CN103579584A - Tubular nickel electrode for alkaline battery and preparation method of tubular nickel electrode - Google Patents
Tubular nickel electrode for alkaline battery and preparation method of tubular nickel electrode Download PDFInfo
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- CN103579584A CN103579584A CN201310560485.5A CN201310560485A CN103579584A CN 103579584 A CN103579584 A CN 103579584A CN 201310560485 A CN201310560485 A CN 201310560485A CN 103579584 A CN103579584 A CN 103579584A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/24—Electrodes for alkaline accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/24—Electrodes for alkaline accumulators
- H01M4/26—Processes of manufacture
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/24—Electrodes for alkaline accumulators
- H01M4/26—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/30—Pressing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/24—Electrodes for alkaline accumulators
- H01M4/32—Nickel oxide or hydroxide electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/70—Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
- H01M4/76—Containers for holding the active material, e.g. tubes, capsules
- H01M4/765—Tubular type or pencil type electrodes; tubular or multitubular sheaths or covers of insulating material for said tubular-type electrodes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Abstract
The invention relates to a tubular nickel electrode for an alkaline battery and a preparation method of the tubular nickel electrode. The tubular nickel electrode comprises at least one conductive base core, a collector electrode connected with one end of each conductive base core, and drainage pipes sleeved outside the at least one conductive base core, wherein one end of each drainage pipe is sealed and the other end of each drainage pipe abuts against the collector electrode; the number of the conductive base cores is the same as that of the drainage pipes; an active substance is filled between each conductive base core and the corresponding drainage pipe. Each drainage pipe is formed by weaving and curing a textile material with the high corrosion resistance, and an inward stress is provided for the active substance, so that the negative effect caused by the volume change of the active substance is neutralized, the active substance is prevented from being fallen off when the electrode is used, and the service life of the electrode is prolonged.
Description
Technical field
the present invention relates to a kind of alkaline battery, be specifically related to tubular type nickel electrode and preparation method thereof for a kind of alkaline battery.
Background technology
in alkaline battery, active material hydroxy nickel oxide/nickel hydroxide is widely used in multiple storage battery system, as Ni-H cell, metal-hydrogen nickel battery, Hawkins cell, zinc-nickel cell etc.Nickel hydroxide comprises α, two kinds of crystal formations of β, corresponding to two kinds of crystal formations of β, γ of hydroxy nickel oxide, is the reaction mechanism of diffusion of protons, and electrochemical reaction process is accompanied by change in volume.
traditionally, the preparation method of nickel electrode has 3 kinds: 1, bag (box) formula electrode, and active material and conductive materials graphite etc. mix and are filled in bag or are contained in the punching steel box of nickel plating, make electrode after compacting; 2, sintered electrode, mixes with pore creating material nickel powder by certain ratio, compressing or be coated on skeleton together with nickel plated steel strip skeleton, by sintering under reducing atmosphere, prepares sintered type matrix, after chemistry or electrochemical impregnation active material, makes electrode; 3, foam type or fiber type nickel electrode, adopt nickel foam or fiber nickel felt as the collector of electrode, after the active material that active material, conductive agent, additive and binding agent form is filled in collector hole, makes electrode.Bag (box) formula nickel electrode mechanical strength is good, reliability is high, material is cheap, but specific capacity, specific energy are lower, heavy-current discharge performance is poor, existing bag (box) formula nickel electrode application reduces gradually, now only for not high to volume, quality requirement, the fixedly field of employment that electric current is little.Sintered type nickel electrode mechanical strength is high, conduct electricity very well, high rate performance is high, but specific capacity is low, cost is high, energy consumption is high, and particularly nickel consumption is high, is difficult to reduce costs.Because matrix has high porosity and low-density feature, foam type and fiber type nickel electrode have very height ratio capacity, but the mechanical strength of electrode is low, because the change in volume of active material causes that the expansion of electrode causes electrode deformation, active material to come off, and affects electrode cycle life.We have proposed zinc-nickel single flow battery (ZL 200610109424.7), have the advantages that specific energy is high, specific power is large, operating temperature range is broad, and abundant raw materials, cost are low, can be to environment, as accumulation power supply, be with a wide range of applications, be applicable to carry out regenerative resource energy storage with the regenerative resources such as wind energy, solar energy are supporting.In zinc-nickel single flow battery, nickel electrode is one of important parts, also faces the difficult problem that nickel electrode specific capacity is low, cost is high.
there is following problem in current finished product nickel electrode: in (1) charge and discharge process, hydroxy nickel oxide/nickel hydroxide volume has significant change (expand, shrink), causes active material to come off seriously, and electrode life is impaired; (2) nickel electrode face amount is little, becomes the bottleneck of restriction alkaline battery total capacitance, specific energy; (3) complex process, cost are high, sintered nickel electrode especially, and cost accounts for the over half of single battery cost, becomes alkaline battery cost restraining factors and alkaline battery for the specific energy restraining factors of scale energy storage.
in sum, improving of new Type Nickel Electrodes is effectively to improve and improve the key of alkaline battery.
Summary of the invention
technical problem to be solved by this invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, and tubular type nickel electrode and preparation method thereof for a kind of alkaline battery is provided, and guarantees that in use procedure, positive active material does not come off, and improves the capacity of nickel electrode, extends battery.
for solving above technical problem, a kind of technical scheme that the present invention takes is:
a kind of alkaline battery tubular type nickel electrode, comprise conductive base core, the collector electrode being connected with conductive base core one end of at least one, be set in the comb outside conductive base core, one end sealing other end and the collector electrode of comb offset, the number of conductive base core is identical with the pipe number of comb, between conductive base core and comb, is filled with active material.
preferably, comb is woven, through curing agent solidifying and setting, is formed by fiber textile material, and fiber textile material is the one or more combination in Polyamide Yarns, polypropylene fiber silk, polytetrafluoroethylene, Kynoar.
preferably, porosity>=50% of comb, the braiding aperture of comb is not more than 50 microns, and the hole of comb is less than the particle diameter of active material.
preferably, the shape of cross section of comb is a kind of in circle, ellipse, square, rectangle, kidney-shaped.
preferably, the material of conductive base core is a kind of in nickel foam, nickel, nickel plating stainless steel, nickel-plated steel.
preferably, the shape of cross section of conductive base core be circle, annular, star, a kind of in square.
preferably, one end of comb is closed by detaining underseal.
further preferably, the button end is the seal buckle supporting with comb, and the material of seal buckle is the one or more combination thing in nylon, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl alcohol, furane resins.
preferably, active material is the mixed Ni electrode slurry that contains nickel hydroxide, nickel powder, cobalt oxide.
active component in active material is the mixed oxide of nickel hydroxide, hydroxy nickel oxide, can be conventional ball nickel, nano-sized nickel hydroxide or their mixture of alkaline battery, can be the coated nickel hydroxide of hydroxy cobalt oxide.
preferably, the material of collector electrode is a kind of in nickel, nickel plating stainless steel, nickel-plated steel, the offset shape that the inner tube with comb is sealed and matched mutually that is shaped as at position of collector electrode and comb.
a preparation method for tubular type nickel electrode for above-mentioned alkaline battery, comprises the following steps:
1, with loom, fiber textile material is made into the grey cloth of the single tube with blank pipe, braiding along with fiber textile material between single tube is joined together to form multitube grey cloth, multitube grey cloth is cut into needed dimensions and immerses curing agent, after drying, core rod is inserted in blank pipe, after solidifying, extract core rod out, after revising, obtain comb 3;
2, the granulation in comminutor by active material 4 waters or ethanol water, wherein, the granular size after granulation is not more than 0.5mm, and the volume ratio of water or ethanol water and active material 4 is not more than 20%;
3, collector electrode 1 is same material integrative-structure with conductive base core 2, or collector electrode 1 is Split type structure with conductive base core 2 and the two is welded together, comb 3 is set in outside conductive base core 2 and makes conductive base core 2 in comb 3 centers, with powder-filling machine fro, the particle of making in step (2) is clamp-oned in comb 3 and compacting, with the button end other end of described comb being sealed, wherein, comb 3 by stress that interior extrusion expansion causes be not less than 5 newton/centimetre;
4, by chemical activation or electrochemical process activation for resulting electrode base material in step (3), obtain alkaline battery tubular type nickel electrode.Wherein, chemical activation is for using persulfate, the resulting electrode base material 3-10 hour of aqueous hypochlorite solution soaking step (3); Electrochemical process activation is for to discharge and recharge the resulting electrode base material of step (3) 3-5 time with 0.1-0.5 multiplying power electric current.
due to the employing of above technical scheme, the present invention compared with prior art tool has the following advantages:
1, active material of the present invention is filled in pipe, conductive base core with combine closely fully, actual face amount is greater than the nickel electrode of other existing type, battery total capacitance is large.
2, comb of the present invention adopts fiber textile material braiding, the curing agent solidifying and setting that alkali resistance is strong to form, give inside stress of positive active material, can offset the negative effect that anodal change in volume is brought, alleviate hydroxy nickel oxide/nickel hydroxide change in volume, guarantee nickel electrode in use positive active material do not come off, can extend the useful life of electrode.
3, nickel electrode manufacture craft of the present invention is easy, efficiency is high, cost is low, steady quality is reliable, contributes to reduce the manufacturing cost of nickel electrode and alkaline battery.
Accompanying drawing explanation
fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention;
in figure: 1, collector electrode; 2, conductive base core; 3, comb; 4, active material.
Embodiment
below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described:
as shown in Figure 1, alkaline battery of the present invention tubular type nickel electrode, comprise that 19 diameters are 4.5mm, the circular nickel foam bar of the long porous loose structure for 70mm is as conductive base core 2, the collector electrode 1 being connected with conductive base core 2 one end, the material of collector electrode 1 is nickel plating stainless steel, outside conductive base core 2, being arranged with the length of conductive base core similar number is 70 mm, internal diameter is 5 mm, wall thickness is the circular comb 3 of 0.5 mm, comb 3 is woven by Polyamide Yarns, through curing agent solidifying and setting, form, the porosity of comb 3 is 50%, braiding aperture is 50 microns, the vinyon button underseal that one end of comb 3 is 5mm by external diameter closes, the other end and collector electrode 1 offset, the part that offsets of collector electrode 1 and comb 3 is for the external diameter low round platform that is 5mm is to seal comb 3, in space between conductive base core 2 and comb 3, be filled with the nickel electrode slurry mixing, in slurry, the percentage by weight of each component is nickel hydroxide 34%, nickel powder 34%, cobalt oxide 5%, water 25%, CMC 0.7% and PTFE 1.3%.
alkaline battery is as follows by the preparation method of tubular type nickel electrode: (1) is made into Polyamide Yarns with loom the grey cloth of the single tube with blank pipe, braiding along with Polyamide Yarns between single tube is joined together to form multitube grey cloth, multitube grey cloth is cut into needed dimensions to be immersed in curing agent bisphenol type epoxy vinyl esters resin, after drying, circular core rod is inserted in blank pipe, after solidifying, extract core rod out, after revising, obtain comb 3; (2) by active material 4(nickel hydroxide 34%, nickel powder 34%, cobalt oxide 5%, water 25%, CMC 0.7% and PTFE 1.3%) water granulation in comminutor with 25%, the granular size after granulation is 0.5mm; (3) parts with collector electrode 1 integrally welded structure by nickel foam conductive base core 2, comb 3 is set in outside conductive base core 2 and makes the center of conductive base core 2 in comb 3, with the particle that powder-filling machine fro is made step (2), clamp-on compacting in comb 3, with the button end other end of comb 3 being sealed, wherein, comb 3 by the caused stress of interior extrusion expansion be 5 newton/centimetre; (4) resulting electrode base material in step (3) is immersed in the 7M KOH aqueous solution to 15 hours, then with 0.25 multiplying power electric current, discharges and recharges 5 times, obtain.Discharging and recharging auxiliary electrode is excessive sintering cadmium electrode, charging/discharging voltage scope 0.9-1.8V.
a kind of alkaline battery tubular type nickel electrode, comprise that long 10 external diameters for 100mm are 4.5mm, wall thickness is that the nickel plating steel pipe of 0.5mm is as conductive base core 2, with the conductive base core 2 integrated collector electrodes 1 in one end, collector electrode 1 is long 100mm, the spill nickel plating steel disc of wide 20mm, outside conductive base core 2, being arranged with the length of conductive base core similar number is 105 mm, internal diameter is 5 mm, wall thickness is the circular comb 3 of 0.4 mm, comb 3 is woven by polypropylene fiber silk, through curing agent solidifying and setting, form, the porosity of comb 3 is 55%, braiding aperture is 50 microns, the polyvinyl alcohol plastic button underseal that one end of comb 3 is 5mm by external diameter closes, the part that offsets of collector electrode 1 and comb 3 is for the external diameter low round platform that is 5mm is to seal comb 3, in space between conductive base core 2 and comb 3, be filled with the nickel electrode slurry mixing, in slurry, the percentage by weight of each component is nickel hydroxide 85%, nickel powder 7%, cobalt oxide 6%, CMC 0.7% and PTFE 1.3%.
alkaline battery is as follows by the preparation method of tubular type nickel electrode: (1) is made into polypropylene fiber silk with loom the grey cloth of the single tube with blank pipe, braiding along with Polyamide Yarns between single tube is joined together to form multitube grey cloth, multitube grey cloth is cut into needed dimensions to be immersed in curing agent bisphenol type epoxy vinyl esters resin, after drying, circular core rod is inserted in blank pipe, after solidifying, extract core rod out, after revising, obtain comb 3; (2) by active material 4(nickel hydroxide 85%, nickel powder 7%, cobalt oxide 6%, CMC 0.7% and PTFE 1.3%) with mass fraction, be the granulation in comminutor of 95% ethanol water, granular size after granulation is 0.4mm, and the volume ratio of ethanol water and active material 4 is 15%; (3) matter of drawing materials is the conductive base core 2 of nickel-plated steel and the parts of collector electrode 1 integrative-structure, comb 3 is set in outside conductive base core 2 and makes the center of conductive base core 2 in comb 3, with the particle that powder-filling machine fro is made step (2), clamp-on compacting in comb 3, with the button end other end of comb 3 being sealed, wherein, comb 3 by the caused stress of interior extrusion expansion be 5 newton/centimetre; (4) resulting electrode base material in step (3) is immersed in the 7M KOH aqueous solution to 10 hours, then with 0.1 multiplying power electric current, discharges and recharges 3 times, obtain.Discharging and recharging auxiliary electrode is excessive sintering cadmium electrode, charging/discharging voltage scope 1-1.7 V.
a kind of alkaline battery tubular type nickel electrode, the stainless steel column of open squares nickel plating that 38 length of sides that comprise the long 250mm of being are 5.5cm is as conductive base core 2, the collector electrode 1 welding mutually with conductive base core 2 one end, the material of collector electrode 1 is nickel plating stainless steel, outside conductive base core 2, being arranged with the length of conductive base core similar number is 250 mm, internal diameter is 6 mm, wall thickness is the circular comb 3 of 0.5 mm, comb 3 is woven by Kynoar, through curing agent solidifying and setting, form, the porosity of comb 3 is 55%, braiding aperture is 45 microns, the igelite button underseal that one end of comb 3 is 6mm by external diameter closes, the part that offsets of collector electrode 1 and comb 3 is for the external diameter low round platform that is 6mm is to seal comb 3, in space between conductive base core 2 and comb 3, be filled with the nickel electrode slurry mixing, in slurry, the percentage by weight of each component is nickel hydroxide 83%, nickel powder 10%, cobalt oxide 5%, CMC 0.7% and PTFE 1.3%.
alkaline battery is as follows by the preparation method of tubular type nickel electrode: (1) is made into Kynoar with loom the grey cloth of the single tube with blank pipe, braiding along with Polyamide Yarns between single tube is joined together to form multitube grey cloth, multitube grey cloth is cut into needed dimensions to be immersed in curing agent bisphenol type epoxy vinyl esters resin, after drying, circular core rod is inserted in blank pipe, after solidifying, extract core rod out, after revising, obtain comb 3; (2) by active material 4(nickel hydroxide 83%, nickel powder 10%, cobalt oxide 5%, CMC 0.7% and PTFE 1.3%) with mass fraction, be the granulation in comminutor of 95% ethanol water, granular size after granulation is 0.4mm, and the volume ratio of ethanol water and active material 4 is 20%; (3) matter of drawing materials is the conductive base core 2 of nickel-plated steel and the parts of collector electrode 1 integrative-structure, comb 3 is set in outside conductive base core 2 and makes the center of conductive base core 2 in comb 3, with the particle that powder-filling machine fro is made step (2), clamp-on compacting in comb 3, with the button end other end of comb 3 being sealed, wherein, comb 3 by the caused stress of interior extrusion expansion be 7 newton/centimetre; (4) resulting electrode base material in step (3) is immersed in persulfate, aqueous hypochlorite solution to 7 hours, obtains.
comb of the present invention adopts the strong textile material Woven and set of alkali resistance to form, give inside stress of positive active material, offset the negative effect that anodal change in volume is brought, guarantee nickel electrode in use positive active material do not come off, extended the useful life of electrode.
above the present invention is described in detail, but the invention is not restricted to the embodiments described.The equivalence that all Spirit Essences according to the present invention are done changes or modifies, and all should be encompassed in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. an alkaline battery tubular type nickel electrode, it is characterized in that: comprise conductive base core (2), the collector electrode (1) being connected with conductive base core one end of at least one, be set in the comb (3) outside conductive base core, one end sealing other end and the described collector electrode (1) of described comb (3) offset, the number of described conductive base core (2) is identical with the pipe number of described comb (3), between described conductive base core (2) and comb (3), be filled with active material (4), alkaline battery tubular type nickel electrode.
2. alkaline battery according to claim 1 tubular type nickel electrode, it is characterized in that: described comb (3) is woven, through curing agent solidifying and setting, formed by fiber textile material, and described fiber textile material is the one or more combination in Polyamide Yarns, polypropylene fiber silk, polytetrafluoroethylene, Kynoar.
3. alkaline battery according to claim 1 tubular type nickel electrode, is characterized in that: porosity >=50% of described comb (3), the braiding aperture of described comb (3) is not more than 50 microns.
4. alkaline battery according to claim 1 tubular type nickel electrode, is characterized in that: a kind of in circle, ellipse, square, rectangle, kidney-shaped of the shape of cross section of described comb (3).
5. alkaline battery according to claim 1 tubular type nickel electrode, it is characterized in that: the material of described conductive base core (2) is a kind of in nickel foam, nickel, nickel plating stainless steel, nickel-plated steel, the shape of cross section of described conductive base core (2) is circle, annular, star, a kind of in square.
6. alkaline battery according to claim 1 tubular type nickel electrode, is characterized in that: one end of described comb (3) is closed by detaining underseal.
7. alkaline battery according to claim 6 tubular type nickel electrode, it is characterized in that: at the bottom of described button, be the seal buckle supporting with described comb (3), the material of described seal buckle is the one or more combination thing in nylon, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl alcohol, furane resins.
8. alkaline battery according to claim 1 tubular type nickel electrode, is characterized in that: the mixed Ni electrode slurry of described active material (4) for containing nickel hydroxide, nickel powder, cobalt oxide.
9. alkaline battery according to claim 1 tubular type nickel electrode, it is characterized in that: the material of described collector electrode (1) is a kind of in nickel, nickel plating stainless steel, nickel-plated steel the offset shape that the inner tube with described comb (3) is sealed and matched mutually that is shaped as at position of described collector electrode (1) and described comb (3).
10. a preparation method for tubular type nickel electrode for the alkaline battery as described in any one claim in claim 1 to 9, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
1, with loom, fiber textile material is made into the grey cloth of the single tube with blank pipe, braiding along with fiber textile material between single tube is joined together to form multitube grey cloth, multitube grey cloth is cut into needed dimensions and immerses curing agent, after drying, core rod is inserted in blank pipe, after solidifying, extract core rod out, after revising, obtain comb (3);
2, the granulation in comminutor by active material (4) water or ethanol water, wherein, the granular size after granulation is not more than 0.5mm, and the volume ratio of water or ethanol water and active material (4) is not more than 20%;
3, collector electrode (1) is same material integrative-structure with conductive base core (2), or collector electrode (1) is Split type structure with conductive base core (2) and the two is welded together, described comb (3) is set in outside conductive base core (2) and makes described conductive base core (2) in described comb (3) center, with powder-filling machine fro, the particle of making in described step (2) is clamp-oned in described comb (3) and compacting, with the button end other end of described comb being sealed, wherein, described comb (3) by stress that interior extrusion expansion causes be not less than 5 newton/centimetre;
4, by chemical activation or electrochemical process activation for resulting electrode base material in described step (3), obtain alkaline battery tubular type nickel electrode; Wherein, chemical activation is for to soak the resulting electrode base material 3-10 hour of described step (3) by persulfate, aqueous hypochlorite solution; Electrochemical process activation is for to discharge and recharge the resulting electrode base material of described step (3) 3-5 time with 0.1-0.5 multiplying power electric current.
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN109786797A (en) * | 2017-11-10 | 2019-05-21 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | A kind of zinc-nickel single flow battery anode activation method |
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CN1129856A (en) * | 1994-09-20 | 1996-08-28 | 三洋电机株式会社 | Nickel electrode active material, a nickel electrode and a nickel alkali storage cell using such nickel electrode active material, and production methods of such material electrode, and cell |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN109786797A (en) * | 2017-11-10 | 2019-05-21 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | A kind of zinc-nickel single flow battery anode activation method |
CN109786797B (en) * | 2017-11-10 | 2022-03-29 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | Activation method for positive electrode of zinc-nickel single flow battery |
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