CN103576411B - Multicolor femto-second laser pulse generation - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种多色飞秒激光脉冲产生装置，沿入射激光的前进方向，依次是第一小孔光阑、平凸透镜和分色镜，入射激光经所述的分色镜分为透射光束和反射光束，沿反射光束方向依次经长通滤波片、延时器、第二小孔光阑和第三高平反射银镜，入射到非线性透明固体介质上，所述的透射光束依次经过啁啾镜、第一高平反射银镜和第二高平反射银镜，入射到所述的非线性透明介质上，入射到所述的非线性透明介质的所述的透射光束和反射光束具有一定夹角，调节所述的延时器，使得两光束在时间和空间很好的重合，从而产生多色飞秒激光脉冲。本发明装置结构简单，可以应用于二维光谱学实验、强场激光实验和相干反斯托克斯拉曼光谱学实验等不同的非线性激光光谱学研究。
A multi-color femtosecond laser pulse generating device, along the forward direction of incident laser light, there are in turn a first aperture stop, a plano-convex lens and a dichroic mirror, and the incident laser light is divided into a transmitted beam and a reflected beam by the dichroic mirror , passing through the long-pass filter, the time delay device, the second pinhole diaphragm and the third high-level reflective silver mirror successively along the direction of the reflected beam, and incident on the nonlinear transparent solid medium, and the transmitted beam successively passes through the chirped mirror, The first high-flat reflective silver mirror and the second high-flat reflective silver mirror are incident on the nonlinear transparent medium, and the transmitted beam and reflected beam incident on the nonlinear transparent medium have a certain angle, and the adjusted The time delay device described above makes the two beams overlap well in time and space, thereby generating multicolor femtosecond laser pulses. The device of the invention has a simple structure and can be applied to different nonlinear laser spectroscopy studies such as two-dimensional spectroscopy experiments, strong field laser experiments and coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy experiments.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及飞秒激光，特别是一种多色飞秒激光产生装置。The invention relates to a femtosecond laser, in particular to a multi-color femtosecond laser generating device.
背景技术Background technique
飞秒激光及相应飞秒激光技术的研究随着飞秒激光脉冲在科研、生物、医疗、加工、通信、国防等社会各个领域的应用的拓展与深入而迅速发展。其中一个重要方面的应用是利用飞秒激光脉冲和飞秒激光光谱学方法来研究蛋白质，纳米材料，半导体等各类材料中的超快动力学特性。比如，可采用飞秒泵浦-探测技术和飞秒受激拉曼散射技术等研究蛋白质结构动力学，半导体和纳米材料载流子动力学。而二维光谱学实验、强场激光实验和相干反斯托克斯拉曼光谱学实验等多色飞秒泵浦-探测实验，需要两个及以上不同频率的飞秒激光脉冲。因此，一种结构简单的多色飞秒激光产生装置具有重要意义了。目前，多色飞秒激光主要是利用两束不同频率的飞秒激光束以一定夹角在非线性固体介质中级联四波混频（CFWM）产生。The research on femtosecond laser and corresponding femtosecond laser technology has developed rapidly with the expansion and deepening of the application of femtosecond laser pulses in scientific research, biology, medical treatment, processing, communication, national defense and other social fields. One of the important applications is the use of femtosecond laser pulses and femtosecond laser spectroscopy to study the ultrafast dynamics of proteins, nanomaterials, semiconductors and other materials. For example, femtosecond pump-probe technology and femtosecond stimulated Raman scattering technology can be used to study protein structural dynamics, semiconductor and nanomaterial carrier dynamics. However, multicolor femtosecond pump-probe experiments such as two-dimensional spectroscopy experiments, strong-field laser experiments and coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy experiments require two or more femtosecond laser pulses of different frequencies. Therefore, a multi-color femtosecond laser generating device with a simple structure is of great significance. At present, the multicolor femtosecond laser is mainly generated by cascading four-wave mixing (CFWM) in a nonlinear solid medium with two femtosecond laser beams of different frequencies at a certain angle.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供一种多色飞秒激光脉冲产生装置，该装置结构简单，并且模块化，可以应用于二维光谱学实验、强场激光实验和相干反斯托克斯拉曼光谱学实验等不同的非线性激光光谱学研究。The object of the present invention is to provide a multi-color femtosecond laser pulse generating device, which is simple in structure and modular, and can be applied to two-dimensional spectroscopy experiments, strong field laser experiments and coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy Experiments and other studies in different nonlinear laser spectroscopy.
本发明的技术解决方案如下：Technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
一种多色飞秒激光产生装置，特点在于其构成包括：沿入射激光的前进的方向，依次是第一小孔光阑、平凸透镜和分色镜，入射激光经所述的分色镜分为透射光束和反射光束，沿反射光束方向依次经长通滤波片、延时器、第二小孔光阑和第三高平反射银镜，入射到非线性透明固体介质上，所述的透射光束依次经过啁啾镜、第一高平反射银镜和第二高平反射银镜，入射到所述的非线性透明介质上，入射到所述的非线性透明介质的所述的透射光束和反射光束具有一定夹角，调节所述的延时器，使得两光束在时间和空间很好的重合，从而产生多色飞秒激光脉冲。A multi-color femtosecond laser generating device is characterized in that its composition includes: along the advancing direction of the incident laser light, followed by a first aperture stop, a plano-convex lens and a dichroic mirror, and the incident laser light is separated by the dichroic mirror The transmitted light beam and the reflected light beam are incident on the nonlinear transparent solid medium through the long-pass filter, the time delay device, the second aperture diaphragm and the third high-level reflective silver mirror along the direction of the reflected light beam. After passing through the chirped mirror, the first high-level flat reflecting silver mirror and the second high-level flat reflecting silver mirror in turn, they are incident on the nonlinear transparent medium, and the transmitted beam and reflected beam incident on the nonlinear transparent medium have With a certain included angle, the delayer is adjusted so that the two beams overlap well in time and space, thereby generating multicolor femtosecond laser pulses.
所述的延时器为由两块高平反射银镜与在同时位于同一平移台构成。The time delay device is composed of two high-level reflective silver mirrors which are located on the same translation platform at the same time.
首先，该装置是基于级联四波混频原理，该装置的光路图如图1所示，沿入射激光1前进的方向，依次为小孔2、平凸透镜3和分色镜4，入射激光束在分色镜处分成两路，一路经过分色镜反射，依次通过长通滤波片13、延时器14（虚线框：其中延时器是由两块高平反射银镜5、6与平移台构成）、小孔15和高平反射银镜9，入射到非线性透明固体介质11上，另一束透过分色镜，依次经过啁啾镜10、高平反射银镜7和8，最后与分色镜反射光束以一定夹角重合于非线性透明介质11上，调节延时器，使得两光束在时间和空间很好的重合，从而产生多色飞秒激光脉冲，，被位于后面的光谱仪12接收测量光谱。First of all, the device is based on the principle of cascaded four-wave mixing. The optical path diagram of the device is shown in Figure 1. Along the direction of incident laser 1, there are small holes 2, plano-convex lens 3 and dichroic mirror 4 in sequence. The incident laser The beam is divided into two paths at the dichroic mirror, one path is reflected by the dichroic mirror, and then passes through the long-pass filter 13 and the time delay device 14 (dotted line frame: wherein the time delay device is composed of two high-level reflective silver mirrors 5, 6 and translation platform), pinhole 15 and high-level silver mirror 9, incident on the nonlinear transparent solid medium 11, another beam passes through the dichroic mirror, passes through the chirped mirror 10, high-level silver mirrors 7 and 8 in turn, and finally combines with the dichroic mirror The light beam reflected by the color mirror overlaps on the nonlinear transparent medium 11 at a certain angle, and the delayer is adjusted so that the two beams overlap well in time and space, thereby generating a multicolor femtosecond laser pulse, which is detected by the spectrometer 12 at the back Receive the measured spectrum.
在装置结构中，小孔2和小孔15是便于调节光路用的。平凸透镜3的焦距是根据两路光束入射到非线性透明介质11上的整个光程来选择，使得重合的两路光光斑位于焦点附近。分色镜是根据入射激光束1的波段来选择，主要是将入射光束分成长短两个波段的光束。长通滤波片的选择，取决于经分色镜4反射光光束的波段以及后面需要产生的多色光的中心频率。延时器14的时间分辨率由平移台的平移精度决定，其时间分辨率的选择取决于两光束的脉宽。啁啾镜用于补偿入射光束的正啁啾，以使得短波段激光脉冲为负啁啾，光在啁啾镜之间的反射次数由入射光的正啁啾量和啁啾镜的色散补偿量参数决定。5、6、7、8、9为具有高反射率的平面反射镜，或者是银镜，或者是铝镜，也可以是介质反射镜，具体实验中由入射光的中心频率决定，选择相应反射率最高的平面反射镜。非线性透明介质11可以是BBO晶体、Sapphire、Fused silica、CaF2等非线性透明介质，实验中对非线性透明介质材料11的选择要求材料对入射激光透明，三阶非线性系数要高，并且厚度要合适。光谱仪12可以选择高光谱精度的光谱仪，用于提高测量精度和测量所有级次的多色光光谱。In the device structure, the small hole 2 and the small hole 15 are convenient for adjusting the optical path. The focal length of the plano-convex lens 3 is selected according to the entire optical path of the two beams incident on the nonlinear transparent medium 11, so that the overlapping beam spots of the two beams are located near the focal point. The dichroic mirror is selected according to the wavelength band of the incident laser beam 1, mainly to split the incident beam into beams of long and short wavelength bands. The selection of the long-pass filter depends on the wavelength band of the light beam reflected by the dichroic mirror 4 and the center frequency of the polychromatic light to be generated later. The time resolution of the delayer 14 is determined by the translation accuracy of the translation platform, and the selection of its time resolution depends on the pulse width of the two light beams. The chirped mirror is used to compensate the positive chirp of the incident beam, so that the short-wavelength laser pulse is negatively chirped. parameter decision. 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 are planar mirrors with high reflectivity, or silver mirrors, or aluminum mirrors, or dielectric mirrors. In the specific experiment, it is determined by the center frequency of the incident light, and the corresponding reflection Highest efficiency flat mirror. The nonlinear transparent medium 11 can be nonlinear transparent medium such as BBO crystal, Sapphire, Fused silica, CaF 2 , etc., the selection of the nonlinear transparent medium material 11 in the experiment requires the material to be transparent to the incident laser, and the third-order nonlinear coefficient should be high, and The thickness should be appropriate. The spectrometer 12 can be a spectrometer with high spectral accuracy, which is used to improve measurement accuracy and measure polychromatic light spectra of all orders.
固定长波段光束，通过调节高平反射镜7和8，使得短波段光束与长波段光束在空间上与长波段光束很好的重合于非线性透明介质11上，调节延时器，使得两光束在时间上最大限度的重合，这样就产生了明亮清晰的多种颜色的飞秒激光脉冲。平移位于非线性透明介质11后的光谱仪12，逐个测量不同级次的多色光光谱。值得注意的是，调节高平反射镜7和8，可以改变长、短波段两束光束之间的夹角，从而起到调谐的作用。Fixing the long-wavelength light beam, by adjusting the high-level reflectors 7 and 8, the short-wavelength light beam and the long-wavelength light beam are spatially well overlapped with the long-wavelength light beam on the nonlinear transparent medium 11, and the delayer is adjusted so that the two light beams are in the The maximum coincidence in time results in bright, clear multi-coloured femtosecond laser pulses. Translate the spectrometer 12 behind the nonlinear transparent medium 11 to measure the polychromatic light spectra of different orders one by one. It is worth noting that adjusting the high-level mirrors 7 and 8 can change the angle between the two light beams in the long and short wavelength bands, thereby playing a tuning role.
本发明具有以下显著的特点：The present invention has the following notable features:
（a）本发明是一个模块化的多色光产生装置，可以直接通过换不同分色镜和反射镜来调节装置，使得装置适用于不同波段的入射激光脉冲。(a) The present invention is a modular polychromatic light generating device, which can be adjusted directly by changing different dichroic mirrors and reflectors, so that the device is suitable for incident laser pulses of different wavelength bands.
（b）该发明装置结构简单，仅仅利用几块反射镜、一块分色镜和一对啁啾镜，就产生了多个颜色的飞秒激光脉冲。(b) The device of the invention has a simple structure, and only a few reflectors, a dichroic mirror and a pair of chirped mirrors are used to generate femtosecond laser pulses of multiple colors.
（c）该装置中对于入射激光脉冲的能量范围可以很大，因为可以选择不同材料不同厚度的非线性透明介质，选择合适材料和厚度的非线性透明介质，可以获得较高能量，脉宽少于10飞秒的多色激光脉冲。(c) The energy range of the incident laser pulse in this device can be very large, because nonlinear transparent media with different materials and different thicknesses can be selected, and nonlinear transparent media with suitable materials and thicknesses can be selected to obtain higher energy and less pulse width Multicolor laser pulses at 10 femtoseconds.
（d）本发明装置中，啁啾镜对带有正啁啾的入射光的补偿作用，使得短波段光束为负啁啾，而长波段没有经过啁啾补偿，本身就为正啁啾，这样产生的频率上转换光就带有一定量的负啁啾，通过玻璃片就可以对其脉宽进行压缩。(d) In the device of the present invention, the chirped mirror compensates the incident light with positive chirp, so that the short-wavelength light beam is negatively chirped, while the long-wavelength beam is positively chirped without chirp compensation, so The generated frequency up-converted light has a certain amount of negative chirp, and its pulse width can be compressed by passing through the glass plate.
（e）通过控制入射光能量、脉宽和非线性透明介质的厚度，可以达到控制产生的多色激光脉冲的能量和脉宽。(e) By controlling the incident light energy, pulse width, and the thickness of the nonlinear transparent medium, it is possible to control the energy and pulse width of the generated multicolor laser pulses.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明多色飞秒激光产生装置实施例的光路结构图。Fig. 1 is an optical path structure diagram of an embodiment of a multi-color femtosecond laser generating device of the present invention.
图2是本实施例的入射光光谱图。Fig. 2 is a spectrum diagram of incident light in this embodiment.
图3是短波段光谱图。Figure 3 is a short-wavelength spectrogram.
图4是长波段光谱图。Fig. 4 is a long-wave band spectrogram.
图5是利用本发明装置，在入射光波段为640-910nm，短波段光束在啁啾镜之间来回反射4次，长波段和短波段光束以夹角为θ=4.09°重合于厚度为2.0mm的Sapphire晶体上，所产生的多色飞秒激光脉冲。Figure 5 shows the use of the device of the present invention, where the incident light wavelength range is 640-910nm, the short-wavelength beam is reflected back and forth between the chirped mirrors 4 times, and the long-wavelength and short-wavelength beams overlap at an angle of θ=4.09° with a thickness of 2.0 Multicolor femtosecond laser pulses generated on a mm Sapphire crystal.
图6是利用本发明装置，在其他条件不变，非线性透明介质换为厚度为0.15mm的Sapphire晶体，所产生的多色飞秒激光脉冲。Fig. 6 is the polychromatic femtosecond laser pulse generated by using the device of the present invention, under other conditions unchanged, the non-linear transparent medium is replaced by a Sapphire crystal with a thickness of 0.15mm.
具体实施方式detailed description
先请参阅图1，图1为本发明多色飞秒激光产生装置实施例的光路结构图。由图可见，本发明多色飞秒激光产生装置，包括：沿入射激光1的前进的方向，依次是第一小孔光阑2、平凸透镜3和分色镜4，入射激光经所述的分色镜4分为透射光束和反射光束，沿反射光束方向依次经长通滤波片13、延时器14、第二小孔光阑15和第三高平反射银镜9，入射到非线性透明固体介质11上，所述的透射光束依次经过啁啾镜10、第一高平反射银镜7和第二高平反射银镜8，入射到所述的非线性透明介质11上，入射到所述的非线性透明介质11的所述的透射光束和反射光束具有一定夹角，调节所述的延时器，使得两光束在时间和空间很好的重合，从而产生多色飞秒激光脉冲。所述的延时器14为由两块高平反射银镜5、6与在同时位于同一平移台构成。Please refer to FIG. 1 first. FIG. 1 is an optical path structure diagram of an embodiment of a multi-color femtosecond laser generating device of the present invention. As can be seen from the figure, the multicolor femtosecond laser generating device of the present invention includes: along the advancing direction of the incident laser light 1, there are successively the first aperture stop 2, plano-convex lens 3 and dichroic mirror 4, and the incident laser light passes through the described The dichroic mirror 4 is divided into a transmitted light beam and a reflected light beam. Along the direction of the reflected light beam, it passes through the long-pass filter 13, the delay device 14, the second aperture diaphragm 15 and the third high-level reflective silver mirror 9, and is incident on the nonlinear transparent On the solid medium 11, the transmitted light beam sequentially passes through the chirped mirror 10, the first high-flat reflective silver mirror 7 and the second high-flat reflective silver mirror 8, and is incident on the nonlinear transparent medium 11, and then incident on the described The transmitted beam and the reflected beam of the nonlinear transparent medium 11 have a certain angle, and the delayer is adjusted so that the two beams overlap well in time and space, thereby generating multicolor femtosecond laser pulses. The delayer 14 is composed of two high-flat reflective silver mirrors 5, 6 and is located on the same translation platform at the same time.
对通过空心光纤展宽后的入射激光束1，由分色镜4分成两路，产生了不同级次的多色飞秒激光脉冲。在本实施例的光路中，激光器系统产生的入射激光束1的中心波长为800nm，重复频率为1kHz，脉宽为40fs的激光束通过充有1个大气压氩气的空心光纤展宽后，光谱范围展宽成了610--910nm（如图2所示），展宽后的入射激光束1依次经过小孔光阑2，焦距为f=50cm的平凸透镜3，再经过截止波长为805nm的分色镜4的反射和透射，分成了两路光束。经分色镜4反射的一路光束，通过截止波长为800nm的长通滤波片13，其光谱为790--910nm（如图4所示），能量为6.6μJ，经过时间分辨率为3fs的延时器14，再经高平反射银镜9，入射到非线性透明介质11上，另一路光束经分色镜透射，光谱为610--805nm（如图3所示），能量为7.0μJ，经过啁啾参数为-40fs2的啁啾镜10来回反射4次，使得光束带有一定量的负啁啾，再经过高平反射银镜7和8也入射到非线性透明介质11上。两路光束最后以夹角为θ=4.09°，重合于非线性透明介质11上，调节高平反射银镜7和8，使得两路光束在空间上最大限度的重合，调节延时器14，使得两路光束在时间上很好的重合，由于介质中的级联四波混频（CFWM）过程便在非线性透明介质11后，获得了不同波长，不同颜色的多色飞秒激光脉冲。在本实施案例中非线性透明介质11先是用了厚度为2.0mm的Sapphire晶体，得到的实验结果如图5所示，图5中(a)图as1是测得的一级频率上转换光的光谱图，（b）图as2是测得的二级频率上转换光的光谱。从光谱谱宽来说，两级次光谱进行傅里叶极限变换，都达到了10fs以下。图6是用厚度为0.15mm的Sapphire晶体作为非线性透明介质所得到的实验结果。图6中（a）图as1是测得的一级频率上转换光的光谱图，（b）图as2是测得的二级频率上转换光的光谱图。从光谱形状来看，啁啾量比较大，但是产生的多色光的傅里叶极限转换脉宽少于10fs。结合图3和图4，可见，选择合适厚度的非线性材料，对光束进行合适的啁啾补偿就可以得到窄脉宽（少于10fs）、较高能量(μJ量级)的高斯型多色激光脉冲。The incident laser beam 1 broadened by the hollow-core fiber is divided into two paths by the dichroic mirror 4 to generate multicolor femtosecond laser pulses of different orders. In the optical path of this embodiment, the center wavelength of the incident laser beam 1 generated by the laser system is 800nm, the repetition frequency is 1kHz, and the pulse width is 40fs. The broadening becomes 610--910nm (as shown in Figure 2). The broadened incident laser beam 1 sequentially passes through the pinhole diaphragm 2, the plano-convex lens 3 with a focal length of f=50cm, and then passes through the dichroic mirror with a cut-off wavelength of 805nm 4 reflection and transmission, split into two beams. A beam of light reflected by the dichroic mirror 4 passes through the long-pass filter 13 with a cut-off wavelength of 800nm, its spectrum is 790--910nm (as shown in Figure 4), the energy is 6.6μJ, and the time resolution is 3fs after delay The timer 14 is incident on the nonlinear transparent medium 11 through the high-level reflective silver mirror 9, and the other beam is transmitted through the dichroic mirror, the spectrum is 610--805nm (as shown in Figure 3), and the energy is 7.0μJ. The chirped mirror 10 with a chirp parameter of -40fs 2 reflects back and forth 4 times, so that the light beam has a certain amount of negative chirp, and then enters the nonlinear transparent medium 11 after passing through the high-flat reflective silver mirrors 7 and 8 . Finally, the two beams coincide on the nonlinear transparent medium 11 with an included angle of θ=4.09°, adjust the high-level reflective silver mirrors 7 and 8, so that the two beams overlap to the greatest extent in space, and adjust the delay device 14, so that The two beams overlap well in time, and multicolor femtosecond laser pulses of different wavelengths and colors are obtained behind the nonlinear transparent medium 11 due to the cascaded four-wave mixing (CFWM) process in the medium. In this implementation case, the nonlinear transparent medium 11 first uses a Sapphire crystal with a thickness of 2.0 mm, and the experimental results obtained are shown in Figure 5, and Figure 5 (a) as1 in Figure 5 is the measured frequency of the first-order frequency up-converted light Spectrogram, (b) Figure as2 is the measured spectrum of the secondary frequency upconverted light. In terms of spectral width, the Fourier limit transform of the two-stage sub-spectrum has reached below 10 fs. Fig. 6 is the experimental result obtained by using a Sapphire crystal with a thickness of 0.15 mm as a nonlinear transparent medium. In Figure 6 (a) as1 is the measured spectrum of the primary frequency up-converted light, (b) as2 is the measured spectrum of the secondary frequency up-converted light. From the perspective of the spectral shape, the amount of chirp is relatively large, but the Fourier limit conversion pulse width of the polychromatic light generated is less than 10fs. Combining Figure 3 and Figure 4, it can be seen that by choosing a nonlinear material with an appropriate thickness and performing appropriate chirp compensation on the beam, Gaussian polychromatic with narrow pulse width (less than 10fs) and higher energy (μJ order) can be obtained laser pulse.
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