effect substantially.
So Ying Xuanyong IR fiber plate is being processed as paster material, IR fiber plate when constructing under ultra-deep earthing
When have been compressed, under gross thrust large effect, decrement is substantially zeroed, meet adjustment the section of jurisdiction gradient requirement.
3, shield crossing 7. 1,7. 2 layers of gross thrusts control
(1) use is backbreak knife
When shield machine ultra-deep earthing is constructed, the side friction of casing upper half is much larger than the side friction of lower half, so
It opens 21 points ~ 9 positions of shield machine upper half to backbreak knife, the amount of backbreaking is set to 80mm, and the practical excavation radius of shield machine upper half is
3.25m scrapes the soil body of the loose shield shell upper half by knife of backbreaking, and the coefficient of friction between steel plate and the soil body is reduced, to reduce side frictional resistance
Power.As knife of backbreaking is elongated using the time, the reduction amount of gross thrust can be gradually stable in about 5000KN.
(2) shield machine shell antifriction slip casting
Shield machine supports 1 point of ring position,, 11 outer injection holes of four direction setting shell at 5 points at 8 points, passes through outer injection hole
Outside pressure injection bentonite slurry, makes bentonite slurry form one layer of mud film in shield machine surface of shell.
1. bentonite slurry matches:
Often mix bucket (1.6m3) bentonite soil addition content be 250kg.
2. bentonite slurry mixing requires:
Charging sequence: mixing bentonite soil paste Ying Xianjia water, it is rear that bentonite soil is added；Brand-new bentonite soil paste need to store one
The section time can use after the swelling of abundant aquation；Bentonite soil paste in slurry bucket should be stirred often, avoided precipitating or be isolated；
3. bentonite slurry performance indicator:
Bentonite soil paste should control its mud balance, and specific gravity appropriate is conducive to slurries in shield machine surface of shell
Effective mud film is formed, bentonite soil slurry specific gravity general control is 1.04 ~ 1.06.
4. bentonite slurry construction parameter:
Grouting pressure determines: to ensure that bentonite slurry is sufficiently squeezed into the soil body and shield machine surface forms mud film, slip casting
Pressure is using external soil pressure as reference value, under the working condition of ultra-deep earthing, using 0.5MPa as Con trolling index.
The determination of grouting amount: every ring pressure injection bentonite slurry about 1.2m3, theoretically can be in shield machine shell table after 6 ring of pressure injection
Face forms the mud film of one of 5cm thickness.
Grouting sequence selection: shield machine notch ring periphery 4 injection hole mutually switches pressure injection, and 4 holes of pressure injection amount are relatively equal
It is even, it can be adjusted according to grouting pressure.
4, tail sealing measure in sandy soil artesian aquifer
(1) shield tail grease lines are transformed
When conventional shield machine shield tail grease pipeline is arranged, 12 injection holes use concatenated form, when shield grease pressure injection,
Enter pipeline by shield tail grease pump, shield tail grease pressure injection is carried out to 12 injection holes respectively in order.
Former pipeline form analysis: from piping diagram, since 12 inlets use arranged in series, if pressure injection is whole
12 inlets, after the completion of left half-turn pressure injection can the right half-turn of pressure injection, the distance of 4# inlet to 3# inlet is about 15 meters, is deposited
In certain pressure loss, the pressure of 3# inlet is far smaller than the pressure of 4# inlet.Problem can be caused when construction:
1. being quantitatively to carry out shield tail grease pressure injection with every ring 20kg, since there are pressure drop, the pressure injections of left half-turn inlet
Pressure is far longer than right half-turn, and leading in 20KG grease the overwhelming majority, all for pressure injection in left half-turn, the grease of right half-turn is less, is easy
Form leakage passage.
2., to make each injection hole be attained by specified injection pressure, will lead to grease when using pressure control
It is excessive in left half-turn pressure injection, cause to waste, increases construction cost.
Improved pipeline transform the form of original left and right half-turn inlet series pipe as left and right half-turn inlet
Parallel pipeline form can be ignored not substantially although the pressure loss is smaller there are certain pressure drop between each inlet
Meter, can establish pressure in all inlets as soon as possible.
(2) shield tail grease pressure injection technology
Shield tail grease system operation mode is generally divided into manual mode and automatic mode.In a manual mode, it can choose
Single or multiple injection holes carry out the operation of grease pressure injection, control the time of pressure injection；In automatic mode to all grease injection holes
It is operated simultaneously, and pressure control and time control can be divided into.
After transformation under pipeline form, it is desirable that must be using under automatic mode in conventional shield driving stage pressure injection grease
Compress control method, when pressure injection grease, it is necessary to ensure that the Pressure Casting of each inlet must reach specified value, Fang Keting
Only pressure injection.It is exported since shield tail pressure of grease meter is injected not at grease, the outlet of pressure gauge distance remains certain distance, exists
Pressure drop takes so specified pressure index has to be larger than the sum of pipeline pressure drop and external earth pressure at rest according to construction experience
Pressure index is 2.0Mpa.
If when shield tail locally leak source occurs, Ying Caiyong manual mode individually presses the inlet of electric leakage position
Note.
(3) synchronous grouting controls
When constructing 7. 1,7. in 2 layers of sandy soil artesian aquifer, synchronous grouting not merely plays filling shield tail and section of jurisdiction
Between gap effect, also act as reinforce tail sealing effect.The pressure injection of synchronous grouting is uniform, full can effectively keep out shield
Water And Earth Pressures outside tail, mode silt particle scurry into shield tail.
When shield machine is constructed 7. 1,7. in 2 layers of sandy soil artesian aquifer, the phenomenon that Yi Yinqi shield kowtows, backbreaks,
And to reduce gross thrust, shield machine upper half is opened knife of backbreaking and is promoted, and the practical earth volume excavated of shield machine is more theoretical
Earth volume is big, and excavation face is also big compared with conventional excavation face.
1. grouting amount determines
Shield machine theory excavation area is S=π R2=3.14×3.18×3.18=31.77m2, every ring theory amount of being unearthed is V=S
×1.2m=38.12 m3, every ring theory gap is Q=V-V after removing section of jurisdiction volumePipe=38.12-36.23=1.89m3, synchronous grouting
Amount is the 130% ~ 180% of theoretical gap, about 2.5 ~ 3.4 m3.In view of the particularity constructed in sandy soil artesian aquifer,
The practical excavation area of shield machine is about 33 m3, the practical amount of being unearthed of every ring is the m of V=S × 1.2m=39.63, remove every after the volume of section of jurisdiction
Ring theory gap is Q=V-VPipe=39.6-36.23=3.37m3, synchronous grouting amount should be every 4.5 m of ring3。
2. grouting method
In sandy soil artesian aquifer, synchronous grouting plays the role of certain tail sealing, it is desirable that must when mortar depositing construction
Must uniformly one section be promoted, one section of slip casting, is plugged the gap in time.
For every 4.5 m of ring synchronous grouting amount3Requirement, each ring propelling construction is divided into 12 stages, every propulsion
10cm is a stage, and the grouting amount of every 10cm is 0.45m3。
For convenient for shield driver can simple, effective control by stages grouting amount, by shield machine slurry bucket specification ruler
Very little calculating, is arranged scale in slurry bucket, and using one of horizontal reinforcement together, the spatial volume between per pass reinforcing bar is 0.45m3,
Operator is by observation scale it is known that current mud jacking amount, mud jacking speed and being effectively controlled.
(4) tail sealing ancillary measure
1. sponge strip is sticked in section of jurisdiction
Shield machine can choose when constructing in sandy soil artesian aquifer sticks on one of 20cm in the section of jurisdiction extrados domain
× 15cm sponge strip.Sponge strip to be in place in pipe sheet assembling by shield chain-drive section construction personnel convenient for constructing operation,
Sponge strip placement location should be close to section of jurisdiction tongue-and-groove end face, apart from tongue-and-groove end face about 30cm, when section of jurisdiction being avoided to bear jack thrust
Sponge strip is squeezed out.Sponge strip joint location should avoid Longitudinal Joint between Segments, joint location and Longitudinal Joint between Segments dislocation 20cm, can effectively keep away
Exempt from the generation of leakage passage.
2. adding temporary leaking water device
Temporary leaking water device together is set between jack boots plate and section of jurisdiction, is made of curved plate and rubber strip, steel plate
Width is from section of jurisdiction intrados to shield shell, thickness 10mm.Rubber strip uses φ 50mm leather hose one to cut open and is made for two, is bound by galvanized wire
It is fixed on steel plate extrados, before every ring promotes, curved plate is placed on the outside of the front end face of section of jurisdiction by artificial piecemeal, extrados rubber
Adhesive tape is close to shield tail intrados, and as the temporary plugging of gap of the shield tail, then stretching jack withstands steel plate and starts normally to tunnel.
Temporary plugging shield tail leakage is played the role of in this measure when shield tail leakage may occur.
5, ultra-deep earthing shield minor-circle turn construction technology
(1) minor-circle turn correction amount calculates
Shield machine carries out geometrical analysis when circular curve segment is constructed, to circular curve segment length: circular curve segment length is by every section
The arc length that length is 1.2m forms, i.e., shield machine 1 ring length of every propulsion is 1.2m.After one ring of every completion, shield azimuth occurs
Variation, therefore the deviation adjustment angle of each ring of shield machine is the angle theta of azimuth J Yu azimuth I.
θ=1200÷R×180°÷π
The every ring deviation adjustment angle of shield machine is obtained by calculation, it is each shield machine can be calculated using trigonometric function relationship
Ring promotes left and right jack to stretch out progressive error.
Minor radius circular curve segment shield machine correction amount calculated result:
| Circular curve radius (m) | Every left and right jack of ring stretches out progressive error (mm) |
| 350 | 20 |
| 400 | 18 |
| 450 | 15 |
| 500 | 14 |
(2) theoretical gross thrust calculates
Shield machine gross thrust is constituted: by between shield outer wall periphery and the soil body frictional resistance or bonding resistance, notch ring pass through
Enter five parts such as frictional force, rear trolley tractive resistance between resistance, working face frontal drag, section of jurisdiction and shield tail to form.
Each section thrust and gross thrust calculate
1. frictional resistance or bonding resistance F between shield outer wall periphery and the soil body1
For sandy soil: F1=μ (π DLpm+ W)
Coefficient of friction between μ --- -- shield shell and the periphery soil body, generally 0.2
D --- -- shield machine outer diameter (m)
L --- --- shield machine body length (m)
pm--- -- soil pressure (kPa)
W------ shield machine is self-possessed (KN)
2. notch ring penetration resistance F2
F2=LtKPpm
L --- --- excavation face perimeter (m)
T------- notch ring depth of penetration (m)
pm--- -- soil pressure (kPa)
KP--- -- coefficient of passive earth pressure
KP=tan2(45°+θ/2)
3. working face frontal drag F3
F3=(πD2/4 )pm
D --- -- shield machine outer diameter (m)
pm--- -- soil pressure (kPa)
4. the frictional force F between section of jurisdiction and shield tail4
F4=μGn
Coefficient of friction of the μ --- -- between steel and concrete, generally 0.3
The every endless tube sheet weight (KN) of G --- ---
Number of rings of the section of jurisdiction n------- in shield tail
5. the tractive resistance F of rear trolley5
F5=μG
Coefficient of friction of the μ --- -- between steel wheel and rail, generally 0.15
The every endless tube sheet weight (KN) of G --- ---
Each section thrust is added to obtain gross thrust F ≈ F1+F2+F3+F4+F5
(3) region oil pressure method for correcting error
When carrying out oil pressure map, should be set in strict accordance with the gross thrust of theoretical calculation, and form a set of setting, tune
Whole process:
1. shield machine should first adjust left and right oil pressure based on the correction of left and right in minor-circle turn construction.According to very heavy
Pressure on top surface Conversion Thrust:
2. after left and right area's jack pressure is provided with, being configured to upper and lower area's jack pressure, in conjunction with left and right
The thrust in area calculates, and after subtracting left and right area's thrust using gross thrust, the theoretical thrust that upper and lower area need to be set, Fang Keman can be obtained
Foot pushes the condition of shield machine.
Assuming that lower area's jack pressure is set as X, upper area's jack pressure is set as Y, available equation:
The single jack thrust * jack of the single jack thrust * jack quantity+Y/ rated pressure * of X/ rated pressure *
Quantity=upper and lower area thrust
To avoid shield machine self weight from causing to kowtow, when upper and lower area's jack pressure is arranged, it is greater than upper area toward area's thrust down
Thrust, it is 20 ~ 26Mpa that section, which is arranged, in lower area pressure, and obtains upper area's pressure according to lower area's calculation of pressure:
Every time when setting, adjustment jack pressure, according to correction it needs to be determined that the 4th can be calculated after 3 zoned pressures
The pressure of a subregion, it can be ensured that the case where gross thrust is met the requirements, and is effectively avoided and is pressed.
(4) stop jack method for correcting error
After shield machine gross thrust continues increase, if partial-partition pressure is less than 5Mpa when being adjusted by region oil pressure,
Both it had been unable to satisfy the requirement of gross thrust, and 5Mpa is to follow oil pressure, jack does not actually generate thrust, and pause may be selected at this time
Part jack, the mode that remaining jack pressure all discharges are rectified a deviation, and can achieve the effect that get instant result.
(5) section of jurisdiction patch calculates
In shield minor-circle turn construction, since the left and right area's jack thrust setting difference of shield machine is big, section of jurisdiction is caused
Left and right section of stress is inconsistent.Such as when turning right, the thrust that section of jurisdiction left end is subject to is far longer than thrust suffered by right end,
Non-uniform stress can make section of jurisdiction axis gradually be biased on the outside of circular arc, not catch up with design axis gradually, while shield machine is being held
In the case where continuous correction, shield machine left and right rows path difference is bigger and bigger, and shield machine also can be increasing with section of jurisdiction angle, causes shield tail
The quality problems such as too small, the extrados fragmentation in gap.
So while shield machine correction, need to equally consider the correction of section of jurisdiction in minor-circle turn construction, pass through patch
Piece makes the axis of section of jurisdiction close to design axis.We by analysis design axis, shield machine, section of jurisdiction three relativeness, come
Determine reasonable patch mode.
The first step, the relative positional relationship of analysis design axis and shield machine measure number by the shield attitude of each ring
According to calculating:
Design axis and shield machine angle X ‰=(notch left-right deviation-shield tail left-right deviation)/shield machine length
Second step, analyze shield machine and section of jurisdiction relative positional relationship, by left and right jack promote when progressive error into
Row calculates:
Shield machine and ‰=progressive error of section of jurisdiction angle Y/section of jurisdiction diameter
Third step calculates the relative positional relationship of design axis and section of jurisdiction:
Design axis and ‰=X of section of jurisdiction angle Z, ‰+Y ‰
We need by section of jurisdiction patch make end face become wedge shape come reduce design axis and section of jurisdiction between angle, lead to
Frequently with 4mm or the patch of 5mm thickness.Every ring deviation adjustment angle (‰)=patch thickness/section of jurisdiction diameter.By analysis design axis with
Every ring deviation adjustment angle after the angle and patch of section of jurisdiction determines section of jurisdiction correction patch mode, and determining need to consider to paste when patch number of rings
Decrement of the sheet material when bearing jack thrust.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of ultra-deep earthing shield crossing bad ground construction method, which is characterized in that steps are as follows for Specific construction:
1) shield crossing 6. hard stratum working measure
(1) plunger pump is selected to add mud make-up water pump
(2) shield driving mode is selected
Shield machine when propelling construction, using manual earth pressure balance mode, makes fltting speed-cutterhead into soil amount-in 6. hard stratum
Unearthed amount-belt feeder the earth loading volume of screw machine revolving speed-cutterhead earth balance pressure-screw machine is in relative constant state；
(3) optimization cutterhead adds water mode of operation
Cutterhead is kept persistently to add water when shield driving, control plus water flow after decline occurs in torque, when the soil body is set completely in native storehouse
After changing, by adjusting fltting speed and increase and decrease plus water flow, make fltting speed and plus water flow balance；
(4) cutterhead revolving speed is improved
When carrying out shield driving in 6. hard stratum, cutterhead revolving speed is promoted to highest gear 1.51rpm；
2) shield crossing 7. 1,7. 2 sandy soil artesian aquifer TBM's position control
(1) setting of earth balance pressure power
Soil pressure setting follows the principle of " computational theory value adjusts actual value " in construction, carries out the control of earth pressure balance；
(2) secondary hoop slip casting
Using hoop slip casting after tunnel duct piece injected hole progress wall, section of jurisdiction is held out by the slurries after solidification, keeps section of jurisdiction slope
Degree, secondary grouting damages shield tail brush using single liquid cement grout, to avoid slurries from scurrying into shield tail, after 10 ring of shield tail is deviate from section of jurisdiction
Secondary hoop mortar depositing construction is carried out, 10 rings of every propulsion set one of hoop, every ring grouting amount 1m3；
(3) paster material optimizes
When constructing under ultra-deep earthing, select IR fiber plate as paster material, for meeting the requirement of the adjustment section of jurisdiction gradient；
3) 7. 1,7. 2 sandy soil artesian aquifer gross thrusts control shield crossing
(1) use is backbreak knife
It opens 21 points~9 positions of shield machine upper half to backbreak knife, the amount of backbreaking is set to 80mm, scrapes loose shield shell upper half by knife of backbreaking
The soil body in portion reduces the coefficient of friction between steel plate and the soil body, to reduce side friction；
(2) shield machine shell antifriction slip casting
Shield machine supports 1 point of ring position,, 11 outer injection holes of four direction setting shell at 5 points at 8 points, outside by outer injection hole
Pressure injection bentonite slurry makes bentonite slurry form one layer of mud film in shield machine surface of shell；
4) tail sealing measure in sandy soil artesian aquifer
(1) shield tail grease lines are transformed
It transform the form of original left and right half-turn inlet series pipe as left and right half-turn inlet parallel pipeline form；
(2) shield tail grease pressure injection
When pressure injection grease, using the compress control method under automatic mode, it is ensured that the Pressure Casting index of each inlet is greater than
The sum of pipeline pressure drop and external earth pressure at rest；
If, using manual mode, individually carrying out pressure injection to the inlet of electric leakage position when shield tail is locally leaked electricity；
(3) synchronous grouting controls
Shield machine slurry bucket specification is calculated, scale is set in slurry bucket, using one of horizontal reinforcement together, is made between per pass reinforcing bar
Spatial volume be 0.45m3, mud jacking amount, control mud jacking speed are estimated by observation scale；
(4) tail sealing ancillary measure
1. sponge strip is sticked in section of jurisdiction
The section of jurisdiction extrados domain sticks on one of 20cm × 15cm sponge strip；
2. adding temporary leaking water device
The temporary leaking water device being made of together curved plate and rubber strip is set between jack boots plate and section of jurisdiction；
5) minor-circle turn of ultra-deep earthing shield is constructed
(1) minor-circle turn correction amount calculates
The deviation adjustment angle of each ring of shield machine is the angle theta of azimuth J and azimuth I,
R × 180 ° the ÷ of θ=1200 ÷ π
The every ring deviation adjustment angle of shield machine is obtained by calculation in R------ circular curve radius (m), is calculated using trigonometric function relationship
Obtaining each ring of shield machine promotes left and right jack to stretch out progressive error；
(2) gross thrust calculates
1. frictional resistance or bonding resistance F between shield outer wall periphery and the soil body1
For sandy soil: F1=μ (π DLpm+W)
Coefficient of friction between μ --- -- shield shell and the periphery soil body is 0.2
D----- shield machine outer diameter (m)
L------ shield machine body length (m)
pm--- -- soil pressure (kPa)
W------ shield machine is self-possessed (KN)
2. notch ring penetration resistance F2
F2=LtKPpm
Lt--- --- excavation face perimeter (m)
T------- notch ring depth of penetration (m)
pm--- -- soil pressure (kPa)
KP--- -- coefficient of passive earth pressure
KP=tan2(45°+θ/2)
3. working face frontal drag F3
F3=(π D2/4)pm
D----- shield machine outer diameter (m)
pm--- -- soil pressure (kPa)
4. the frictional force F between section of jurisdiction and shield tail4
F4=μ Gn
Coefficient of friction of the μ --- -- between steel and concrete is 0.3
The every endless tube sheet weight (KN) of G------
Number of rings of the section of jurisdiction n------- in shield tail
5. the tractive resistance F of rear trolley5
F5=μ G
Coefficient of friction of the μ --- -- between steel wheel and rail is 0.15
The every endless tube sheet weight (KN) of G------
Each section thrust is added to obtain gross thrust F ≈ F1+F2+F3+F4+F5
(3) region oil pressure method for correcting error
1. in minor-circle turn construction, shield machine should first adjust the oil pressure of left and right area's jack based on the correction of left and right, and
Thrust is conversed according to jack pressure；
2. after left and right area's jack pressure is provided with, being configured to upper and lower area's jack pressure, in conjunction with pushing away for left and right area
Power calculates, and after subtracting left and right area's thrust using gross thrust, obtains the theoretical thrust that upper and lower area need to be set, meets and push shield machine
Condition；
(4) stop jack method for correcting error
It, can not if partial-partition pressure is less than 5Mpa when being adjusted by region oil pressure after shield machine gross thrust continues increase
Meet the requirement of gross thrust, suspend part jack at this time, the mode that remaining jack pressure all discharges is rectified a deviation；
(5) section of jurisdiction patch calculates
The first step, analysis design axis and shield machine relative positional relationship, by the shield attitude measurement data of each ring come
It calculates:
Design axis and shield machine angle X ‰=(notch left-right deviation-shield tail left-right deviation)/shield machine length
Second step analyzes the relative positional relationship of shield machine and section of jurisdiction, and progressive error when being promoted by left and right jack is counted
It calculates:
Shield machine and ‰=progressive error of section of jurisdiction angle Y/section of jurisdiction diameter
Third step calculates the relative positional relationship of design axis and section of jurisdiction:
Design axis and ‰=X of section of jurisdiction angle Z, ‰+Y ‰
By on section of jurisdiction patch make end face become wedge shape come reduce design axis and section of jurisdiction between angle, every ring deviation adjustment angle
(‰)=patch thickness/section of jurisdiction diameter, by every ring deviation adjustment angle after analysis design axis and the angle and patch of section of jurisdiction, really
Determine section of jurisdiction correction patch mode.
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| CN104265325B (en) * | 2014-08-06 | 2017-07-14 | 上海隧道工程有限公司 | Reinforce the non-replacement construction method of push pipe antifriction mud |
| CN104481549B (en) * | 2014-11-19 | 2017-02-22 | 北方重工集团有限公司 | Bentonite injection method and system for blocking gushing water and sand |
| CN104533432A (en) * | 2014-12-25 | 2015-04-22 | 上海市基础工程集团有限公司 | Construction method for shield to penetrate through buildings in old town of downtown in complex stratums |
| CN104912565B (en) * | 2015-05-05 | 2017-05-10 | 上海隧道工程股份有限公司 | Soil amount pressure balance shield control method and system |
| CN104989412A (en) * | 2015-06-11 | 2015-10-21 | 北京市市政四建设工程有限责任公司 | Earth pressure balance type shield long-distance lake-crossing construction technology |
| CN108049878B (en) * | 2017-11-13 | 2019-06-25 | 浙江大学城市学院 | A kind of powder land floor shield cuts the construction method that stake is crossed the river |
| CN110359918A (en) * | 2019-06-27 | 2019-10-22 | 中交一公局第三工程有限公司 | The control method of the supporting pressure of shield machine excavation face in sand-pebble layer |
| CN110792443A (en) * | 2019-11-25 | 2020-02-14 | 中铁隧道局集团有限公司 | Construction method for shield tunnel to penetrate through seabed shallow covered silt and silt clay |
| CN111577303B (en) * | 2020-04-29 | 2021-04-20 | 中铁（天津）隧道工程勘察设计有限公司 | Method for calculating whether tunneling of shield tunneling machine is safe or not suitable for different stratums and burial depths |
| CN113047850A (en) * | 2021-03-31 | 2021-06-29 | 中国水利水电第一工程局有限公司 | Short-interval shield construction head-planting processing method |
| CN113775349B (en) * | 2021-09-28 | 2022-10-18 | 中铁四局集团第四工程有限公司 | Method for determining propelling parameters of shield tunnel with small curvature radius |
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| KR850000535B1 (en) * | 1980-06-30 | 1985-04-17 | 가부시기 가이샤 이세끼 가이하쓰 고오기 | Method for making tunnels by using a driving shield |
| CN100501123C (en) * | 2004-10-14 | 2009-06-17 | 上海隧道工程股份有限公司 | Ground deformation control method for going through soft earth layer by double circular shielding |
| CN1932244A (en) * | 2006-09-28 | 2007-03-21 | 上海隧道工程股份有限公司 | Construction method for double-circular shield near-distance passing through building or structure |
| CN101294496A (en) * | 2008-06-25 | 2008-10-29 | 上海隧道工程股份有限公司 | Slip casting control shield attitude and deviation correcting construction method |
| CN101749025B (en) * | 2009-12-24 | 2012-11-28 | 上海隧道工程股份有限公司 | Improved construction method of soil mass of extra-large-diameter soil pressure balancing shield on soft soil stratum |
| CN102996135B (en) * | 2012-12-11 | 2015-06-24 | 上海市基础工程集团有限公司 | Construction method for crossing for complex formation of shield under ultra-deep earth |
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