CN103571614A - Preparation method of castor oil and castor oil prepared through same - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a preparation method of castor oil, which comprises pulverizing castor beans, leaching with a solvent, and desolventizing the obtained mixed oil; wherein the solvent is a mixed solvent composed of petroleum ether and diethyl ether. Preferably, the volume ratio of petroleum ether and diethyl ether in the mixed solvent is 5:5-9:1; the mass-volume ratio of castor beans to the mixed solvent is 1:1-1:7. The preparation method of the invention has high leaching efficiency and less energy consumption. The invention also provides castor oil prepared by the preparation method.

Description

A kind of preparation method of castor oil and castor oil prepared therefrom

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of oil industry or chemical industry, in particular to a preparation method for extracting castor oil with a mixed solvent and the prepared castor oil.

Background technique

Castor (Ricinus communis) is an annual or perennial herbaceous plant of Euphoribia L. It is one of the top ten oil crops in the world and is widely planted in the world. The main producing areas are India, China, Brazil and other countries, and its output accounts for More than 90% of the world's production. In my country, castor is mainly produced in Inner Mongolia, Jilin, Shandong and Shanxi. Castor bean has a high oil content, accounting for about 45-55% of the seed weight. The castor oil contained in it is the only natural fatty acid containing hydroxyl groups, which has special physical and chemical properties. Castor oil is an important chemical raw material, which is widely used in chemical industry, textile, light industry, medicine and other departments. It mainly produces high-grade lubricating oil, paint, coating, soap, ink, dyeing aid, plasticizer, polyurethane, emulsifier, etc. Because planting castor has a wide range of uses and high economic value, it occupies an important position in the national economy. Especially in today's world, oil is facing a crisis of exhaustion. Castor, as a plant source oil, has sustainable The unique and irreplaceable value of production is increasingly being valued by countries all over the world, and its industrial prospects are very broad.

There are two main ways to obtain castor oil: mechanical pressing and solvent extraction. Mechanical pressing methods include cold pressing (hydraulic pressing) and hot pressing (screw pressing), but both have the problem of low oil yield. The solvent extraction method is to remove impurities from castor beans, shell them, dry them, pulverize them, extract them with solvents, and then refine them to obtain the finished castor oil. The solvent leaching method has the characteristics of low cost, less residual oil and high oil yield. At present, petroleum ether and n-hexane are commonly used solvents in oil leaching process, but due to the special structure of castor oil, the efficiency of petroleum ether and n-hexane leaching castor oil is not high. The Chinese invention patent application whose application number is CN101108975A discloses a method for leaching castor oil with methanol. The Chinese invention patent application whose publication number is CN101684429A adopts ethanol to leaching castor oil. Though said method has improved the leaching rate of castor oil, introduces many impurities simultaneously, has increased the refining treatment cost of castor oil. And all need heating, energy consumption is high. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a new castor oil preparation method that is more efficient and energy-saving.

Contents of the invention

Aiming at the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides a new method for preparing castor oil by solvent leaching. The method has high extraction rate of castor oil, simple operation and is suitable for industrial production.

In order to realize the above-mentioned purpose of the invention, the present invention takes the following technical solutions:

A preparation method of castor oil comprises the steps of pulverizing castor beans, extracting with a solvent, and desolventizing the obtained mixed oil; the solvent is a mixed solvent composed of petroleum ether and diethyl ether.

Preferably, the preparation method of the present invention specifically includes the following steps:

(1) castor beans are shelled, dried and crushed to obtain castor bean powder;

(2) Put the castor bean powder obtained in step 1 into a container, add the mixed solvent according to the mass volume ratio, and stir and extract;

(3) Separating the solid-liquid mixture obtained in step 2, desolventizing the mixed oil, refining or not refining, that is.

In the preparation method of the present invention, preferably, the volume ratio of petroleum ether and diethyl ether in the mixed solvent is 2:8˜8:2. More preferably, the volume ratio of petroleum ether and diethyl ether in the mixed solvent is 6:4˜8:2.

In the preparation method of the present invention, preferably, the mass volume ratio of castor beans and the mixed solvent is 1:1˜1:7. More preferably, the mass volume ratio of castor beans to the mixed solvent is 1:3˜1:6.

In the preparation method of the present invention, preferably, leaching is performed 1 to 3 times, each time for 30 to 150 minutes. Among them, leaching is done once, preferably for 60-120 minutes; or for 2-3 times, preferably for 30-90 minutes each time.

In the preparation method of the present invention, preferably, when leaching, stir with an electric stirrer, the power of the electric stirrer is 50W, and the rotation speed is 2-8rpm.

The method for preparing castor oil using mixed solvents of the present invention is generally carried out at normal temperature.

In the present invention, the vacuum precipitating method is preferably used to desolventize the mixed oil, and the obtained solvent is recovered and recycled, thereby reducing the cost.

As a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a kind of preparation method of castor oil, specifically comprises the following steps:

(1) Castor beans are removed from impurities, shelled, dried and crushed to obtain castor bean powder;

(2) Put the castor bean powder obtained in step 1 into a container, add a mixed solvent, and stir and extract 1 to 3 times with an electric stirrer at room temperature, each time for 30 to 150 minutes; wherein, the mixed solvent is determined by volume ratio 2:8～8:2 petroleum ether and diethyl ether, the mass volume ratio of castor bean powder and the mixed solvent is 1:1～1:7, the power of the electric stirrer is 50W, and the speed is 2-8rpm;

(3) Separating the solid-liquid mixture obtained in step 2 to obtain mixed oil and castor meal; the mixed oil is vacuum desolvated to obtain castor oil; the recovered solvent is recycled, and the castor meal is dried Detoxification as feed.

As a more preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a kind of preparation method of castor oil, specifically comprises the following steps:

(1) Castor beans are removed from impurities, shelled, dried and crushed to obtain castor bean powder;

(2) Put the castor bean powder obtained in step 1 into a container, add a mixed solvent, and stir and leach once with an electric agitator at room temperature for 60-90 minutes, or 2-3 times with an electric agitator , each 30～90min; Wherein, described mixed solvent is made of sherwood oil and ether of volume ratio 6:4～8:2, and the mass volume ratio of castor bean powder and described mixed solvent is 1:3～1: 6. The power of the electric mixer is 50W, and the speed is 2-8rpm;

(3) Separating the solid-liquid mixture obtained in step 2 to obtain mixed oil and castor meal; the mixed oil is vacuum desolvated to obtain castor oil; the recovered solvent is recycled, and the castor meal is dried Detoxification as feed.

The technical process of the preparation method of castor oil of the present invention, see Fig. 1.

Another object of the present invention is to provide castor oil prepared by the preparation method.

Beneficial effects of the present invention:

1. The castor oil is leached with a mixed solvent of petroleum ether and ether, and the leaching rate is high. Under the same conditions, the castor oil leaching rate of the mixed solvent of the present invention reaches 80.43%, which is 3.3 times and 3.8 times that of single sherwood oil and single n-hexane respectively, while the castor oil leaching rates of methanol, dehydrated alcohol and anhydrous ether All below 75%, lower than the mixed solvent of the present invention.

2. The preparation method of the present invention has high efficiency, and 80.43% castor oil can be extracted by using the mixed solvent for leaching once.

3. The preparation method of the present invention is carried out at normal temperature without heating, which reduces energy consumption.

4. Electric stirrer is used for stirring during leaching, which is suitable for industrial production.

Therefore, the preparation method of castor oil of the present invention is a new castor oil leaching method with low cost, short time consumption, high leaching rate and few leaching impurities.

It is found through preliminary experiments that the composition of the mixed solvent of the present invention, the solid-liquid ratio of castor beans and the mixed solvent and the extraction time are the main factors affecting the extraction effect of castor oil. Therefore, the above parameters are optimized through the following experiments.

1. The composition of the mixed solvent

Put 10g of castor bean powder into a container, add a mixed solvent composed of petroleum ether (boiling point 60-90°C)-diethyl ether, the ratio of castor bean weight to mixed solvent volume is 1:3, at room temperature, the power is 50W, and the speed is The 5rpm electric stirrer stirred and extracted once for 120min; the influence of diethyl ether content in the mixed solvent on the extraction effect of castor oil was investigated, and the results are shown in Table 1.

The influence of table 1 ether content different on castor oil extraction effect

The results in Table 1 show that the addition of diethyl ether can significantly increase the leaching rate of castor oil, especially when the volume percentage of diethyl ether is 20% to 80%. However, ether is extremely volatile, and the content of ether in the mixed solvent is too high, which will bring potential safety hazards and is not suitable for industrial production. Therefore, the composition of the mixed solvent is preferably petroleum ether: ether = 6:4 ~ 8:2; more preferably, petroleum ether: ether = 7:3

2. The amount of mixed solvent

Put 10g of castor bean powder into a container, add a mixed solvent composed of petroleum ether (boiling range 60-90°C)-diethyl ether with a volume ratio of 7:3, and stir with an electric stirrer with a power of 50W and a speed of 5rpm at room temperature. Extract 1 time, leaching 120min; Investigate the influence of the amount of mixed solvent on the extraction effect of castor oil, the results are shown in Table 2.

The influence of table 2 mixed solvent dosage on castor oil extraction effect

The results in Table 2 show that increasing the amount of mixed solvent can increase the leaching rate of castor oil; but when the volume of mixed solvent is more than 3 times the weight of castor beans, the system reaches equilibrium, and the leaching rate of castor oil is basically stable at about 45%. . Considering factors such as comprehensive cost and benefit, the dosage of the mixed solvent is preferably: the ratio of the weight of castor beans to the volume of the mixed solvent is 1:3-1:6.

3. Extraction time

Put 10g of castor bean powder into a container, add a mixed solvent composed of petroleum ether (boiling point 60-90°C)-diethyl ether with a volume ratio of 7:3, the ratio of the weight of castor beans to the volume of the mixed solvent is 1:3, at room temperature , power 50W, rotating speed is 5rpm electric stirrer stirring extraction 1 time; Investigate the influence of extraction time on castor oil extraction effect, the results are shown in Table 3.

The influence of table 3 extraction time on castor oil extraction effect

The results in Table 3 show that within the range of 30 to 60 minutes, prolonging the extraction time can significantly increase the extraction rate of castor oil; however, the extension of the extraction time basically has no effect on the extraction rate of castor oil if the extraction time exceeds 60 minutes. Therefore, considering cost, benefit and other factors comprehensively, the leaching time is preferably 60-90 minutes for one extraction.

4. The influence of extraction times on the extraction effect

Put 0.5Kg of castor bean powder into a container, add a mixed solvent composed of petroleum ether (boiling point 60-90°C)-diethyl ether with a volume ratio of 7:3, the ratio of the weight of castor beans to the volume of the mixed solvent is 1:3, and store at room temperature The electric stirrer with a power of 50W and a rotating speed of 5rpm was used for stirring and leaching, each time for 60 minutes; the influence of different leaching times on the leaching rate of castor oil was investigated, and the results are shown in Table 4 and Figure 2.

The impact of table 4 leaching times on leaching effect

Table 4 and Figure 2 show that, using a mixed solvent composed of petroleum ether and diethyl ether, stirring and leaching once for 60 minutes, most of the castor oil can be leached out, and almost all the castor oil can be leached out twice.

In a word, by above research, the present invention provides a kind of optimal process of castor oil leaching:

The castor beans are pulverized, put into a container, add a mixed solvent composed of petroleum ether and ether with a volume ratio of 6:4 to 8:2, and the mass volume ratio of the castor beans powder to the mixed solvent is 1:3 to 1: 6. At room temperature, stir and extract once with an electric stirrer for 60-90 minutes;

More preferred process conditions are:

Pulverize castor beans, put them in a container, add a mixed solvent composed of petroleum ether and diethyl ether with a volume ratio of 7:3, the mass volume ratio of castor bean powder and the mixed solvent is 1:3～1:6, at room temperature , stirring and extracting once with an electric stirrer, and extracting for 60-90 minutes.

In order to extract more fully, it can be extracted 2 to 3 times, 30 to 90 minutes each time.

Description of drawings

Below, describe embodiment of the present invention in detail in conjunction with accompanying drawing, wherein:

Fig. 1 has shown the process flow chart of castor oil preparation method of the present invention.

Figure 2 shows the relationship between the number of extractions and the extraction rate of castor oil.

Fig. 3 has shown the castor oil leaching rate of different solvents in comparative example.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be described below with reference to specific examples. Those skilled in the art can understand that these examples are only used to illustrate the present invention and do not limit the scope of the present invention in any way.

The experimental methods in the following examples are conventional methods unless otherwise specified. The medicinal raw materials, reagent materials, etc. used in the following examples are all commercially available products unless otherwise specified. The petroleum ether used in the following examples has a boiling range of 60-90°C.

Example 1

(1) Pretreatment of 0.5Kg castor beans: removing impurities and pests, shelling, drying, and crushing to obtain castor bean powder;

(2) Put the castor bean powder obtained in step 1 into a container, add 1.5L of petroleum ether-diethyl ether mixed solvent with a volume ratio of 9:1 (solid-liquid ratio 1:3); stir and extract with an electric stirrer at room temperature 1 time, leaching for 60 minutes; the power of the electric stirrer is 50W, and the speed is 2rpm;

(3) The solid-liquid mixture obtained in step 2 was separated by filtration to obtain mixed oil and castor meal; the mixed oil was desolvated in vacuum to obtain 0.1557Kg castor oil with an extraction rate of 58.05%.

Example 2

Castor bean 0.5Kg, adopts the preparation method similar to embodiment 1; Difference is:

The volume ratio of petroleum ether and diethyl ether in the mixed solvent was 7:3, and the rotation speed of the electric stirrer was 4 rpm.

The castor oil 0.2158Kg was prepared, and the leaching rate was 80.43%.

Example 3

Castor bean 0.5Kg, adopts the preparation method similar to embodiment 1; Difference is:

The volume ratio of petroleum ether and diethyl ether in the mixed solvent is 5:5, and the rotation speed of the electric stirrer is 5 rpm.

0.1903 kg of castor oil was prepared, and the leaching rate was 70.95%.

Example 4

Castor bean 0.5Kg, adopts the preparation method similar to embodiment 1; Difference is:

Add 0.5 L of mixed solvent (solid-liquid ratio 1:1), wherein the volume ratio of petroleum ether and diethyl ether is 7:3, and the rotation speed of the electric stirrer is 5 rpm.

Prepare castor oil 0.092Kg, leaching rate 34.23%.

Example 5

Castor bean 0.5Kg, adopts the preparation method similar to embodiment 1; Difference is:

Add 2.5 L of mixed solvent (solid-liquid ratio 1:5), wherein the volume ratio of petroleum ether and diethyl ether in the mixed solvent is 7:3, and the rotation speed of the electric stirrer is 8 rpm.

0.2237 kg of castor oil was prepared, and the leaching rate was 83.16%.

Example 6

Castor bean 0.5Kg, adopts the preparation method similar to embodiment 1; Difference is:

Add 3.5L of mixed solvent (solid-liquid ratio 1:7), the volume ratio of petroleum ether and diethyl ether in the mixed solvent is 7:3, leaching for 150min, the speed of electric stirrer is 5rpm.

Prepare castor oil 0.2316Kg, leaching rate 86.35%.

Example 7

Castor bean 0.5Kg, adopts the preparation method similar to embodiment 1; Difference is:

The volume ratio of petroleum ether and diethyl ether in the mixed solvent is 7:3, leaching once, leaching 30min, the speed of the electric stirrer is 5rpm.

Prepare castor oil 0.1821Kg, leaching rate 68.27%.

Example 8

Castor bean 0.5Kg, adopts the preparation method similar to embodiment 1; Difference is:

The volume ratio of petroleum ether and diethyl ether in the mixed solvent is 7:3, leaching twice, each leaching 60min, the rotating speed of the electric stirrer is 5rpm.

Prepare castor oil 0.2464Kg, leaching rate 91.84%.

Example 9

Castor bean 0.5Kg, adopts the preparation method similar to embodiment 1; Difference is:

The volume ratio of petroleum ether and diethyl ether in the mixed solvent is 7:3, leaching 3 times, each leaching 60min, the rotating speed of the electric stirrer is 5rpm.

The castor oil 0.2487Kg was prepared, and the leaching rate was 92.73%.

Example 10

Castor bean 0.5Kg, adopts the preparation method similar to embodiment 1; Difference is:

The volume ratio of petroleum ether and diethyl ether in the mixed solvent is 7:3, leaching once, each leaching 150min, the speed of the electric stirrer is 5rpm.

Prepare castor oil 0.2163Kg, leaching rate 80.63%.

Comparison of the leaching effects of different solvents in the comparative example

Castor bean 0.5Kg, adopts the preparation method similar to embodiment 1; Difference is:

The solvents are n-hexane, petroleum ether, methanol, absolute ethanol, anhydrous ether and a mixed solvent (the volume ratio of petroleum ether and ether in the mixed solvent is 7:3), leached once for 120min, and the electric stirrer The rotation speed is 5rpm. The influence of different solvents on the leaching rate was investigated, and the results are shown in Table 5 and Figure 3.

The leaching effect of different solvents in table 5

Table 5 and Figure 3 show that the mixed solvent composed of petroleum ether-diethyl ether (7:3) has the highest leaching rate of castor oil, which is higher than other polar or non-polar single solvents.

In a word, the present invention adopts the mixed solvent composed of the petroleum ether and ether, and the leaching rate of castor oil is high. The preparation method of the castor oil of the invention has the advantages of simple and convenient operation, low energy consumption and is suitable for industrialization.

The above description of the specific embodiments of the present invention does not limit the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make various changes or deformations according to the present invention, as long as they do not depart from the spirit of the present invention, all should belong to the scope of the appended claims of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a preparation method of Viscotrol C, comprising castor bean pulverization, with solvent extraction, the mixed oil desolventization that obtains; It is characterized in that: described solvent is the mixed solvent that sherwood oil and ether form. 2. preparation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: specifically comprise the following steps: (1) Castor beans are removed from impurities, shelled, dried and crushed to obtain castor bean powder; (2) Put the castor bean powder obtained in step 1 into a container, add the mixed solvent, stir and extract; (3) Separating the solid-liquid mixture obtained in step 2, desolventizing the mixed oil, refining or not refining, that is. 3. The preparation method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the volume ratio of petroleum ether and diethyl ether in the mixed solvent is 5:5˜9:1. 4. The preparation method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: the volume ratio of petroleum ether and diethyl ether in the mixed solvent is 6:4-8:2. 5. The preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: the mass volume ratio of castor bean powder to the mixed solvent is 1:1˜1:7. 6. according to the preparation method described in claim 5, it is characterized in that: the mass volume ratio of castor bean powder and described mixed solvent is 1:2～1:5. 7. The preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: leaching 1 to 3 times, 30 to 150 minutes each time. 8. The preparation method according to claim 7, characterized in that: leaching once for 60-120 minutes; or 2-3 times for 30-90 minutes each time. 9. The preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: when leaching, stir with an electric stirrer, the power of the electric stirrer is 50W, and the rotating speed is 2-8rpm. 10. the castor oil prepared according to the preparation method described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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