CN103567676A - Method for measuring temperature of welding wire for laser hot wire welding - Google Patents
Method for measuring temperature of welding wire for laser hot wire welding Download PDFInfo
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- CN103567676A CN103567676A CN201310507934.XA CN201310507934A CN103567676A CN 103567676 A CN103567676 A CN 103567676A CN 201310507934 A CN201310507934 A CN 201310507934A CN 103567676 A CN103567676 A CN 103567676A
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 122
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000931526 Acer campestre Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005619 thermoelectricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000963 austenitic stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004861 thermometry Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for measuring temperature of a welding wire for laser hot wire welding. The method comprises the following steps: sending the welding wire to a base metal prewelding position at a preset wire feeding speed; heating the welding wire with preset heating current so as to enable the welding wire to generate resistance heat to enable the temperature to be increased; heating a target welding area by pulse laser with preset laser power, wherein the tail end of the welding wire is away from the center of a laser spot in a fixed distance and is heated; measuring the temperature of the welding wire within a light stop gap of the pulse laser. The method for measuring temperature of the welding wire for laser hot wire welding has the advantages of accuracy and reliability.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to welding technology field, be specifically related to a kind of measuring method of LASER HEAT wire bond welding wire temperature.
Background technology
LASER HEAT wire bond was connected after resistance heat is preheating to uniform temperature by welding wire and was sent into molten bath again, had improved welding process stability and cladding efficiency, had effectively expanded laser weld application.Welding wire temperature survey is to control the core technology that LASER HEAT wire bond connects welding wire transition stability and improves charging efficiency.
Prior art has adopted temperature measurement probe to realize welding wire temperature to welding wire heating end temperature detection and has regulated, and temp probe used is occasionally infrared temperature-test sensor of thermoelectricity.Yet because welding wire is kept in motion, maximum temperature can reach fusing point, is not suitable for adopting the contact temperature-measuring of thermocouple class; Welding wire front end approaches molten bath, laser strong reflection and molten bath upper metal steam have strong interference to infrared measurement of temperature, not only make the radiation coefficient after infrared measurement of temperature demarcate difficulty, if the more important thing is, optical maser wavelength is positioned at infrared temperature-test sensor and detects wavelength, and laser strong reflection will directly cause thermometric failure.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is intended at least solve the occasionally technical problem of infrared temperature-test sensor thermometric failure of the thermoelectricity that exists in prior art.
For this reason, the object of the invention is to propose a kind of measuring method of the wire bond of LASER HEAT accurately and reliably welding wire temperature.
To achieve these goals, according to the measuring method of the LASER HEAT wire bond welding wire temperature of the embodiment of the present invention, comprise step: described welding wire is delivered to the pre-welding place of mother metal with the wire feed rate of being scheduled to, to described welding wire, by predetermined heating current, the described welding wire heat that has a resistance is heated up, with the welding region heating that aims at the mark of the pulse laser of the laser power of being scheduled to, the end-to-end distance of described welding wire is from laser spot center fixed range and be heated, and in the light gap of stopping of described pulse laser, described welding wire temperature is measured.
According to the measuring method of the LASER HEAT wire bond welding wire temperature of the embodiment of the present invention, effectively eliminated the strong interference to thermometric process of laser reflection and metallic vapour, without carrying out follow-up temperature calibration, can accurately measure the welding wire temperature outside molten bath under various wire feed parameters, simple and safe operation, has advantage accurately and reliably.
In addition, according to the measuring method of the LASER HEAT wire bond welding wire temperature of the embodiment of the present invention, can also there is following additional technical feature:
According to one embodiment of the invention, adopt double color infrared temperature measuring instrument to measure described welding wire temperature.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the dutycycle of described pulse laser is greater than 90%.
According to one embodiment of present invention, the time span of stopping light gap of described pulse laser is greater than the time span of the thermometric sampling of described double color infrared temperature measuring instrument.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the frequency of described pulse laser equals the integral multiple of the sample frequency of described double color infrared temperature measuring instrument.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the size of described wire feed rate, heating current and laser power is configured to be suitable for making described welding wire to carry out continuous transition welding.
Additional aspect of the present invention and advantage in the following description part provide, and part will become obviously from the following description, or recognize by practice of the present invention.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Above-mentioned and/or additional aspect of the present invention and advantage accompanying drawing below combination obviously and is easily understood becoming the description of embodiment, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the LASER HEAT wire bond welding wire thermometry measuring distance ignition tip 30mm welding wire temperature measurement result T of place according to the embodiment of the present invention
30schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is that laser power and dutycycle are to T
30the schematic diagram of impact;
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram apart from the welding wire temperature of ignition tip diverse location;
Fig. 4 is T under different heating electric current
30the schematic diagram of measured value.
The specific embodiment
Describe embodiments of the invention below in detail, the example of described embodiment is shown in the drawings, and wherein same or similar label represents same or similar element or has the element of identical or similar functions from start to finish.Below by the embodiment being described with reference to the drawings, be exemplary, be intended to for explaining the present invention, and can not be interpreted as limitation of the present invention.
Applicant finds through research: temperature when welding wire enters molten bath determines by obtained resistance heat, and its main control parameters is heating current and wire feed rate.If preheating wire welding excess Temperature can cause that welding wire fuses outside molten bath, preheating wire welding temperature is too low has lost the advantage that LASER HEAT wire bond connects, and suitable welding wire preheat temperature is LASER HEAT wire bond process stabilization and efficient high-quality necessary guarantee.Yet, there is no at present and find welding wire direct temperature measurement method and result in disclosed LASER HEAT wire bond termination process.Adopt infrared double color thermometric to have can to measure that temperature is wide, temperature measurement accuracy is high, fast response time and without advantages such as radiation coefficient demarcation, be suitable for welding wire temperature survey outside LASER HEAT wire bond molten bath, but the response spectrum of infrared double color temperature measurer may have been contained optical maser wavelength, cause obtaining measurement result.
People is for solving the problems of the technologies described above in application, the invention discloses a kind of measuring method of LASER HEAT wire bond welding wire temperature, comprise step: welding wire is delivered to the pre-welding place of mother metal with the wire feed rate of being scheduled to, to welding wire, by predetermined heating current, the welding wire heat that has a resistance is heated up, with the welding region heating that aims at the mark of the pulse laser of the laser power of being scheduled to, the end-to-end distance of welding wire is from laser spot center fixed range and be heated, and in the light gap of stopping of pulse laser, welding wire temperature is measured.Wherein, during to the logical heating current of welding wire, be that an electrode of heater supply is connected with mother metal, another electrode of heater supply is connected with welding wire by welding wire ignition tip.As shown in Figure 1, the peak power of pulse laser is 2kW, and in pulse, stopping light gap, to record welding wire be T from the temperature at ignition tip 30mm place
30=1395 ℃.
According to the measuring method of the LASER HEAT wire bond welding wire temperature of the embodiment of the present invention, effectively eliminated the strong interference to thermometric process of laser reflection and metallic vapour, without carrying out follow-up temperature calibration, can accurately measure the welding wire temperature outside molten bath under various wire feed parameters, simple and safe operation, has advantage accurately and reliably.
According to one embodiment of the invention, adopt double color infrared temperature measuring instrument to measure welding wire temperature.Applicant, according to LASER HEAT wire bond welding wire Interim, has contrasted the application limitation of thermocouple temperature measurement and infrared measurement of temperature, selects temperature-measuring range higher than the double color infrared temperature measuring instrument of welding wire fusing point, welding wire temperature to be measured.Because laser instrument adopts Solid State Laser (as optical-fiber laser and semiconductor laser) conventionally, the wavelength of this Solid State Laser is often within double color infrared temperature measuring instrument response spectrum, (while adopting lasting laser to carry out LASER HEAT wire bond) strong laser reflection causes measurement result to be overflowed under normal circumstances, cannot measure welding wire temperature.On the basis of great many of experiments and numerical computations, based on laser energy, for welding wire temperature outside molten bath, affect very little mechanism, by adopting pulse laser, welding wire temperature outside stopping collection molten bath, light gap, has avoided the laser in Dual band IR response spectrum that measurement result is produced and disturbed.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the dutycycle of pulse laser is greater than 90%.Hour, laser cannot fully melt mother metal to the dutycycle of pulse laser, welding wire will be in stopping light gap cooling curing rapidly, can not weld smoothly.As shown in Figure 2, when the dutycycle of pulse laser is greater than 90%, can maintains welding wire temperature and in stopping light gap, not occur rapid decline, temperature-measuring results is comparatively accurate.
According to one embodiment of the invention, pulse laser stop the time span that light length off time is greater than the thermometric sampling of described double color infrared temperature measuring instrument.Only when pulse stops mating with the response time of double color infrared temperature measuring instrument between the light time, one of guarantee stops in light gap, to have enough time to carry out temperature survey at least one times.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the frequency of pulse laser equals the integral multiple of the sample frequency of double color infrared temperature measuring instrument.For example, when the frequency of pulse laser and the sample frequency of double color infrared temperature measuring instrument equate (being 1 times), pulse laser stops the light time at every turn, double color infrared temperature measuring instrument carry out thermometric one time.Again for example, when the frequency of pulse laser equals 3 times of sample frequency of double color infrared temperature measuring instrument, guarantee in the light gap of stopping of described pulse laser, described welding wire temperature to be measured, often carry out 3 times laser pulse, just have do not carry out for 2 times thermometric stop light gap and carry out thermometric for 1 time stop light gap.Hence one can see that, and only, when the sample frequency of pulse laser frequency and double color infrared temperature measuring instrument matches, guarantee double color infrared temperature measuring instrument can be sampled in stopping light gap.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the size of wire feed rate, heating current and laser power is configured to be suitable for making welding wire to carry out continuous transition welding.When welding condition unreasonable allocation makes welding wire generation jackscrew transition or fusing transition, all cannot obtain welding wire temperature accurately.
For making those skilled in the art understand better the measuring method of LASER HEAT wire bond welding wire temperature of the present invention, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, be described further.
The condition that in embodiment, LASER HEAT wire bond connects comprises following condition.Optical fiber laser: peak power output 2kW, wavelength 1.07 μ m, spot diameter 3mm.Double color infrared temperature measuring instrument: response spectrum 0.75-1.1 μ m, range 700-3000 ℃, sample frequency 20Hz, response time 10ms.Mother metal is low carbon steel plate, and welding wire is austenitic stainless steel welding wire.Constant-current supply, positive pole connects welding wire, and negative pole connects mother metal.Welding condition: welding wire initial elongation amount 35mm(ignition tip is to welding wire front end distance), 70 °, welding wire inclination angle (welding wire and mother metal surface angle), chevilled silk is distance apart from 1mm(laser spot center to welding wire front end), speed of welding 0.5m/min, wire feed rate 2m/min, laser power 1～2kW, welding wire electric current 0～120A.By the watch window of double color infrared temperature measuring instrument, can determine welding wire point for measuring temperature position.
Measurement result 1: the closer to laser molten pool, welding wire temperature is higher, the impact of measurement result Stimulated Light reflection simultaneously and metallic vapour is more remarkable, so be more difficult to measure.The welding wire in chosen distance ignition tip 30mm place, close molten bath is a bit as measuring position, and this place's temperature note is T
30.Test condition is laser power 2kW, wire feed rate 2m/min, electric current 95A.Test result as shown in Figure 1.In the Laser emission stage, strong laser reflection causes temperature-measuring results to overflow range, cannot obtain measurement data; Stop light gap, stably obtaining welding wire characteristic point temperature T
30, avoided laser reflection to thermometric interference, experiment records T
30=1395 ℃, approach the solidus temperature of welding wire, following herein welding wire (being greater than the welding wire of 30mm to ignition tip distance) beginning generating unit fractional melting is described.Once welding wire undergoes phase transition or fuses, measurement result is by unstable.
Measurement result 2: maintain wire feed rate 2m/min, the test condition of electric current 95A is constant, changes laser dutycycle and peak power, to T
30measure, each temperature data is measured and is averaged for three times, and measurement result as shown in Figure 2.The mean error that each set condition is measured is 13 ℃, each set condition T
30mean value maximum differs 14 ℃, can think that laser dutycycle and peak power are to T
30affect very littlely, the method that adopts pulse laser to replace continuous laser to measure welding wire temperature is feasible.Outside this explanation molten bath, welding wire temperature is determined by resistance heat, is subject to the molten bath heat conduction being determined by laser energy to affect very little.Yet, in measurement, should reduce the molten bath energy reduction that pulse laser causes as far as possible, dutycycle used is not less than 90%.
Measurement result 3: adopt pulsed laser mode, T under the welding wire temperature of the ignition tip diverse location of adjusting the distance (heating current is 95A for laser power 2kW, wire feed rate 2m/min) and different heating electric current
30measured value (laser power 2kW, wire feed rate 2m/min) measure, as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4.Can find out, when welding wire temperature is during lower than solidus temperature, in welding wire length direction, welding wire temperature is linear distribution.Along with the raising of heating current, T
30place's temperature improves constantly.When electric current is 95A, T
30=1395 ℃, approach welding wire solidus temperature (1398 ℃).When electric current surpasses 95A, welding wire fuses outside molten bath, cannot realize stable welding wire transition, T
30place's temperature fluctuation is strong, cannot Measurement accuracy.
In description of the invention, it will be appreciated that, term " " center ", " longitudinally ", " laterally ", " length ", " width ", " thickness ", " on ", D score, " front ", " afterwards ", " left side ", " right side ", " vertically ", " level ", " top ", " end " " interior ", " outward ", " clockwise ", " counterclockwise ", " axially ", " radially ", orientation or the position relationship of indications such as " circumferentially " are based on orientation shown in the drawings or position relationship, only the present invention for convenience of description and simplified characterization, rather than device or the element of indication or hint indication must have specific orientation, with specific orientation structure and operation, therefore can not be interpreted as limitation of the present invention.
In addition, term " first ", " second " be only for describing object, and can not be interpreted as indication or hint relative importance or the implicit quantity that indicates indicated technical characterictic.Thus, one or more these features can be expressed or impliedly be comprised to the feature that is limited with " first ", " second ".In description of the invention, the implication of " a plurality of " is two or more, unless otherwise expressly limited specifically.
In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, the terms such as term " installation ", " being connected ", " connection ", " fixing " should be interpreted broadly, and for example, can be to be fixedly connected with, and can be also to removably connect, or be integral; Can be mechanical connection, can be to be also electrically connected to; Can be to be directly connected, also can indirectly be connected by intermediary, can be the connection of two element internals or the interaction relationship of two elements.For the ordinary skill in the art, can understand as the case may be above-mentioned term concrete meaning in the present invention.
In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, First Characteristic Second Characteristic " on " or D score can be that the first and second features directly contact, or the first and second features are by intermediary mediate contact.And, First Characteristic Second Characteristic " on ", " top " and " above " but First Characteristic directly over Second Characteristic or oblique upper, or only represent that First Characteristic level height is higher than Second Characteristic.First Characteristic Second Characteristic " under ", " below " and " below " can be First Characteristic under Second Characteristic or tiltedly, or only represent that First Characteristic level height is less than Second Characteristic.
In the description of this description, the description of reference term " embodiment ", " some embodiment ", " example ", " concrete example " or " some examples " etc. means to be contained at least one embodiment of the present invention or example in conjunction with specific features, structure, material or the feature of this embodiment or example description.In this manual, to the schematic statement of above-mentioned term not must for be identical embodiment or example.And, the specific features of description, structure, material or feature can one or more embodiment in office or example in suitable mode combination.In addition, those skilled in the art can carry out combination and combination by the different embodiment that describe in this description or example.
Although illustrated and described embodiments of the invention above, be understandable that, above-described embodiment is exemplary, can not be interpreted as limitation of the present invention, and those of ordinary skill in the art can change above-described embodiment within the scope of the invention, modification, replacement and modification.
Claims (6)
1. the measuring method of a LASER HEAT wire bond welding wire temperature, it is characterized in that, comprise step: described welding wire is delivered to the pre-welding place of mother metal with the wire feed rate of being scheduled to, to described welding wire, by predetermined heating current, the described welding wire heat that has a resistance is heated up, with the welding region heating that aims at the mark of the pulse laser of the laser power of being scheduled to, the end-to-end distance of described welding wire is from laser spot center fixed range and be heated, and in the light gap of stopping of described pulse laser, described welding wire temperature is measured.
2. the measuring method of LASER HEAT wire bond welding wire temperature as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, adopts double color infrared temperature measuring instrument to measure described welding wire temperature.
3. the measuring method of LASER HEAT wire bond welding wire temperature as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that, the dutycycle of described pulse laser is greater than 90%.
4. the measuring method of the LASER HEAT wire bond welding wire temperature as described in claim 1-3 any one, is characterized in that, the time span of stopping light gap of described pulse laser is greater than the time span of the thermometric sampling of described double color infrared temperature measuring instrument.
5. the measuring method of the LASER HEAT wire bond welding wire temperature as described in claim 1-4 any one, is characterized in that, the frequency of described pulse laser equals the integral multiple of the sample frequency of described double color infrared temperature measuring instrument.
6. the measuring method of the LASER HEAT wire bond welding wire temperature as described in any one in claim 1-5, is characterized in that, the size of described wire feed rate, heating current and laser power is configured to be suitable for making described welding wire to carry out continuous transition welding.
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Cited By (3)
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| CN106874620A (en) * | 2017-03-09 | 2017-06-20 | 湖南大学 | A kind of method of energy efficiency in metrology laser heated filament welding procedure |
| CN108225565A (en) * | 2017-12-18 | 2018-06-29 | 贵州钢绳股份有限公司 | A kind of Steel Wire Heat Treatment line temperature measurement method |
| CN114264374A (en) * | 2021-12-27 | 2022-04-01 | 西南交通大学 | Temperature measurement calibration method for metal wire rapid heating equipment |
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| CN106874620B (en) * | 2017-03-09 | 2019-11-15 | 湖南大学 | A kind of method of energy efficiency in metrology laser heated filament welding procedure |
| CN108225565A (en) * | 2017-12-18 | 2018-06-29 | 贵州钢绳股份有限公司 | A kind of Steel Wire Heat Treatment line temperature measurement method |
| CN114264374A (en) * | 2021-12-27 | 2022-04-01 | 西南交通大学 | Temperature measurement calibration method for metal wire rapid heating equipment |
| CN114264374B (en) * | 2021-12-27 | 2023-08-25 | 西南交通大学 | Temperature measurement and calibration method for metal wire rapid heating equipment |
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