CN103575415A - On-line temperature monitoring system and method for intermediate joints of buried cable - Google Patents
On-line temperature monitoring system and method for intermediate joints of buried cable Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an on-line temperature monitoring system and method for power cables, in particular to an on-line temperature monitoring system and method for intermediate joints of a buried cable. The monitoring system is composed of wireless sensor nodes, TEGs, a wireless temperature measurement concentrator and a monitor center, wherein the intermediate joints of the buried cable are located below cable work wells; the wireless sensor nodes and the TEGs are installed on the outer surfaces of the intermediate joints of the buried cable; the wireless temperature measurement concentrator is installed in a switching station or a ring main unit or a cable branch box at a cable terminal or a branch joint; an antenna of the wireless temperature measurement concentrator extends into a cable channel to collect monitor data of the wireless sensor nodes and send the monitor data to the monitor center through a GPRS or an optical fiber. According to the on-line temperature monitoring system and method for the intermediate joints of the buried cable, the TEGs and an energy collector are adopted to convert temperature difference into electric energy to be supplied for a wireless sensor, and at the same time, the monitor data are collected in a wireless mode; the wireless sensor nodes work in a low-power dissipation mode, and therefore the power dissipation of the whole monitoring system is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Temperature of Power Cables on-line monitoring system and monitoring method thereof, specifically relate to a kind of underground cable Joint Temperature on-line monitoring system and monitoring method thereof.
Background technology
Along with the development of urbanization and urban distribution network, power cable ， China average year increment of being used widely reaches 35%.Along with the increase of cable usage quantity, the raising of transmission line capability, once the harm of breaking down is serious, so the operational reliability of power cable more and more comes into one's own.By discovery that Our Country Primary Cities power cable operation troubles rate is investigated, in 5～25 years in 1～5 year of cable initial stage operation and after putting into operation, the failure rate of electric cable fitting (comprising take-off connection, no-go sub and intermediate head) is the highest always.Especially the requirement of cable intermediate joint manufacture craft is high, exists the possibility of accident potential larger, and the on-line monitoring that therefore it is carried out to temperature is significant.
Existing cable on-line temperature monitoring method comprises point type thermometry and line formula thermometry.1) conventional port thermometry adopts thermopair, thermal resistance, thermistor equitemperature sensor measurement intermediate head containment vessel outside surface or cable body surface of outer sheath partial points temperature, and its monitoring device generally uses battery or the power supply of electromagnetic induction electricity getting device.If employing powered battery, its at high temperature easily explosion, and need to regularly replace battery, maintenance workload is large.While adopting the power supply of electromagnetic induction electricity getting device, if electric current is less in cable, electric energy cannot take out, and monitoring device quits work; If cable current is larger, easily burn out monitoring device.When monitoring triple cable, electromagnetic induction electricity getting device cannot be worked.2) line formula thermometry generally adopt temperature sensing cable, distributed optical fiber temperature sensor, fiber-optical grating temperature sensor along cable line colligation on cable jacket surface (or being embedded in cable inside), measure cable temperature completely.The method is applicable to measure cable temperature trend and hot bottleneck region completely, but length is high apart from laid down cost, installation work is huge.
Summary of the invention
High for existing cable intermediate head on-line monitoring system cost, power supply difficulty, the problems such as installation and maintenance difficulties are large, the object of this invention is to provide a kind of underground cable Joint Temperature on-line monitoring system, another object is to provide a kind of underground cable Joint Temperature on-line monitoring method, the present invention adopts wireless senser to measure cable intermediate joint exocuticle temperature, with wireless way for transmitting Monitoring Data, and utilize thermoelectric generator and energy harvester to convert the temperature difference to electric energy and power for wireless senser, there is cost low, non-maintaining, easy for installation, safe coefficient advantages of higher.
The object of the invention is to adopt following technical proposals to realize:
The invention provides a kind of underground cable Joint Temperature on-line monitoring system, described system comprises N wireless sensing node, thermoelectric generator, wireless temperature measurement manifold and the Surveillance center that is arranged at the aboveground side of cable work, its improvements are, cable intermediate joint is arranged at cable work downhole, and single wireless sensing node and thermoelectric generator are installed on the outside surface of cable intermediate joint successively side by side; Described wireless temperature measurement manifold is installed in switching station, ring main unit or the cable branch box of cable termination, take-off connection, its Antenna extender to conduit line is collected the Monitoring Data of wireless sensor node, and described wireless temperature measurement manifold carries out data interaction by GPRS or optical fiber and Surveillance center.
Preferably, the side that described thermoelectric generator temperature is high sticks on cable intermediate joint exocuticle, and the side that temperature is low is diffused into hot-fluid in air by heating radiator; Between adjacent cable intermediate head, distance is 100～400 meters.
Preferably, described single wireless sensor node comprises and connects successively energy harvester, microcontroller and the first wireless transceiver, semiconductor temperature sensor is connected with microcontroller, and semiconductor temperature sensor and the first wireless transceiver all obtain power supply by the VOUT pin of microcontroller in Fig. 2; Also no signal connects between the two.
More preferably, described energy harvester comprises collection of energy managing chip, miniature transformer, super capacitor and capacitor; Described miniature transformer, super capacitor and capacitor are all connected on collection of energy managing chip;
Energy harvester is the operating voltage of microcontroller, the first wireless transceiver and semiconductor temperature sensor by the voltage transitions of thermoelectric generator output, when output voltage reach preset value 93% time to microcontroller, export effective PGOOD signal, super capacitor is charged simultaneously; When the voltage of thermoelectric generator output is during lower than 20mV, super capacitor starts electric discharge, and is that microcontroller, the first wireless transceiver and semiconductor temperature sensor are powered by collection of energy managing chip.
More preferably, described semiconductor temperature sensor adopts the sensor of TMP36 model, and when it is operated in normal mode, working current is less than 50 μ A; When it is during in " shut " mode", working current is less than 0.5 μ A.
More preferably, the On-Chip peripheral such as the inner integrated analog digit converter of described microcontroller, timer, general purpose I/O, interruptable controller;
Microcontroller is connected with the first wireless transceiver by serial peripheral SPI interface, and utilize the output of general purpose I/O to close or off signal SDN(SDN signal refers to Shutdown signal, and close or off signal) control electrification reset and the working power of the first wireless transceiver;
Microcontroller start by set date analog to digital converter is converted to digital signal by temperature analog signal, and sends Monitoring Data by the first wireless transceiver; When not carrying out analog to digital conversion, microcontroller is exported this signal of shutdown signal #SHDN(of exporting to temperature sensor by the pin on microcontroller) set low, forbid the first wireless transceiver sending function simultaneously;
Microcontroller adopts listen mode to carry out the reception of data;
Microcontroller enters park mode when idle, and its working current is down to 1 μ A, and allows timer to interrupt waking up device.
More preferably, utilizing thermoelectric generator and energy harvester to convert the temperature difference of cable intermediate joint and environment to electric energy, is described wireless sensor node power supply.
Preferably, described wireless temperature measurement manifold is by the civil power in switching station, ring main unit or cable branch box, PT power supply or storage battery power supply, comprise microprocessor, the second wireless transceiver (identical with wireless sensor node of the model of this wireless transceiver, is SI4463), GPRS module/fiber optic Ethernet interface, LCD display, radio circuit and antenna; Described the second wireless transceiver, GPRS module/fiber optic Ethernet interface are connected with microprocessor respectively with LCD display, and described antenna is connected with the second wireless transceiver by radio circuit.
More preferably, described wireless temperature measurement manifold is for the parameter of this locality demonstration of the temperature data collecting conduit line wireless sensor node and upload, temperature data and alarm parameter, configuration wireless sensor node; Receive and carry out the order of Surveillance center and upload Monitoring Data.
Preferably, the frequency range of described wireless sensor node and wireless temperature measurement manifold radio communication is 433MHz, and communication protocol is IEEE802.15.4g, and authenticates by key.
The present invention is based on a kind of underground cable Joint Temperature on-line monitoring method that another object provides, its improvements are, described method comprises the steps:
(1) thermoelectric generator is converted to voltage signal by the temperature difference of its both sides, and exports the energy harvester of wireless sensor node to;
(2) energy harvester is the operating voltage of microcontroller, the first wireless transceiver and semiconductor temperature sensor by the voltage transitions of thermoelectric generator output, and wireless sensor node enters mode of operation;
(3) mode that described wireless sensor node adopts pointwise to collect is uploaded Monitoring Data to wireless temperature measurement manifold;
(4) wireless temperature measurement manifold receives after the data of wireless sensor node transmission, carries out this locality and shows, upload the data to Surveillance center simultaneously, and warning function is provided.
Preferably, in described step (2), when output voltage reach preset value 93% time to microcontroller, export effective PGOOD signal, super capacitor is charged simultaneously; When the voltage of thermoelectric generator output is during lower than 20mV, super capacitor starts electric discharge, and is that microcontroller, the first wireless transceiver and semiconductor temperature sensor are powered by collection of energy managing chip.
Preferably, in described step (3), in conduit line, in each wireless sensor node, have unique numbering and positional information.
Preferably, in described step (4), user can be shielded the configuration parameter data that wireless sensor node is set while issuing by LCD, and first wireless temperature measurement manifold is passed to N node by data, then by N node, pass to N-1 node, finally by No. 2 nodes, pass to node No. 1; Described configuration parameter comprises emissive power, data acquisition and transmission interval, mode of operation and time and date.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effect that the present invention reaches is:
1. in underground cable Joint Temperature on-line monitoring system provided by the invention, its wireless sensor node adopts thermoelectric generator TEG and energy harvester power supply, avoided laying the huge workload of special-purpose service cable or periodic replacement battery, get rid of potential safety hazard and unreliability because adopting electromagnetic induction electricity getting device power supply station to bring simultaneously, there is non-maintaining, easy for installation, low cost and other advantages;
2. between the wireless sensor node in the present invention and wireless temperature measurement manifold, adopt wireless way for transmitting data, removed the extra communications cable from, simultaneity factor anti-electromagnetic interference capability is strong;
3. the wireless sensor node in the present invention is with very low dutycycle work, and its data upload has adopted the mode of pointwise collection, thereby has reduced system power dissipation;
4. the present invention utilizes energy collection technology that used heat is converted to the required electric energy of wireless sensor node work, has played the effect of energy-conserving and environment-protective.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural drawing of underground cable Joint Temperature on-line monitoring system provided by the invention;
Fig. 2 is wireless sensor node structure principle chart provided by the invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail.
, the power problems such as difficulty, installation and maintenance difficulties large high for existing cable intermediate head on-line monitoring system cost, it is wireless senser power supply that the present invention adopts thermoelectric generator and energy harvester to convert the temperature difference to electric energy, gathers Monitoring Data with wireless mode simultaneously; Wireless senser is worked in low-power consumption mode, thereby has reduced the power consumption of whole monitoring system.
As shown in Figure 1, this temperature online monitoring system comprises that at least one wireless sensing node, thermoelectric generator (TEG), wireless temperature measurement manifold and background monitoring center (main website) that is arranged at the aboveground side of cable work forms to the structural drawing of underground cable Joint Temperature on-line monitoring system provided by the invention.Wherein underground cable intermediate head is positioned at cable work downhole, and the distance of adjacent joint is 100～400 meters; Each wireless sensor node and thermoelectric generator are arranged on cable center tap outside surface successively side by side; Wireless temperature measurement manifold is installed in switching station, ring main unit or the cable branch box at cable termination or take-off connection place, its Antenna extender is collected the Monitoring Data of wireless sensor node to conduit line, and it is sent to background monitoring center by GPRS or optical fiber.
One) thermoelectric generator TEG:
Thermoelectric generator TEG application Seebeck effect (Seebeck Effect) can be converted to voltage by the temperature difference of its both sides, and the amplitude of output voltage and polarity depend on amplitude and the polarity of temperature difference.The side that thermoelectric generator temperature is high sticks on cable intermediate joint exocuticle, and the side that temperature is low is diffused into hot-fluid in air by heating radiator, to guarantee that thermoelectric generator both sides form the temperature difference.
Two) wireless sensor node: formed by energy harvester, microcontroller, the first wireless transceiver and semiconductor temperature sensor, wherein, energy harvester, microcontroller and the first wireless transceiver are connected successively, semiconductor temperature sensor is connected with microcontroller, and its structure principle chart as shown in Figure 2.
<1> energy harvester mainly comprises collection of energy managing chip LTC3108, miniature transformer T1(model: LPR6235-752SMLB), super capacitor and other capacitors.Energy harvester can be converted to the voltage (2.2V, 3.3V) that microcontroller, the first wireless transceiver and semiconductor temperature sensor can be worked by the voltage (20mV～500mV) of TEG output, when output voltage VO UT reach preset value 93% time just to microcontroller, export effective PGOOD signal, super capacitor is charged to 5.25V simultaneously.When the voltage of TEG output is during lower than 20mV, super capacitor starts electric discharge, and is that microcontroller, the first wireless transceiver and semiconductor temperature sensor are powered by LTC3108.
<2> semiconductor temperature sensor TMP36 is converted to analog voltage signal by temperature signal, and exports microcontroller to.When it is operated in normal mode, working current is less than 50 μ A; When it is during in " shut " mode", working current is less than 0.5 μ A.
<3> microcontroller is the control center of whole wireless sensor node, the On-Chip peripherals such as its inner integrated ADC, timer, general purpose I/O, interruptable controller.Microcontroller is connected with the first wireless transceiver SI4463 by SPI interface, and utilizes electrification reset and the working power of general purpose I/O output SDN signal controlling the first wireless transceiver.Microcontroller start by set date ADC is converted to digital signal by temperature analog signal, and sends Monitoring Data by the first wireless transceiver.When not carrying out A/D conversion, microcontroller just sets low the #SHDN signal of exporting to temperature sensor, to reduce the power consumption of temperature sensor, forbids the first wireless transceiver sending function simultaneously.For the reception of data, adopt listen mode, the average current consuming to reduce wireless transceiver.Microcontroller just enters park mode when idle, and its working current can be down to 1 μ A, and allows timer to interrupt waking up device.Because microcontroller and the first wireless transceiver are with lower dutycycle work, so its average power consumption is very low, is several milliwatts left and right.
Three) wireless temperature measurement manifold: by the civil power in switching station/ring main unit/cable branch box, PT power supply or storage battery power supply, comprise microprocessor, the second wireless transceiver, GPRS module/fiber optic Ethernet interface, LCD display, radio frequency (RF) circuit, antenna etc.Wherein, wireless transceiver, GPRS module/fiber optic Ethernet interface are connected with microprocessor respectively with LCD display, and antenna is connected with the second wireless transceiver by radio frequency (RF) circuit.
The function of wireless temperature measurement manifold comprises: collect parameter, the reception of this locality demonstration of temperature data that in conduit line, wireless sensor node is uploaded, temperature data and alarm, configuration wireless sensor node and carry out Surveillance center order, upload Monitoring Data etc.
In monitoring system provided by the invention, the frequency range of wireless sensor node and wireless temperature measurement collector radio communication is 433MHz, and communication protocol is IEEE802.15.4g, and authenticates by key.
The present invention also provides a kind of monitoring method of underground cable Joint Temperature on-line monitoring, comprises the steps:
(1) thermoelectric generator TEG is converted to voltage signal by the temperature difference of its both sides and exports energy harvester to.Energy harvester is converted to the voltage that microcontroller and the first wireless transceiver can be worked, the average power P of its output by faint voltage (20～500mV)
oUTwhen TEG temperature difference is 5 ℃, approximately the concrete numerical value of 1.5～2.5mW(depends on the parameter of TEG).Due to P in most cases
oUTcan not maintain wireless sensor node and be operated under normal mode always, so this node can only be with certain dutycycle work.The capacitor C of the output terminal of energy harvester
oUTcan guarantee V after wireless sensor node is with peak power work a period of time
oUTcan not fall to below normal operation.C
oUTvalue can be determined by following formula:
C
OUT＝I
PULSE*t
PULSE/ΔV
OUT；
Wherein: I
pULSEand t
pULSEbe respectively maximum operating currenbt and the corresponding working time thereof of wireless sensor node, Δ V
oUTfor V
oUTthe maximum pressure drop that output terminal allows.
If power consumption during wireless sensor node normal operation is P
n, the dutycycle of its work should be less than P
oUT/ P
n.
If average power consumption when wireless sensor node be take fixed duty cycle work is P
q,, when the voltage of thermoelectric generator TEG output is less than 20mV, the energy that super capacitor stores can maintain working time of node and be:
t
S＝C
STORE*(5.25V-3.3V)/P
Q；
Wherein: C
sTOREcapacitance for super capacitor.
(2) mode that wireless sensor node adopts pointwise to collect is uploaded Monitoring Data to wireless temperature measurement manifold: in conduit line, in each wireless sensor node, have unique numbering and positional information.The mode that data upload adopts pointwise to collect: supposing that apart from thermometric manifold node serial number be farthest 1, is secondly 2, apart from thermometric manifold nearest be numbered N; When carrying out temperature data uploading, be first that No. 1 node is passed to node No. 2 by data, then No. 2 nodes are together sent to node No. 3 by No. 1 node and the data of self, and last N node is issued wireless temperature measurement manifold by the data of all nodes.All nodes only send a secondary data a data upload in the cycle, thereby have reduced its average power consumption.
(3) wireless temperature measurement manifold receives after the data of sensor node transmission, just carries out this locality and shows, upload the data to as required Surveillance center, and warning function is provided simultaneously.User can by LCD shield wireless sensor node is set configuration parameter (as emissive power, data acquisition and transmission interval, mode of operation, time and date etc.) during data distributing, first wireless temperature measurement manifold is passed to N node by data, then by N node, passes to N-1 node, finally by No. 2 nodes, passes to node No. 1.
Underground cable Joint Temperature on-line monitoring system provided by the invention and monitoring method thereof, take collection of energy and wireless sensor technology as core, by thermoelectric generator and energy harvester, converting the temperature difference of cable intermediate joint epidermis and environment to electric energy is that wireless senser is powered, thereby removed the battery in sensor from, make it have non-maintaining, safe and reliable, be convenient to the features such as installation.
Finally should be noted that: above embodiment is only in order to illustrate that technical scheme of the present invention is not intended to limit, although the present invention is had been described in detail with reference to above-described embodiment, those of ordinary skill in the field are to be understood that: still can modify or be equal to replacement the specific embodiment of the present invention, and do not depart from any modification of spirit and scope of the invention or be equal to replacement, it all should be encompassed in the middle of claim scope of the present invention.
Claims (14)
1. a underground cable Joint Temperature on-line monitoring system, described system comprises N wireless sensing node, thermoelectric generator, wireless temperature measurement manifold and the Surveillance center that is arranged at the aboveground side of cable work, it is characterized in that, cable intermediate joint is arranged at cable work downhole, and single wireless sensing node and thermoelectric generator are installed on the outside surface of cable intermediate joint successively side by side; Described wireless temperature measurement manifold is installed in switching station, ring main unit or the cable branch box of cable termination, take-off connection, its Antenna extender to conduit line is collected the Monitoring Data of wireless sensor node, and described wireless temperature measurement manifold carries out data interaction by GPRS or optical fiber and Surveillance center.
2. temperature online monitoring system as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the side that described thermoelectric generator temperature is high sticks on cable intermediate joint exocuticle, and the side that temperature is low is diffused into hot-fluid in air by heating radiator; Between adjacent cable intermediate head, distance is 100～400 meters.
3. temperature online monitoring system as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described single wireless sensor node comprises and connect successively energy harvester, microcontroller and the first wireless transceiver, and semiconductor temperature sensor is connected with microcontroller; Semiconductor temperature sensor and the first wireless transceiver all obtain power supply by the VOUT pin of microcontroller.
4. temperature online monitoring system as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that, described energy harvester comprises collection of energy managing chip, miniature transformer, super capacitor and capacitor; Described miniature transformer, super capacitor and capacitor are all connected on collection of energy managing chip;
Energy harvester is the operating voltage of microcontroller, the first wireless transceiver and semiconductor temperature sensor by the voltage transitions of thermoelectric generator output, when output voltage reach preset value 93% time to microcontroller, export effective PGOOD signal, super capacitor is charged simultaneously; When the voltage of thermoelectric generator output is during lower than 20mV, super capacitor starts electric discharge, and is that microcontroller, the first wireless transceiver and semiconductor temperature sensor are powered by collection of energy managing chip.
5. temperature online monitoring system as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that, described semiconductor temperature sensor adopts the sensor of TMP36 model, and when it is operated in normal mode, working current is less than 50 μ A; When it is during in " shut " mode", working current is less than 0.5 μ A.
6. temperature online monitoring system as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that, the inner integrated analog digit converter of described microcontroller, timer, general purpose I/O, interruptable controller On-Chip peripheral;
Microcontroller is connected with the first wireless transceiver by serial peripheral SPI interface, and utilizes general purpose I/O to export to close or off signal SDN controls electrification reset and the working power of the first wireless transceiver;
Microcontroller start by set date analog to digital converter is converted to digital signal by temperature analog signal, and sends Monitoring Data by the first wireless transceiver; When not carrying out analog to digital conversion, microcontroller sets low the shutdown signal #SHDN that exports to temperature sensor, forbids the first wireless transceiver sending function simultaneously;
Microcontroller adopts listen mode to carry out the reception of data;
Microcontroller enters park mode when idle, and its working current is down to 1 μ A, and allows timer to interrupt waking up device.
7. temperature online monitoring system as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that, utilizes thermoelectric generator and energy harvester to convert the temperature difference of cable intermediate joint and environment to electric energy, is described wireless sensor node power supply.
8. temperature online monitoring system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described wireless temperature measurement manifold, by the civil power in switching station, ring main unit or cable branch box, PT power supply or storage battery power supply, comprises microprocessor, the second wireless transceiver, GPRS module/fiber optic Ethernet interface, LCD display, radio circuit and antenna; Described the second wireless transceiver, GPRS module/fiber optic Ethernet interface are connected with microprocessor respectively with LCD display, and described antenna is connected with the second wireless transceiver by radio circuit.
9. temperature online monitoring system as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that, described wireless temperature measurement manifold is for collecting the parameter of this locality demonstration of temperature data that conduit line wireless sensor node uploads, temperature data and alarm parameter, configuration wireless sensor node; Receive and carry out the order of Surveillance center and upload Monitoring Data.
10. temperature online monitoring system as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the frequency range of described wireless sensor node and wireless temperature measurement manifold radio communication is 433MHz, and communication protocol is IEEE802.15.4g, and authenticates by key.
11. 1 kinds of underground cable Joint Temperature on-line monitoring methods, is characterized in that, described method comprises the steps:
(1) thermoelectric generator is converted to voltage signal by the temperature difference of its both sides, and exports the energy harvester of wireless sensor node to;
(2) energy harvester is the operating voltage of microcontroller, the first wireless transceiver and semiconductor temperature sensor by the voltage transitions of thermoelectric generator output, and wireless sensor node enters mode of operation;
(3) mode that described wireless sensor node adopts pointwise to collect is uploaded Monitoring Data to wireless temperature measurement manifold;
(4) wireless temperature measurement manifold receives after the data of wireless sensor node transmission, carries out this locality and shows, upload the data to Surveillance center simultaneously, and warning function is provided.
12. on-line temperature monitoring methods as claimed in claim 11, is characterized in that, in described step (2), when output voltage reach preset value 93% time to microcontroller, export effective PGOOD signal, super capacitor is charged simultaneously; When the voltage of thermoelectric generator output is during lower than 20mV, super capacitor starts electric discharge, and is that microcontroller, the first wireless transceiver and semiconductor temperature sensor are powered by collection of energy managing chip.
13. on-line temperature monitoring methods as claimed in claim 11, is characterized in that, in described step (3), have unique numbering and positional information in conduit line in each wireless sensor node.
14. on-line temperature monitoring methods as claimed in claim 11, it is characterized in that, in described step (4), user can be shielded the configuration parameter data that wireless sensor node is set while issuing by LCD, first wireless temperature measurement manifold is passed to N node by data, then by N node, pass to N-1 node, finally by No. 2 nodes, pass to node No. 1; Described configuration parameter comprises emissive power, data acquisition and transmission interval, mode of operation and time and date.
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