CN103586622B - Welding recirculated water cooling cushion device and using method - Google Patents
Welding recirculated water cooling cushion device and using method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN103586622B CN103586622B CN201310515879.9A CN201310515879A CN103586622B CN 103586622 B CN103586622 B CN 103586622B CN 201310515879 A CN201310515879 A CN 201310515879A CN 103586622 B CN103586622 B CN 103586622B
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- copper lining
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- cushion device
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/02—Seam welding; Backing means; Inserts
- B23K9/035—Seam welding; Backing means; Inserts with backing means disposed under the seam
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K37/00—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
- B23K37/003—Cooling means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K37/00—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
- B23K37/04—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups for holding or positioning work
- B23K37/0408—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups for holding or positioning work for planar work
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/02—Seam welding; Backing means; Inserts
- B23K9/038—Seam welding; Backing means; Inserts using moulding means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/32—Accessories
- B23K9/323—Combined coupling means, e.g. gas, electricity, water or the like
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/18—Sheet panels
- B23K2101/185—Tailored blanks
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of welding recirculated water cooling cushion device, comprise cushion device and water-circulating cooling device, two pieces of sheet material grooves to be welded are relatively fixed on the upside of cushion device, and water-circulating cooling device is connected with cushion device; Copper lining four faces are respectively equipped with recessed longitudinal arc forming groove, by baffle plate longitudinal register; Pumping line is connected with the cooling water flow through hole of copper lining, and is connected with the return pipe of storage tank by Return water hoses.The invention also discloses a kind of using method of welding with recirculated water cooling cushion device, 1. fixed-bearing seat; 2. longitudinal arc forming well width <i>W</iGreatT.Gr eaT.GT of copper lining is selected
1; 3. baffle plate compresses copper lining; 4. copper lining two ends water receiving pipe; 5. two pieces of workpiece to be welded are fixed; 6. water pump water flowing cooling copper lining is started, simultaneously to two pieces of workpiece weldings to be welded.Longitudinal arc forming groove on copper lining of the present invention, makes its utilization rate improve three times, can meet the sheet material welding of different-thickness, reduce use cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of recirculated water cooling cushion device of one side welding with back formation technique, also relate to the using method of this device, belong to welding technique field.
Background technology
Single-sided welding and double-sided forming process improves welding efficiency, reduces welding cost, shortens the welding processing cycle.In one side welding with back formation process implementing process, for guaranteeing that back of weld forming quality is good, need along two pieces of workpiece grooves to be welded longitudinally downside before weldering, with the liner of forming pockets on pad.During welding, the liquid metal of melting depends on setting off of back of work liner, and be subject to the constraint of pad surfaces forming pockets, the formed weld similar with pad surfaces forming pockets shape is formed in back of work, thus save upset operation for the welding of large thick plate part, the production cycle shortening product also reduces manufacturing cost simultaneously.At present, conventional liner is different according to its material, generally can be divided into ceramic substrate and copper lining, wherein in the majority with the application of ceramic substrate.When using ceramic substrate, before implementing one side welding with back formation technique each time, ceramic substrate need be affixed on the workpiece grooves back side to be welded through viscosity masking foil, welding job loaded down with trivial detailsization, simultaneously ceramic substrate can only single use, increases welding cost.
Application number is 200910191949.3, name is called the patent of " electromagnetic direct-drive high-speed three-wire magnetic-field compound flux copper-gasket submerged arc welding device and method thereof ", disclose a kind of electromagnetic direct-drive high-speed three-wire magnetic-field compound flux copper-gasket submerged arc welding device and method thereof, disclosed copper lining system is made up of inflated hose, copper lining and liner solder flux, its solder flux liner directly contacts with back of work, copper lining is had, under the jacking supporting role of pneumatic dunnage flexible pipe under liner solder flux, back of work is close to by solder flux liner, controls the size of back bead.The shortcoming of this copper lining system is: (1) copper lining parts are after long-time use wearing and tearing, and need all change, liner cost aggravates and utilization rate is not high; (2) auxiliary equipment needed for the adjustment of copper lining system authority is more, and whole system is comparatively complicated, volume is comparatively large, and control accuracy is also low.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is for the deficiencies in the prior art, there is provided a kind of simple and compact for structure, utilization rate is high, back of work forming quality is good, operate welding recirculated water cooling cushion device and using method thereof easily, to improve the utilization rate of liner in one side welding with back formation technique and to improve back of weld forming quality.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical programs:
Recirculated water cooling cushion device is used in a kind of welding, and comprise cushion device and water-circulating cooling device, two pieces of workpiece grooves to be welded are relatively fixed on the upside of cushion device, and water-circulating cooling device is connected with cushion device; Described cushion device comprises copper lining, gasket base and baffle plate, and described water-circulating cooling device comprises water pump, storage tank, water supply hose and Return water hoses; Described copper lining is cuboid, the cross section of described cuboid is square, cuboid four faces are respectively equipped with recessed longitudinal arc forming groove, copper lining is provided with through longitudinal cooling water flow through hole, copper lining embeds in gasket base, copper lining two ends are concordant with gasket base two ends respectively, and by being fixed on the baffle plate longitudinal register at gasket base two ends; Water pump is arranged on storage tank, under pump water inlet stretches into the liquid level in storage tank, pumping line is connected with cooling water flow through hole one end of copper lining by water supply hose, water supply connector successively, and the cooling water flow through hole other end is connected with the return pipe of storage tank by water out adapter, Return water hoses successively.
Object of the present invention can also be realized further by following technical measures.
Aforesaid welding recirculated water cooling cushion device, the longitudinal arc forming well width on copper lining four sides of wherein said cuboid
w 1the gap width that workpiece grooves joint root to be welded from two pieces is different respectively
w 5correspondence, and
w 1=
w 5+ (4 ~
12) mm; Arc forming groove depth
h 1=0.5 ~
5mm.
Aforesaid welding recirculated water cooling cushion device, is provided with the longitudinal fluting placing copper lining, the width of described longitudinal fluting on the upside of wherein said gasket base
w 2be greater than copper lining width a, and
w 2=a+(0.5 ~ 2) mm; The degree of depth of longitudinal fluting
h 2be less than copper lining height a, and (a+
w 1)/2<
h 2<a.The bottom surface of described longitudinal fluting is provided with the vertical through hole of multiple longitudinal arrangement; Gasket base two bottom sides extends outward gasket base bearing plate respectively.
Aforesaid welding recirculated water cooling cushion device, wherein on the two ends end face of gasket base, two pieces of baffle plates are symmetrical arranged; The end face of copper lining is pushed down in termination, baffle plate one end, and baffle plate other end securing member is fixed on gasket base end face.Described baffle plate has longitudinal kidney slot, and baffle plate, through longitudinal kidney slot, is fixed on gasket base end face by two trip bolts.
Aforesaid welding recirculated water cooling cushion device, dividing plate storage tank being separated into cold water area and hydrothermal area is provided with in wherein said storage tank, lower than liquid level on the upside of described dividing plate, cold water area volume is greater than hydrothermal area's volume, pump water inlet vertically stretches in the cold water area of storage tank, and the return pipe of storage tank vertically stretches in the hydrothermal area of storage tank.
Weld the using method with recirculated water cooling cushion device, comprise the following steps:
gasket base is fixed on jig by several securing member, and two trip bolts unclamped respectively on gasket base end face on every block baffle plate, then move outside every block baffle plate separately horizontal slip, until two opposing end surfaces of two pieces of baffle plates move to outside the longitudinal fluting of gasket base;
according to two pieces of workpiece grooves root gaps to be welded
w 5 width different, select longitudinal arc forming well width that copper lining is corresponding
w 1, and described longitudinal arc forming groove copper lining is upward put into the longitudinal fluting on gasket base top;
move in two pieces of horizontal relative slidings of baffle plate, until two opposite end heads of two pieces of baffle plates push down the end face of copper lining respectively, tighten two trip bolts on every block baffle plate, make two pieces of baffle plates compress the two ends of copper lining;
water supply connector and water out adapter connected with the water inlet at copper lining two ends and delivery port respectively, and water supply connector be connected with pumping line by water supply hose, water out adapter is connected with the return pipe of storage tank by Return water hoses;
two pieces of workpiece grooves to be welded are relatively placed on the upside of copper lining, and make the root gap center of two pieces of workpiece grooves to be welded aim at longitudinal arc forming groove center on the upside of copper lining, then by laying respectively at pressing plate, the cushion block of corner upper and lower sides outside two pieces of workpiece to be welded, and through pressing plate and lower end is fixed on the hold-down bolt nut group on jig, two pieces of sheet material location to be welded are fixed on cushion device and jig, make the back side being close to workpiece to be welded on the upside of copper lining.
start water pump water flowing cooling copper lining, carry out one side welding with back formation welding at two pieces of workpiece to be welded simultaneously;
serious wear on the upside of copper lining, when the surface quality of the longitudinal arc forming groove on the upside of it drops to and cannot reuse, repeats step
process, takes out copper lining and rotates around its longitudinal centre line, make copper lining another side upward, then repeat from step
,
, can continue to use copper lining.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is as follows:
Compact conformation of the present invention, lightweight, processing cost is low, and except workpiece, remaining part all can, directly from market purchasing, be easy to realize through engineering approaches application.Copper lining of the present invention four faces are respectively equipped with recessed longitudinal arc forming groove, compared with existing copper lining, its utilization rate improves three times, thus considerably reduce welding production cost, longitudinal arc forming well width simultaneously on copper lining each is different, can meet the welding of different-thickness workpiece.It is well-to-do that arc forming groove on copper lining of the present invention is suitable for two pieces of workpiece grooves positioning precisions to be welded, and back of weld forming quality reliability is high.The longitudinal hole of copper lining is used for circulation cycle water, makes copper lining in welding process be able to quick cooling, thus improves the service life of copper lining.Welding recirculated water cooling cushion device using method of the present invention is practical and convenient, improves the welding quality of single-sided welding and double-sided forming process.
Advantage and disadvantage of the present invention, by for illustration and explanation for the non-limitative illustration passing through preferred embodiment below, these embodiments, only provide as an example with reference to accompanying drawing.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is copper lining end face zoomed-in view;
Fig. 3 is the A-A sectional view of Fig. 2;
Fig. 4 is the front view of gasket base;
Fig. 5 is the B-B sectional view of Fig. 4.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described.
As shown in Figure 1, the groove that the present invention includes cushion device 1 and water-circulating cooling device 2, two pieces of workpiece 3 to be welded is relatively fixed on the upside of cushion device 1, and water-circulating cooling device 2 is connected with cushion device 1.Cushion device 1 comprises copper lining 11, gasket base 12 and baffle plate 13, and water-circulating cooling device 2 comprises water pump 21, storage tank 22, water supply hose 23 and Return water hoses 24.
As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3, copper lining 11 cross section of cuboid is square, its four faces is respectively equipped with recessed longitudinal arc forming groove 111, longitudinal arc forming groove 111 width
w 1the gap width that workpiece grooves joint root to be welded from two pieces is different respectively
w 5correspondence, and
w 1=
w 5+ (4 ~
12) mm; Arc forming groove depth
h 1=0.5 ~
5mm.The square end faces length of side of copper lining 11
a=30 ~ 70mm, the length of copper lining 11 is equal with the length of gasket base 12.The cooling water flow through hole 112 longitudinally through copper lining 11 of copper lining 11, cooling water flow through hole 112 two ends are provided with the thread segment 113 be connected with water supply connector 25, backwater joint 26 respectively, provide better cooling effect.
As shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5, the longitudinal fluting 121 placing copper lining 11 is provided with on the upside of gasket base 12, the width of longitudinal fluting 121
w 2be greater than copper lining width a, and
w 2=a+(0.5 ~ 2) mm, be convenient to put into copper lining 11.The degree of depth of longitudinal fluting 121
h 2be less than copper lining height a, and (a+
w 1)/2<
h 2<a, namely the end face of copper lining 11 is higher than the end face of gasket base 12, makes the back side can being close to workpiece 3 to be welded on the upside of copper lining 11.The bottom surface of longitudinal fluting 121 is provided with the vertical through hole 122 of multiple longitudinal arrangement, has both alleviated the weight of gasket base 12, and convenient carrying cushion device 1, also helps the heat radiation of copper lining 11, thus protect copper lining 11 further.The shape of gasket base 12 is unrestricted, and gasket base 12 top of the present embodiment is the isosceles trapezoid post having longitudinal fluting 121, and bottom is cuboid.For the ease of handling cushion device 1, extending outward lifting boss 123 respectively at longitudinal two ends of gasket base 12, for ensureing the stability of cushion device 1, extending outward gasket base bearing plate 124 respectively in gasket base 12 two bottom sides.
As shown in Figure 1, copper lining 11 embeds in gasket base 12, and copper lining 11 two ends are concordant with gasket base 12 two ends respectively, and on the two ends end face of gasket base 12, two pieces of baffle plates 13 are symmetrical arranged; Baffle plate 13 has longitudinal kidney slot 131, the end face of copper lining 11 is pushed down in termination, baffle plate 13 one end, the baffle plate other end is with two trip bolts 14 through longitudinal kidney slot 131, and be fixed on by baffle plate 13 on gasket base 12 end face, copper lining 11 is longitudinal positioning of on gasket base 12 by baffle plate 13.Only need unclamp trip bolt 14, baffle plate 13 just can be made to slide along trip bolt 14, thus be convenient to take out or put into copper lining 11.
Vertically disposed water pump 21 lower end is fixed on storage tank cover plate 221, under pump water inlet 211 stretches into the liquid level in storage tank 22, pumping line 212 is connected with cooling water flow through hole 112 one end of copper lining 11 by water supply hose 23, water supply connector 25 successively, and cooling water flow through hole 112 other end is connected with the return pipe 27 of storage tank 2 by backwater joint 26, Return water hoses 24 successively.
The dividing plate 224 being divided into cold water area 222 and hydrothermal area 223 is provided with in storage tank 22, lower than liquid level on the upside of described dividing plate 224, cold water area 222 volume is greater than hydrothermal area 223 volume, the recovery recirculated water contributing to taking back arc heat is cooled fast because of flowing, and storage tank 11 median septum 224 can effectively prevent the impurity hard object etc. in recirculated water from sucking in water pump 21 in addition.
The using method of welding recirculated water cooling cushion device of the present invention comprises the following steps:
gasket base bearing plate 124 bottom gasket base 12 is fixed on jig 5 by 4 housing screws 4, and two trip bolts 14 unclamped respectively on gasket base 12 end face on every block baffle plate 13, then move outside every block baffle plate 13 separately horizontal slip, until two opposing end surfaces of two pieces of baffle plates 13 move to outside the longitudinal fluting 121 of gasket base 12.
according to two pieces of workpiece grooves 31 root gaps to be welded
w 5width different, select longitudinal arc forming well width of copper lining 11 correspondence
w 1, and described longitudinal arc forming groove 111 copper lining 11 is upward put into the longitudinal fluting 121 on gasket base 12 top;
move in two pieces of horizontal relative slidings of baffle plate 13, until two opposite end heads of two pieces of baffle plates 13 push down the end face of copper lining 11 respectively, tighten two trip bolts 14 on every block baffle plate 13, make baffle plate compress the end face of copper lining 11;
water supply connector 25 and water out adapter 26 are connected with the water inlet at copper lining 11 two ends and delivery port respectively, and water supply connector 25 is connected with pumping line 211 by water supply hose 23, water out adapter 26 is connected with the return pipe 27 of storage tank 22 by Return water hoses 24;
two pieces of workpiece grooves 31 to be welded are relatively placed on the upside of copper lining 11, and make the root gap center of two pieces of workpiece grooves to be welded aim at longitudinal arc forming groove 111 center on the upside of copper lining 11, then by laying respectively at the cushion block 7 of pressing plate 6 outside two pieces of workpiece 3 to be welded on the upside of corner, downside, and through pressing plate 6 and lower end is fixed on the hold-down bolt nut group 8 on jig 5, the location of two pieces of workpiece 3 to be welded is fixed on cushion device 1 and jig 5, makes the back side being close to workpiece 3 to be welded on the upside of copper lining 11.Fig. 1 shows a whole set of pressing plate 6 in workpiece 3 lower right corner to be welded, cushion block 7 and hold-down bolt nut group 8, and the compression at its excess-three of workpiece 3 angle to be welded is same as shown in Figure 1.
start water pump 21 water flowing cooling copper lining 11, carry out one side welding with back formation welding at two pieces of workpiece 3 to be welded simultaneously;
serious wear on the upside of copper lining 11, when the surface quality of the longitudinal arc forming groove 111 on the upside of it drops to and cannot reuse, repeats step
process, takes out copper lining 11, rotates, make copper lining 11 another side upward, then repeat from step around its longitudinal centre line
,
, can continue to use copper lining 11.
In addition to the implementation, the present invention can also have other embodiments, and all employings are equal to the technical scheme of replacement or equivalent transformation formation, all drop in the protection domain of application claims.
Claims (1)
1. one kind is welded the using method with recirculated water cooling cushion device, described device comprises water-circulating cooling device, described water-circulating cooling device comprises water pump, storage tank, water supply hose, Return water hoses and cushion device, water pump is arranged on storage tank, under pump water inlet stretches into the liquid level in storage tank, pumping line is connected with cooling water flow through hole one end of copper lining by water supply hose, water supply connector successively, and the cooling water flow through hole other end is connected with the return pipe of storage tank by water out adapter, Return water hoses successively; Two pieces of workpiece grooves to be welded are relatively fixed on the upside of cushion device, and water-circulating cooling device is connected with cushion device; Described cushion device comprises copper lining, gasket base and baffle plate, described copper lining is cuboid, the cross section of its cuboid is square, four faces of cuboid longitudinal direction are respectively equipped with recessed longitudinal arc forming groove, copper lining is provided with the cooling water flow through hole longitudinally run through, copper lining embeds in gasket base, and copper lining two ends are concordant with gasket base two ends respectively, and by being fixed on the baffle plate longitudinal register at gasket base two ends; It is characterized in that: using method comprises the following steps:
1. gasket base is fixed on jig by several securing member, and two trip bolts unclamped respectively on gasket base end face on every block baffle plate, then move outside every block baffle plate separately horizontal slip, until two opposing end surfaces of two pieces of baffle plates move to outside the longitudinal fluting of gasket base;
2. according to two pieces of workpiece grooves root gap W to be welded
5width different, select longitudinal arc forming well width W that copper lining is corresponding
1, and described longitudinal arc forming groove copper lining is upward put into the longitudinal fluting on gasket base top;
3. move in two pieces of horizontal relative slidings of baffle plate, until two opposite end heads of two pieces of baffle plates push down the end face of copper lining respectively, tighten two trip bolts on every block baffle plate, make two pieces of baffle plates compress the two ends of copper lining;
4. water supply connector and water out adapter connected with the water inlet at copper lining two ends and delivery port respectively, and water supply connector be connected with pumping line by water supply hose, water out adapter is connected with the return pipe of storage tank by Return water hoses;
5. two pieces of workpiece grooves to be welded are relatively placed on the upside of copper lining, and make the root gap center of two pieces of workpiece grooves to be welded aim at longitudinal arc forming groove center on the upside of copper lining, then by laying respectively at pressing plate, the cushion block of corner upper and lower sides outside two pieces of workpiece to be welded, and through pressing plate and lower end is fixed on the hold-down bolt nut group on jig, two pieces of Workpiece fixing to be welded are fixed on cushion device and jig, make the back side being close to workpiece to be welded on the upside of copper lining;
6. start water pump water flowing cooling copper lining, carry out one side welding with back formation welding at two pieces of workpiece to be welded simultaneously;
7. serious wear on the upside of copper lining, when the surface quality of the longitudinal arc forming groove on the upside of it drops to and cannot reuse, repeat step 1. process, take out copper lining, rotate around its longitudinal centre line, make copper lining another side upward, then repeat from step 2., 3., can continue to use copper lining.
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| CN201310515879.9A CN103586622B (en) | 2013-10-29 | 2013-10-29 | Welding recirculated water cooling cushion device and using method |
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| CN201310515879.9A CN103586622B (en) | 2013-10-29 | 2013-10-29 | Welding recirculated water cooling cushion device and using method |
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| CN103586622A CN103586622A (en) | 2014-02-19 |
| CN103586622B true CN103586622B (en) | 2016-02-24 |
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| CN203197476U (en) * | 2012-11-09 | 2013-09-18 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | Through hole type welding backing unit |
| CN203541955U (en) * | 2013-10-29 | 2014-04-16 | 中外合资沃得重工（中国）有限公司 | Circulating water cooling gasket device for welding |
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| CN202045461U (en) * | 2011-04-29 | 2011-11-23 | 深圳市顺安金德实业制品来料加工厂 | A water cooling device used for weld cooling |
| CN102528347A (en) * | 2012-01-12 | 2012-07-04 | 天津大学 | Constraint radiating device for welding ferritic stainless steel plates and welding method |
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| CN103586622A (en) | 2014-02-19 |
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Application publication date: 20140219 Assignee: JIANGSU ZHENJI MACHINERY MANUFACTURING Co.,Ltd. Assignor: SINO-FOREIGN JOINT VENTURE WORLD HEAVY INDUSTRY (CHINA) Co.,Ltd. Contract record no.: X2023320000082 Denomination of invention: Circulating water-cooled backing device and use method for welding Granted publication date: 20160224 License type: Common License Record date: 20230206 |
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