CN103601315A - Method for treating heavy metal wastewater in mining and metallurgy by use of waste tea dust - Google Patents
Method for treating heavy metal wastewater in mining and metallurgy by use of waste tea dust Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for treating heavy metal wastewater in mining and metallurgy by use of waste tea dust, which is characterized by comprising the steps of filtering the mining and metallurgy wastewater through a grid to remove solid matters, adding alkali to adjust the pH value to 8-9, and filtering to remove precipitates; adding tea dust 1-100 times the total mass of heavy metal and with particle sizes of 50-200 meshes into the precipitated mining and metallurgy wastewater, adding acid to adjust the pH value to 3-7, and stirring and mixing for 30-120 minutes; transferring the mixed liquid into a two-level separation tank, adding a flocculating agent at a proportion of 0-2ml per liter of mixed liquid, stirring for 5-10 minutes, and standing for 30-60 minutes, wherein the flocculating agent is an aqueous solution of anionic polyacrylamide with concentration of 1g/liter; overflowing the supernate of the precipitated mixed liquid, and recovering or discharging. The method disclosed by the invention has a good treatment effect on heavy metal ions and radionuclide, and can be applied to the environmental protection and repair treatment in the mining and metallurgy, chemical industry, electroplating and mechanical industry.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the processing of waste water, relate to a kind of method of utilizing useless tea bits processing mining and metallurgy heavy metal wastewater thereby.Be specially adapted to the processing containing mining and metallurgy heavy metal heavy metals such as () mercury, cadmium, arsenic, lead, copper, zinc, chromium, radionuclide waste water, can be widely used in environment protection and the repair process of mining and metallurgy, chemical industry, plating, machinery industry.
Background technology
Non-ferrous metal exploitation and smelting are the water rich anies influential family of China always, because there being associated element to exist in most of non-ferrous metal and ore, so generally contain the heavy metals such as mercury, cadmium, arsenic, lead, copper, zinc, chromium in the waste water of its exploitation and smelting.In heavy metal unit volume in the waste water of nonferrous metallurgy discharge, content is not very high, but wastewater flow rate is large, large to the absolute magnitude of environmental emission.According to statistics, non-ferrous metals industry every year by waste water to environmental emission mercury 5.6t, cadmium 85t, arsenic 173t, plumbous 226t etc.
The toxicity that the objectionable constituent such as heavy metal produce has following characteristics: the concentration of the harmful ions such as (1) Heavy Metals in Waters, between 0.01～10mg/L, can produce toxic effect; (2) objectionable constituent such as heavy metal are difficult to be degraded by microorganisms; (3) objectionable constituent such as heavy metal can enter human body by food chain at hydrobiont cylinder accumulation, even can be by passing to baby by heredity or breast milk; (4) objectionable constituent such as heavy metal enter after human body, may in some organ, accumulate in vivo, cause chronic poisoning, and harm needs just reveal sometimes for 10～30 years.Therefore, remove the objectionable constituent contamination phenomenon such as heavy metal in environment, repair contaminated environment, caused extensive concern.
In prior art, people have developed the technology of multiple smelting reason heavy metal wastewater thereby so far from recognizing the harm of heavy metal wastewater thereby, can be summed up as following several: (1) chemical method, (2) reverse osmosis method, (3) physics and chemistry absorption method, (4) evaporation and freezing method, (5) electrolytic process, (6) electroosmose process, (7) biological process etc.Both at home and abroad the improvement of heavy metal contamination is still improved not and thoroughly, far can not be stopped the pollution of heavy metal wastewater thereby to environment so far.This is all can not make heavy metal wherein decompose destruction because which kind of method processing heavy metal wastewater thereby adopts, and can only shift the position of its existence or change its physics and chemistry form.For example, after chemical precipitation is processed, the heavy metal in waste water changes insoluble chemical compound into and precipitates from the ionic condition of dissolving, so proceed in mud from water.Therefore, if only note the processing of waste water itself, and ignore recycling and the harmless treatment of processing after product, let alone to run off in environment, will manufacture secondary pollution.Therefore, low-cost mining and metallurgy heavy metal waste water treatment process technology faces wide application prospect and the market requirement widely, be mining and metallurgy industry with general character and in the urgent need to new technology.
China Shi Chan tea big country, 2008 Nian， China tea output have reached 1/3 of 124 Wan Dun，Zhan world total amounts.The discarded tea grounds that 2009 Nian， China tea drink machinings produce has reached 150,000 tons, simultaneously the annual self-training of tea tree, pluck to the course of processing, approximately have 30% for useless branches and leaves, tea dust abandoned, utilized, cause the waste of useful resources.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention is intended to overcome deficiency of the prior art, provide a kind of with low cost, treatment effect good, the useless tea bits of practical utilization are processed the method for mining and metallurgy heavy metal wastewater thereby, thereby are the service that large-scale develops and utilizes of mining and metallurgy industry.
Content of the present invention is: a kind of method of utilizing useless tea bits processing mining and metallurgy heavy metal wastewater thereby, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
(mining and metallurgy waste water is mining and metallurgy heavy metal wastewater thereby for a, mining and metallurgy waste water, the waste water producing in non-ferrous metal exploitation and/or non-ferrous metal metallurgy) through the grid (specification of grid, can be that aperture is the grid of 1.5～10mm preferably) remove by filter after solid substance (being solids), add alkali to regulate pH to 8～9, be uniformly mixed, (heavy metal ion generally mainly contains Cd to refilter, remove heavy metal ion a large amount of in mining and metallurgy waste water
6+, Cr
6+, Cr
3+, Hg
2+, Pb
2+, Zn
2+, Cu
2+or/and Ag
+) throw out that generates with alkali reaction, and be preferably and make each concentration of heavy metal ion in mining and metallurgy waste water lower than 100 mg/litre (mg/L) (realizing reduction heavy metal ions in wastewater concentration thereby metal ion and alkali effect can generate rapidly precipitation), obtain the mining and metallurgy waste water after precipitation;
B, analyze heavy metal total mass in the mining and metallurgy waste water after precipitation (get waste water carry out heavy metal kind with and content analysis, can obtain heavy metal total mass, such as taking atomic absorption spectrum etc.), in mining and metallurgy waste water after precipitation, adding 1～100 times of particle diameter of heavy metal total mass is the useless tea bits of 50～200 objects, adding acid for adjusting pH value is 3～7, be uniformly mixed 30～120 minutes, obtain mixed solution;
C, mixed solution is proceeded to the second-order separation pond, in every liter of (L) mixed solution, add the ratio of 0～2 milliliter of (ml) flocculation agent to add flocculation agent, be uniformly mixed after 5～10 minutes (min), standing 30～60 minutes, obtain the mixed solution after precipitation;
Described flocculation agent is that concentration is the aqueous solution of the anionic polyacrylamide of 1 grams per liter (g/L);
D, the supernatant liquid of mixed solution after precipitation is overflowed to the mining and metallurgy heavy metal wastewater thereby being after processing, (can enter sterilization pool after again) reuse or discharge; Lower floor's mud through precipitation, mechanical dehydration, discard or recycle (heavy metal wherein), thereby realize the processing of low-cost mining and metallurgy waste water.
In content of the present invention: add the ratio of 0～2 milliliter of (ml) flocculation agent to add flocculation agent to be preferably in every liter of (L) mixed solution described in step c and replace with: add the ratio of 0.1～2 milliliter of (ml) flocculation agent to add flocculation agent in every liter of (L) mixed solution, to improve settling velocity.
In content of the present invention: alkali described in step a can be MgO, NaOH, KOH or Ca (OH)
2deng, be preferably the aqueous solution of described alkali.
In content of the present invention: acid described in step b can be hydrochloric acid (being the HCl aqueous solution), be preferably mass percent concentration and be 5～25% dilute hydrochloric acid.
In content of the present invention: the molecular weight of anionic polyacrylamide described in step c is 1200～3,600 ten thousand preferably, is water miscible high molecular polymer, is mainly used in the flocculating settling of various trade effluents, precipitation clarifying treatment; White particle, odorless is nontoxic; Manufacturing enterprise has: the prosperous photoinitiator chemical in Hebei, North China chemical industry, Mitsui chemical industry etc.
In content of the present invention: grid described in step a is preferably the grid that aperture is 1.5～10mm.
In content of the present invention: a large amount of secondary tea that the tea making of Fei Chaxieshi described in step b factory produces in processing tea raw material process, thick old stalk leaf and/or tea ash etc. (i.e. useless branches and leaves, tea dust and/or tea grounds etc.); The kind of tea can be green tea, black tea, oolong tea, white tea, yellow tea and/or black tea etc.The useless tea bits that add contain abundant tea polyphenols material, under suitable pH value with mining and metallurgy waste water in complex generation tea-polyphenol-heavy metal precipitation.
In content of the present invention: the waste water of mining and metallurgy described in step a (being mining and metallurgy heavy metal wastewater thereby) is the waste water producing in non-ferrous metal exploitation and/or non-ferrous metal metallurgy.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following feature and beneficial effect:
(1) adopt the present invention, the useless tea bits such as outcast useless branches and leaves, tea dust, tea grounds, particularly useless branches and leaves mostly are Lao Ye, its effective constituent--and polyphenol content is higher; In useless tea bits, contain abundant tea-polyphenol material, a plurality of phenolic hydroxyl groups in its structural molecule can be used as H donor; Meanwhile, the pyrogallol in its molecule or pyrocatechol structure have further been strengthened its reductibility, can with most metal ion and transition metal ion generation complexing; Therefore, utilizing the special structure treatment mining and metallurgy heavy metal wastewater thereby in tea-polyphenol molecule is a kind of secondary high value added utilization of tea making waste, has the features such as with low cost, principle simple, achieve noticeable achievement;
(2) adopt the present invention, in the mining and metallurgy waste water after alkali precipitation, add the excessive useless tea bits that are rich in tea polyphenols material, tea polyphenols material can generate tea-polyphenol-heavy metal precipitation with complex in sour environment; Add appropriate anionic polyacrylamide flocculation agent, can effectively increase complex compound sediment particle diameter, and accelerate its sedimentation (mechanism of reaction is: in tea-polyphenol molecular structure owing to containing abundant phenolic hydroxyl group, make its can with most metal ion and transition metal ion generation complexing; Between a plurality of phenolic hydroxyl groups in tea-polyphenol molecule, there is synergy, complexing mainly occurs on two adjacent phenolic hydroxyl groups, as the B ring of flavanol compound polyphenol and the galloyl of gallic acid ester class polyphenol, between pyrocatechol and metal ion, form five yuan of stable chelate rings, as shown in following chemical equation; After tea-polyphenol and complex precipitation, by adding flocculation agent can accelerate its sedimentation speed, reduce the settling time; Its major cause is that the flocculation agent of high molecular can make the suspended particulates loss of stability in waste water, and the mutual coagulation of micelle phase increases particulate, forms flocs unit, alumen ustum; Flocs unit is grown up and under action of gravity, depart from aqueous phase precipitation after certain volume, thereby removes a large amount of suspended substances in waste water, thereby reaches the effect of water treatment); Supernatant liquid overflow enter equalizing tank, can reuse or discharge, and mud can be recycled (heavy metal) after precipitation, mechanical dehydration, realizes low-cost mining and metallurgy wastewater treatment; The present invention is to heavy metal ion (Cd
6+, Cr
6+, Cr
3+, Hg
2+, Pb
2+, Zn
2+, Cu
2+, Ag
+deng) and radionuclide (Sr
2+, Cs
+deng) there is good complex-precipitation treatment effect;
The complex reaction process of tea-polyphenol (flavanol compound) and metal ion
(3) the present invention is a kind of effective aquatic pollution chemistry treatment process, can be widely used in heavy metal ion and radionuclide wastewater treatment that mining and metallurgy, chemical industry, plating, machinery, nuclear industry and environment protection and reparation etc. produce; Operation is easy, and easily operation, practical.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that the present invention utilizes useless tea bits to process the process flow sheet of mining and metallurgy heavy metal wastewater thereby; Mining and metallurgy waste water containing objectionable constituent such as heavy metals, after grid filtration, alkali precipitation are removed a large amount of heavy metal ion, enter mixing pit, the tea that will give up bits are added in this mixing pit, because useless tea bits contain abundant tea polyphenols material, company's dihydroxy-benzene in molecular structure or limit benzenetriol structure are given it and are had stronger complexing and reducing power, can be with most heavy metal ion as Cd in sour environment
6+, Cr
6+, Cr
3+, Hg
2+, Pb
2+, Zn
2+, Cu
2+, Ag
+deng complexing or reduction occur, in water body, generate tea-polyphenol-heavy metal precipitation, under the effect of flocculation agent anionic polyacrylamide, very fast flocculation sediment; Supernatant liquid overflow enters the second-order separation pond, and (can through sterilization after) water can reuse or row outward; Mud through precipitation, can recycling (heavy metal) after mechanical dehydration;
Fig. 2 is that after adopting the present invention, useless tea bits processing front and back concentration of heavy metal ion changes comparison diagram; As seen from the figure: mining and metallurgy heavy metal ions in wastewater is as Cb
6+, Cr
6+, Cr
3+and Pb
2+concentration is at 200 ~ 500mg.L
-1; Utilize alkalization precipitation can precipitate most of heavy metal ion, but heavy metal ions in wastewater concentration is still higher, higher than discharging standards, can not directly discharge; In this case, add useless tea bits, utilize complex ability that in tea-polyphenol molecular structure, phenolic hydroxyl group is stronger and certain reducing power, make heavy metal ions in wastewater and its generation complexing and precipitate, thereby the concentration of heavy metal ion in reduction waste water, can reach lower than 5mg.L substantially
-1.
Embodiment
Embodiment given below intends so that the invention will be further described; but can not be interpreted as it is limiting the scope of the invention; some nonessential improvement and adjustment that person skilled in art makes the present invention according to the content of the invention described above, still belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1:
Utilize useless tea bits to process a method for mining and metallurgy heavy metal wastewater thereby, comprise the following steps:
Mining and metallurgy waste water, after grid filtration is removed solid substance, adds alkali to regulate pH to 8～9, is uniformly mixed, and refilters, removes the throw out that heavy metal ion a large amount of in mining and metallurgy waste water and alkali reaction generate, and obtains the mining and metallurgy waste water after precipitation;
Mining and metallurgy heavy metal wastewater thereby after alkali precipitation, its heavy metal composition (mg/L): Cd
6+78.3, Cr
6+27.1, Cr
3+65.4, Hg
2+56.3, Pb
2+82.3, Zn
2+68.9, Cu
2+43.4, Ag
+32.5.
In mining and metallurgy waste water after above-mentioned precipitation, by 1 times of separated total metals, add the useless tea bits of 50 objects, regulation system pH value 3.0, stir 30 minutes, enter the second-order separation pond, adding concentration is 1g/ml anionic polyacrylamide aqueous solution 0.2ml/L (that is: adding 0.2ml concentration in the mining and metallurgy waste water after forming sediment by every heave is the 1g/ml anionic polyacrylamide aqueous solution, rear with), standing 30 minutes, get clear liquid its composition (mg/L): Cd after testing
6+3.23, Cr
6+2.87, Cr
3+4.55, Hg
2+1.22, Pb
2+6.43, Zn
2+7.48, Cu
2+8.27, Ag
+6.43, pH value 5.6.
Embodiment 2:
Utilize useless tea bits to process a method for mining and metallurgy heavy metal wastewater thereby, by method described in embodiment 1, mining and metallurgy heavy metal wastewater thereby after alkali precipitation, its heavy metal composition (mg/L): Cd
6+69.5, Cr
6+34.2, Cr
3+85.4, Hg
2+60.2, Pb
2+79.3, Zn
2+64.3, Cu
2+58.6, Ag
+29.5.
In mining and metallurgy waste water after above-mentioned precipitation, by 50 times of separated total metals, add the useless tea bits of 100 objects, regulation system pH value 5.0, stir 80 minutes, enter the second-order separation pond, adding concentration is 1g/ml anionic polyacrylamide aqueous solution 0.5ml/L, standing 40 minutes, gets clear liquid its composition (mg/L): Cd after testing
6+0.67, Cr
6+0.21, Cr
3+0.68, Hg
2+0.16, Pb
2+0.76, Zn
2+1.04, Cu
2+0.62, Ag
+1.12, pH value 6.1.
Embodiment 3:
Utilize useless tea bits to process a method for mining and metallurgy heavy metal wastewater thereby, by method described in embodiment 1, mining and metallurgy heavy metal wastewater thereby after alkali precipitation, its heavy metal composition (mg/L): Cd
6+8.25, Cr
6+0.98, Cr
3+5.67, Hg
2+3.27, Pb
2+5.53, Zn
2+2.86, Cu
2+4.23, Ag
+0.77.
In mining and metallurgy waste water after above-mentioned precipitation, by 100 times of separated total metals, add the useless tea bits of 200 objects, regulation system pH value 7.0, stir 120 minutes, enter the second-order separation pond, adding concentration is 1g/ml anionic polyacrylamide aqueous solution 1ml/L, standing 60 minutes, gets clear liquid its composition (mg/L): Cd after testing
6+0.23, Cr
6+0.56, Cr
3+0.26, Hg
2+0.27, Pb
2+0.31, Zn
2+0.33, Cu
2+0.14, Ag
+0.24, pH value 7.4.
Embodiment 4:
Utilize useless tea bits to process a method for mining and metallurgy heavy metal wastewater thereby, comprise the following steps:
A, mining and metallurgy waste water, after grid filtration is removed solid substance, add alkali to regulate pH to 8～9, are uniformly mixed, and refilter, remove the throw out in mining and metallurgy waste water, obtain the mining and metallurgy waste water after precipitation;
Heavy metal total mass in mining and metallurgy waste water after b, analysis precipitation, in the mining and metallurgy waste water after precipitation, adding 1 times of particle diameter of heavy metal total mass is the useless tea bits of 50 objects, adding acid for adjusting pH value is 3～7, is uniformly mixed 120 minutes, obtains mixed solution;
C, mixed solution is proceeded to the second-order separation pond, in every liter of mixed solution, add the ratio of 0.1 milliliter of flocculation agent to add flocculation agent, be uniformly mixed after 10 minutes, standing 60 minutes, obtain the mixed solution after precipitation;
Described flocculation agent is that concentration is the aqueous solution of the anionic polyacrylamide of 1 grams per liter;
D, the supernatant liquid of mixed solution after precipitation is overflowed to reuse or discharge.
Embodiment 5:
Utilize useless tea bits to process a method for mining and metallurgy heavy metal wastewater thereby, comprise the following steps:
A, mining and metallurgy waste water, after grid filtration is removed solid substance, add alkali to regulate pH to 8～9, are uniformly mixed, and refilter, remove the throw out in mining and metallurgy waste water, obtain the mining and metallurgy waste water after precipitation;
Heavy metal total mass in mining and metallurgy waste water after b, analysis precipitation, in the mining and metallurgy waste water after precipitation, adding 100 times of particle diameters of heavy metal total mass is the useless tea bits of 200 objects, adding acid for adjusting pH value is 3～7, is uniformly mixed 30 minutes, obtains mixed solution;
C, mixed solution is proceeded to the second-order separation pond, in every liter of mixed solution, add the ratio of 2 milliliters of flocculation agents to add flocculation agent, be uniformly mixed after 5 minutes, standing 30 minutes, obtain the mixed solution after precipitation;
Described flocculation agent is that concentration is the aqueous solution of the anionic polyacrylamide of 1 grams per liter;
D, the supernatant liquid of mixed solution after precipitation is overflowed to reuse or discharge.
Embodiment 6:
Utilize useless tea bits to process a method for mining and metallurgy heavy metal wastewater thereby, comprise the following steps:
A, mining and metallurgy waste water, after grid filtration is removed solid substance, add alkali to regulate pH to 8～9, are uniformly mixed, and refilter, remove the throw out in mining and metallurgy waste water, obtain the mining and metallurgy waste water after precipitation;
Heavy metal total mass in mining and metallurgy waste water after b, analysis precipitation, in the mining and metallurgy waste water after precipitation, adding 50 times of particle diameters of heavy metal total mass is the useless tea bits of 120 objects, adding acid for adjusting pH value is 3～7, is uniformly mixed 70 minutes, obtains mixed solution;
C, mixed solution is proceeded to the second-order separation pond, in every liter of mixed solution, add the ratio of 1 milliliter of flocculation agent to add flocculation agent, be uniformly mixed after 8 minutes, standing 45 minutes, obtain the mixed solution after precipitation;
Described flocculation agent is that concentration is the aqueous solution of the anionic polyacrylamide of 1 grams per liter;
D, the supernatant liquid of mixed solution after precipitation is overflowed to reuse or discharge.
Embodiment 7:
Utilize useless tea bits to process a method for mining and metallurgy heavy metal wastewater thereby, comprise the following steps:
(mining and metallurgy waste water is mining and metallurgy heavy metal wastewater thereby for a, mining and metallurgy waste water, the waste water producing in non-ferrous metal exploitation and/or non-ferrous metal metallurgy) through the grid (specification of grid, can be that aperture is the grid of 1.5～10mm preferably) remove by filter after solid substance (being solids), add alkali to regulate pH to 8～9, be uniformly mixed, (heavy metal ion generally mainly contains Cd to refilter, remove heavy metal ion a large amount of in mining and metallurgy waste water
6+, Cr
6+, Cr
3+, Hg
2+, Pb
2+, Zn
2+, Cu
2+or/and Ag
+) throw out that generates with alkali reaction, and be preferably and make each concentration of heavy metal ion in mining and metallurgy waste water lower than 100 mg/litre (mg/L) (realizing reduction heavy metal ions in wastewater concentration thereby metal ion and alkali effect can generate rapidly precipitation), obtain the mining and metallurgy waste water after precipitation;
B, analyze heavy metal total mass in the mining and metallurgy waste water after precipitation (get waste water carry out heavy metal kind with and content analysis, can obtain heavy metal total mass, such as taking atomic absorption spectrum etc.), in mining and metallurgy waste water after precipitation, adding 2 times of particle diameters of heavy metal total mass is the useless tea bits of 60 objects, adding acid for adjusting pH value is 3, be uniformly mixed 40 minutes, obtain mixed solution;
C, mixed solution is proceeded to the second-order separation pond, in every liter of (L) mixed solution, add the ratio of 0 milliliter of (ml) flocculation agent to add flocculation agent, stir after 10 minutes (min), standing 60 minutes, obtain the mixed solution after precipitation;
Described flocculation agent is that concentration is the aqueous solution of the anionic polyacrylamide of 1 grams per liter (g/L);
D, the supernatant liquid of mixed solution after precipitation is overflowed to (can enter sterilization pool after again) reuse or discharge; Lower floor's mud through precipitation, mechanical dehydration, discard or recycle (heavy metal wherein), thereby realize the processing of low-cost mining and metallurgy waste water.
Embodiment 8:
Utilize useless tea bits to process a method for mining and metallurgy heavy metal wastewater thereby, comprise the following steps:
(mining and metallurgy waste water is mining and metallurgy heavy metal wastewater thereby for a, mining and metallurgy waste water, the waste water producing in non-ferrous metal exploitation and/or non-ferrous metal metallurgy) through the grid (specification of grid, can be that aperture is the grid of 1.5～10mm preferably) remove by filter after solid substance (being solids), add alkali to regulate pH to 9, be uniformly mixed, (heavy metal ion generally mainly contains Cd to refilter, remove heavy metal ion a large amount of in mining and metallurgy waste water
6+, Cr
6+, Cr
3+, Hg
2+, Pb
2+, Zn
2+, Cu
2+or/and Ag
+) throw out that generates with alkali reaction, and be preferably and make each concentration of heavy metal ion in mining and metallurgy waste water lower than 100 mg/litre (mg/L) (realizing reduction heavy metal ions in wastewater concentration thereby metal ion and alkali effect can generate rapidly precipitation), obtain the mining and metallurgy waste water after precipitation;
B, analyze heavy metal total mass in the mining and metallurgy waste water after precipitation (get waste water carry out heavy metal kind with and content analysis, can obtain heavy metal total mass, such as taking atomic absorption spectrum etc.), in mining and metallurgy waste water after precipitation, adding 50 times of particle diameters of heavy metal total mass is the useless tea bits of 125 objects, adding acid for adjusting pH value is 5, be uniformly mixed 80 minutes, obtain mixed solution;
C, mixed solution is proceeded to the second-order separation pond, in every liter of (L) mixed solution, add the ratio of 1 milliliter of (ml) flocculation agent to add flocculation agent, be uniformly mixed after 8 minutes (min), standing 50 minutes, obtain the mixed solution after precipitation;
Described flocculation agent is that concentration is the aqueous solution of the anionic polyacrylamide of 1 grams per liter (g/L);
D, the supernatant liquid of mixed solution after precipitation is overflowed to (can enter sterilization pool after again) reuse or discharge; Lower floor's mud through precipitation, mechanical dehydration, discard or recycle (heavy metal wherein), thereby realize the processing of low-cost mining and metallurgy waste water.
Embodiment 9:
Utilize useless tea bits to process a method for mining and metallurgy heavy metal wastewater thereby, comprise the following steps:
(mining and metallurgy waste water is mining and metallurgy heavy metal wastewater thereby for a, mining and metallurgy waste water, the waste water producing in non-ferrous metal exploitation and/or non-ferrous metal metallurgy) through the grid (specification of grid, can be that aperture is the grid of 1.5～10mm preferably) remove by filter after solid substance (being solids), add alkali to regulate pH to 8, be uniformly mixed, (heavy metal ion generally mainly contains Cd to refilter, remove heavy metal ion a large amount of in mining and metallurgy waste water
6+, Cr
6+, Cr
3+, Hg
2+, Pb
2+, Zn
2+, Cu
2+or/and Ag
+) throw out that generates with alkali reaction, and be preferably and make each concentration of heavy metal ion in mining and metallurgy waste water lower than 100 mg/litre (mg/L) (realizing reduction heavy metal ions in wastewater concentration thereby metal ion and alkali effect can generate rapidly precipitation), obtain the mining and metallurgy waste water after precipitation;
B, analyze heavy metal total mass in the mining and metallurgy waste water after precipitation (get waste water carry out heavy metal kind with and content analysis, can obtain heavy metal total mass, such as taking atomic absorption spectrum etc.), in mining and metallurgy waste water after precipitation, adding 100 times of particle diameters of heavy metal total mass is the useless tea bits of 200 objects, adding acid for adjusting pH value is 7, be uniformly mixed 30 minutes, obtain mixed solution;
C, mixed solution is proceeded to the second-order separation pond, in every liter of (L) mixed solution, add the ratio of 2 milliliters of (ml) flocculation agents to add flocculation agent, be uniformly mixed after 5 minutes (min), standing 30 minutes, obtain the mixed solution after precipitation;
Described flocculation agent is that concentration is the aqueous solution of the anionic polyacrylamide of 1 grams per liter (g/L);
D, the supernatant liquid of mixed solution after precipitation is overflowed to (can enter sterilization pool after again) reuse or discharge; Lower floor's mud through precipitation, mechanical dehydration, discard or recycle (heavy metal wherein), thereby realize the processing of low-cost mining and metallurgy waste water.
Embodiment 10:
Utilize useless tea bits to process a method for mining and metallurgy heavy metal wastewater thereby, comprise the following steps:
(mining and metallurgy waste water is mining and metallurgy heavy metal wastewater thereby for a, mining and metallurgy waste water, the waste water producing in non-ferrous metal exploitation and/or non-ferrous metal metallurgy) through the grid (specification of grid, can be that aperture is the grid of 1.5～10mm preferably) remove by filter after solid substance (being solids), add alkali to regulate pH to 8～9, be uniformly mixed, (heavy metal ion generally mainly contains Cd to refilter, remove heavy metal ion a large amount of in mining and metallurgy waste water
6+, Cr
6+, Cr
3+, Hg
2+, Pb
2+, Zn
2+, Cu
2+or/and Ag
+) throw out that generates with alkali reaction, and be preferably and make each concentration of heavy metal ion in mining and metallurgy waste water lower than 100 mg/litre (mg/L) (realizing reduction heavy metal ions in wastewater concentration thereby metal ion and alkali effect can generate rapidly precipitation), obtain the mining and metallurgy waste water after precipitation;
B, analyze heavy metal total mass in the mining and metallurgy waste water after precipitation (get waste water carry out heavy metal kind with and content analysis, can obtain heavy metal total mass, such as taking atomic absorption spectrum etc.), in mining and metallurgy waste water after precipitation, adding 1～100 times of particle diameter of heavy metal total mass is the useless tea bits of 50～200 objects, adding acid for adjusting pH value is 3～7, be uniformly mixed 30～120 minutes, obtain mixed solution;
C, mixed solution is proceeded to the second-order separation pond, in every liter of (L) mixed solution, add the ratio of 0～2 milliliter of (ml) flocculation agent to add flocculation agent, be uniformly mixed after 5～10 minutes (min), standing 30～60 minutes, obtain the mixed solution after precipitation;
Described flocculation agent is that concentration is the aqueous solution of the anionic polyacrylamide of 1 grams per liter (g/L);
D, the supernatant liquid of mixed solution after precipitation is overflowed to (can enter sterilization pool after again) reuse or discharge; Lower floor's mud through precipitation, mechanical dehydration, discard or recycle (heavy metal wherein), thereby realize the processing of low-cost mining and metallurgy waste water.
Embodiment 11～17:
Utilize useless tea bits to process a method for mining and metallurgy heavy metal wastewater thereby, comprise the following steps:
(mining and metallurgy waste water is mining and metallurgy heavy metal wastewater thereby for a, mining and metallurgy waste water, the waste water producing in non-ferrous metal exploitation and/or non-ferrous metal metallurgy) through the grid (specification of grid, can be that aperture is the grid of 1.5～10mm preferably) remove by filter after solid substance (being solids), add alkali to regulate pH to 8～9, be uniformly mixed, (heavy metal ion generally mainly contains Cd to refilter, remove heavy metal ion a large amount of in mining and metallurgy waste water
6+, Cr
6+, Cr
3+, Hg
2+, Pb
2+, Zn
2+, Cu
2+or/and Ag
+) throw out that generates with alkali reaction, and be preferably and make each concentration of heavy metal ion in mining and metallurgy waste water lower than 100 mg/litre (mg/L) (realizing reduction heavy metal ions in wastewater concentration thereby metal ion and alkali effect can generate rapidly precipitation), obtain the mining and metallurgy waste water after precipitation;
B, analyze heavy metal total mass in the mining and metallurgy waste water after precipitation (get waste water carry out heavy metal kind with and content analysis, can obtain heavy metal total mass, such as taking atomic absorption spectrum etc.), in mining and metallurgy waste water after precipitation, adding 1～100 times of heavy metal total mass (embodiment 11～17 can be respectively 5,20,40,55,65,80,95 times) particle diameter is the useless tea bits of 50～200 objects, adding acid for adjusting pH value is 3～7, be uniformly mixed 30～120 minutes, obtain mixed solution;
C, mixed solution is proceeded to the second-order separation pond, in every liter of (L) mixed solution, add the ratio of 0～2 milliliter (ml) (embodiment 11～17 can be respectively 0.3,0.5,0.8,2,1.2,1.5,1.7,1.9 milliliter) flocculation agent to add flocculation agent, be uniformly mixed after 5～10 minutes (min), standing 30～60 minutes, obtain the mixed solution after precipitation;
Described flocculation agent is that concentration is the aqueous solution of the anionic polyacrylamide of 1 grams per liter (g/L);
D, the supernatant liquid of mixed solution after precipitation is overflowed to (can enter sterilization pool after again) reuse or discharge; Lower floor's mud through precipitation, mechanical dehydration, discard or recycle (heavy metal wherein), thereby realize the processing of low-cost mining and metallurgy waste water.
In above-described embodiment: alkali described in step a can be MgO, NaOH, KOH or Ca (OH)
2deng, be preferably the aqueous solution of described alkali.
In above-described embodiment: acid described in step b can be hydrochloric acid (being the HCl aqueous solution), be preferably mass percent concentration and be 5～25% dilute hydrochloric acid.
In above-described embodiment: the molecular weight of anionic polyacrylamide described in step c is 1200～3,600 ten thousand preferably, is water miscible high molecular polymer, is mainly used in the flocculating settling of various trade effluents, precipitation clarifying treatment; White particle, odorless is nontoxic; Manufacturing enterprise has: the prosperous photoinitiator chemical in Hebei, North China chemical industry, Mitsui chemical industry etc.
In above-described embodiment: grid described in step a is preferably the grid that aperture is 1.5～10mm.
In above-described embodiment: a large amount of secondary tea that the tea making of Fei Chaxieshi described in step b factory produces in processing tea raw material process, thick old stalk leaf and/or tea ash etc.; The kind of tea can be green tea, black tea, oolong tea, white tea, yellow tea, black tea etc.The useless tea bits that add contain abundant tea polyphenols material, under suitable pH value with mining and metallurgy waste water in complex generation tea-polyphenol-heavy metal precipitation.
In above-described embodiment: the waste water of mining and metallurgy described in step a is that (being mining and metallurgy heavy metal wastewater thereby) is the waste water producing in non-ferrous metal exploitation and/or non-ferrous metal metallurgy.
In above-described embodiment: each raw material adopting is commercially available prod.
In above-described embodiment: in the percentage adopting, do not indicate especially, be quality (weight) percentage; Described quality (weight) part can be all gram or kilogram.
In above-described embodiment: the processing parameter in each step and each amounts of components numerical value etc. are scope, and any point is all applicable.
The not concrete same prior art of technology contents of narrating in content of the present invention and above-described embodiment.
The invention is not restricted to above-described embodiment, all can implement and have described good result described in content of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. utilize useless tea bits to process a method for mining and metallurgy heavy metal wastewater thereby, it is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
A, mining and metallurgy waste water, after grid filtration is removed solid substance, add alkali to regulate pH to 8～9, are uniformly mixed, and refilter, remove the throw out in mining and metallurgy waste water, obtain the mining and metallurgy waste water after precipitation;
Heavy metal total mass in mining and metallurgy waste water after b, analysis precipitation, in the mining and metallurgy waste water after precipitation, adding 1～100 times of particle diameter of heavy metal total mass is the useless tea bits of 50～200 objects, adding acid for adjusting pH value is 3～7, is uniformly mixed 30～120 minutes, obtains mixed solution;
C, mixed solution is proceeded to the second-order separation pond, in every liter of mixed solution, add the ratio of 0～2 milliliter of flocculation agent to add flocculation agent, be uniformly mixed after 5～10 minutes, standing 30～60 minutes, obtain the mixed solution after precipitation;
Described flocculation agent is that concentration is the aqueous solution of the anionic polyacrylamide of 1 grams per liter;
D, the supernatant liquid of mixed solution after precipitation is overflowed to reuse or discharge.
2. by utilizing useless tea bits to process the method for mining and metallurgy heavy metal wastewater thereby described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described in step c, in every liter of mixed solution, add the ratio of 0～2 milliliter of flocculation agent to add flocculation agent to replace with: in every liter of mixed solution, add the ratio of 0.1～2 milliliter of flocculation agent to add flocculation agent.
3. by utilizing useless tea bits to process the method for mining and metallurgy heavy metal wastewater thereby described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: alkali described in step a is MgO, NaOH, KOH or Ca (OH)
2.
4. by utilizing useless tea bits to process the method for mining and metallurgy heavy metal wastewater thereby described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: acid described in step b is hydrochloric acid.
5. by utilizing useless tea bits to process the method for mining and metallurgy heavy metal wastewater thereby described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: the molecular weight of anionic polyacrylamide described in step c is 1200～36,000,000.
6. by utilizing useless tea bits to process the method for mining and metallurgy heavy metal wastewater thereby described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: grid described in step a is that aperture is the grid of 1.5～10mm.
7. by utilizing useless tea bits to process the method for mining and metallurgy heavy metal wastewater thereby described in claim 5, it is characterized in that: grid described in step a is that aperture is the grid of 1.5～10mm.
8. by utilizing useless tea bits to process the method for mining and metallurgy heavy metal wastewater thereby described in claim 1,2 or 7, it is characterized in that: the secondary tea that the tea making of Fei Chaxieshi described in step b factory produces in processing tea raw material process, thick old stalk leaf and/or tea ash.
9. by utilizing useless tea bits to process the method for mining and metallurgy heavy metal wastewater thereby described in claim 5, it is characterized in that: the secondary tea that the tea making of Fei Chaxieshi described in step b factory produces in processing tea raw material process, thick old stalk leaf and/or tea ash.
10. by utilizing useless tea bits to process the method for mining and metallurgy heavy metal wastewater thereby described in claim 1,2,7 or 9, it is characterized in that: the waste water of mining and metallurgy described in step a is the waste water producing in non-ferrous metal exploitation and/or non-ferrous metal metallurgy.
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