CN103570141A - 一种快速改善小型湖泊水体黑臭的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种快速改善小型湖泊水体黑臭的方法，向水体投加硝酸根和反硝化菌，投加量为：水体中1g COD投加5-6g硝酸根，每亩水面投加2-3Kg固态反硝化菌，同时将水体pH值调整为5-6。本发明能迅速改善水体黑臭现象，具有投资省、见效快、效果好、易操作等优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于污水净化技术领域，更详细地涉及一种快速改善小型湖泊水体黑臭的方法。
背景技术
黑臭是有机污染的一种极端现象，是由于水体缺氧，有机物腐败而造成的，引起水体黑臭的主要原因为水体中有机物质的厌氧分解。当大量的有机污染物进入水体，在好氧微生物的生化作用下，消耗了水体中大量的氧气，厌氧细菌大量繁殖，使有机物腐败、分解、发酵，分解为氨氮、腐殖质、硫化氢、甲烷和硫醇等。此过程引起耗氧大于复氧，造成缺氧环境，产生的有臭气体逸出水面进入大气，水中铁、锰等重金属还原，与水中的硫还原态，形成了大量带负电胶体的包括FeS及MnS在内的硫化物悬浮颗粒，使水体变黑、变臭。因此改善黑臭河道的关键在于改善水体的氧化还原状态，曝气充氧是改善水体黑臭最常见的技术手段，但曝气充氧周期较慢，效果较差，容易将底泥翻搅起来，运行条件难以控制，在一些偏远地区由于供电系统不完善也难以实现曝气充氧。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种快速改善小型湖泊水体黑臭的方法。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供的快速改善小型湖泊水体黑臭的方法，向水体投加硝酸根和反硝化菌，投加量为：水体中1g COD投加5-6g硝酸根，每亩水面投加2-3Kg固态反硝化菌，同时将水体pH值调整为5-6。
所述的方法中，硝酸根投加处是距该断面上游2Km处，反硝化菌投加处是在距该断面1Km的范围内。
所述的方法中，硝酸根为硝酸钙或硝酸钠。
所述的方法中，水体中挂软性生物膜载体以保证反硝化菌的繁殖速度，生物膜载体为多孔填料，比表面积大于2000。
所述的方法中，反硝化菌为反硝化杆菌、斯氏杆菌中的一种或两种。
本发明采用投加硝酸根并调节水体pH，可以短期内改善水体的氧化还原电位，将引起黑臭的亚铁离子和锰离子氧化为三价铁或高价锰，进而消除水体的黑色。同时引入反硝化细菌。投加的硝酸根在反硝化细菌的参与下，短期内迅速消耗水体的有机物，同时由于反硝化细菌的繁殖，能够与硫化细菌形成竞争机制，抑制硫化细菌的生长，进而抑制硫化氢的产生。因此本发明一方面可以改善水体氧化还原电位，将引起水体发黑的MnS与FeS氧化，进而消除水体黑色，同时降低水体耗氧物质的COD的浓度，还可以抑制硫化氢的产生，多管齐下改善水体黑臭现象。
具体实施方式
本发明针对典型的黑臭水体，提出了一套见效快，效果好，易操作的方法。
首先向水体中投加硝酸钙或硝酸钠，投加量根据水质监测结果计算，为了保证湖泊水体某断面的水体黑臭现象发生，需要距该断面上游2Km处投加硝酸根，距该断面1Km的范围内均匀投加反硝化菌，水体中1g COD投加需投加5-6g硝酸钙，同时将水体pH值调整为5-6，反硝化细菌每亩水面2-3Kg，为保证反硝化细菌的繁殖速度，水体里面挂软性生物膜载体，生物膜载体为多孔填料，比表面积需大于2000。本发明的反硝化菌可以是反硝化杆菌、斯氏杆菌中的一种或两种。
实施例：
某黑臭水体，水面面积为20亩，水量约5万m3/d，COD的初始浓度为200mg/L，向水体投加约5万m3/d×200mg/L×5=50t硝酸钙，同时向水体投加20亩×3kg反硝化菌=60kg反硝化杆菌和斯氏杆菌，处理前后水体水质变化具体如表1：
表1
| 时间 | 氧化还原电位 | 硫化物(mg/L) | DO(mg/ml) | COD(mg/L) |
| 初始值 | -127 | 8.25 | 0 | 200 |
| 12小时 | -76 | 5.38 | 2.6 | 120 |
| 24小时 | 168 | 0.38 | 5.7 | 49.6 |
Claims (5)
1.一种快速改善小型湖泊水体黑臭的方法，向水体投加硝酸根和反硝化菌，投加量为：水体中1g COD投加5-6g硝酸根，每亩水面投加2-3Kg固态反硝化菌，反硝化菌浓度30-100亿个/g，同时将水体pH值调整为5-6。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，硝酸根投加处是距该断面上游2Km处，反硝化菌投加处是在距该断面1Km的范围内。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其中，硝酸根为硝酸钙或硝酸钠。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，水体中挂软性生物膜载体以保证反硝化菌的繁殖速度，生物膜载体为多孔填料，比表面积大于2000。
5.根据权利要求1、2或4所述的方法，其中，反硝化菌为反硝化杆菌、斯氏杆菌中的一种或两种。
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JPH1085785A (ja) * | 1996-09-19 | 1998-04-07 | Kurita Water Ind Ltd | 微生物に基づく硫化水素発生の防止方法 |
| US6136193A (en) * | 1996-09-09 | 2000-10-24 | Haase; Richard Alan | Process of biotreating wastewater from pulping industries |
| CN101503248A (zh) * | 2008-10-14 | 2009-08-12 | 厦门城市环境研究所 | 一种复合生物膜活性污泥反硝化除磷脱氮方法及其反应器 |
| CN101555088A (zh) * | 2009-05-15 | 2009-10-14 | 李华林 | 一种采用微生物制剂治理黑臭河涌及湖泊的方法 |
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| US6136193A (en) * | 1996-09-09 | 2000-10-24 | Haase; Richard Alan | Process of biotreating wastewater from pulping industries |
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