CN1035706C - rechargeable zinc-manganese battery - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention belongs to an electrochemical accumulator.

The invention is realized by the following steps: the positive electrode is made by covering the manganese oxide on the outer layer of graphite carbon or lead and other metal materials, and the additional material is acetylene black or activated carbon. The electrolyte is basic zinc salt [ Zn (NH) ] generated by zinc chloride and ammonia water ₃ ) ₄ ](OH) ₂ And ammonium chloride (NH) ₄ Cl), and ammonium chloride (NH) is added ₄ Cl). The negative electrode is graphite carbon or lead, and the solution is neutral in the charging and discharging processes.

The accumulator has less corrosion, good performance, low cost, easy manufacture and good development prospect.

Description

Rechargeable zinc-manganese battery

The invention relates to a rechargeable zinc-manganese battery, and belongs to the field of chemistry.

The traditional lead-acid storage battery has serious corrosivity and short service life; the nickel-cadmium battery has good performance but high price, and the zinc-manganese battery can be used only once though the zinc-manganese battery has low price, and causes pollution to the environment.

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a rechargeable zinc-manganese battery which has low corrosivity, good performance, low price and easy manufacture.

The rechargeable zinc-manganese battery of the invention comprises a positive electrode, a negative electrode and an electrolyte, and is characterized in that the positive electrode of the battery is covered with a mixture of manganese monoxide and manganese dioxide outside graphite carbon or metallic lead, the mixture is added with ethyl black or active carbon, and an electrolyte solution is a product of zinc chloride and a proper amount of ammonia water, namely basic zinc salt and ammonium chloride, and is added with ammonium chloride. The negative electrode is a conductor of activated carbon or lead.

When charged, the manganese monoxide of the positive electrode is changed into manganese dioxide (MnO) ₂ ) The negative electrode conductor is provided with zinc (Zn) generated by solution reaction, and the electrolyte forms two ammonium chlorides (2 NH) ₄ Cl) and four ammonia waters (4 NH) ₃ ·H ₂ O) and the original additional ammonium chloride (Nh) ₄ Cl), the solution is neutral.

After discharge, the positive electrode is reduced to manganese monoxide (MnO), the negative electrode is still the body of the original conductor, and the electrolyte forms two ammonium chlorides (2 NH) ₄ Cl) and basic zinc salt [ Zn (NH) ₃ ] ₄ (OH) ₂ And ammonium chloride (NH) added originally ₄ Cl), the solution is still neutral.

The working principle is described by combining the attached drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a charging principle

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the discharge principle

As shown, the names of the parts are as follows:

[1] a positive electrode lead, [2] a mixture of manganese monoxide and manganese dioxide and an additional material, [3] an electrolyte, [4] a separator, [5] a container, [6] a negative electrode conductor, [7] a power source, [8] a load, [9] manganese dioxide and an additional material.

Electrolyte [3]With zinc chloride (ZnCl) ₂ ) With aqueous ammonia (NH) ₃ ·H ₂ Basic zinc salt formed from O) [ Zn (NH) ₃ ) ₄ ](OH) ₂ And ammonium chloride (NH) ₄ Cl), and additionally ammonium chloride (NH) ₄ Cl)。

1. Charging:

container [5]Basic zinc salt of solution [ Zn (NH) ] ₃ ) ₄ ](OH) ₂ Under the action of water molecules, the compound dissociates into positive ions of ammonium zinc salt [ Zn (NH) ₃ ) ₄ ⁺ ]And two hydroxide anions 2 (OH) ^- External power electric field [7]]Under the action of (2), the positive ion of zinc salt [ Zn (NH) ] ₃ ) ₄ ⁺ ]Move to the negative electrode [6]]From the negative electrode conductor [6]]The two electrons (2 e) are obtained and reduced to zinc molecules (Zn) which are attached to the conductor. At this time, four ammonia molecules are combined with water molecules to produce four ammonia waters (4 NH) ₃ ·H ₂ O), negative ions of two hydroxide ions move to the positive electrode [2]]Losing an oxygen anion (O) ^2- ) Combines with manganese monoxide (MnO) losing two electrons to generate a manganese dioxide molecule (MnO) ₂ ). Two hydroxide anions lose one oxygen anion (O) ^2- ) To generate a water molecule (H) ₂ O)。

The reaction formula is as follows:

(cathode)

(solution)

(Positive electrode)

(solution)

In a preparation container [5]When the solution is dissolved, two ammonium chlorides (2 NH) are generated in the solution ₄ Cl) four ammonia waters (4 NH) ₃ ·H ₂ O), and ammonium chloride (NH) added during preparation ₄ Cl) is neutral.

2. Discharging:

when the load is switched on [8]]Then, the negative pole [6]]Action of electrons on electromotive forceDown through an external circuit [1]]Continuously moving to positive pole [2]]Due to the negative pole [6]]Positive electrode [2]]Two electrons (2 e) are removed and one zinc atom is reduced to a positive zinc ion (Zn) ⁺ ) Two chloride ions (2 Cl) which subsequently dissociate from the two ammonium chlorides in the solution ^- ) Combine to form a zinc chloride (ZnCl) ₂ ) Two ammonia cations (2 NH) ₄ ⁺ ) Moves to the positive electrode [2]]Discarding two hydrogen cations (2H) ⁺ ) And [9]]Negative oxygen ion (O) derived from medium manganese dioxide ^2- ) Combine to form a water molecule (H) ₂ O), the remaining two ammonia molecules combine with two water molecules in the solution to form two ammonia hydrate molecules (2 NH) ₃ ·H ₂ O), so that the negative electrode [6] is discharged until the discharge is completed]Leaving only the bulk of the conductor, positive [2], not participating in the reaction]The solution is changed into manganese monoxide, and the two ammonium chlorides and basic zinc salt and the originally added ammonium chloride (NH) ₄ Cl)。

The reaction formula is as follows:

(cathode)

(solution)

$2{\mathrm{NH}}_4^{+}-{2H}^{+}=2N{H}_3$ (solution)

(solution)

(Positive electrode)

(solution)

As can be seen from the discharge, there are two ammonia chlorides (2 NH) in solution ₄ Cl) and one basic zinc salt [ Zn (NH) ₃ ) ₄ ](OH) ₂ And ammonium chloride (NH) added originally ₄ Cl), the solution is still neutral.

The general reaction formula is as follows:

NMnO ₂ ＋(2NH ₄ Cl＋4NH ₃ ·H ₂ o) + Zn cathode

In the process of charging and discharging, the invention does not consume water, and is an ideal storage battery.

3. The main properties are as follows: (Experimental tests)

(1) Standard voltage 2V

(2) pH after charging =7-9

(3) pH =5-7 after discharge

(4) The efficiency is about 90 percent

The battery has good development prospect, can select the optimal structure and develop various series products.

Claims (2)

1. A rechargeable Zn-Mn battery is composed of positive electrode, negative electrode and electrolyte, and features that the positive electrode is made up of graphite carbon or lead through coating the mixture of Mn monoxide and Mn dioxide, adding ethyl black or activated carbon, and the electrolyte solution is basic Zn salt, ammonium chloride and ammonium chloride.

2. The rechargeable zinc-manganese dioxide cell of claim 1, wherein said negative electrode is a graphitic carbon or lead conductor.

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