CN103595461A - Super-large scale VSAT system frame structure and resource allocation method - Google Patents
Super-large scale VSAT system frame structure and resource allocation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a super-large scale VSAT system frame structure and a resource allocation method. As for a large-scale broadband satellite communication network formed by integrating a VSAT system and other external networks, a signaling interactive process in integration of the VSAT system and the external networks is considered, and control signals are transmitted in different modes for adequate original frequency band resources and inadequate original frequency band resources; when the resources are adequate, signaling time slots are divided from service time slots and used for signaling interaction between small stations of the VSAT system and the external networks; when the resources are inadequate, dedicated frequency bands divided from wireless resources are increased, and unit time slots of the dedicated frequency bands are used for signaling interaction between the small stations of the VSAT system and the external networks; wasting of resources is avoided, system capacity is improved, transmission efficiency of the system is further promoted, and timeliness and stability of transmission of the control signals under the circumstance that the large-scale small stations have access to the system are guaranteed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of ultra-large VSAT system frame structure and resource allocation methods, belong to technical field of satellite communication.
Background technology
At present, small-scale VSAT(Very Small Aperture Terminal) systems technology is very ripe, and the variation along with the broadband and business demand of network, make satellite communication system can carry multiple multimedia service, as video conference, VoIP, video calling, web browsing, FTP download etc., VSAT satellite communication system is just from traditional small-scale narrowband data communication application, to the extensive wide band multi-business satellite network development of a merges telecommunication, broadcast, computer.Therefore, satellite and ground system combination technology will be paid attention to, and will be used widely.
In DVB-RCS agreement, stipulated the component units (frame, time slot) of superframe, but the division of not stipulating concrete frame structure and time slot.And the design for VSAT system frame structure is all also only for traditional VSAT system at present, control signal time slot mutual while not considering VSAT system and other network interconnection is divided, mutual signaling byte is less, when system scale increases, if adopt traditional business time-slot to transmit mutual control signal, will produce the wasting of resources, power system capacity is reduced, thereby cause the decline of efficiency of transmission.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the above-mentioned deficiency of prior art, a kind of ultra-large VSAT system frame structure and resource allocation methods are provided, the method is the sufficient and inadequate two kinds of situations of resource for resource, take different mode control channels, thereby avoid producing wasting of resources situation, saved system resource, improved power system capacity, greatly improve system efficiency of transmission, and ensured real-time and the stability of control signal transmission in extensive small station access situation.
Above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is mainly achieved by following technical solution:
A kind of ultra-large VSAT system frame structure, described ultra-large VSAT system is VSAT system and the interconnected formation of external network, it is characterized in that: when the former band radio resource of VSAT system is sufficient, the frame structure of described ultra-large VSAT system is comprised of several superframes, described superframe is comprised of some frames, described frame is comprised of some time slots, from the business time-slot of described time slot, mark off the signalling time slot, signalling time slot is comprised of some unit time slot, and small station and the external network of signalling time slot for VSAT system carries out Signalling exchange; When the former band radio resource of VSAT system is inadequate, described ultra-large VSAT system frame structure comprises the frame structure of former frequency band and frame structure two parts of special-purpose frequency range, the frame structure of described former frequency band is comprised of several superframes, described superframe is comprised of some frames, described frame is comprised of some time slots, described special-purpose frequency range is divided out from Radio Resource, frame structure in special-purpose frequency range is comprised of some unit time slot, and unit time slot only carries out Signalling exchange for small station and the external network of VSAT system.
In above-mentioned ultra-large VSAT system frame structure, time slot is except business time-slot, also comprise login time slots, request time slot and synchronization slot, wherein logging in time slot sends when login signaling CSC logins and uses for small station, request time slot is corresponding with login time slots, sends login respond signaling ACQ for small station; Synchronization slot sends synchronous signaling SYNC for small station and keeps synchronizeing with main website; Business time-slot is for small station service data transmission TRF.
A resource allocation methods for ultra-large VSAT system frame structure, specifically comprises the steps:
Each small station ，Bing Yu main website of access main website of step (), VSAT system keeps synchronous;
Step (two), when small station and main website carry out business transmission, the business time-slot and the main website that according to main website, distribute carry out business transmission;
Step (three), when small station and external network carry out business transmission, first small station and external network carry out Signalling exchange, concrete steps are as follows;
(1), small station identifies carrying out mutual signaling size, and by synchronous signaling, described ident value is sent to main website, main website receives after ident value, whether the Radio Resource that judges VSAT system is sufficient, if Radio Resource is sufficient, enter step (2), if Radio Resource is inadequate, enter step (3);
(2) ident value that, main website basis receives calculates described small station and external network carries out the required unit number of time slots of signalling interactive process, and from business time-slot, mark off the signalling time slot, in the signalling time slot, be the unit time slot that corresponding number is distributed in described small station, enter step (4); After the signalling interactive process of small station and external network finishes, the information exchange that Signalling exchange is finished in small station is crossed synchronous signaling and is sent to main website, when main website receives the information Shi， main website that Signalling exchange that all small stations send finishes, regain the described signalling time slot, revert to business time-slot;
(3), according to receiving, ident value calculates described small station and external network carries out the required unit number of time slots of signalling interactive process in main website, and mark off dedicated frequency band from system wireless resource, in special-purpose frequency range, be the unit time slot that corresponding number is distributed in described small station, enter step (4); After the signalling interactive process of small station and external network finishes, the information exchange that Signalling exchange is finished in small station is crossed synchronous signaling and is sent to main website, when main website receives the information Shi， main website that Signalling exchange that all small stations send finishes, regain described dedicated frequency band, be not used further to signalling interactive process;
(4), small station obtains, after the unit time slot of main website distribution, on described frequency band, carrying out Signalling exchange with external network;
Business time-slot and main website that step (four), small station are distributed according to main website carry out business transmission, and main website is transmitted to external network by the business datum receiving from small station.
In the resource allocation methods of above-mentioned ultra-large VSAT system frame structure, small station sends synchronous signaling by periodicity and keeps synchronizeing with main website, if transmit mutual signaling, according to the size of mutual signaling, identify, and ident value is write to synchronous signaling, if do not transmit mutual signaling, ident value is made as to 0 and writes synchronous signaling.
In the resource allocation methods of above-mentioned ultra-large VSAT system frame structure, (2) of step (three), (3) if in the signalling time slot be assigned with completely, application enters Signalling exchange loitering phase with the small station that external network carries out Signalling exchange again, and divide according to small station priority, be that the small station that priority is high preferentially enters the Signalling exchange stage, and the required signalling time slot of priority allocation Signalling exchange.
In the resource allocation methods of above-mentioned ultra-large VSAT system frame structure, each small station ，Bing Yu main website of access main website of VSAT system keeps synchronous concrete grammar as follows in step ():
Each small station of VSAT system sends to the main website of VSAT system the request that logs in by login time slots, main website receives logging in after demand signalling as request time slot is distributed in described small station of small station, described small station is sent and logs in response signaling to main website by the request time slot distributing, and realizes described small station to the access of main website; The small station that has been linked into main website sends synchronous signaling by synchronization slot to main website, realizes synchronizeing of small station and main website.
In the resource allocation methods of above-mentioned ultra-large VSAT system frame structure, main website carries out resource and divides timing, between described main website and small station log in demand signalling, log in respond signaling and synchronous signaling priority the highest, secondly, the business transmission priority between small station and main website or external network is minimum for the mutual signaling priority of small station and external network.
In the resource allocation methods of above-mentioned ultra-large VSAT system frame structure, the concrete grammar that the business time-slot that step (two) middle and small stations is distributed according to main website and main website carry out business transmission is as follows:
Small station is by synchronous signaling to main website request distribution service time slot, and main website carries out business time-slot division according to the request in all small stations in the requisition cycle, and business time-slot and main website that small station is distributed according to main website carry out business transmission.
In the resource allocation methods of above-mentioned ultra-large VSAT system frame structure, main website carries out business time-slot division according to the request in all small stations in the requisition cycle according to resource allocation algorithm, and resource allocation algorithm comprises resource distribution according to need algorithm or time slot position allocation algorithm.
In the resource allocation methods of above-mentioned ultra-large VSAT system frame structure, comprise 3G core net or WiMax with the external network of VSAT system interconnect.
The present invention compared with prior art has following beneficial effect:
(1), thereby the present invention is directed to VSAT system and other external networks merges and forms large-scale wideband satellite communication network, considered signalling interactive process when VSAT system and external network merge, sufficient and inadequate two kinds of situations for former band resource, take different mode control channels, when resource is sufficient, from business time-slot, mark off the signalling time slot, small station and the external network of signalling time slot for VSAT system carries out Signalling exchange, when resource is inadequate, the special-purpose frequency range that increase marks off from Radio Resource, unit time slot in special-purpose frequency range carries out Signalling exchange for small station and the external network of VSAT system, ensured the real-time of control signal transmission in extensive small station access situation,
(2), the present invention will be by being divided into unit time slot the signalling time slot, thereby make an original business time-slot can transmit a plurality of mutual signalings, thereby avoid producing wasting of resources situation, saved system resource, improve power system capacity, greatly improved system efficiency of transmission;
(3), the present invention is when former band resource is sufficient, from business time-slot, mark off the signalling time slot, after the signalling interactive process in all small stations all finishes, to the signalling time slot revert to business time-slot, continue on for the transmission of business datum, thereby realize, dynamically utilize system resource, increase system flexibility;
(4), the present invention is according to the stability requirement of the requirement of real time of VSAT system and VSAT system, divide timing carrying out resource, take into full account priority, by the access between main website and small station and keep the signaling priority level of synchronizeing to be made as the highest, secondly be the mutual signaling with external network, finally be business transmission data, thereby can ensure periodic synchronous between small station and main website and the stability of signalling.
Accompanying drawing explanation
VSAT system frame structure schematic diagram when Fig. 1 is the former band radio resource abundance of the present invention;
Fig. 2-a is the former band radio resource of the present invention former frequency band frame structure of VSAT system schematic diagram when inadequate;
Fig. 2-b is the former band radio resource of the present invention VSAT system-specific frequency band frame structure schematic diagram when inadequate;
Fig. 3 is VSAT system of the present invention main website end allocation of radio resources flow chart.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is described in further detail:
The ultra-large VSAT system of the present invention is VSAT system and the interconnected formation of external network, is divided into the former band radio resource abundance of VSAT system and the inadequate two kinds of situations of former band radio resource.VSAT system frame structure schematic diagram while being illustrated in figure 1 the former band radio resource abundance of the present invention, when former band radio resource is sufficient, the frame structure of ultra-large VSAT system is comprised of several superframes, in Fig. 1, provided the diagram of a superframe, superframe is comprised of some frames, frame is comprised of some time slots, W
ffor the frequency range of every frame, T
ffor the time of every frame, time slot type comprises login time slots, request time slot, synchronization slot and business time-slot, from business time-slot, mark off the signalling time slot, signalling time slot is comprised of some unit time slot, small station and the external network of signalling time slot for VSAT system carries out Signalling exchange, for example in the present embodiment, two business time-slots are divided into the signalling time slot, each signalling time slot is comprised of 7 unit time slots.Wherein log in time slot and offer small station and send when login signaling CSC logins and use, login time slots adopts T in Fig. 1
cSCrepresent, signaling ACQ is responded in the transmission login corresponding with login time slots of request time slot, and request time slot adopts T in Fig. 1
aCQrepresent, synchronization slot sends synchronous signaling SYNC for small station and keeps synchronizeing with main website, and synchronization slot adopts T in Fig. 1
sYNCrepresent the corresponding synchronous signaling SYNC in a small station after synchronous, altogether M T
sYNC, business time-slot is for service data transmission TRF, and business time-slot adopts T in Fig. 1
tRFrepresent, altogether N T
tRF.
Be illustrated in figure 2 the former band radio resource of the present invention VSAT system frame structure schematic diagram when inadequate, when the former band radio resource of VSAT system is inadequate, ultra-large VSAT system frame structure is comprised of the frame structure of former frequency band and frame structure two parts of special-purpose frequency range, wherein Fig. 2-a is the former frequency band frame structure of VSAT system schematic diagram, for the transmission of CSC, ACQ, SYNC and business datum TRF; Fig. 2-b is VSAT system-specific frequency band frame structure schematic diagram, for the transmission of mutual control signal between small station and external network.The frame structure of former frequency band is comprised of several superframes, the diagram that has provided a superframe in Fig. 2-a, superframe is comprised of some frames, and frame is comprised of some time slots, time slot type comprises login time slots, request time slot, synchronization slot and business time-slot, and the implication of each time slot is identical with Fig. 1.Special-purpose frequency range is divided out from Radio Resource, and the frame structure in special-purpose frequency range is comprised of some unit time slot, and unit time slot only carries out Signalling exchange for small station and the external network of VSAT system.
The resource allocation methods that the present invention is based on ultra-large VSAT system frame structure, specifically comprises the steps:
Each small station of step (), VSAT system sends to the main website of VSAT system the request that logs in by login time slots, it is that request time slot is distributed in this small station that main website receives after logging in of small station asked, this small station is sent and logs in response signaling to main website by the request time slot distributing, thereby realizes this small station to the access of main website.
Step (two), the small station that is linked into main website send synchronous signaling by synchronization slot to main website, realize synchronizeing of small station and main website, when small station and main website carry out business transmission, enter step (seven); When small station and external network carry out business transmission, first small station and external network carry out Signalling exchange, enter step (three), are illustrated in figure 3 VSAT system of the present invention main website end allocation of radio resources flow chart.
Step (three), small station identify carrying out mutual signaling size, for example can be according to the size of mutual signaling, ident value in synchronous signaling SYNC is made as to 1,2,3,4,5 ... and by synchronous signaling, above-mentioned ident value being sent to main website, main website receives after ident value, judges that whether the former band radio resource of VSAT system is sufficient, if Radio Resource is sufficient, enter step (four), if Radio Resource is inadequate, enter step (five).
Step (four), main website calculate this small station according to the ident value receiving and external network carries out the required unit number of time slots of signalling interactive process, and divide the signalling time slot from business time-slot, the ident value that for example main website receives is 5, in the signalling time slot, distribute 5 unit time slots for the Signalling exchange in this small station, enter step (six).The signalling time slot marking off before the signalling interactive process of small station and external network finishes all the time for Signalling exchange.After the signalling interactive process of small station and external network finishes, the information exchange that Signalling exchange is finished in small station is crossed synchronous signaling and is sent to main website, during information that the Signalling exchange that all small stations that receive when main website send finishes, main website regains this signalling time slot, revert to business time-slot, for example, by the ident value in synchronous signaling SYNC being made as to 0 expression Signalling exchange ending message.
If the signalling time slot is assigned with completely, application enters Signalling exchange loitering phase with the small station that external network carries out Signalling exchange again, and divide according to small station priority, the small station that priority is high preferentially enters the Signalling exchange stage, and the required signalling time slot of priority allocation Signalling exchange.
Step (five), the frequency hopping of carrying out, according to receiving, ident value calculates this small station and external network carries out the required unit number of time slots of signalling interactive process in main website, and mark off dedicated frequency band from system wireless resource, in special-purpose frequency range, for this small station, distribute the unit time slot of corresponding number, enter step (six); The ident value that for example main website receives is 3, in special-purpose frequency range, distributes 3 unit time slots for the Signalling exchange in this small station.After the signalling interactive process of small station and external network finishes, the information exchange that Signalling exchange is finished in small station is crossed synchronous signaling and is sent to main website, during information that the Signalling exchange that this small station receiving when main website sends finishes, main website regains dedicated frequency band, not being used further to signaling crosses mutual Cheng，Qie main website and skips back to former frequency band; For example, by the ident value in synchronous signaling SYNC being made as to 0 expression Signalling exchange ending message.
If the signalling time slot is assigned with completely, application enters Signalling exchange loitering phase with the small station that external network carries out Signalling exchange again, and divide according to small station priority, the small station that priority is high preferentially enters the Signalling exchange stage, and the required signalling time slot of priority allocation Signalling exchange.
Step (six), small station obtain, after the unit time slot of main website distribution, carrying out Signalling exchange with external network, enter step (eight) after completing alternately;
Step (seven), small station by synchronous signaling to main website request distribution service time slot, main website carries out business time-slot division according to the request in all small stations in the requisition cycle according to resource allocation algorithm, and business time-slot and main website that small station is distributed according to main website carry out business transmission; Resource allocation algorithm comprises resource distribution according to need algorithm or time slot position allocation algorithm etc.
Step (eight), small station by synchronous signaling to main website request distribution service time slot, main website carries out business time-slot division according to the request in all small stations in the requisition cycle according to resource allocation algorithm, business time-slot and main website that small station is distributed according to main website carry out business transmission, and main website is transmitted to external network by the business datum receiving from small station.The same step of resource allocation algorithm (seven).
Above-mentioned main website carries out resource and divides timing, the synchronous signaling priority that logs in demand signalling, logs in response signaling and step (two) between main website in step () and small station is the highest, secondly, the business transmission priority between small station and main website or external network is minimum for the mutual signaling priority of small station and external network.
In the present invention, comprise 3G core net, WiMax etc. with the external network of VSAT system interconnect.
The present invention is by being divided into unit time slot the signalling time slot, thereby makes an original business time-slot can transmit a plurality of mutual signalings, avoided wasting of resources situation.In original frame structure, a business time-slot can transmit the data of 188 bytes, and minimum mutual signaling only has several bytes, and when terminal station scale increases, signalling interactive process is frequent, if transmit a mutual signaling by original business time-slot, can waste uplink resource, by being divided into unit time slot the signalling time slot, can be according to the size of mutual signaling, the time slot of the mutual signaling of dynamic assignment, a plurality of mutual signalings send by an original business time-slot, take full advantage of the resource of up link, improved power system capacity, greatly improved system efficiency of transmission.
The above; only be the embodiment of the best of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this, is anyly familiar with in technical scope that those skilled in the art disclose in the present invention; the variation that can expect easily or replacement, within all should being encompassed in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a ultra-large VSAT system frame structure, described ultra-large VSAT system is VSAT system and the interconnected formation of external network, it is characterized in that: when the former band radio resource of VSAT system is sufficient, the frame structure of described ultra-large VSAT system is comprised of several superframes, described superframe is comprised of some frames, described frame is comprised of some time slots, from the business time-slot of described time slot, mark off the signalling time slot, signalling time slot is comprised of some unit time slot, and small station and the external network of signalling time slot for VSAT system carries out Signalling exchange; When the former band radio resource of VSAT system is inadequate, described ultra-large VSAT system frame structure comprises the frame structure of former frequency band and frame structure two parts of special-purpose frequency range, the frame structure of described former frequency band is comprised of several superframes, described superframe is comprised of some frames, described frame is comprised of some time slots, described special-purpose frequency range is divided out from Radio Resource, frame structure in special-purpose frequency range is comprised of some unit time slot, and unit time slot only carries out Signalling exchange for small station and the external network of VSAT system.
2. a kind of ultra-large VSAT system frame structure according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described time slot is except business time-slot, also comprise login time slots, request time slot and synchronization slot, wherein logging in time slot sends when login signaling CSC logins and uses for small station, request time slot is corresponding with login time slots, sends login respond signaling ACQ for small station; Synchronization slot sends synchronous signaling SYNC for small station and keeps synchronizeing with main website; Business time-slot is for small station service data transmission TRF.
3. the resource allocation methods of a kind of ultra-large VSAT system frame structure according to claim 1, is characterized in that: specifically comprise the steps:
Each small station ，Bing Yu main website of access main website of step (), VSAT system keeps synchronous;
Step (two), when small station and main website carry out business transmission, the business time-slot and the main website that according to main website, distribute carry out business transmission;
Step (three), when small station and external network carry out business transmission, first small station and external network carry out Signalling exchange, concrete steps are as follows;
(1), small station identifies carrying out mutual signaling size, and by synchronous signaling, described ident value is sent to main website, main website receives after ident value, whether the Radio Resource that judges VSAT system is sufficient, if Radio Resource is sufficient, enter step (2), if Radio Resource is inadequate, enter step (3);
(2) ident value that, main website basis receives calculates described small station and external network carries out the required unit number of time slots of signalling interactive process, and from business time-slot, mark off the signalling time slot, in the signalling time slot, be the unit time slot that corresponding number is distributed in described small station, enter step (4); After the signalling interactive process of small station and external network finishes, the information exchange that Signalling exchange is finished in small station is crossed synchronous signaling and is sent to main website, when main website receives the information Shi， main website that Signalling exchange that all small stations send finishes, regain the described signalling time slot, revert to business time-slot;
(3), according to receiving, ident value calculates described small station and external network carries out the required unit number of time slots of signalling interactive process in main website, and mark off dedicated frequency band from system wireless resource, in special-purpose frequency range, be the unit time slot that corresponding number is distributed in described small station, enter step (4); After the signalling interactive process of small station and external network finishes, the information exchange that Signalling exchange is finished in small station is crossed synchronous signaling and is sent to main website, when main website receives the information Shi， main website that Signalling exchange that all small stations send finishes, regain described dedicated frequency band, be not used further to signalling interactive process;
(4), small station obtains, after the unit time slot of main website distribution, on described frequency band, carrying out Signalling exchange with external network;
Business time-slot and main website that step (four), small station are distributed according to main website carry out business transmission, and main website is transmitted to external network by the business datum receiving from small station.
4. the resource allocation methods of a kind of ultra-large VSAT system frame structure according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: described small station sends synchronous signaling by periodicity and keeps synchronizeing with main website, if transmit mutual signaling, according to the size of mutual signaling, identify, and ident value is write to synchronous signaling, if do not transmit mutual signaling, ident value is made as to 0 and writes synchronous signaling.
5. the resource allocation methods of a kind of ultra-large VSAT system frame structure according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: (2) of described step (three), (3) if in the signalling time slot be assigned with completely, application enters Signalling exchange loitering phase with the small station that external network carries out Signalling exchange again, and divide according to small station priority, be that the small station that priority is high preferentially enters the Signalling exchange stage, and the required signalling time slot of priority allocation Signalling exchange.
6. the resource allocation methods of a kind of ultra-large VSAT system frame structure according to claim 3, is characterized in that: in described step (), each small station ，Bing Yu main website of access main website of VSAT system keeps synchronous concrete grammar as follows:
Each small station of VSAT system sends to the main website of VSAT system the request that logs in by login time slots, main website receives logging in after demand signalling as request time slot is distributed in described small station of small station, described small station is sent and logs in response signaling to main website by the request time slot distributing, and realizes described small station to the access of main website; The small station that has been linked into main website sends synchronous signaling by synchronization slot to main website, realizes synchronizeing of small station and main website.
7. the resource allocation methods of a kind of ultra-large VSAT system frame structure according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: main website carries out resource and divides timing, between described main website and small station log in demand signalling, log in respond signaling and synchronous signaling priority the highest, secondly, the business transmission priority between small station and main website or external network is minimum for the mutual signaling priority of small station and external network.
8. the resource allocation methods of a kind of ultra-large VSAT system frame structure according to claim 3, is characterized in that: the concrete grammar that the business time-slot that described step (two) middle and small stations is distributed according to main website and main website carry out business transmission is as follows:
Small station is by synchronous signaling to main website request distribution service time slot, and main website carries out business time-slot division according to the request in all small stations in the requisition cycle, and business time-slot and main website that small station is distributed according to main website carry out business transmission.
9. the resource allocation methods of a kind of ultra-large VSAT system frame structure according to claim 8, it is characterized in that: described main website carries out business time-slot division according to the request in all small stations in the requisition cycle according to resource allocation algorithm, resource allocation algorithm comprises resource distribution according to need algorithm or time slot position allocation algorithm.
10. according to the resource allocation methods of a kind of ultra-large VSAT system frame structure described in the arbitrary claim of claim 1-9, it is characterized in that: described and external network VSAT system interconnect comprises 3G core net or WiMax.
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| CN111475301A (en) * | 2020-04-09 | 2020-07-31 | 清华大学 | Satellite resource allocation method and device and electronic equipment |
| CN114884564A (en) * | 2022-05-20 | 2022-08-09 | 成都中科微信息技术研究院有限公司 | Improved superframe sequence distribution method based on DVB-RCS2 protocol and communication system |
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| CN114884564A (en) * | 2022-05-20 | 2022-08-09 | 成都中科微信息技术研究院有限公司 | Improved superframe sequence distribution method based on DVB-RCS2 protocol and communication system |
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| CN103595461B (en) | 2016-08-24 |
| WO2015054944A1 (en) | 2015-04-23 |
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