CN103592231A - Method for determining nitrogen content in tea leaves - Google Patents
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- CN103592231A CN103592231A CN201310532354.6A CN201310532354A CN103592231A CN 103592231 A CN103592231 A CN 103592231A CN 201310532354 A CN201310532354 A CN 201310532354A CN 103592231 A CN103592231 A CN 103592231A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for determining the nitrogen content in tea leaves. The method comprises the steps of: (1) acquiring single-band spectral images of to-be-determined tea leaves at 15 characteristic wavelengths, i.e. 400nm, 405nm, 416nm, 447nm, 499nm, 517nm, 553nm, 626nm, 639nm, 647nm, 683nm, 695nm, 796nm, 916nm, and 990nm; (2) according to the linear relation between gray values of the single-band spectral images and reflectivity, converting the single-band spectral images in step (1) into reflectivity images; and (3) calculating the nitrogen content of each pixel point in the reflectivity images of the tea leaves according to a formula. The method provided by the invention can perform rapid quantitative and positioning detection of nitrogen content in various tea leaves distributed in the space simultaneously.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Tea Processing detection field, be specifically related to the assay method of nitrogen content in a kind of tealeaves blade.
Background technology
Nitrogen is one of three essential large nutrients of growth and development of plants, and in all essential nutrient elements, nitrogen is the primary factor of limiting plant growth and output, and it also has obvious effect to improving product quality.
Tea tree is that leaf is used crop, demand to nitrogen is large, nitrogen stress often becomes tealeaves high yield, high-quality, efficient limiting factor, so it is significant for the yield and quality that improves tealeaves to detect fast and effectively tealeaves nitrogen content, loaded down with trivial details, the consuming time amount of testing process of traditional plant nitrogen measuring method is large, consume a large amount of chemical reagent, can only carry out in laboratory, cannot meet the requirement that field is effectively measured fast.
Publication number be CN101382488A disclosure of the invention the method for the fresh leaf nitrogen content of a kind of Visible-to-Near InfaRed diffuse reflection spectrum technology for detection tea, first utilize portable radiant light spectrometer, within the scope of 350～2500NM, directly obtain the fresh leaf surface of the canopy tea spectrum information that diffuses, at the fresh leaf nitrogen content of the indoor national standard method Accurate Measurement tea of experiment, relative value in field with fresh leaf nitrogen contents of Fast Measurement tea such as chlorophyll meters, then adopt chemometrics method to set up the fresh leaf nitrogen content of tea calibration model, finally based on this model, the nitrogen content of the fresh leaf sample of tea to be measured is detected or estimated.
This invention can obtain the nitrogen content of tealeaves fast, but can not obtain the space distribution information of nitrogen content.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides the assay method of nitrogen content in a kind of tealeaves blade, not only can can't harm fast detecting to tealeaves nitrogen content, but also can access the distributed intelligence of tea leaf surface nitrogen, the space nitrogen content that is particularly useful for the canopy of the large area tea tree of plantation in tea place distributes and detects.
An assay method for nitrogen content in tealeaves blade, comprises the following steps:
(1) gather tealeaves blade to be measured at the single band spectrum picture of 15 characteristic wave strong points; Described 15 characteristic wavelengths are respectively 400nm, 405nm, 416nm, 447nm, 499nm, 517nm, 553nm, 626nm, 639nm, 647nm, 683nm, 695nm, 796nm, 916nm, 990nm;
(2) according to the linear relationship of gray-scale value and the reflectivity of single band spectrum picture, the single band spectrum picture in step (1) is converted into albedo image;
(3) according to following formula, calculate the nitrogen content of each pixel in the albedo image of tealeaves blade;
Y
nitrogen content=2.931851-33.049 λ
400+ 1.726 λ
405+ 205.868 λ
416-251.196 λ
447+ 187.489 λ
499-100.825 λ
517+ 58.643 λ
553-94.710 λ
626-41.981 λ
639+ 64.544 λ
647+ 6.999 λ
683-3.585 λ
695+ 24.168 λ
796-11.134 λ
916-14.435 λ
990
In formula: λ
arepresent in the albedo image of a nm characteristic wave strong point the reflectivity of a certain pixel;
Y
nitrogen contentrepresent the nitrogen content at respective pixel point place.
As preferably, in described step (2), the obtaining step of the gray-scale value of single band spectrum picture and the linear relationship of reflectivity is as follows:
2-1, gather at least three diffuse reflection on-gauge plates at the benchmark single band spectrum picture of 15 characteristic wave strong points, ask for the gray-scale value of every width benchmark single band image, within the scope of visible and near infrared spectrum, the diffuse reflection on-gauge plate adopting has constant separately reflectivity; Different diffuse reflection on-gauge plates have different reflectivity;
2-2, for each characteristic wavelength, the gray-scale value of corresponding benchmark single band image and reflectivity are carried out to linear fit, obtain the linear relationship of gray-scale value and reflectivity.
As preferably, described diffuse reflection on-gauge plate is three～six.
In each characteristic wave strong point, every diffuse reflection on-gauge plate is a corresponding width single band image separately, the corresponding gray-scale value of every width single band image, and the gray-scale value of diffuse reflection on-gauge plate of take is independent variable, take reflectivity as dependent variable, and linear fit obtains the relation of gray-scale value and reflectivity.
The number of diffuse reflection on-gauge plate is more, the gray-scale value that linear fit obtains and the relation of reflectivity are more accurate, corresponding consuming time also longer, preferably, described diffuse reflection on-gauge plate is three, is respectively 99% diffuse reflection on-gauge plate, 75% diffuse reflection on-gauge plate and 2% diffuse reflection on-gauge plate.
99% diffuse reflection on-gauge plate refers to: within the scope of whole visible and near infrared spectrum, the reflectivity of diffuse reflection on-gauge plate is 99%.
75% diffuse reflection on-gauge plate refers to: within the scope of whole visible and near infrared spectrum, the reflectivity of diffuse reflection on-gauge plate is 75%.
2% diffuse reflection on-gauge plate refers to: within the scope of whole visible and near infrared spectrum, the reflectivity of diffuse reflection on-gauge plate is 2%.
Adopt 99% diffuse reflection on-gauge plate, 75% diffuse reflection on-gauge plate and 2% diffuse reflection on-gauge plate, at utmost contained the scope of reflectivity, make the linear relationship of the gray-scale value that obtains and reflectivity more accurate.
Adopt different diffuse reflection on-gauge plates to obtain the gray-scale value at different characteristic wavelength place and the linear relationship of reflectivity is respectively:
Y
400＝-931.0497+4.6997x
400；
Y
405＝-679.2027+3.4269x
405；
Y
416＝-361.5028+1.8231x
416；
Y
447＝-130.8442+0.6588x
447；
Y
499＝-38.4876+0.1927x
499；
Y
517＝-29.3168+0.1465x
517；
Y
553＝-17.9291+1.4314x
553；
Y
626＝-10.5268+0.0517x
626；
Y
639＝-9.8216+0.0482x
639；
Y
647＝-9.5243+0.7503x
647；
Y
683＝-8.2097+0.0403x
683；
Y
695＝-8.1036+0.0398x
695；
Y
796＝-8.4248+0.0419x
796；
Y
916＝-17.4853+0.0871x
916；
Y
990＝-56.0875+0.2808x
990；
In formula: x
bgray-scale value for b nm characteristic wave strong point;
Y
breflectivity for b nm characteristic wave strong point.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following useful technique effect:
(1) simple, the inventive method utilize spectrum picture realize tealeaves nitrogen content quantitatively and positioning analysis, this detection is without directly contacting with sample, be nondestructive measurement completely, and the computing method of operating process and nitrogen content is simple.
(2) quick, the method that the present invention proposes is based on spectrum picture, and spectrum picture gatherer process is quick, and the spectrum picture acquisition time of a sample is less than 10 seconds, need the loaded down with trivial details detection operating process of at least 1 hour to compare with traditional nitrogen content detection method, detection speed is accelerated greatly.
(3) efficient, the method that the present invention proposes can realize the quantitative and detection and localization of tealeaves nitrogen content simultaneously, the detection of each position tealeaves nitrogen content in can implementation space, detects when being particularly useful for the different tealeaves nitrogen content of canopy space distribution in tea place.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the single band spectrum picture of the tealeaves at the different characteristic wavelength place measured in embodiment 1 in the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the reflectivity of three diffuse reflection on-gauge plates and the graph of a relation of wavelength;
Fig. 3 is that three diffuse reflection on-gauge plates are at the single band spectrum picture at different characteristic wavelength place;
Fig. 4 is that three diffuse reflection on-gauge plates are at the gray-scale value at different characteristic wavelength place and the graph of a relation of wavelength;
Fig. 5 is the reflectivity at wavelength 553nm place and the linear relationship of gray-scale value;
Fig. 6 is the reflectivity at wavelength 647nm place and the linear relationship of gray-scale value;
Fig. 7 is nitrogen content distribution plan in tealeaves blade;
Fig. 8 is the prediction nitrogen content of 96 tealeaves blades and the graph of a relation of true nitrogen content of measuring in embodiment 1;
Fig. 9 is the prediction nitrogen content of 96 tealeaves blades and the graph of a relation of true nitrogen content of measuring in comparative example 1;
Figure 10 is the prediction nitrogen content of 96 tealeaves blades and the graph of a relation of true nitrogen content of measuring in comparative example 2.
Embodiment
First collect 96 tealeaves blades, sample comprises Longjing Changye, Guangdong narcissus, purple bamboo shoot, eriocheir sinensis, five kind tealeaves of Dragon Well tea, first adopt high spectrum image imaging system (ImSpector V10E, Spectral Imaging Ltd., Oulu, Finland) scan respectively each tealeaves blade at the single band spectrum picture of 15 characteristic wave strong points; 15 characteristic wavelengths are respectively 400nm, 405nm, 416nm, 447nm, 499nm, 517nm, 553nm, 626nm, 639nm, 647nm, 683nm, 695nm, 796nm, 916nm, 990nm; The corresponding width single band spectrum picture in each wavelength place, as shown in Figure 1, then adopts National Standard Method to measure the nitrogen content in these 96 tealeaves blades, and in tealeaves blade, the statistics of nitrogen content is as shown in table 1.
Table 1
Linear relationship according to gray-scale value and the reflectivity of single band spectrum picture, is converted into albedo image by each tealeaves blade at the single band spectrum picture of 15 characteristic wave strong points.
The obtaining step of the gray-scale value of single band spectrum picture and the linear relationship of reflectivity is as follows:
2-1, gather three diffuse reflection on-gauge plates at the benchmark single band spectrum picture of 15 characteristic wave strong points, ask for the gray-scale value of every width benchmark single band image, within the scope of whole visible and near infrared spectrum, the diffuse reflection on-gauge plate adopting the respectively reflectivity of correspondence is 99%, 75% and 2%.
As shown in Figure 2, three diffuse reflection on-gauge plates reflectance curve within the scope of whole visible and near infrared spectrum, in Fig. 2, can find out, the diffuse reflection within the scope of whole visible and near infrared spectrum of three diffuse reflection on-gauge plates is stable, for each piece diffuse reflection on-gauge plate, all identical at the reflectivity at all wavelengths place.
As shown in Figure 3, in each characteristic wave strong point, gather the benchmark single band spectrum picture of the diffuse reflection on-gauge plate with different reflectivity, in Fig. 3, the diffuse reflection on-gauge plate that the corresponding reflectivity of R99 is 99%; The diffuse reflection on-gauge plate that the corresponding reflectivity of R75 is 75%; The diffuse reflection on-gauge plate that the corresponding reflectivity of R02 is 2%.
The corresponding gray-scale value of each width benchmark single band spectrum picture, as shown in Figure 4, three gray-scale values of each characteristic wave strong point from left to right successively corresponding reflectivity be the benchmark single band spectrum picture of 99%, 75% and 2% diffuse reflection on-gauge plate.
2-2, for each characteristic wavelength, the gray-scale value of corresponding benchmark single band image and reflectivity are carried out to linear fit, obtain the linear relationship of gray-scale value and reflectivity.
For each characteristic wavelength, there are corresponding three groups of gray-scale values and reflectance value, these three groups of gray-scale values and reflectance value are carried out to linear fit, obtain the linear relationship of gray-scale value and reflectance value.
For example, wavelength be the gray-scale value at 553nm place and the linear relationship of reflectivity as shown in Figure 5, wavelength be the gray-scale value at 647nm place and the linear relationship of reflectivity as shown in Figure 6, in Fig. 5, Fig. 6, the diffuse reflection on-gauge plate that the corresponding reflectivity of R99 is 99%; The diffuse reflection on-gauge plate that the corresponding reflectivity of R75 is 75%; The diffuse reflection on-gauge plate that the corresponding reflectivity of R2 is 2%.
The gray-scale value at the different characteristic wavelength place setting up and the linear relationship of reflectivity are respectively:
Y
400＝-931.0497+4.6997x
400；
Y
405＝-679.2027+3.4269x
405；
Y
416＝-361.5028+1.8231x
416；
Y
447＝-130.8442+0.6588x
447；
Y
499＝-38.4876+0.1927x
499；
Y
517＝-29.3168+0.1465x
517；
Y
553＝-17.9291+1.4314x
553；
Y
626＝-10.5268+0.0517x
626；
Y
639＝-9.8216+0.0482x
639；
Y
647＝-9.5243+0.7503x
647；
Y
683＝-8.2097+0.0403x
683；
Y
695＝-8.1036+0.0398x
695；
Y
796＝-8.4248+0.0419x
796；
Y
916＝-17.4853+0.0871x
916；
Y
990＝-56.0875+0.2808x
990；
In formula: x
bgray-scale value for b nm characteristic wave strong point;
Y
breflectivity for b nm characteristic wave strong point.
Gray-scale value based on 15 characteristic wave strong points and the relation of reflectivity, can be the single band spectrum picture of a tealeaves blade to be measured (site on the corresponding tealeaves blade of each pixel difference in single band spectrum picture, each pixel has different gray-scale values) be converted to albedo image, reflectivity corresponding to each pixel in albedo image.
Utilize GB to carry out nitrogen content detection to each tealeaves blade, the nitrogen content obtaining is the averaged nitrogen content of whole tealeaves blade, albedo image based on each tealeaves blade, after average, obtain the average reflectance of each tealeaves blade, utilize relation that averaged nitrogen content and average Reflectance curve fitting obtain averaged nitrogen content and average reflectance as shown in the formula shown in (I)
Y'=2.931851-33.049λ'
400+1.726λ'
405+205.868λ'
416-251.196λ'
447+187.489λ'
499-100.825λ'
517+58.643λ'
553-94.710λ'
626-41.981λ'
639+64.544λ'
647+6.999λ'
683-3.585λ'
695+ （I）24.168λ'
796-11.134λ'
916-14.435λ'
990
In formula (I): λ '
arepresent the average reflectance of the albedo image of a nm characteristic wave strong point;
Y' represents the averaged nitrogen content at corresponding average reflectance place.
Utilize formula (I) that average reflectance and averaged nitrogen content matching obtain to express the relation of average reflectance and averaged nitrogen content, formula (I) has also been reacted the relation of each pixel place reflectivity and nitrogen content, obtains formula (II) as follows according to formula (I):
Y
nitrogen content=2.931851-33.049 λ
400+ 1.726 λ
405+ 205.868 λ
416-251.196 λ
447+ 187.489 λ
499-100.825 λ
517+ 58.643 λ
553-94.710 λ
626-41.981 λ
639+ 64.544 λ
647+ 6.999 λ
683-3.585 λ
695+ (II) 24.168 λ
796-11.134 λ
916-14.435 λ
990
In formula (II): λ
arepresent in the albedo image of a nm characteristic wave strong point the reflectivity of a certain pixel;
Y
nitrogen contentrepresent the nitrogen content at respective pixel point place.
The calculating of nitrogen content will be carried out in the corresponding reflectivity substitution of each pixel formula (II) in albedo image, obtain the nitrogen content at each the pixel place in tealeaves leaf image to be measured, and then draw accordingly nitrogen content distribution plan in tealeaves blade, obtain the nitrogen content distributed intelligence at tealeaves blade each point place, as shown in Figure 7.
Utilize the inventive method 96 tealeaves blades to be detected to the nitrogen content (averaged nitrogen content that this nitrogen content is each tealeaves blade of the sample prediction obtaining, to in average reflectance substitution formula (I), try to achieve) be illustrated in fig. 8 shown below with the distribution of the actual nitrogen content of sample that utilizes national standard method to detect, the coefficient of determination is 0.836, root-mean-square error is 0.2281, in Fig. 8, can find out, the predicting the outcome of detection method that this patent proposes is high correlation with the measured value of GB detection method.
Comparative example 1
Choose 15 characteristic wavelengths, be respectively 396nm, 401nm, 412nm, 443nm, 495nm, 513nm, 549nm, 622nm, 635nm, 643nm, 679nm, 691nm, 792nm, 912nm, 986nm, and the relation of setting up in the same manner nitrogen content and reflectivity based on these 15 characteristic wavelengths is as shown in the formula (III):
Y
nitrogen content=2.695715-121.211 λ
396+ 119.822 λ
401+ 51.296 λ
412-102.454 λ
443+ 173.896 λ
495-97.637 λ
513+ 46.304 λ
549+ 131.195 λ
622-407.921 λ
635+ 193.819 λ
643-8.806 λ
679+ 21.372 λ
691(III)+27.449 λ
792-38.602 λ
912+ 10.034 λ
986
In formula (III): λ
arepresent in the albedo image of a nm characteristic wave strong point the reflectivity of a certain pixel;
Y
nitrogen contentrepresent the nitrogen content at respective pixel point place.
At 15 characteristic wavelengths (396nm, 401nm, 412nm, 443nm, 495nm, 513nm, 549nm, 622nm, 635nm, 643nm, 679nm, 691nm, 792nm, 912nm, 986nm) locate to obtain the single band spectrum picture of tealeaves blade, and based on formula (III), calculate the averaged nitrogen content of each tealeaves blade, and being illustrated in fig. 9 shown below with the distribution of the actual nitrogen content of sample that utilizes national standard method to detect, the coefficient of determination is 0.796.
Comparative example 2
Choose 15 characteristic wavelengths, be respectively 413nm, 418nm, 429nm, 460nm, 512nm, 530nm, 566nm, 639nm, 652nm, 660nm, 696nm, 708nm, 809nm, 929nm, 1003nm, and the relation of setting up in the same manner nitrogen content and reflectivity based on these 15 characteristic wavelengths is suc as formula shown in (IV):
Y
nitrogen content=3.151744-37.787 λ
413+ 247.270 λ
418-105.348 λ
429-85.112 λ
460+ 31.512 λ
512-44.380 λ
530+ 59.983 λ
566-324.435 λ
639+ 555.241 λ
652-287.163 λ
652-15.448 λ
696+ 7.964 λ
708(IV)+51.472 λ
809-67.441 λ
929+ 15.096 λ
1003
In formula (IV): λ
arepresent in the albedo image of a nm characteristic wave strong point the reflectivity of a certain pixel;
Y
nitrogen contentrepresent the nitrogen content at respective pixel point place.
At 15 characteristic wavelengths (413nm, 418nm, 429nm, 460nm, 512nm, 530nm, 566nm, 639nm, 652nm, 660nm, 696nm, 708nm, 809nm, 929nm, 1003nm) locate to obtain the single band spectrum picture of tealeaves blade, and based on formula (IV), calculate the averaged nitrogen content of each tealeaves blade, and being illustrated in fig. 10 shown below with the distribution of the actual nitrogen content of sample that utilizes national standard method to detect, the coefficient of determination is 0.777.
Result by embodiment 1 and comparative example 1,2, whether selected characteristic wavelength accurately has material impact for detecting nitrogen content, the present invention, by choosing suitable characteristic wavelength, has obtained the very high testing result of the coefficient of determination, for carrying out fast the quantitative and detection and localization of tealeaves nitrogen content.
Claims (5)
1. an assay method for nitrogen content in tealeaves blade, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) gather tealeaves blade to be measured at the single band spectrum picture of 15 characteristic wave strong points; Described 15 characteristic wavelengths are respectively 400nm, 405nm, 416nm, 447nm, 499nm, 517nm, 553nm, 626nm, 639nm, 647nm, 683nm, 695nm, 796nm, 916nm, 990nm;
(2) according to the linear relationship of gray-scale value and the reflectivity of single band spectrum picture, the single band spectrum picture in step (1) is converted into albedo image;
(3) according to following formula, calculate the nitrogen content of each pixel in the albedo image of tealeaves blade;
Y
nitrogen content=2.931851-33.049 λ
400+ 1.726 λ
405+ 205.868 λ
416-251.196 λ
447+ 187.489 λ
499-100.825 λ
517+ 58.643 λ
553-94.710 λ
626-41.981 λ
639+ 64.544 λ
647+ 6.999 λ
683-3.585 λ
695+ 24.168 λ
796-11.134 λ
916-14.435 λ
990
In formula: λ
arepresent in the albedo image of a nm characteristic wave strong point the reflectivity of a certain pixel;
Y
nitrogen contentrepresent the nitrogen content at respective pixel point place.
2. the assay method of nitrogen content in tealeaves blade as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step (2), the obtaining step of the gray-scale value of single band spectrum picture and the linear relationship of reflectivity is as follows:
2-1, gather at least three diffuse reflection on-gauge plates at the benchmark single band spectrum picture of 15 characteristic wave strong points, ask for the gray-scale value of every width benchmark single band image, within the scope of visible and near infrared spectrum, the diffuse reflection on-gauge plate adopting has constant separately reflectivity;
2-2, for each characteristic wavelength, the gray-scale value of corresponding benchmark single band image and reflectivity are carried out to linear fit, obtain the linear relationship of gray-scale value and reflectivity.
3. the assay method of nitrogen content in tealeaves blade as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that, described diffuse reflection on-gauge plate is three～six.
4. the assay method of nitrogen content in tealeaves blade as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that, described diffuse reflection on-gauge plate is three, is respectively 99% diffuse reflection on-gauge plate, 75% diffuse reflection on-gauge plate and 2% diffuse reflection on-gauge plate.
5. the assay method of nitrogen content in tealeaves blade as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that, the gray-scale value at different characteristic wavelength place and the linear relationship of reflectivity are respectively:
Y
400＝-931.0497+4.6997x
400；
Y
405＝-679.2027+3.4269x
405；
Y
416＝-361.5028+1.8231x
416；
Y
447＝-130.8442+0.6588x
447；
Y
499＝-38.4876+0.1927x
499；
Y
517＝-29.3168+0.1465x
517；
Y
553＝-17.9291+1.4314x
553；
Y
626＝-10.5268+0.0517x
626；
Y
639＝-9.8216+0.0482x
639；
Y
647＝-9.5243+0.7503x
647；
Y
683＝-8.2097+0.0403x
683；
Y
695＝-8.1036+0.0398x
695；
Y
796＝-8.4248+0.0419x
796；
Y
916＝-17.4853+0.0871x
916；
Y
990＝-56.0875+0.2808x
990；
In formula: x
bgray-scale value for b nm characteristic wave strong point;
Y
breflectivity for b nm characteristic wave strong point.
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| CN107219226A (en) * | 2017-07-24 | 2017-09-29 | 中国科学院遥感与数字地球研究所 | Image collecting device and enhancing vegetation index monitoring system |
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| JP2006292705A (en) * | 2005-04-07 | 2006-10-26 | Katsuhiko Tanabe | Method for measuring non-destructive quality of fruits and vegetables |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107505271A (en) * | 2017-07-13 | 2017-12-22 | 北京农业信息技术研究中心 | Plant nitrogen evaluation method and system based on nitrogen fractions radiative transfer model |
| CN107505271B (en) * | 2017-07-13 | 2020-02-14 | 北京农业信息技术研究中心 | Plant nitrogen estimation method and system based on nitrogen component radiation transmission model |
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