CN103580429B

CN103580429B - Half magnetic sheet permanent magnet synchronous motor asynchronous starting method

Info

Publication number: CN103580429B
Application number: CN201310587363.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 赵晓东
Original assignee: Dalian Bilan Energy Saving and Environmental Protection Technology Co Ltd
Current assignee: Foshan city Shunde District Heng Ao Micro Motor Co., Ltd.
Priority date: 2013-11-21
Filing date: 2013-11-21
Publication date: 2015-08-12
Anticipated expiration: 2033-11-21
Also published as: CN103580429A

Abstract

The present invention is a kind of half magnetic sheet permanent magnet synchronous motor asynchronous starting method, relate to a kind of can the method for permanent magnet synchronous motor of asynchronous starting and pole-changing windings.In asynchronous starting link, in rotor part a pair magnetic pole of permanent magnet synchronous motor, only use a permanent magnet as a magnetic pole, and utilizing rotor iron core salient pole as another one magnetic pole, the magnetic line of force by the mouse cage sliver cutting stator rotating magnetic field in rotor iron core salient pole produces asynchronous starting torque.In pole-changing windings link, rotor iron core salient pole and rotor step trough magnetic conduction is utilized but not to have the feature of fixed magnetic pole polarity, when stator rotating magnetic field changes magnetic pole number of poles, under the effect of stator complementary field, position of magnetic pole in rotor part a pair magnetic pole outside permanent magnet, can change between rotor iron core salient pole and rotor step trough, enable rotor part automatically adapt to converting motor magnetic pole number of poles, realize the pole-changing windings of permanent magnet synchronous motor.

Description

Half magnetic sheet permanent magnet synchronous motor asynchronous starting method

Technical field

The present invention is a kind of half magnetic sheet permanent magnet synchronous motor asynchronous starting method, and it relates to a kind of method being applied to permanent magnet synchronous motor, particularly relate to a kind of can the method for permanent magnet synchronous motor of asynchronous starting and pole-changing windings.

Background technology

AC asynchronous motor has the advantage that structure is simple, cost is low.In the total installation of generating capacity of AC asynchronous motor, small-sized AC asynchronous motor accounts for more than 70%.These motor be mainly used in blower fan, pump class, compressor apparatus supporting.The efficiency of AC asynchronous motor is lower, and the efficiency of small-sized AC asynchronous motor is extremely low, about 50%.Compared with AC asynchronous motor, the power factor of permanent magnet synchronous motor is high, energy-saving effect remarkable, so permanent magnet synchronous motor replaces AC asynchronous motor just gradually become main flow motor.Common permanent magnet synchronous motor cannot self-starting, needs to configure frequency converter, and common permanent magnet synchronous motor configuration frequency converter can infinitely variable speeds, but cost is higher.Asynchronous starting permanent magnet synchronous motor does not need to configure frequency converter, can reduce equipment cost under energy-conservation prerequisite.Asynchronous starting permanent magnet synchronous motor can not speed change when not configuring frequency converter.National standard " GB/T25303 weaving special efficient rate permanent magnet synchronous motor technical conditions " and " GB/T22711 high-efficiency three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor technical conditions " have respectively provided a kind of self-starting permasyn motor being applicable to textile industry and oil-field oil pumper.Permanent magnet synchronous motor in two standards all adopts built-in rotor, built-in rotor complex structure, and discomfort is fit to do the motor of small dimension, so be not less than the small power motor specification of 1.1kw in two standards.

Take electric fan as the supporting small-sized AC asynchronous motor of the household electrical appliance of representative, the step speed change within the specific limits of usual needs, fan motor generally adopts stator winding to have tapped AC asynchronous motor, reduces motor winding terminal voltage carry out speed change by the stator winding mode of connection changing different gear.This kind of method has the low advantage of cost, but is not suitable for the speed change of permanent magnet synchronous motor.The miniature motor power-saving technology of a kind of low costs of selling market active demand such as household electrical appliance.

The big-and-middle-sized AC asynchronous motor that the two-speed motor adopted with oil field beam pumping unit is representative, generally adopts pole-changing windings, and the mouse cage winding of AC asynchronous motor can adapt to converting motor magnetic pole number of poles automatically.Surface-type rotor and the built-in rotor of tradition permanent magnet synchronous motor all cannot adapt to converting motor magnetic pole number of poles automatically, and therefore, traditional permanent magnet synchronous motor technology cannot adopt pole-changing windings.

Summary of the invention

The object of the invention is to overcome conventional small permanent magnet synchronous motor cannot self-starting, can not the defect of pole-changing windings, provide a kind of can the method being applicable to minitype permanent magnetism synchronous motor of asynchronous starting and pole-changing windings.Embodiment of the present invention are as follows:

The total feature of the present invention is that half magnetic sheet permanent magnet synchronous motor asynchronous starting method comprises asynchronous starting link and pole-changing windings link.In asynchronous starting link, in rotor part a pair magnetic pole of permanent magnet synchronous motor, only use a permanent magnet as a magnetic pole, and utilize rotor iron core salient pole as another one magnetic pole, the magnetic line of force by the mouse cage sliver cutting stator rotating magnetic field in rotor iron core salient pole produces asynchronous starting torque, and rotor part is pulled in rotating speed.

In pole-changing windings link, in stator rotating magnetic field, interactional magnetic pole of the stator can not produce stator complementary field with rotor permanent magnet poles.In rotor part a pair magnetic pole of permanent magnet synchronous motor, only use a permanent magnet as a magnetic pole, and utilize rotor iron core salient pole as another one magnetic pole, rotor step trough between rotor core groove below adjacent rotor iron core salient pole and permanent magnet, rotor iron core salient pole and rotor step trough magnetic conduction is utilized but not to have the feature of fixed magnetic pole polarity, when stator rotating magnetic field changes magnetic pole number of poles, under the effect of stator complementary field, position of magnetic pole in rotor part a pair magnetic pole outside permanent magnet, can change between rotor iron core salient pole and rotor step trough, rotor part is enable automatically to adapt to converting motor magnetic pole number of poles, realize the pole-changing windings of permanent magnet synchronous motor.

Do not need the internal rotor permanent-magnetic synchronous motor of pole-changing windings, internal rotor core exterior surface several internal rotor iron core grooves uniform of its inner rotor part, the quantity of internal rotor iron core groove is the half of motor poles number of poles.It is internal rotor iron core salient pole between internal rotor iron core groove, several outer ring mouse cage slivers uniform below internal rotor iron core salient pole, several inner ring mouse cage slivers uniform below internal rotor iron core groove, whole outer ring mouse cage slivers and the two ends of inner ring mouse cage sliver respectively have an internal rotor cage ring to link together.In inner rotor part a pair magnetic pole, only use an internal rotor permanent-magnetic body as a magnetic pole, and utilize internal rotor iron core salient pole as another one magnetic pole, internal rotor permanent-magnetic body is pasted at each internal rotor iron core groove, in same inner rotor part, the pole polarity of internal rotor permanent-magnetic body is identical, and namely the circular arc external surface of each internal rotor permanent-magnetic body is N pole, or is all S pole.When internal rotor permanent-magnetic synchronous motor starts, the magnetic line of force of outer ring mouse cage sliver and inner ring mouse cage sliver cutting external stator rotating magnetic field produces asynchronous starting torque, and inner rotor part is pulled in rotating speed.Internal rotor iron core salient pole outer surface is salient pole air gap to the air gap of external stator inner surface, and internal rotor permanent-magnetic external surface is permanent magnet air gap to the air gap of external stator inner surface, and salient pole gas length is less than or equal to permanent magnet gas length.

The magnetic line of force path of the internal rotor permanent-magnetic synchronous motor of pole-changing windings is not needed to be: the inner rotor part magnetic line of force is by the N pole of internal rotor permanent-magnetic body, enter in external stator core through permanent magnet air gap, the magnetic line of force is again from the external stator core inner surface that internal rotor iron core salient pole is corresponding, being each passed through salient pole air gap enters in internal rotor iron core, the magnetic line of force is walked around outside outer ring mouse cage sliver and inner ring mouse cage sliver, got back to the circular arc inner surface of internal rotor permanent-magnetic body by internal rotor iron core groove, form closed-loop path.Magnetic line of force path, resultant magnetic field during the synchronous operation of internal rotor permanent-magnetic synchronous motor is identical with inner rotor part magnetic line of force path.During the synchronous operation of internal rotor permanent-magnetic synchronous motor, the magnetic pole of inner rotor part and the opposite pole of external stator rotating magnetic field attract each other, and produce synchronous torque.

In asynchronous starting link, the process of internal rotor permanent-magnetic synchronous motor asynchronous starting is, the a certain moment that internal rotor permanent-magnetic synchronous motor starts, align with the S pole space angle of external stator in the N pole of inner rotor part, align with the N pole space angle of external stator in the S pole of inner rotor part, external stator rotating magnetic field rotates according to stator field direction of rotation, speed discrepancy is had between external stator rotating magnetic field and inner rotor part, the magnetic line of force of outer ring mouse cage sliver and inner ring mouse cage sliver cutting external stator rotating magnetic field produces induced current, induced current outside Vertical dimension and the induced current in Vertical dimension merge together in internal rotor cage ring, form closed-loop path.Induced current produces asynchronous starting torque makes inner rotor part rotate according to rotor direction of rotation.When turning over 45° angle between external stator rotating magnetic field and inner rotor part, the magnetic flux that the N of external stator rotating magnetic field is extremely over half passes salient pole air gap, by way of the internal rotor iron core salient pole that magnetic resistance is less, the S pole of external stator rotating magnetic field is got back to again, the asynchronous starting torque maximum that outer ring mouse cage sliver produces through salient pole air gap.Along with the speed discrepancy between external stator rotating magnetic field and inner rotor part reduces, the asynchronous starting torque that outer ring mouse cage sliver produces diminishes, until inner rotor part is equal with the rotating speed of external stator rotating magnetic field, inner rotor part is pulled into synchronous speed, asynchronous starting torque is zero, and internal rotor permanent-magnetic synchronous motor enters run-in synchronism state.

Do not need the outer rotor permanent magnet motor of pole-changing windings, outer rotor iron core inner surface several outer rotor iron core grooves uniform of its external rotor parts, the quantity of outer rotor iron core groove is the half of motor poles number of poles.Outer rotor iron core salient pole between outer rotor iron core groove, several external rotor mouse cage slivers uniform below rotor iron core salient pole outside.Outer rotor iron core outer ledge corresponding to outer rotor iron core salient pole position has mouse cage reversing plate, and each mouse cage reversing plate respectively has an external rotor cage ring to link together with the two ends of contiguous one group of external rotor mouse cage sliver.Outside in rotor part a pair magnetic pole, only use an outer rotor permanent magnet as a magnetic pole, and utilize outer rotor iron core salient pole as another one magnetic pole, outer rotor permanent magnet is pasted at each outer rotor iron core groove, in same external rotor parts, the pole polarity of outer rotor permanent magnet is identical, and namely the circular arc external surface of each outer rotor permanent magnet is N pole, or is all S pole.When outer rotor permanent magnet motor starts, the magnetic line of force of external rotor mouse cage sliver cutting internal stator rotating magnetic field produces asynchronous starting torque, and external rotor parts are pulled in rotating speed.Outer rotor iron core salient pole inner surface is salient pole air gap to the air gap of internal stator outer surface, and outer rotor permanent magnet inner surface is permanent magnet air gap to the air gap of internal stator outer surface, and salient pole gas length is less than or equal to permanent magnet gas length.

The magnetic line of force path of the outer rotor permanent magnet motor of pole-changing windings is not needed to be, the external rotor parts magnetic line of force is by the N pole of external rotor permanent magnet external surface, enter in outer rotor iron core by outer rotor iron core groove, the magnetic line of force is walked around respectively outside external rotor mouse cage sliver, enter in internal stator by outer rotor iron core salient pole through salient pole air gap, the magnetic line of force is again from the inner-stator iron core outer surface that outer rotor permanent magnet is corresponding, be each passed through the S pole that permanent magnet air gap gets back to outer rotor permanent magnet, form closed-loop path.Magnetic line of force path, resultant magnetic field during outer rotor permanent magnet motor synchronous operation is identical with external rotor parts magnetic line of force path.During outer rotor permanent magnet motor synchronous operation, the magnetic pole of external rotor parts and the opposite pole of internal stator rotating magnetic field attract each other, and produce synchronous torque.

In asynchronous starting link, the process of outer rotor permanent magnet motor asynchronous starting is, the a certain moment that outer rotor permanent magnet motor starts, align with the S pole space angle of internal stator in the N pole of external rotor parts, align with the N pole space angle of internal stator in the S pole of external rotor parts, internal stator rotating magnetic field rotates according to stator field direction of rotation, speed discrepancy is had between internal stator rotating magnetic field and external rotor parts, the magnetic line of force of external rotor mouse cage sliver cutting internal stator rotating magnetic field produces induced current, the external rotor cage ring of the rotor cage sliver one end outside of the induced current outside Vertical dimension merges together and flows into mouse cage reversing plate, induced current in the Vertical dimension that mouse cage reversing plate flows out is through the external rotor cage ring of the external rotor mouse cage sliver other end, faradic induced current outside Vertical dimension is finally got back to external rotor mouse cage sliver and is formed closed-loop path.Induced current produces asynchronous starting torque makes external rotor parts rotate according to rotor direction of rotation.

When turning over 45° angle between internal stator rotating magnetic field and external rotor parts, the magnetic flux that the N of internal stator rotating magnetic field is extremely over half passes salient pole air gap, by way of the outer rotor iron core salient pole that magnetic resistance is less, the S pole of internal stator rotating magnetic field is got back to again, the asynchronous starting torque maximum outside rotor cage sliver produced through salient pole air gap.Now, the magnetic line of force of the external rotor mouse cage sliver cutting internal stator rotating magnetic field of outer rotor iron core salient pole counter clockwise direction front side, the inductive current direction produced becomes the induced current in Vertical dimension, the magnetic line of force of the external rotor mouse cage sliver cutting internal stator rotating magnetic field of outer rotor iron core salient pole counter clockwise direction rear side, the inductive current direction produced still is the induced current outside Vertical dimension, the induced current equal and opposite in direction direction of two groups is contrary, the external rotor cage ring being each passed through external rotor mouse cage sliver two ends merges together, and forms closed-loop path.Induced current produces asynchronous starting torque makes external rotor parts continue to rotate according to rotor direction of rotation.

When turning over 65 ° of angles between internal stator rotating magnetic field and external rotor parts, induced current in the Vertical dimension of the outer rotor iron core salient pole counterclockwise external rotor mouse cage sliver generation of front side, be greater than the induced current outside the Vertical dimension of the outer rotor iron core salient pole counterclockwise external rotor mouse cage sliver generation of rear side, induced current in part Vertical dimension and the induced current outside whole Vertical dimension, the external rotor cage ring being each passed through external rotor mouse cage sliver two ends merges together, and forms closed-loop path.The external rotor cage ring of the rotor cage sliver one end outside of the induced current in remaining Vertical dimension merges together and flows into mouse cage reversing plate, induced current from the Vertical dimension that mouse cage reversing plate flows out is through the external rotor cage ring of the external rotor mouse cage sliver other end, and the induced current in remaining Vertical dimension is finally got back to external rotor mouse cage sliver and formed closed-loop path.Induced current produces asynchronous starting torque makes external rotor parts continue to rotate according to rotor direction of rotation.Along with the speed discrepancy between internal stator rotating magnetic field and external rotor parts reduces, the asynchronous starting torque outside rotor cage sliver produced diminishes, until external rotor parts are equal with the rotating speed of internal stator rotating magnetic field, external rotor parts are pulled into synchronous speed, asynchronous starting torque is zero, and outer rotor permanent magnet motor enters run-in synchronism state.

Half magnetic sheet permanent magnet synchronous motor asynchronous starting method can make permanent magnet synchronous motor become two-speed motor by pole-changing windings.The rotating ratio of two-speed motor equals motor poles number inverse ratio.What number of magnetic poles was large is slow-speed of revolution number of magnetic poles, and what number of magnetic poles was little is high rotating speed number of magnetic poles.The number of magnetic poles ratio of conventional two-speed motor is 2 poles, pole/4 and 4 poles, pole/8.

Need the external stator magnetic pole winding of the internal rotor permanent-magnetic synchronous motor of pole-changing windings uniform according to slow-speed of revolution number of magnetic poles, permanent magnet synchronous motor is when high rotating speed runs, the external stator magnetic pole winding of energising is uniform according to high rotating speed number of magnetic poles, being external stator core benchmark magnetic pole according to the external stator magnetic pole that high rotating speed number of magnetic poles is uniform, is external stator core speed change magnetic pole between two adjacent external stator core benchmark magnetic poles.Permanent magnet synchronous motor is when high rotating speed runs, and the magnetic pole winding no power of external stator core speed change magnetic pole, external stator core speed change magnetic pole does not produce rotating magnetic field.Permanent magnet synchronous motor is when the slow-speed of revolution runs, and the magnetic pole winding of external stator core speed change magnetic pole and the magnetic pole winding energising of external stator core benchmark magnetic pole, external stator core speed change magnetic pole and external stator core benchmark magnetic pole produce rotating magnetic field jointly.By changing the mode of connection of external stator magnetic pole winding, the magnetic pole of external stator is made to produce high rotating speed rotating magnetic field or slow-speed of revolution rotating magnetic field respectively.

Need the position of magnetic pole of the inner rotor part of the internal rotor permanent-magnetic synchronous motor of pole-changing windings uniform according to high rotating speed number of magnetic poles, the radian that each inner rotor part magnetic pole takies calculates according to slow-speed of revolution number of magnetic poles.Internal rotor core exterior surface several internal rotor iron core grooves uniform of inner rotor part, the quantity of internal rotor iron core groove is the half of motor height rotating speed number of magnetic poles.Being internal rotor iron core salient pole between internal rotor iron core groove, is internal rotor step trough between adjacent internal rotor iron core groove and internal rotor iron core salient pole.Each internal rotor step trough, internal rotor iron core groove and internal rotor iron core salient pole take the radian of a magnetic pole.Several outer ring mouse cage slivers uniform below internal rotor iron core salient pole and internal rotor step trough, several inner ring mouse cage slivers uniform below internal rotor iron core groove, whole outer ring mouse cage slivers and the two ends of inner ring mouse cage sliver respectively have an internal rotor cage ring to link together.In inner rotor part a pair magnetic pole, only use an internal rotor permanent-magnetic body as a magnetic pole, and utilize internal rotor iron core salient pole as another one magnetic pole, internal rotor permanent-magnetic body is pasted at each internal rotor iron core groove, in same inner rotor part, the pole polarity of internal rotor permanent-magnetic body is identical, and namely the circular arc external surface of each internal rotor permanent-magnetic body is N pole, or is all S pole.When internal rotor permanent-magnetic synchronous motor starts, the magnetic line of force of outer ring mouse cage sliver and inner ring mouse cage sliver cutting external stator rotating magnetic field produces asynchronous starting torque, and inner rotor part is pulled in rotating speed.Internal rotor iron core salient pole outer surface is salient pole air gap to the air gap of external stator inner surface, and internal rotor step trough outer surface is step trough air gap to the air gap of external stator inner surface, and internal rotor permanent-magnetic external surface is permanent magnet air gap to the air gap of external stator inner surface.Need the salient pole gas length of the internal rotor permanent-magnetic synchronous motor of pole-changing windings to be less than step trough gas length, step trough gas length is less than or equal to permanent magnet gas length.

Need the internal rotor permanent-magnetic synchronous motor of pole-changing windings, when high synchronization is run, magnetic line of force path is: the inner rotor part magnetic line of force is by the N pole of internal rotor permanent-magnetic body, enter in external stator 1 iron core through permanent magnet air gap, the magnetic line of force is again from the external stator core inner surface that the internal rotor iron core salient pole of internal rotor permanent-magnetic body both sides is corresponding, being each passed through salient pole air gap enters in internal rotor iron core, the magnetic line of force is walked around outside outer ring mouse cage sliver and inner ring mouse cage sliver, the circular arc inner surface of internal rotor permanent-magnetic body is got back to by internal rotor iron core groove, form closed-loop path.Need the resultant magnetic field magnetic line of force path of the internal rotor permanent-magnetic synchronous motor of pole-changing windings when high synchronization is run identical with inner rotor part magnetic line of force path.Need the internal rotor permanent-magnetic synchronous motor of pole-changing windings when high synchronization is run, the magnetic pole of inner rotor part and the opposite pole of external stator rotating magnetic field attract each other, and produce synchronous torque.

Need the internal rotor permanent-magnetic synchronous motor of pole-changing windings, when slow-speed of revolution synchronous operation, inner rotor part magnetic line of force path is: the inner rotor part magnetic line of force is by the N pole of internal rotor permanent-magnetic body, enter in external stator core through permanent magnet air gap, the magnetic line of force is again from the external stator core speed change magnetic pole inner surface that the internal rotor step trough of internal rotor permanent-magnetic body both sides is corresponding, being each passed through step trough air gap enters in internal rotor iron core, the magnetic line of force is walked around outside outer ring mouse cage sliver and inner ring mouse cage sliver, the circular arc inner surface of internal rotor permanent-magnetic body is got back to by internal rotor iron core groove, form closed-loop path.The magnetic pole of internal rotor permanent-magnetic body and it is at magnetic pole corresponding to internal rotor step trough, attracts each other with the opposite pole of external stator rotating magnetic field, produces synchronous torque.

Need the internal rotor permanent-magnetic synchronous motor of pole-changing windings, when slow-speed of revolution synchronous operation in external stator rotating magnetic field, the external stator magnetic pole that internal rotor iron core salient pole is corresponding, do not interact with the magnetic pole of internal rotor permanent-magnetic body and produce stator complementary field, the magnetic line of force path of stator complementary field is: the stator complementary field magnetic line of force is by the N pole of external stator core speed change magnetic pole, enter in internal rotor iron core through step trough air gap, the magnetic line of force is walked around outside the mouse cage sliver of outer ring, enter in external stator core by internal rotor iron core salient pole through salient pole air gap, external stator core speed change magnetic pole is got back to again from the S pole of external stator core benchmark magnetic pole, form closed-loop path.Internal rotor iron core salient pole itself does not now produce magnetic field, and the magnetic line of force of stator complementary field closes along the path that magnetic resistance is minimum, and stator complementary field and internal rotor iron core salient pole interact and produce reluctance torque.

Need the internal stator magnetic pole winding of the outer rotor permanent magnet motor of pole-changing windings uniform according to slow-speed of revolution number of magnetic poles, permanent magnet synchronous motor is when high rotating speed runs, the internal stator magnetic pole winding of energising is uniform according to high rotating speed number of magnetic poles, being inner-stator iron core benchmark magnetic pole according to the internal stator magnetic pole that high rotating speed number of magnetic poles is uniform, is inner-stator iron core speed change magnetic pole between two adjacent inner-stator iron core benchmark magnetic poles.Permanent magnet synchronous motor is when high rotating speed runs, and the magnetic pole winding no power of inner-stator iron core speed change magnetic pole, inner-stator iron core speed change magnetic pole does not produce rotating magnetic field.Permanent magnet synchronous motor is when the slow-speed of revolution runs, and the magnetic pole winding of inner-stator iron core speed change magnetic pole and the magnetic pole winding energising of inner-stator iron core benchmark magnetic pole, inner-stator iron core speed change magnetic pole and inner-stator iron core benchmark magnetic pole produce rotating magnetic field jointly.By changing the mode of connection of internal stator magnetic pole winding, the magnetic pole of internal stator is made to produce high rotating speed rotating magnetic field or slow-speed of revolution rotating magnetic field respectively.

Need the position of magnetic pole of the external rotor parts of the outer rotor permanent magnet motor of pole-changing windings uniform according to high rotating speed number of magnetic poles, the radian that each external rotor parts magnetic pole takies calculates according to slow-speed of revolution number of magnetic poles.Outer rotor iron core inner surface several outer rotor iron core grooves uniform of external rotor parts, the quantity of outer rotor iron core groove is the half of motor height rotating speed number of magnetic poles.Being outer rotor iron core salient pole between outer rotor iron core groove, is external rotor step trough between adjacent outer rotor iron core groove and outer rotor iron core salient pole.Each external rotor step trough, outer rotor iron core groove and outer rotor iron core salient pole take the radian of a magnetic pole.Several external rotor mouse cage slivers uniform below rotor iron core salient pole and external rotor step trough outside.Outer rotor iron core outer ledge corresponding to outer rotor iron core salient pole position has mouse cage reversing plate, and each mouse cage reversing plate respectively has an external rotor cage ring to link together with the two ends of contiguous one group of external rotor mouse cage sliver.Outside in rotor part a pair magnetic pole, only use an outer rotor permanent magnet as a magnetic pole, and utilize outer rotor iron core salient pole as another one magnetic pole, outer rotor permanent magnet is pasted at each outer rotor iron core groove, in same external rotor parts, the pole polarity of outer rotor permanent magnet is identical, and namely the circular arc external surface of each outer rotor permanent magnet is N pole, or is all S pole.When outer rotor permanent magnet motor starts, the magnetic line of force of external rotor mouse cage sliver cutting internal stator rotating magnetic field produces asynchronous starting torque, and external rotor parts are pulled in rotating speed.Outer rotor iron core salient pole inner surface is salient pole air gap to the air gap of internal stator outer surface, and external rotor step trough inner surface is step trough air gap to the air gap of internal stator outer surface, and outer rotor permanent magnet inner surface is permanent magnet air gap to the air gap of internal stator outer surface.Need the salient pole gas length of the outer rotor permanent magnet motor of pole-changing windings to be less than step trough gas length, step trough gas length is less than or equal to permanent magnet gas length.

Need the outer rotor permanent magnet motor of pole-changing windings, when high synchronization is run, magnetic line of force path is: the external rotor parts magnetic line of force is by the N pole of external rotor permanent magnet external surface, enter in outer rotor iron core by outer rotor iron core groove, the magnetic line of force is walked around respectively outside external rotor mouse cage sliver, enter in internal stator by outer rotor iron core salient pole through salient pole air gap, the magnetic line of force is again from the inner-stator iron core outer surface that outer rotor permanent magnet is corresponding, be each passed through the S pole that permanent magnet air gap gets back to outer rotor permanent magnet, form closed-loop path.Need the resultant magnetic field magnetic line of force path of the outer rotor permanent magnet motor of pole-changing windings when high synchronization is run identical with external rotor parts magnetic line of force path.Need the outer rotor permanent magnet motor of pole-changing windings when high synchronization is run, the magnetic pole of external rotor parts and the opposite pole of internal stator rotating magnetic field attract each other, and produce synchronous torque.

Need the outer rotor permanent magnet motor of pole-changing windings, when slow-speed of revolution synchronous operation, external rotor parts magnetic line of force path is: the external rotor parts magnetic line of force is by the N pole of outer rotor permanent magnet, enter in outer rotor iron core by outer rotor iron core groove, the magnetic line of force is walked around respectively outside external rotor mouse cage sliver, inner-stator iron core speed change magnetic pole place is entered through step trough air gap by the external rotor step trough of outer rotor permanent magnet both sides, the magnetic line of force passes from the inner-stator iron core outer surface that outer rotor permanent magnet is corresponding the S pole that permanent magnet air gap gets back to outer rotor permanent magnet again, form closed-loop path.The magnetic pole of outer rotor permanent magnet and its magnetic pole that rotor step trough is corresponding outside, attract each other with the opposite pole of internal stator rotating magnetic field, produces synchronous torque.

Need the outer rotor permanent magnet motor of pole-changing windings, when slow-speed of revolution synchronous operation in internal stator rotating magnetic field, the internal stator magnetic pole that outer rotor iron core salient pole is corresponding, do not interact with the magnetic pole of outer rotor permanent magnet and produce stator complementary field, the magnetic line of force path of stator complementary field is: the stator complementary field magnetic line of force is by the S pole of inner-stator iron core speed change magnetic pole, through the N pole of inner-stator iron core benchmark magnetic pole, enter in outer rotor iron core through salient pole air gap again, the magnetic line of force is walked around outside external rotor mouse cage sliver, external rotor step trough is entered by outer rotor iron core salient pole, the magnetic line of force gets back to the S pole of inner-stator iron core speed change magnetic pole through step trough air gap, form closed-loop path.Outer rotor iron core salient pole now itself does not produce magnetic field, and the magnetic line of force of stator complementary field closes along the path that magnetic resistance is minimum, and stator complementary field and outer rotor iron core salient pole interact and produce reluctance torque.

In half magnetic sheet permanent magnet synchronous motor asynchronous starting method, simply, permanent magnet consumption is few for inner rotor part and external rotor modular construction, is suitable for making middle small dimension permanent magnet synchronous motor.Asynchronous starting and pole-changing windings reduce electric motor control device cost, and synchronous operation improves motor running efficiency.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Figure of description is the schematic diagram of half magnetic sheet permanent magnet synchronous motor asynchronous starting method.Wherein Fig. 1 is that when not needing half magnetic sheet internal rotor permanent-magnetic synchronous motor of pole-changing windings to start, the inductive current direction schematic diagram of a certain moment mouse cage sliver, rotor and magnetic pole of the stator are 4 poles.Resultant magnetic field magnetic line of force path schematic diagram when Fig. 2 is the half magnetic sheet internal rotor permanent-magnetic synchronous motor synchronous operation not needing pole-changing windings, rotor and magnetic pole of the stator are 4 poles.Fig. 3 is that when not needing half magnetic sheet internal rotor permanent-magnetic synchronous motor of pole-changing windings to start, the inductive current direction schematic diagram of mouse cage sliver when turning over 45° angle from a certain moment, rotor and magnetic pole of the stator are 4 poles.Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of the half magnetic sheet internal rotor permanent-magnetic synchronous motor not needing pole-changing windings, and rotor and magnetic pole of the stator are 8 poles.Schematic diagram when Fig. 5 is half magnetic sheet internal rotor permanent-magnetic synchronous motor high synchronization operation of pole-changing windings, rotor and magnetic pole of the stator are 4 poles.Resultant magnetic field magnetic line of force path schematic diagram when Fig. 6 is half magnetic sheet internal rotor permanent-magnetic synchronous motor high synchronization operation of pole-changing windings, rotor and magnetic pole of the stator are 4 poles.Schematic diagram when Fig. 7 is half magnetic sheet internal rotor permanent-magnetic synchronous motor slow-speed of revolution synchronous operation of pole-changing windings, rotor and magnetic pole of the stator are 8 poles.Resultant magnetic field magnetic line of force path schematic diagram when Fig. 8 is half magnetic sheet internal rotor permanent-magnetic synchronous motor slow-speed of revolution synchronous operation of pole-changing windings, rotor and magnetic pole of the stator are 8 poles.

Fig. 9 is that when not needing half magnetic sheet outer rotor permanent magnet motor of pole-changing windings to start, the inductive current direction schematic diagram of a certain moment mouse cage sliver, rotor and magnetic pole of the stator are 4 poles.Resultant magnetic field magnetic line of force path schematic diagram when Figure 10 is the half magnetic sheet outer rotor permanent magnet motor synchronous operation not needing pole-changing windings, rotor and magnetic pole of the stator are 4 poles.Figure 11 is that when not needing half magnetic sheet outer rotor permanent magnet motor of pole-changing windings to start, the inductive current direction schematic diagram of mouse cage sliver when turning over 45° angle from a certain moment, rotor and magnetic pole of the stator are 4 poles.Figure 12 is that when not needing half magnetic sheet outer rotor permanent magnet motor of pole-changing windings to start, the inductive current direction schematic diagram of mouse cage sliver when turning over 65 ° of angles from a certain moment, rotor and magnetic pole of the stator are 4 poles.Figure 13 is the schematic diagram of the half magnetic sheet outer rotor permanent magnet motor not needing pole-changing windings, and rotor and magnetic pole of the stator are 8 poles.Schematic diagram when Figure 14 is half magnetic sheet outer rotor permanent magnet motor high synchronization operation of pole-changing windings, rotor and magnetic pole of the stator are 4 poles.Resultant magnetic field magnetic line of force path schematic diagram when Figure 15 is half magnetic sheet outer rotor permanent magnet motor high synchronization operation of pole-changing windings, rotor and magnetic pole of the stator are 4 poles.Schematic diagram when Figure 16 is half magnetic sheet outer rotor permanent magnet motor slow-speed of revolution synchronous operation of pole-changing windings, rotor and magnetic pole of the stator are 8 poles.Resultant magnetic field magnetic line of force path schematic diagram when Figure 17 is half magnetic sheet outer rotor permanent magnet motor slow-speed of revolution synchronous operation of pole-changing windings, rotor and magnetic pole of the stator are 8 poles.In Fig. 1 to Figure 17, N and S represents pole polarity.

Figure acceptance of the bid is marked with external stator 1, outer ring mouse cage sliver 2, internal rotor iron core salient pole 3, internal rotor iron core groove 4, internal rotor permanent-magnetic body 5, inner ring mouse cage sliver 6, rotor direction of rotation 7, stator field direction of rotation 8, rotor permanent magnet magnetic direction 9, magnetic line of force path 10, internal rotor step trough 11, external stator core speed change magnetic pole 12, mouse cage reversing plate 13, external rotor mouse cage sliver 14, outer rotor iron core groove 15, outer rotor iron core salient pole 16, outer rotor permanent magnet 17, internal stator 18, external rotor step trough 19, inner-stator iron core speed change magnetic pole 20, induced current 21 outside Vertical dimension, induced current 22 in Vertical dimension, stator complementary field direction 23, internal rotor iron core 24, outer rotor iron core 25.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, further describing is done to the present invention.

With reference to Fig. 1, do not need the internal rotor permanent-magnetic synchronous motor of pole-changing windings, internal rotor iron core 24 outer surface several internal rotor iron core grooves 4 uniform of its inner rotor part, the quantity of internal rotor iron core groove 4 is half of motor poles number of poles.It is internal rotor iron core salient pole 3 between internal rotor iron core groove 4, internal rotor iron core salient pole 3 is several outer ring mouse cage slivers 2 uniform below, internal rotor iron core groove 4 is several inner ring mouse cage slivers 6 uniform below, and whole outer ring mouse cage slivers 2 and the two ends of inner ring mouse cage sliver 6 respectively have an internal rotor cage ring to link together.In inner rotor part a pair magnetic pole, only use an internal rotor permanent-magnetic body 5 as a magnetic pole, and utilize internal rotor iron core salient pole 3 as another one magnetic pole, internal rotor permanent-magnetic body 5 is pasted at each internal rotor iron core groove 4 place, in same inner rotor part, the pole polarity of internal rotor permanent-magnetic body 5 is identical, and namely the circular arc external surface of each internal rotor permanent-magnetic body 5 is N pole, or is all S pole.When internal rotor permanent-magnetic synchronous motor starts, the magnetic line of force that outer ring mouse cage sliver 2 and inner ring mouse cage sliver 6 cut external stator 1 rotating magnetic field produces asynchronous starting torque, and inner rotor part is pulled in rotating speed.Internal rotor iron core salient pole 3 outer surface is salient pole air gap to the air gap of external stator 1 inner surface, and internal rotor permanent-magnetic body 5 outer surface is permanent magnet air gap to the air gap of external stator 1 inner surface, and salient pole gas length is less than or equal to permanent magnet gas length.

With reference to Fig. 2, the magnetic line of force path of the internal rotor permanent-magnetic synchronous motor of pole-changing windings is not needed to be: the inner rotor part magnetic line of force is by the N pole of internal rotor permanent-magnetic body 5, enter in external stator 1 iron core through permanent magnet air gap, the magnetic line of force is again from the external stator 1 iron core inner surface of internal rotor iron core salient pole 3 correspondence, being each passed through salient pole air gap enters in internal rotor iron core 24, the magnetic line of force is walked around outside outer ring mouse cage sliver 2 and inner ring mouse cage sliver 6, got back to the circular arc inner surface of internal rotor permanent-magnetic body 5 by internal rotor iron core groove 4, form closed-loop path.Magnetic line of force path, resultant magnetic field during the synchronous operation of internal rotor permanent-magnetic synchronous motor is identical with inner rotor part magnetic line of force path.During the synchronous operation of internal rotor permanent-magnetic synchronous motor, the magnetic pole of inner rotor part and the opposite pole of external stator 1 rotating magnetic field attract each other, and produce synchronous torque.

With reference to Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, in asynchronous starting link, the process of internal rotor permanent-magnetic synchronous motor asynchronous starting is, the a certain moment that internal rotor permanent-magnetic synchronous motor starts, align with the S pole space angle of external stator 1 in the N pole of inner rotor part, align with the N pole space angle of external stator 1 in the S pole of inner rotor part, external stator 1 rotating magnetic field rotates according to stator field direction of rotation 8, speed discrepancy is had between external stator 1 rotating magnetic field and inner rotor part, the magnetic line of force that outer ring mouse cage sliver 2 and inner ring mouse cage sliver 6 cut external stator 1 rotating magnetic field produces induced current, induced current 21 outside Vertical dimension and the induced current 22 in Vertical dimension merge together in internal rotor cage ring, form closed-loop path.Induced current produces asynchronous starting torque makes inner rotor part rotate according to rotor direction of rotation 7.When turning over 45° angle between external stator 1 rotating magnetic field and inner rotor part, the magnetic flux that the N of external stator 1 rotating magnetic field is extremely over half passes salient pole air gap, by way of the internal rotor iron core salient pole 3 that magnetic resistance is less, the S pole of external stator 1 rotating magnetic field is got back to again, the asynchronous starting torque maximum that outer ring mouse cage sliver 2 produces through salient pole air gap.Along with the speed discrepancy between external stator 1 rotating magnetic field and inner rotor part reduces, the asynchronous starting torque that outer ring mouse cage sliver 2 produces diminishes, until inner rotor part is equal with the rotating speed of external stator 1 rotating magnetic field, inner rotor part is pulled into synchronous speed, asynchronous starting torque is zero, and internal rotor permanent-magnetic synchronous motor enters run-in synchronism state.

With reference to Fig. 1 and Fig. 4, in half magnetic sheet permanent magnet synchronous motor asynchronous starting method, the inner rotor part structural similarity of the internal rotor permanent-magnetic synchronous motor of two poles, four poles, sextupole, the ends of the earth or more number of poles, difference is only the difference of number of magnetic poles.

With reference to Fig. 9, do not need the outer rotor permanent magnet motor of pole-changing windings, outer rotor iron core 25 inner surface several outer rotor iron core grooves 15 uniform of its external rotor parts, the quantity of outer rotor iron core groove 15 is half of motor poles number of poles.Outer rotor iron core salient pole 16 between outer rotor iron core groove 15, rotor iron core salient pole 16 several external rotor mouse cage slivers 14 uniform below outside.Outer rotor iron core 25 outer ledge corresponding to outer rotor iron core salient pole 16 position has mouse cage reversing plate 13, and each mouse cage reversing plate 13 respectively has an external rotor cage ring to link together with the two ends of contiguous one group of external rotor mouse cage sliver 14.Outside in rotor part a pair magnetic pole, only use an outer rotor permanent magnet 17 as a magnetic pole, and utilize outer rotor iron core salient pole 16 as another one magnetic pole, outer rotor permanent magnet 17 is pasted at each outer rotor iron core groove 15 place, in same external rotor parts, the pole polarity of outer rotor permanent magnet 17 is identical, and namely the circular arc external surface of each outer rotor permanent magnet 17 is N pole, or is all S pole.When outer rotor permanent magnet motor starts, the magnetic line of force that external rotor mouse cage sliver 14 cuts internal stator 18 rotating magnetic field produces asynchronous starting torque, and external rotor parts are pulled in rotating speed.Outer rotor iron core salient pole 16 inner surface is salient pole air gap to the air gap of internal stator 18 outer surface, and outer rotor permanent magnet 17 inner surface is permanent magnet air gap to the air gap of internal stator 18 outer surface, and salient pole gas length is less than or equal to permanent magnet gas length.

With reference to Figure 10, the magnetic line of force path of the outer rotor permanent magnet motor of pole-changing windings is not needed to be, the external rotor parts magnetic line of force is by the N pole of outer rotor permanent magnet 17 outer surface, enter in outer rotor iron core 25 by outer rotor iron core groove 15, the magnetic line of force is walked around respectively outside external rotor mouse cage sliver 14, enter in internal stator 18 by outer rotor iron core salient pole 16 through salient pole air gap, the magnetic line of force is again from internal stator 18 core exterior surface of outer rotor permanent magnet 17 correspondence, be each passed through the S pole that permanent magnet air gap gets back to outer rotor permanent magnet 17, form closed-loop path.Magnetic line of force path, resultant magnetic field during outer rotor permanent magnet motor synchronous operation is identical with external rotor parts magnetic line of force path.During outer rotor permanent magnet motor synchronous operation, the magnetic pole of external rotor parts and the opposite pole of internal stator 18 rotating magnetic field attract each other, and produce synchronous torque.

With reference to Fig. 9, Figure 10, Figure 11 and Figure 12, in asynchronous starting link, the process of outer rotor permanent magnet motor asynchronous starting is, the a certain moment that outer rotor permanent magnet motor starts, align with the S pole space angle of internal stator 18 in the N pole of external rotor parts, align with the N pole space angle of internal stator 18 in the S pole of external rotor parts, internal stator 18 rotating magnetic field rotates according to stator field direction of rotation 8, speed discrepancy is had between internal stator 18 rotating magnetic field and external rotor parts, the magnetic line of force that external rotor mouse cage sliver 14 cuts internal stator 18 rotating magnetic field produces induced current, the external rotor cage ring of rotor cage sliver 14 one end outside of the induced current 21 outside Vertical dimension merges together and flows into mouse cage reversing plate 13, induced current 22 in the Vertical dimension that mouse cage reversing plate 13 flows out is through the external rotor cage ring of external rotor mouse cage sliver 14 other end, the induced current of the induced current 21 outside Vertical dimension is finally got back to external rotor mouse cage sliver 14 and is formed closed-loop path.Induced current produces asynchronous starting torque makes external rotor parts rotate according to rotor direction of rotation 7.

When turning over 45° angle between internal stator 18 rotating magnetic field and external rotor parts, the magnetic flux that the N of internal stator 18 rotating magnetic field is extremely over half passes salient pole air gap, by way of the outer rotor iron core salient pole 16 that magnetic resistance is less, the S pole of internal stator 18 rotating magnetic field is got back to again, the asynchronous starting torque maximum outside rotor cage sliver 14 produced through salient pole air gap.Now, the external rotor mouse cage sliver 14 of outer rotor iron core salient pole 16 counter clockwise direction front side cuts the magnetic line of force of internal stator 18 rotating magnetic field, the inductive current direction produced becomes the induced current 22 in Vertical dimension, the external rotor mouse cage sliver 14 of outer rotor iron core salient pole 16 counter clockwise direction rear side cuts the magnetic line of force of internal stator 18 rotating magnetic field, the inductive current direction produced still is the induced current 21 outside Vertical dimension, the induced current equal and opposite in direction direction of two groups is contrary, the external rotor cage ring being each passed through external rotor mouse cage sliver 14 two ends merges together, and form closed-loop path.Induced current produces asynchronous starting torque makes external rotor parts continue to rotate according to rotor direction of rotation 7.

When turning over 65 ° of angles between internal stator 18 rotating magnetic field and external rotor parts, induced current 22 in the Vertical dimension of outer rotor iron core salient pole 16 counterclockwise external rotor mouse cage sliver 14 generation of front side, be greater than the induced current 21 outside the Vertical dimension of outer rotor iron core salient pole 16 counterclockwise external rotor mouse cage sliver 14 generation of rear side, induced current 22 in part Vertical dimension and the induced current 21 outside whole Vertical dimension, the external rotor cage ring being each passed through external rotor mouse cage sliver 14 two ends merges together, and forms closed-loop path.The external rotor cage ring of rotor cage sliver 14 one end outside of the induced current 22 in remaining Vertical dimension merges together and flows into mouse cage reversing plate 13, induced current 21 from the Vertical dimension that mouse cage reversing plate 13 flows out is through the external rotor cage ring of external rotor mouse cage sliver 14 other end, and the induced current 22 in remaining Vertical dimension is finally got back to external rotor mouse cage sliver 14 and formed closed-loop path.Induced current produces asynchronous starting torque makes external rotor parts continue to rotate according to rotor direction of rotation 7.Along with the speed discrepancy between internal stator 18 rotating magnetic field and external rotor parts reduces, the asynchronous starting torque outside rotor cage sliver 14 produced diminishes, until external rotor parts are equal with the rotating speed of internal stator 18 rotating magnetic field, external rotor parts are pulled into synchronous speed, asynchronous starting torque is zero, and outer rotor permanent magnet motor enters run-in synchronism state.

With reference to Figure 13, in half magnetic sheet permanent magnet synchronous motor asynchronous starting method, the external rotor modular construction of the outer rotor permanent magnet motor of two poles, four poles, sextupole, the ends of the earth or more number of poles is similar, and difference is only the difference of number of magnetic poles.

With reference to Fig. 5 and Fig. 7, need the external stator 1 magnetic pole winding of the internal rotor permanent-magnetic synchronous motor of pole-changing windings uniform according to slow-speed of revolution number of magnetic poles, permanent magnet synchronous motor is when high rotating speed runs, the external stator 1 magnetic pole winding of energising is uniform according to high rotating speed number of magnetic poles, being external stator core benchmark magnetic pole according to external stator 1 magnetic pole that high rotating speed number of magnetic poles is uniform, is external stator core speed change magnetic pole 12 between two adjacent external stator core benchmark magnetic poles.Permanent magnet synchronous motor is when high rotating speed runs, and the magnetic pole winding no power of external stator core speed change magnetic pole 12, external stator core speed change magnetic pole 12 does not produce rotating magnetic field.Permanent magnet synchronous motor is when the slow-speed of revolution runs, and the magnetic pole winding of external stator core speed change magnetic pole 12 and the magnetic pole winding energising of external stator core benchmark magnetic pole, external stator core speed change magnetic pole 12 and external stator core benchmark magnetic pole produce rotating magnetic field jointly.By changing the mode of connection of external stator 1 magnetic pole winding, the magnetic pole of external stator 1 is made to produce high rotating speed rotating magnetic field or slow-speed of revolution rotating magnetic field respectively.

Need the position of magnetic pole of the inner rotor part of the internal rotor permanent-magnetic synchronous motor of pole-changing windings uniform according to high rotating speed number of magnetic poles, the radian that each inner rotor part magnetic pole takies calculates according to slow-speed of revolution number of magnetic poles.Internal rotor iron core 24 outer surface several internal rotor iron core grooves 4 uniform of inner rotor part, the quantity of internal rotor iron core groove 4 is half of motor height rotating speed number of magnetic poles.Being internal rotor iron core salient pole 3 between internal rotor iron core groove 4, is internal rotor step trough 11 between adjacent internal rotor iron core groove 4 and internal rotor iron core salient pole 3.Each internal rotor step trough 11, internal rotor iron core groove 4 and internal rotor iron core salient pole 3 take the radian of a magnetic pole.Several outer ring mouse cage slivers 2 uniform below internal rotor iron core salient pole 3 and internal rotor step trough 11, several inner ring mouse cage slivers 6 uniform below internal rotor iron core groove 4, whole outer ring mouse cage slivers 2 and the two ends of inner ring mouse cage sliver 6 respectively have an internal rotor cage ring to link together.In inner rotor part a pair magnetic pole, only use an internal rotor permanent-magnetic body 5 as a magnetic pole, and utilize internal rotor iron core salient pole 3 as another one magnetic pole, internal rotor permanent-magnetic body 5 is pasted at each internal rotor iron core groove 4 place, in same inner rotor part, the pole polarity of internal rotor permanent-magnetic body 5 is identical, and namely the circular arc external surface of each internal rotor permanent-magnetic body 5 is N pole, or is all S pole.When internal rotor permanent-magnetic synchronous motor starts, the magnetic line of force that outer ring mouse cage sliver 2 and inner ring mouse cage sliver 6 cut external stator 1 rotating magnetic field produces asynchronous starting torque, and inner rotor part is pulled in rotating speed.Internal rotor iron core salient pole 3 outer surface is salient pole air gap to the air gap of external stator 1 inner surface, internal rotor step trough 11 outer surface is step trough air gap to the air gap of external stator 1 inner surface, and internal rotor permanent-magnetic body 5 outer surface is permanent magnet air gap to the air gap of external stator 1 inner surface.Need the salient pole gas length of the internal rotor permanent-magnetic synchronous motor of pole-changing windings to be less than step trough gas length, step trough gas length is less than or equal to permanent magnet gas length.

With reference to Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, need the internal rotor permanent-magnetic synchronous motor of pole-changing windings, when high synchronization is run, magnetic line of force path is: the inner rotor part magnetic line of force is by the N pole of internal rotor permanent-magnetic body 5, enter in external stator 1 iron core through permanent magnet air gap, the magnetic line of force is again from the external stator 1 iron core inner surface of internal rotor iron core salient pole 3 correspondence of internal rotor permanent-magnetic body 5 both sides, being each passed through salient pole air gap enters in internal rotor iron core 24, the magnetic line of force is walked around outside outer ring mouse cage sliver 2 and inner ring mouse cage sliver 6, the circular arc inner surface of internal rotor permanent-magnetic body 5 is got back to by internal rotor iron core groove 4, form closed-loop path.Need the resultant magnetic field magnetic line of force path of the internal rotor permanent-magnetic synchronous motor of pole-changing windings when high synchronization is run identical with inner rotor part magnetic line of force path.Need the internal rotor permanent-magnetic synchronous motor of pole-changing windings when high synchronization is run, the magnetic pole of inner rotor part and the opposite pole of external stator 1 rotating magnetic field attract each other, and produce synchronous torque.

With reference to Fig. 7 and Fig. 8, need the internal rotor permanent-magnetic synchronous motor of pole-changing windings, when slow-speed of revolution synchronous operation, inner rotor part magnetic line of force path is: the inner rotor part magnetic line of force is by the N pole of internal rotor permanent-magnetic body 5, enter in external stator 1 iron core through permanent magnet air gap, the magnetic line of force is again from external stator core speed change magnetic pole 12 inner surface of internal rotor step trough 11 correspondence of internal rotor permanent-magnetic body 5 both sides, being each passed through step trough air gap enters in internal rotor iron core 24, the magnetic line of force is walked around outside outer ring mouse cage sliver 2 and inner ring mouse cage sliver 6, the circular arc inner surface of internal rotor permanent-magnetic body 5 is got back to by internal rotor iron core groove 4, form closed-loop path.The magnetic pole of internal rotor permanent-magnetic body 5 and its magnetic pole in internal rotor step trough 11 correspondence, attract each other with the opposite pole of external stator 1 rotating magnetic field, produces synchronous torque.

Need the internal rotor permanent-magnetic synchronous motor of pole-changing windings, when slow-speed of revolution synchronous operation in external stator 1 rotating magnetic field, external stator 1 magnetic pole of internal rotor iron core salient pole 3 correspondence, do not interact with the magnetic pole of internal rotor permanent-magnetic body 5 and produce stator complementary field, the magnetic line of force path of stator complementary field is: the stator complementary field magnetic line of force is by the N pole of external stator core speed change magnetic pole 12, enter in internal rotor iron core 24 through step trough air gap, the magnetic line of force is walked around outside outer ring mouse cage sliver 2, enter in external stator 1 iron core by internal rotor iron core salient pole 3 through salient pole air gap, external stator core speed change magnetic pole 12 is got back to again from the S pole of external stator core benchmark magnetic pole, form closed-loop path.Internal rotor iron core salient pole 3 now itself does not produce magnetic field, and the magnetic line of force of stator complementary field closes along the path that magnetic resistance is minimum, and stator complementary field and internal rotor iron core salient pole 3 interact and produce reluctance torque.

In half magnetic sheet permanent magnet synchronous motor asynchronous starting method, need the inner rotor part structural similarity of the internal rotor permanent-magnetic synchronous motor of two poles of pole-changing windings, four poles, the ends of the earth or more number of poles, difference is only the difference of number of magnetic poles.

With reference to Figure 14 and Figure 16, need the internal stator 18 magnetic pole winding of the outer rotor permanent magnet motor of pole-changing windings uniform according to slow-speed of revolution number of magnetic poles, permanent magnet synchronous motor is when high rotating speed runs, the internal stator 18 magnetic pole winding of energising is uniform according to high rotating speed number of magnetic poles, being inner-stator iron core benchmark magnetic pole according to internal stator 18 magnetic pole that high rotating speed number of magnetic poles is uniform, is inner-stator iron core speed change magnetic pole 20 between two adjacent inner-stator iron core benchmark magnetic poles.Permanent magnet synchronous motor is when high rotating speed runs, and the magnetic pole winding no power of inner-stator iron core speed change magnetic pole 20, inner-stator iron core speed change magnetic pole 20 does not produce rotating magnetic field.Permanent magnet synchronous motor is when the slow-speed of revolution runs, and the magnetic pole winding of inner-stator iron core speed change magnetic pole 20 and the magnetic pole winding energising of inner-stator iron core benchmark magnetic pole, inner-stator iron core speed change magnetic pole 20 and inner-stator iron core benchmark magnetic pole produce rotating magnetic field jointly.By changing the mode of connection of internal stator 18 magnetic pole winding, the magnetic pole of internal stator 18 is made to produce high rotating speed rotating magnetic field or slow-speed of revolution rotating magnetic field respectively.

Need the position of magnetic pole of the external rotor parts of the outer rotor permanent magnet motor of pole-changing windings uniform according to high rotating speed number of magnetic poles, the radian that each external rotor parts magnetic pole takies calculates according to slow-speed of revolution number of magnetic poles.Outer rotor iron core 25 inner surface several outer rotor iron core grooves 15 uniform of external rotor parts, the quantity of outer rotor iron core groove 15 is half of motor height rotating speed number of magnetic poles.Being outer rotor iron core salient pole 16 between outer rotor iron core groove 15, is external rotor step trough 19 between adjacent outer rotor iron core groove 15 and outer rotor iron core salient pole 16.Each external rotor step trough 19, outer rotor iron core groove 15 and outer rotor iron core salient pole 16 take the radian of a magnetic pole.Rotor iron core salient pole 16 and external rotor step trough 19 several external rotor mouse cage slivers 14 uniform below outside.Outer rotor iron core 25 outer ledge corresponding to outer rotor iron core salient pole 16 position has mouse cage reversing plate 13, and each mouse cage reversing plate 13 respectively has an external rotor cage ring to link together with the two ends of contiguous one group of external rotor mouse cage sliver 14.Outside in rotor part a pair magnetic pole, only use an outer rotor permanent magnet 17 as a magnetic pole, and utilize outer rotor iron core salient pole 16 as another one magnetic pole, outer rotor permanent magnet 17 is pasted at each outer rotor iron core groove 15 place, in same external rotor parts, the pole polarity of outer rotor permanent magnet 17 is identical, and namely the circular arc external surface of each outer rotor permanent magnet 17 is N pole, or is all S pole.When outer rotor permanent magnet motor starts, the magnetic line of force that external rotor mouse cage sliver 14 cuts internal stator 18 rotating magnetic field produces asynchronous starting torque, and external rotor parts are pulled in rotating speed.Outer rotor iron core salient pole 16 inner surface is salient pole air gap to the air gap of internal stator 18 outer surface, external rotor step trough 19 inner surface is step trough air gap to the air gap of internal stator 18 outer surface, and outer rotor permanent magnet 17 inner surface is permanent magnet air gap to the air gap of internal stator 18 outer surface.Need the salient pole gas length of the outer rotor permanent magnet motor of pole-changing windings to be less than step trough gas length, step trough gas length is less than or equal to permanent magnet gas length.

In half magnetic sheet permanent magnet synchronous motor asynchronous starting method, need the external rotor modular construction of the outer rotor permanent magnet motor of two poles of pole-changing windings, four poles, the ends of the earth or more number of poles similar, difference is only the difference of number of magnetic poles.

With reference to Figure 14 and Figure 15, need the outer rotor permanent magnet motor of pole-changing windings, when high synchronization is run, magnetic line of force path is: the external rotor parts magnetic line of force is by the N pole of outer rotor permanent magnet 17 outer surface, enter in outer rotor iron core 25 by outer rotor iron core groove 15, the magnetic line of force is walked around respectively outside external rotor mouse cage sliver 14, enter in internal stator 18 by outer rotor iron core salient pole 16 through salient pole air gap, the magnetic line of force is again from internal stator 18 core exterior surface of outer rotor permanent magnet 17 correspondence, be each passed through the S pole that permanent magnet air gap gets back to outer rotor permanent magnet 17, form closed-loop path.Need the resultant magnetic field magnetic line of force path of the outer rotor permanent magnet motor of pole-changing windings when high synchronization is run identical with external rotor parts magnetic line of force path.Need the outer rotor permanent magnet motor of pole-changing windings when high synchronization is run, the magnetic pole of external rotor parts and the opposite pole of internal stator 18 rotating magnetic field attract each other, and produce synchronous torque.

With reference to Figure 16 and Figure 17, need the outer rotor permanent magnet motor of pole-changing windings, when slow-speed of revolution synchronous operation, external rotor parts magnetic line of force path is: the external rotor parts magnetic line of force is by the N pole of outer rotor permanent magnet 17, enter in outer rotor iron core 25 by outer rotor iron core groove 15, the magnetic line of force is walked around respectively outside external rotor mouse cage sliver 14, inner-stator iron core speed change magnetic pole 20 place is entered through step trough air gap by the external rotor step trough 19 of outer rotor permanent magnet 17 both sides, the magnetic line of force gets back to the S pole of outer rotor permanent magnet 17 again through permanent magnet air gap from internal stator 18 core exterior surface of outer rotor permanent magnet 17 correspondence, form closed-loop path.The magnetic pole of the magnetic pole of outer rotor permanent magnet 17 and its rotor step trough 19 correspondence outside, attracts each other with the opposite pole of internal stator 18 rotating magnetic field, produces synchronous torque.

Need the outer rotor permanent magnet motor of pole-changing windings, when slow-speed of revolution synchronous operation in internal stator 18 rotating magnetic field, internal stator 18 magnetic pole of outer rotor iron core salient pole 16 correspondence, do not interact with the magnetic pole of outer rotor permanent magnet 17 and produce stator complementary field, the magnetic line of force path of stator complementary field is: the stator complementary field magnetic line of force is by the S pole of inner-stator iron core speed change magnetic pole 20, through the N pole of inner-stator iron core benchmark magnetic pole, enter in outer rotor iron core 25 through salient pole air gap again, the magnetic line of force is walked around outside external rotor mouse cage sliver 14, external rotor step trough 19 is entered by outer rotor iron core salient pole 16, the magnetic line of force gets back to the S pole of inner-stator iron core speed change magnetic pole 20 through step trough air gap, form closed-loop path.Outer rotor iron core salient pole 16 now itself does not produce magnetic field, and the magnetic line of force of stator complementary field closes along the path that magnetic resistance is minimum, and stator complementary field and outer rotor iron core salient pole 16 interact and produce reluctance torque.

Claims

1. a half magnetic sheet permanent magnet synchronous motor asynchronous starting method, is characterized in that half magnetic sheet permanent magnet synchronous motor asynchronous starting method comprises asynchronous starting link and pole-changing windings link; In asynchronous starting link, in rotor part a pair magnetic pole of permanent magnet synchronous motor, only use a permanent magnet as a magnetic pole, and utilize rotor iron core salient pole as another one magnetic pole, the magnetic line of force by the mouse cage sliver cutting stator rotating magnetic field in rotor iron core salient pole produces asynchronous starting torque, and rotor part is pulled in rotating speed;

Do not need the internal rotor permanent-magnetic synchronous motor of pole-changing windings, internal rotor iron core (24) outer surface several internal rotor iron core grooves (4) uniform of its inner rotor part, the quantity of internal rotor iron core groove (4) is the half of motor poles number of poles; It is internal rotor iron core salient pole (3) between internal rotor iron core groove (4), internal rotor iron core salient pole (3) is several outer rings mouse cage sliver (2) uniform below, internal rotor iron core groove (4) is several inner ring mouse cage slivers (6) uniform below, and whole outer rings mouse cage sliver (2) and the two ends of inner ring mouse cage sliver (6) respectively have an internal rotor cage ring to link together; In inner rotor part a pair magnetic pole, only use an internal rotor permanent-magnetic body (5) as a magnetic pole, and utilize internal rotor iron core salient pole (3) as another one magnetic pole, internal rotor permanent-magnetic body (5) is pasted at each internal rotor iron core groove (4) place, in same inner rotor part, the pole polarity of internal rotor permanent-magnetic body (5) is identical, and namely the circular arc external surface of each internal rotor permanent-magnetic body (5) is N pole, or is all S pole; When internal rotor permanent-magnetic synchronous motor starts, the magnetic line of force of outer ring mouse cage sliver (2) and inner ring mouse cage sliver (6) cutting external stator (1) rotating magnetic field produces asynchronous starting torque, and inner rotor part is pulled in rotating speed; Internal rotor iron core salient pole (3) outer surface is salient pole air gap to the air gap of external stator (1) inner surface, internal rotor permanent-magnetic body (5) outer surface is permanent magnet air gap to the air gap of external stator (1) inner surface, and salient pole gas length is less than or equal to permanent magnet gas length;

In asynchronous starting link, the process of internal rotor permanent-magnetic synchronous motor asynchronous starting is, the a certain moment that internal rotor permanent-magnetic synchronous motor starts, align with the S pole space angle of external stator (1) in the N pole of inner rotor part, align with the N pole space angle of external stator (1) in the S pole of inner rotor part, external stator (1) rotating magnetic field rotates according to stator field direction of rotation (8), external stator (1) has speed discrepancy between rotating magnetic field and inner rotor part, the magnetic line of force of outer ring mouse cage sliver (2) and inner ring mouse cage sliver (6) cutting external stator (1) rotating magnetic field produces induced current, induced current (21) outside Vertical dimension and the induced current (22) in Vertical dimension merge together in internal rotor cage ring, form closed-loop path, induced current produces asynchronous starting torque makes inner rotor part rotate according to rotor direction of rotation (7), when external stator (1) turns over 45° angle between rotating magnetic field and inner rotor part, the magnetic flux that the N of external stator (1) rotating magnetic field is extremely over half passes salient pole air gap, by way of the internal rotor iron core salient pole (3) that magnetic resistance is less, the S pole of external stator (1) rotating magnetic field is got back to again, the upper asynchronous starting torque maximum produced in outer ring mouse cage sliver (2) through salient pole air gap, along with the speed discrepancy of external stator (1) between rotating magnetic field and inner rotor part reduces, in outer ring mouse cage sliver (2), the upper asynchronous starting torque produced diminishes, until inner rotor part is equal with the rotating speed of external stator (1) rotating magnetic field, inner rotor part is pulled into synchronous speed, asynchronous starting torque is zero, and internal rotor permanent-magnetic synchronous motor enters run-in synchronism state,

Do not need the outer rotor permanent magnet motor of pole-changing windings, outer rotor iron core (25) inner surface several outer rotor iron core grooves (15) uniform of its external rotor parts, the quantity of outer rotor iron core groove (15) is the half of motor poles number of poles; Outer rotor iron core salient pole (16) between outer rotor iron core groove (15), rotor iron core salient pole (16) several external rotor mouse cage slivers (14) uniform below outside; Outer rotor iron core (25) outer ledge corresponding to outer rotor iron core salient pole (16) position has mouse cage reversing plate (13), and each mouse cage reversing plate (13) respectively has an external rotor cage ring to link together with the two ends of contiguous one group of external rotor mouse cage sliver (14); Outside in rotor part a pair magnetic pole, only use an outer rotor permanent magnet (17) as a magnetic pole, and utilize outer rotor iron core salient pole (16) as another one magnetic pole, outer rotor permanent magnet (17) is pasted at each outer rotor iron core groove (15) place, in same external rotor parts, the pole polarity of outer rotor permanent magnet (17) is identical, and namely the circular arc external surface of each outer rotor permanent magnet (17) is N pole, or is all S pole; When outer rotor permanent magnet motor starts, the magnetic line of force of external rotor mouse cage sliver (14) cutting internal stator (18) rotating magnetic field produces asynchronous starting torque, and external rotor parts are pulled in rotating speed; Outer rotor iron core salient pole (16) inner surface is salient pole air gap to the air gap of internal stator (18) outer surface, outer rotor permanent magnet (17) inner surface is permanent magnet air gap to the air gap of internal stator (18) outer surface, and salient pole gas length is less than or equal to permanent magnet gas length;

In asynchronous starting link, the process of outer rotor permanent magnet motor asynchronous starting is, the a certain moment that outer rotor permanent magnet motor starts, align with the S pole space angle of internal stator (18) in the N pole of external rotor parts, align with the N pole space angle of internal stator (18) in the S pole of external rotor parts, internal stator (18) rotating magnetic field rotates according to stator field direction of rotation (8), speed discrepancy is had between internal stator (18) rotating magnetic field and external rotor parts, the magnetic line of force of external rotor mouse cage sliver (14) cutting internal stator (18) rotating magnetic field produces induced current, the external rotor cage ring of rotor cage sliver (14) one end outside of the induced current (21) outside Vertical dimension merges together and flows into mouse cage reversing plate (13), induced current (22) in the Vertical dimension that mouse cage reversing plate (13) flows out is through the external rotor cage ring of external rotor mouse cage sliver (14) other end, the induced current of the induced current (21) outside Vertical dimension is finally got back to external rotor mouse cage sliver (14) and is formed closed-loop path, induced current produces asynchronous starting torque makes external rotor parts rotate according to rotor direction of rotation (7),

When turning over 45° angle between internal stator (18) rotating magnetic field and external rotor parts, the magnetic flux that the N of internal stator (18) rotating magnetic field is extremely over half passes salient pole air gap, by way of the outer rotor iron core salient pole (16) that magnetic resistance is less, the S pole of internal stator (18) rotating magnetic field is got back to again, outside the upper asynchronous starting torque maximum produced of rotor cage sliver (14) through salient pole air gap, now, the magnetic line of force of external rotor mouse cage sliver (14) cutting internal stator (18) rotating magnetic field of outer rotor iron core salient pole (16) counter clockwise direction front side, the inductive current direction produced becomes the induced current (22) in Vertical dimension, the magnetic line of force of external rotor mouse cage sliver (14) cutting internal stator (18) rotating magnetic field of outer rotor iron core salient pole (16) counter clockwise direction rear side, the inductive current direction produced still is the induced current (21) outside Vertical dimension, the induced current equal and opposite in direction direction of two groups is contrary, the external rotor cage ring being each passed through external rotor mouse cage sliver (14) two ends merges together, and form closed-loop path, induced current produces asynchronous starting torque makes external rotor parts continue to rotate according to rotor direction of rotation (7),

When turning over 65 ° of angles between internal stator (18) rotating magnetic field and external rotor parts, induced current (22) in the Vertical dimension that external rotor mouse cage sliver (14) on front side of outer rotor iron core salient pole (16) counter clockwise direction produces, induced current (21) outside the Vertical dimension that the external rotor mouse cage sliver (14) being greater than outer rotor iron core salient pole (16) counter clockwise direction rear side produces, induced current (22) in part Vertical dimension and the induced current (21) outside whole Vertical dimension, the external rotor cage ring being each passed through external rotor mouse cage sliver (14) two ends merges together, and form closed-loop path, the external rotor cage ring of rotor cage sliver (14) one end outside of the induced current (22) in remaining Vertical dimension merges together and flows into mouse cage reversing plate (13), induced current (21) from the Vertical dimension that mouse cage reversing plate (13) flows out is through the external rotor cage ring of external rotor mouse cage sliver (14) other end, and the induced current (22) in remaining Vertical dimension is finally got back to external rotor mouse cage sliver (14) and formed closed-loop path, induced current produces asynchronous starting torque makes external rotor parts continue to rotate according to rotor direction of rotation (7), along with the speed discrepancy between internal stator (18) rotating magnetic field and external rotor parts reduces, the upper asynchronous starting torque produced of rotor cage sliver (14) outside diminishes, until external rotor parts are equal with the rotating speed of internal stator (18) rotating magnetic field, external rotor parts are pulled into synchronous speed, asynchronous starting torque is zero, and outer rotor permanent magnet motor enters run-in synchronism state,

In pole-changing windings link, in stator rotating magnetic field, interactional magnetic pole of the stator can not produce stator complementary field with rotor permanent magnet poles, in rotor part a pair magnetic pole of permanent magnet synchronous motor, only use a permanent magnet as a magnetic pole, and utilize rotor iron core salient pole as another one magnetic pole, rotor step trough between rotor core groove below adjacent rotor iron core salient pole and permanent magnet, rotor iron core salient pole and rotor step trough magnetic conduction is utilized but not to have the feature of fixed magnetic pole polarity, when stator rotating magnetic field changes magnetic pole number of poles, under the effect of stator complementary field, position of magnetic pole in rotor part a pair magnetic pole outside permanent magnet, can change between rotor iron core salient pole and rotor step trough, rotor part is enable automatically to adapt to converting motor magnetic pole number of poles, realize the pole-changing windings of permanent magnet synchronous motor,

Need external stator (1) the magnetic pole winding of the internal rotor permanent-magnetic synchronous motor of pole-changing windings uniform according to slow-speed of revolution number of magnetic poles, permanent magnet synchronous motor is when high rotating speed runs, external stator (1) the magnetic pole winding of energising is uniform according to high rotating speed number of magnetic poles, being external stator core benchmark magnetic pole according to external stator (1) magnetic pole that high rotating speed number of magnetic poles is uniform, is external stator core speed change magnetic pole (12) between two adjacent external stator core benchmark magnetic poles; Permanent magnet synchronous motor when high rotating speed runs, the magnetic pole winding no power of external stator core speed change magnetic pole (12), external stator core speed change magnetic pole (12) does not produce rotating magnetic field; Permanent magnet synchronous motor is when the slow-speed of revolution runs, the magnetic pole winding of external stator core speed change magnetic pole (12) and the magnetic pole winding energising of external stator core benchmark magnetic pole, external stator core speed change magnetic pole (12) and external stator core benchmark magnetic pole produce rotating magnetic field jointly; By changing the mode of connection of external stator (1) magnetic pole winding, the magnetic pole of external stator (1) is made to produce high rotating speed rotating magnetic field or slow-speed of revolution rotating magnetic field respectively;

Need the position of magnetic pole of the inner rotor part of the internal rotor permanent-magnetic synchronous motor of pole-changing windings uniform according to high rotating speed number of magnetic poles, the radian that each inner rotor part magnetic pole takies calculates according to slow-speed of revolution number of magnetic poles; Internal rotor iron core (24) outer surface several internal rotor iron core grooves (4) uniform of inner rotor part, the quantity of internal rotor iron core groove (4) is the half of motor height rotating speed number of magnetic poles; Being internal rotor iron core salient pole (3) between internal rotor iron core groove (4), is internal rotor step trough (11) between adjacent internal rotor iron core groove (4) and internal rotor iron core salient pole (3); Each internal rotor step trough (11), internal rotor iron core groove (4) and internal rotor iron core salient pole (3) take the radian of a magnetic pole; Several outer rings mouse cage sliver (2) uniform below internal rotor iron core salient pole (3) and internal rotor step trough (11), several inner ring mouse cage slivers (6) uniform below internal rotor iron core groove (4), whole outer rings mouse cage sliver (2) and the two ends of inner ring mouse cage sliver (6) respectively have an internal rotor cage ring to link together; In inner rotor part a pair magnetic pole, only use an internal rotor permanent-magnetic body (5) as a magnetic pole, and utilize internal rotor iron core salient pole (3) as another one magnetic pole, internal rotor permanent-magnetic body (5) is pasted at each internal rotor iron core groove (4) place, in same inner rotor part, the pole polarity of internal rotor permanent-magnetic body (5) is identical, and namely the circular arc external surface of each internal rotor permanent-magnetic body (5) is N pole, or is all S pole; When internal rotor permanent-magnetic synchronous motor starts, the magnetic line of force of outer ring mouse cage sliver (2) and inner ring mouse cage sliver (6) cutting external stator (1) rotating magnetic field produces asynchronous starting torque, and inner rotor part is pulled in rotating speed; Internal rotor iron core salient pole (3) outer surface is salient pole air gap to the air gap of external stator (1) inner surface, internal rotor step trough (11) outer surface is step trough air gap to the air gap of external stator (1) inner surface, and internal rotor permanent-magnetic body (5) outer surface is permanent magnet air gap to the air gap of external stator (1) inner surface; Need the salient pole gas length of the internal rotor permanent-magnetic synchronous motor of pole-changing windings to be less than step trough gas length, step trough gas length is less than or equal to permanent magnet gas length;

Need the internal stator of the outer rotor permanent magnet motor of pole-changing windings (18) magnetic pole winding uniform according to slow-speed of revolution number of magnetic poles, permanent magnet synchronous motor is when high rotating speed runs, internal stator (18) the magnetic pole winding of energising is uniform according to high rotating speed number of magnetic poles, being inner-stator iron core benchmark magnetic pole according to internal stator (18) magnetic pole that high rotating speed number of magnetic poles is uniform, is inner-stator iron core speed change magnetic pole (20) between two adjacent inner-stator iron core benchmark magnetic poles; Permanent magnet synchronous motor when high rotating speed runs, the magnetic pole winding no power of inner-stator iron core speed change magnetic pole (20), inner-stator iron core speed change magnetic pole (20) does not produce rotating magnetic field; Permanent magnet synchronous motor is when the slow-speed of revolution runs, the magnetic pole winding of inner-stator iron core speed change magnetic pole (20) and the magnetic pole winding energising of inner-stator iron core benchmark magnetic pole, inner-stator iron core speed change magnetic pole (20) and inner-stator iron core benchmark magnetic pole produce rotating magnetic field jointly; By changing the mode of connection of internal stator (18) magnetic pole winding, the magnetic pole of internal stator (18) is made to produce high rotating speed rotating magnetic field or slow-speed of revolution rotating magnetic field respectively;

Need the position of magnetic pole of the external rotor parts of the outer rotor permanent magnet motor of pole-changing windings uniform according to high rotating speed number of magnetic poles, the radian that each external rotor parts magnetic pole takies calculates according to slow-speed of revolution number of magnetic poles; Outer rotor iron core (25) inner surface several outer rotor iron core grooves (15) uniform of external rotor parts, the quantity of outer rotor iron core groove (15) is the half of motor height rotating speed number of magnetic poles; Being outer rotor iron core salient pole (16) between outer rotor iron core groove (15), is external rotor step trough (19) between adjacent outer rotor iron core groove (15) and outer rotor iron core salient pole (16); Each external rotor step trough (19), outer rotor iron core groove (15) and outer rotor iron core salient pole (16) take the radian of a magnetic pole; Rotor iron core salient pole (16) and external rotor step trough (19) several external rotor mouse cage slivers (14) uniform below outside; Outer rotor iron core (25) outer ledge corresponding to outer rotor iron core salient pole (16) position has mouse cage reversing plate (13), and each mouse cage reversing plate (13) respectively has an external rotor cage ring to link together with the two ends of contiguous one group of external rotor mouse cage sliver (14); Outside in rotor part a pair magnetic pole, only use an outer rotor permanent magnet (17) as a magnetic pole, and utilize outer rotor iron core salient pole (16) as another one magnetic pole, outer rotor permanent magnet (17) is pasted at each outer rotor iron core groove (15) place, in same external rotor parts, the pole polarity of outer rotor permanent magnet (17) is identical, and namely the circular arc external surface of each outer rotor permanent magnet (17) is N pole, or is all S pole; When outer rotor permanent magnet motor starts, the magnetic line of force of external rotor mouse cage sliver (14) cutting internal stator (18) rotating magnetic field produces asynchronous starting torque, and external rotor parts are pulled in rotating speed; Outer rotor iron core salient pole (16) inner surface is salient pole air gap to the air gap of internal stator (18) outer surface, external rotor step trough (19) inner surface is step trough air gap to the air gap of internal stator (18) outer surface, and outer rotor permanent magnet (17) inner surface is permanent magnet air gap to the air gap of internal stator (18) outer surface; Need the salient pole gas length of the outer rotor permanent magnet motor of pole-changing windings to be less than step trough gas length, step trough gas length is less than or equal to permanent magnet gas length.