CN103563246A - Shingle-like photovoltaic modules - Google Patents

Shingle-like photovoltaic modules Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103563246A
CN103563246A CN201280026143.9A CN201280026143A CN103563246A CN 103563246 A CN103563246 A CN 103563246A CN 201280026143 A CN201280026143 A CN 201280026143A CN 103563246 A CN103563246 A CN 103563246A
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layer
module
roofing board
photovoltaic module
ground floor
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D·B·皮尔斯
D·R·霍拉斯
R·J·克里雷曼
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NuvoSun Inc
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NuvoSun Inc
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/02—Details
    • H01L31/0203—Containers; Encapsulations, e.g. encapsulation of photodiodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/02—Details
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
    • H02S20/20—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object
    • H02S20/22—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings
    • H02S20/23—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings specially adapted for roof structures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
    • H02S20/20—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object
    • H02S20/22—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings
    • H02S20/23—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings specially adapted for roof structures
    • H02S20/25—Roof tile elements
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/10—Photovoltaic [PV]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
  • Roof Covering Using Slabs Or Stiff Sheets (AREA)

Abstract

A photovoltaic system comprises one or more shingle-like photovoltaic (PV) modules, each having a layer of optically transparent material adjacent to a layer of photoactive material configured to generate electricity upon exposure to light from the layer of optically transparent material. In some cases, the layer of optically transparent material of each of the one or more shingle-like PV modules has a pattern of depressions in a shingle-like configuration.

Description

Roofing board sample photovoltaic module
cross reference
The application requires the U.S. Provisional Application No.61/516 submitting on April 1st, 2011,274 rights and interests, and described application is all incorporated to herein by reference.
Background technology
Current photovoltaic (PV) module can be utilized and low iron toughened glass top board, TPE(
Figure BDA0000424757240000011
polyester, EVA) backboard, the extruded aluminium frame crystal silicon cell packaging together with the terminal box with the cable that is connected adjacent block.Described module is installed to common using in the fixing metal support structure of roof penetrating type screw, and described metal support structure is because the risk of leaking is high but undesirable.In addition, module array and relevant mounting structure may be very heavy, and in some cases, the roof structure of standard is not in the situation that the suspension device of not remedying will carry increased weight.
BIPV (BIPV) is that for example roof, skylight or facade replace the material of conventional building material for building ectosome part.Integral photovoltaic device is to offset initial installation cost by the labour who reduces the cost amount on construction material and be generally used for building the building part that BIPV module replaces with respect to the advantage of more common non-integral system.The example of BIPV is the solar cell being incorporated in roof structure, and it plays the two the effect of photoelectric device and roofing.Although these products provide some functions of conventional roof structure, do not provide integrative solution aspect the function that they are wanted at house roof and outward appearance.
BIPV can be contained in huge structure or not provide during installation in the structure of the abundant support that minimizes photovoltaic cell fracture.Some may cause because the two manufacturing cost of material angle and machining angle increases when huge property of front baffle, and with transportation with the relevant cost of described BIPV is installed.
Summary of the invention
In view of the restriction of current photovoltaic (PV) module, the present invention recognize to provide seamless integration to house PV device as in roofing board roofing device, also provide structure function, for example the needs of the photovoltaic of roofing function (PV) module and system simultaneously.
The invention provides the photovoltaic module for generation of solar electric power.The invention discloses large-area PV(or solar energy) module roofing board sample roofing module and system, they can easily use or be integrated with it together with conventional roofing roofing board, the substitute of the conventional solar energy module device that, function lightweight to produce is compatible with vision.
One aspect of the present invention provides roofing board sample solar energy module Roof system economic and that reduce the requirement of work is installed.
Another aspect of the present invention provides the roofing board sample solar energy module Roof system that does not need to penetrate existing roof structure.
Another aspect of the present invention provides large area roofing board sample solar energy module Roof system, and the PV module array of its weight ratio routine is light.
Another aspect of the present invention provides a kind of photovoltaic module, it comprises the second layer to the ground floor of the permeable optically transparent material of at least a portion incident light and the water vapour barrier material adjacent with described ground floor, and the wherein said second layer is only permeable from ground floor at least a portion.Described PV module comprises adjacent with the described second layer the 3rd layer with one or more interconnection photovoltaics (PV) battery, wherein said one or more interconnection PV battery is directed to light time of the 3rd layer from ground floor by the second layer and generates electricity being exposed to, and with the 4th layer of described the 3rd layer of adjacent electrical insulating material.Described ground floor can comprise one or more outer surfaces, described outer surface with respect to the surface of the described second layer adjacent with described ground floor to be greater than the angular orientation of zero degree.In some cases, ground floor is formed by single substrate, and described substrate is embossed so that the recess patterns of roofing board sample configuration to be provided.
Another aspect of the present invention provides a kind of photovoltaic module, it comprises the second layer to the ground floor of the permeable optically transparent material of at least a portion incident light and the first wet steam barrier material adjacent with described ground floor, and the wherein said second layer is only permeable from ground floor at least a portion.Described ground floor has the pattern of depression, and it is being roofing board sample configuration in some cases.Described PV module also comprises adjacent with the described second layer the 3rd layer with one or more interconnection photovoltaics (PV) battery, wherein said one or more interconnection PV battery is in the light time generating being exposed to from the second layer, and with the 4th layer of described the 3rd layer of adjacent electrical insulating material.In some cases, described photovoltaic module along the first side from described photovoltaic module to the second side-draw to axle can there is inhomogenous thickness.In some cases, described ground floor along the first side from described photovoltaic module to the second side-draw to axle there is inhomogenous thickness.
Another aspect of the present invention provides a kind of photovoltaic system, it comprises one or more roofing board sample photovoltaic modules, each roofing board sample photovoltaic module of described one or more roofing board sample photovoltaic modules has the embossed layers of the optical clear polymeric material (for example PMMA) adjacent with light active material layer, and described light active material layer is formed at the light time generating being exposed to from described embossed layers.In some cases, the embossed layers of optically transparent polymeric material can have at least one outer surface, and it becomes to be greater than the angle of 0 ° with respect to the surface between described optically transparent material layer and described light active material layer.In some cases, described system also comprises the roofing board adjacent with the single roofing board sample PV module of described one or more roofing board sample PV modules, for example non-PV roofing board.
Another aspect of the present invention provides the method that is used to form roofing board sample photovoltaic module, described method comprises the light active material layer that provides adjacent with optical clear polymer sheet, and described optical clear polymer sheet has the recess patterns of the roofing board sample configuration forming therein.Described light active material is in the light time generating being exposed to from described optical clear polymer sheet.In one embodiment, before light active material layer is provided, in described optical clear polymer sheet, form recess patterns.Described recess patterns can form by embossing.
According to detailed description below, other aspects of the present disclosure and advantage will become and be readily understood that those skilled in the art, only show and described illustrated embodiment of the present disclosure in described detailed description.Recognize, the disclosure that can there is other with different execution modes, and its some details can modify aspect apparent various, all these does not deviate from the disclosure.Therefore, it is illustrative in essence that drawing and description will be considered to, rather than restrictive.
be incorporated to by reference
All publications, patent and the patent application of mentioning in this specification is incorporated to herein by reference, and its degree is with being indicated particularly and individually as each single publication, patent or patent application and being incorporated to by reference.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Novel feature of the present invention is illustrated in detail in appended claims.By reference to setting forth detailed description and the accompanying drawing of the illustrated embodiment of utilizing the principle of the invention below, by the better understanding obtaining the features and advantages of the present invention, in described accompanying drawing:
Fig. 1 is according to the embodiment of the present invention, large-scale perspective diagram of the solar energy module of roofing board sample outward appearance;
Fig. 2 is according to the embodiment of the present invention, the schematic side elevation of a part for the roofing board sample outward appearance solar energy module of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is according to the embodiment of the present invention, and the schematic side elevation of the PV module of Fig. 1 has shown top and the bottom section of described roofing board sample outward appearance solar energy module;
Fig. 4 is according to the embodiment of the present invention, and the cross-sectional schematic side view of two kinds of diagrams (A and B) of roof top ridge lines has shown the installation of the described roofing board sample outward appearance module with wiring;
Fig. 5 has shown according to the embodiment of the present invention, the outer surface of the PV module of Fig. 1;
Fig. 6 schematically shows photovoltaic (PV) module according to embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is according to the embodiment of the present invention, has the schematic top view of the PV module of hexagon supporting member; With
Fig. 8 schematically shows according to the embodiment of the present invention, the use of edge clamps in the PV of Fig. 6 module (edge clip).
Embodiment
Although show herein and described various execution mode of the present invention, it is apparent to those skilled in the art that such execution mode only provides as an example.To those skilled in the art, can under the present invention, can expect many variations, change and substitute not deviating from.Should be appreciated that, the various replacement schemes of embodiment of the present invention described herein be can be used for implementing the present invention.
Term " photovoltaic cell " refers to while using to be in this article formed at and is exposed to the device of light time generating or the parts of device.Photovoltaic cell can comprise one or more layers, and described layer limits light active material individually or altogether.For example, light active material can comprise p-n junction.Light active material can be V Zu Huo III-V family semiconductor.In some instances, PV battery can comprise CdTe, two copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS), copper sulfide zinc-tin (CZTS), copper-zinc-tin-selenium (CZTSe) or silicon (for example amorphous silicon).
Term " roofing board " refers to roof covering while using in this article, it has at discrete component that in some cases can be overlapping.Roofing board can have the plane rectangular shape of upwards in a row laying from roof lower edge, wherein the joint in row below each higher row's overlap joint in succession.Roofing board sample element can have the functional attributes (for example guiding current) of roofing board, but can form the pattern of monolithic (or integrated).Roofing board sample element can be to be patterned as the single monolithic unit that is similar to roofing board, for example, have the depression (or groove) of the functional attributes that single overlap joint element is provided, and described functional attributes includes but not limited to guide current and prevents ponding.
The invention provides photovoltaic (PV) module for the situation of various situations, for example house.The PV module that some execution modes provide is configured to replace the roofing board on Roof of the house, or for being incorporated into the roofing system with roofing board or similar structures.In some embodiments, the size and dimension of PV roofing board is set to substitute used roofing board or uses in conjunction with described roofing board.This advantageously makes functional (for example the guiding current) of current roofing board and functional (for example generating) of PV battery to combine.
The roofing board sample PV module providing herein (herein also referred to as " PV roofing board ") can to non-PV roofing board for example similar (if not identical) in standard roof covering function.PV module functional that PV roofing board can have the look and feel (for example size of non-PV roofing board, shape and color) of non-PV roofing board and have one or more PV batteries.This advantageously makes PV roofing board of the present invention can substitute non-PV roofing board, thereby makes it possible to generating and the function of standard roofing board is provided simultaneously, or can be incorporated into and have PV roofing board and in having in some cases the Roof system of non-PV roofing board.
solar energy module
One aspect of the present invention provides photovoltaic (PV) module (herein also referred to as " PV roofing board "), and it comprises the second layer to the ground floor of the permeable transparent material of at least a portion incident light and the water vapour barrier material adjacent with described ground floor.The described second layer is only permeable at least a portion from ground floor.Described PV module comprises adjacent with the described second layer the 3rd layer with one or more interconnection photovoltaics (PV) battery.Described one or more interconnection PV battery is in the light time generating being exposed to from the described second layer.The 4th layer of electrical insulating material with described the 3rd layer adjacent.Described ground floor comprises one or more outer surfaces, described outer surface with respect to the surface of the described second layer adjacent with described ground floor to be greater than the angular orientation of zero degree.
In some embodiments, described ground floor comprises one or more outer surfaces, and described outer surface is configured to provide roofing board sample functional.Like this functional except minimizing ponding, can also comprise and receive water and guide current into ground.In some cases, described one or more outer surfaces also comprise depression or groove except ridge, thereby they provide this roofing board sample functional (for example, referring to, Fig. 1) with pattern.Such pattern can help water to flow to low spot (with respect to ground) from height point, and contributes to minimize (even if can not prevent) ponding, for example, be incident on the rainwater on the roof with described PV module.
The pattern of depression or groove can form by means of embossing, for example, use roll (or punch die) for example, to impress roofing board pattern in polymeric material (poly-(methyl methacrylate)) layer.Embossing is for for example, producing and protrude or the design of depression or the process of fluctuating in substrate (polymeric material plate).In some cases, embossing can be by means of the sun of coupling and cloudy roller die or by base material plate or bar are realized by having between the roller of required pattern.In some cases, can for example gather (methyl methacrylate) sheet (PMMA) at the mould top casting polymeric material of embossing.
In some embodiments, to be suitable for be the outermost layer of described PV module to described ground floor.Together with the non-PV roofing board of described PV module and other, provide in the situation on roof, described outermost layer is configured to provide the functional of non-PV roofing board and keeps at least a portion incident light to see through simultaneously.Therefore at least a portion light being incident on ground floor can and arrive one or more PV batteries that can generate electricity through described ground floor.
Described ground floor is suitable for bearing mechanical stress in some embodiments, for example, from wind or directly clash into the object of described ground floor.Therefore,, in the time of on being arranged on roof or other structure, described ground floor can protect described PV module in order to avoid damage or deteriorated.
Described layer can be bonded to each other by means of chemistry or machanical fastener.The example of chemical fasteners is that the adhesive so that they are fixed together between adjacent layer can be provided.The example of machanical fastener is nail or the screw that adjacent layer or stack layer are fixed together.For example, described PV module can comprise at its periphery a plurality of screws, with by means of by described screw being fixed to the compression stress that described PV module provided, described layer being fixed together.
Described ground floor can by polymeric material for example polymethyl methacrylate form.Described polymeric material can be resisted ultra-violet radiation.That is to say, when being exposed to ultra-violet radiation, form the material of described ground floor in scheduled time slot, for example at least 1 day, 10 days, 1 month, 12 months, 1 year or longer time, not significantly decay.
Described water vapour barrier material is that the material low or quite low by water vapor permeability forms.In some cases, the water vapor permeability of described water vapour barrier material is less than or equal to about 300ng/sm 2pa, 200ng/sm 2pa, 110ng/sm 2pa, 10ng/sm 2pa, 3ng/sm 2pa, 1ng/sm 2pa or 0.3ng/sm 2pa.In some cases, the permeability of described water vapour barrier material is from approximately 10 -6gram/m 2/ sky is to 10 -3gram/m 2/ sky or approximately 10 -5gram/m 2/ sky is to 10 -4gram/m 2/ day.In some cases, the polymeric material that described water vapour barrier material is for example coated with by polymeric material (for example PETG or PEN), metal or oxide be Si oxide SiO for example xform, wherein " x " is greater than zero numeral.The water vapour barrier material that forms the second layer is only permeable to be directed at least a portion of the described second layer from ground floor.
In some embodiments, at least a portion of described one or more outer surfaces of described PV module is fixed in rugged and rough for the surface of the second layer.This can provide optical coupling structure in ground floor, and it can be by coupling light in described ground floor from described PV module-external environment.
In some cases, described PV module also comprises the layer 5 with described the 4th layer of adjacent water vapour barrier material.The water vapour barrier material of described layer 5 can comprise polymeric material (or polymeric substrates), metal oxide or metal, for example aluminium.In an example, described layer 5 comprises and scribbles one or more barrier layers as the polymeric substrates of one or more metal oxide layers.In some cases, the water vapor permeability of the water vapour barrier material of described layer 5 is less than or equal to about 300ng/sm 2pa, 200ng/sm 2pa, 110ng/sm 2pa, 10ng/sm 2pa, 3ng/sm 2pa, 1ng/sm 2pa or 0.3ng/sm 2pa.In some cases, the permeability of the water vapour barrier material of described layer 5 is from approximately 10 -6gram/m 2/ sky is to 10 -3gram/m 2/ sky or approximately 10 -5gram/m 2/ sky is to 10 -4gram/m 2/ day.
In some cases, described PV module also comprises the layer 6 of protective material, and it is suitable in the transportation of described PV module and/or installation process protection or protection layer 5 is avoided damage.Described protective material can for example, be formed by metal material (corrosion resistant plate or aluminium sheet), polymeric material or composite material.
PV module can be by means of chemistry or machanical fastener and is fixed to one another.For example, can utilize at the adhesive phase of the downside of a PV module and the top side of the 2nd PV module a described PV module is fixed near described the 2nd PV module.In an example, described adhesive is applied in the lateral parts of the layer 6 of a PV module and the ground floor of the 2nd PV module.Or machanical fastener can be used for a PV module to be fixed in the 2nd PV module.
Chemistry and/or machanical fastener can be used for PV module to be fixed in the structure that they will install, for example roof or be suitable for by electromagnetic radiation source other supporting construction that for example sun shines.In an example, chemical fasteners, adhesive for example, is applied in the downside of PV module, and described PV module puts on surface for example on roof subsequently.In another example, machanical fastener, for example screw or nail, be used for PV module to be fixed on surface for example on roof.
Described PV module comprises can be incorporated into for example functional in roof structure of supporting construction.Roof structure can be angled with respect to horizontal surface.Roof structure can comprise wooden or metal surface in some cases, can for example under the help of chemistry or machanical fastener, roofing board be set at securing member thereon.
In some embodiments, PV module comprises that one or more angled outer surfaces are to promote along described PV module with along the current of the direction of acceleration of gravity vector, and in being beneficial in some cases light introducing PV module, this can help to optimize electricity and occur.In some embodiments, described PV module comprises one or more outer surfaces.Outer surface can be separately with respect to the surface of the second layer adjacent with ground floor to be greater than the angular orientation of zero degree.In some instances, outer surface to be to be more than or equal to approximately 0 °, 0.1 °, 0.2 °, 0.3 °, 0.4 °, 0.5 °, 0.6 °, 0.7 °, 0.8 °, 0.9 °, 1 °, 2 °, 3 °, 4 °, 5 °, 6 °, 7 °, 8 °, 9 °, 10 ° or 20 °, or the angular orientation between in some cases with approximately 0 ° and 2 ° or 1 ° and 1.5 °.
In some cases, one or more outer surfaces of the described PV module of formation comprise that the pattern of feature (for example depression or groove) is to provide roofing board sample functional.Such characteristic pattern can promote water to flow along described PV module, thereby minimizes ponding.
In some embodiments, described PV module comprises one or more outer surfaces, and described outer surface is configured to provide roofing board sample functional.The light that described outer surface is suitable for receiving light and at least a portion is received is directed to one or more PV batteries of described PV module.In some cases, depression or the groove providing with pattern is provided described one or more outer surfaces, to provide this roofing board sample functional (referring to for example Fig. 1).For example, the pattern that roofing board sample feature can for example, go out depression or groove by embossing in polymeric material (poly-(methyl methacrylate)) layer forms.
In some embodiments, the outer surface of described PV module and described ground floor are integrated.For example, described outer surface can be one (or monolithic) with described ground floor.In some cases, described ground floor can be manufactured and there is one or more angled outer surface as above.
Described ground floor comprises that, in the situation of a plurality of outer surfaces, described outer surface can be parallel to each other therein.For example, the first outer surface can be parallel to the second outer surface.This can make the shape of described PV module and the function can homogenization, because outer surface parallel to each other can promote the Uniform Flow of water (or other liquid).
In some embodiments, the axle of described PV module along the first end from described photovoltaic module to the second end orientation has inhomogenous thickness.In an example, described PV module has inhomogenous thickness by the angled outer surface in surface that ground floor is had with respect to the second layer adjacent with described ground floor.
Referring now to accompanying drawing.Be appreciated that described accompanying drawing, comprise parts and structure wherein, not necessarily draw in proportion.
Fig. 1 is the perspective view according to the embodiment of the present invention with the PV module 1 of roofing board sample outward appearance.The direction of incident light (for example sunlight) illustrates in the drawings.Shown in showing in PV module 1, roofing board sample feature can be in size with similar to typical roofing roofing board in appearance.PV module 1 can have respectively length and the width of approximately 8 feet of x4 feet, but other length and width are also possible.In some embodiments, the length of PV module 1 can be more than or equal to approximately 1 foot, 2 feet, 3 feet, 4 feet, 5 feet, 6 feet, 7 feet, 8 feet, 9 feet, 10 feet or larger, and width is more than or equal to approximately 1 foot, 2 feet, 3 feet, 4 feet, 5 feet, 6 feet, 7 feet, 8 feet, 9 feet, 10 feet or larger.In some cases, select the size of PV module 1 so that PV module 1 can be to reduce or minimum cost easily be installed.
In some embodiments, PV module 1 consists of thin and lightweight material, thereby does not use framework.PV module 1 can be lighter than some conventional modules on the basis of homalographic.PV module 1 has " top " and " bottom " edge, wherein said top section is higher than described base section on roof, therefore water can flow down with the vector direction from described top to described bottom alignment, is similar to the mode of common roofing board on pitched roof.The illustration of Fig. 1 has shown the amplifier section of PV module 1.PV module 1 comprises second portion (or layer) 2, and it comprises the transparent mould making sheet of anti-ultraviolet radiation (UV) material.In an example, described UV resistant material is polymeric material, for example, gather (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA).PV module 1 comprises roofing board original mold ridge processed, at maximum ga(u)ge in some cases from approximately 1/8th inches to 1/4th inches.The edge of described molded ridge can be color burn or painted so that the contrast with adjacent materials or roofing parts to be provided, and this can help to improve roofing board outward appearance.Contrast difference in such contrast function, can help PV module 1 is installed, because can help described PV module to be arranged on stayed surface.
PV module 1 can have the pattern of depression (or groove), and it provides roofing board sample functional.Described pattern can go out depression by embossing in the material at second portion 2 and form.Described pattern can be included in the line replacing (as depression) forming in the material surface of second portion 2, for example cross line when the direction entering from sunlight is observed.
PV module 1 comprises third part (or layer) 3, and it comprises active photovoltaic material and at encapsulating material in some cases, it comprises a plurality of layers.Third part 3 can comprise a plurality of layers (or subgrade).Described third part 3 can comprise one or more photovoltaic cells, and they are formed at separately and are exposed to light time generating.PV battery is being film PV battery in some cases.In some instances, described PV battery comprises CdTe, two copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS), copper sulfide zinc-tin (CZTS), copper selenide zinc-tin (CZTSe) or amorphous silicon PV active material, but also can use other light active material (absorbent).
Third part 3 can have various sizes and shape.In some embodiments, third part 3 covers second portion 2 substantially.In other embodiments, third part 3 does not cover second portion 2(substantially referring to Fig. 3).The thickness of third part 3 can be less than the thickness of second portion 2.In some cases, the thickness of third part 3 is from approximately 200 microns to 5mm, or 300 microns to 1mm.
Fig. 2 is the schematic side elevation of PV module 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention.The thickness of third part 3 has been exaggerated with respect to the thickness of second portion 2, so that the composition layer of third part 3 to be shown.The layer of second portion 2 combines by means of adhesive phase 4.Adhesive phase 4 can have separately from the thickness of approximately 0.001 inch to 0.01 inch.Adhesive phase 4 can have different thickness and composition each other.Described adhesive phase 4(incident light sees through adhesive phase 4 and propagates into PV battery) for light, can be permeable at least partly; Yet other hatched layer 4 does not need light to see through.Third part 3 comprises wet steam barrier layer 5 in the light-receiving side (facing the side of incident direction of light) of PV module 1.In some cases, wet steam barrier layer 5 is hyaline layers of polymeric material, has deposited and can help to stop wet steam to arrive transparent membrane or the series thin film of the PV battery of described PV module on it.Described polymeric material can be PETG (PET) or PEN (PEN).Or described wet steam barrier layer 5 can be the glass of thin layer, it can form on floatation glass production line.In some cases, thin glass can be combined with second portion 2 in advance to help operation thin glass sheet.
PV module 1 also comprises light active material layer 6, and it comprises one or more PV batteries, and described PV battery is formed at and is exposed to the light time generating that also sees through wet steam barrier layer 5 from second portion 2.Light active material layer 6 can comprise the solar cell of single solar cell or a plurality of electrical interconnections, for example, be deposited on thin metal foil substrate (for example stainless steel-based end) or the suprabasil hull cell of thin polymer.In some cases, described one or more PV power brick of described light active material layer 6 are containing CdTe, CIGS, CZTS, CZTSe or amorphous silicon light active material.
PV module 1 comprises electrical insulation material layer 7, and it contributes to any voltage that the PV battery by described light active material layer 6 is produced to remain in light active material layer 6.Electrical insulation material layer 7 comprises electrical insulating material, for example dielectric.In an example, electrical insulation material layer 7 comprises oxide (for example metal oxide) or has electric insulation polymeric material or the composite material of ceramic masses.Electrical insulation material layer 7 is positioned at after described battery and away from second portion 2.In some cases, electrical insulation material layer 7 is formed by optically transparent material, but it is that the material of or partially transparent opaque by optics forms in other cases.
PV module 1 comprises another wet steam barrier layer 8 that is positioned at the described roofing board original mold piece back side, and it comprises wet steam barrier material.Wet steam barrier layer 8 can be other lower cost materials that thin layer aluminium foil or water vapo(u)r transmission rate are low.Described aluminium foil can replace with the block film that can form wet steam barrier layer 5, and described polymeric layer is towards outside (away from electrical insulation material layer 7), and has in some cases the wet steam barrier coat adjacent with electrical insulation material layer 7.
In some cases, if wet steam barrier layer 8 is aluminium foils, may be difficult to avoid to damage the shipping damage of the wet steam integrality of PV module 1.In some cases, PV module 1 comprises the protective layer 9 adjacent with wet steam barrier layer 8.Protective layer 9 can be attached in PV module 1 before transportation.Protective layer 9 can for example, for example, be formed by roofing felt (bitumen-impregnated felt), membrane roofing (poly-(vinyl chloride)) or other polymeric material.The composition of layer 9 can be depending on preparation and how to build roof.In some cases, layer 9 is the materials except fluorinated polymer material, but can use fluorinated polymer material in some cases.
PV module 1 can be included in that contrast on described roofing board edge is deepened or be painted, as shown in the part 10 of deepening.The second portion 2 of PV module 1 can have the surface 11 of conditioning, for example surface of roughening.The surface 11 of conditioning can contribute to reduce dazzle and stop PV module 1 and non-PV(or non-generating) roofing board compares and seems shinny.Except reducing dazzle, this processing can also provide anti-reflection function simultaneously, and this can make more luminous energy get to reach the PV battery in the light active material layer 6 of PV module 1, for example, by scattering.The surface 11 of conditioning can be colored, but in order not reduce the performance of PV battery, so painted can selection.The reverberation of the color on the surface 11 that under these circumstances, comprises described conditioning is the light for generating electricity by the PV battery of light active material layer 6 not.Therefore,, in order to improve performance, the surface 11 of conditioning is not painted in some cases.
The PV battery of the light active material layer 6 of PV module 1 absorbs all can seem obfuscation, for example Dark greys of light time of utilizing.In some cases, described PV battery can seem to have other colors.This color configuration can be compatible with common roofing board, thereby PV module 1 can be installed together with non-PV roofing board.
Fig. 3 has shown the top of roofing board sample PV module of Fig. 1 and 2 and the expanded view of bottom zone.The third part 3 that contains solar cell and encapsulated layer is arranged in below described second portion and for example, away from the direction of incident light (sunlight).For screening rain and the water-stop on described roof are provided, PV module 1 comprises the region 12 and 13 of extend through third part 3.Although clear describing in figure can provide similar region for the screening rain along each side on each side of described roofing board original mold piece.Along region 12, common roofing board (being non-PV roofing board) can cover all in second portion 2 or most respective regions, but can be without the edge of the third part 3 that contains active PV battery.This region can comprise the hole 2a for PV module 1 is followed closely on roof.Similarly, along bottom section 13, the respective regions of second portion 2 can cover common roofing board.Can provide adhesive area 2b for second portion 2 being pasted to the cover part, top of PV roofing board or non-PV roofing board.Along each edge (not shown), common roofing board can cover and seal the region of the solar energy materials of extend through third part 3 in second portion 2.Between top, bottom and the edge of PV module 1, can utilize additional adhesive that the central area of PV module 1 is fixed on to roof.In some cases, whole PV module 1 can attach (for example gummed, fastening) and, on roof, be fixed in some cases on other roofing board.
Fig. 4 is the cross-sectional schematic side view of two kinds of ridge lines according to the embodiment of the present invention.In schematic diagram A, roofing plate 14(is glued board and felt for example) be connected with rafter 15, rafter 15 is fixed on ridge pole 16.Having on the side of incident light, as arrow indication, the roofing board sample PV module 1 with second portion 2 and third part 3 is being installed, common roofing board 21 is accepted in another side simultaneously.Or the roof of Fig. 4 all has roofing board sample PV module in both sides.Ridge cap 17 provides water-stop, simultaneously in formation open zone, summit, can arrange therein the wiring 18 for PV module 1.Ridge cap 17 can be configured to not cause covering PV module 1, comprises PV battery in third part 3.In some cases, the little otch in roofing board 14 can provide the space that the terminal box (J-box) 19 for being electrically connected to PV module 1 is installed.Can provide similar otch for electric inverter, so that connect up, 18 can be all configured to transmit alternating current (AC).Or, can transmit direct current.The schematic diagram B of Fig. 4 has a part of roof of sept 20 except compare with schematic diagram A large and extend through of ridge cap 17, and A is similar to schematic diagram.This permission is misplaced opening along crestal line, is used to air space (or airspace) ventilation under roof.Can improve and ventilate or additionally with wind turbine or fan, add forced ventilation.In some cases, such ventilation can help the PV battery of PV module 1 in hot day, to move at a lower temperature to improve generating.In an example, the space being provided by roof sept 20 is by airspace described in air intake, and the mobile PV battery that contributes to cooling PV module 1 of air.In some cases, space under ridge cap 17 for example, except being provided for the space of wiring (fax PV module 1 being produced is passed to for example, wiring in electric power transmission network and/or energy storage device (battery)), the space that can also be provided for installing J-box 19 and/or little inverter.In some embodiments, wiring can be provided by the low section box (low profile box) that is seated in roof top and has a roof vent outward appearance.
In some embodiments, the roofing board sample PV module providing herein, for example the PV module of Fig. 1, has one or more outer surfaces (for example outer surface of single embossing), and its surface with respect to the second layer adjacent with described ground floor is to be greater than the angular orientation of zero degree.With reference to figure 5, PV module 1 comprises the outer surface 30 of the second layer 2 and the inner surface 40 between second portion 2 and third part 3.PV module 1 can comprise one or more outer surfaces, for example at least 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,20,30,40,50 outer surfaces.Outer surface 30 is with respect to the angled φ of inner surface 40.In some cases, φ is more than or equal to approximately 0 °, 0.1 °, 0.2 °, 0.3 °, 0.4 °, 0.5 °, 0.6 °, 0.7 °, 0.8 °, 0.9 °, 1 °, 2 °, 3 °, 4 °, 5 °, 6 °, 7 °, 8 °, 9 °, 10 ° or 20 °, or in some cases between approximately 0 ° and 2 ° or 1 ° and 1.5 °.PV module 1 is along parallel with inner surface 40 and can have the thickness of non-homogeneous from the axle that a side of PV module 1 is led to opposite side.Such configuration can be adjacent to each other roofing board to lay and allows that fluid flows to the second roofing board raising with respect to described the first roofing board from the first roofing board simultaneously.For example, on PV module 1 and roof for example, with respect to the adjacent installation of the angled roofing board of horizontal surface (roofing board sample PV module or non-PV roofing board) in the situation that, the water being incident in PV module 1 can flow to along the direction (referring to Fig. 4, ' g ') of acceleration of gravity vector described roofing board and finally flow to ground or collecting system (for example groove).Therefore Fig. 1,2 and 5 angled roofing board sample PV module 1 allow that fluid flows to another from a roofing board, makes holding back of water or other fluid minimize simultaneously.
In some embodiments, roofing board sample PV module can comprise a plurality of outer surfaces that are parallel to each other.In an example, the PV module of Fig. 1 comprises two outer surfaces that are parallel to each other.
In some embodiments, photovoltaic (PV) system (herein also referred to as " solar energy system ") can comprise a plurality of PV modules, and each PV module has the one or more PV batteries for generating electricity.At busbar with for described PV module being fixed under the help of other support structure on roof or other mounting structure, described PV module can be electrically coupled to one another.PV module can be one another in series and/or electric coupling in parallel.In some cases, roofing board sample PV module is combined with the roofing board (being standard roofing board) without PV module.In an example, the PV roofing board that the roofing board on one section of roof can be used to generating replace providing have and non-PV(or standard) roof of the PV roofing board that mixes of roofing board.
In some embodiments, float glass line glass technology makes it possible to the glass plate of the quite thin various sizes of preparation.For example, such technology can make it possible to form the thick and glass plate of size up to approximately 1 meter * 1.8 meters of about 1mm.In other example, such technology can make it possible to form the thick and glass plate of size up to approximately 1.2 meters * 1.5 meters of about 0.7mm.The glass that 0.55mm is thick can be prepared into less size, and slightly thick glass can be made larger size.Larger and thinner glass can make it possible to form more greatly and/or lighter conventional solar energy module and roofing board sample PV module.In an example, by its weight of PV module that the glass top plate of 1mm thickness and the glass back plate of 0.7mm form, be with single glass plate and TAPE(
Figure BDA0000424757240000151
aluminium, polyester, approximately 50% of current conventional PV module (the there is no framework) weight that EVA) backboard is made.Thin glass-glass module can advantageously provide extra environmental protection, particularly thin-film solar cells.
In some embodiments, provide glass-glass roofing board sample PV module.In an example, for the PV module 1 of Fig. 2, second portion 2 is formed by glass, and wet steam barrier layer 5 is formed by glass.The potential problems of such glass-glass structure are that PV module 1 may be held and be can't stand the desired various mechanical loads of conventional module with aluminium frame, and this can cause fault of construction, fracture and operational issue.In some cases, for glass-glass roofing board sample PV module, can for example, by means of supporting member for example, the U.S. Patent application No.13/347 that submits on January 10th, 2012,383(" PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULES AND MOUNTING SYSTEMS ") hollow support member and installation system, additional support structure is provided, and described U.S. Patent application is all incorporated to herein by reference.
Fig. 6 schematically shows photovoltaic (PV) module according to embodiment of the present invention.The PV module of Fig. 6 can be thin layer structure.The PV module of Fig. 6 can have roofing board sample configuration described herein, for example one or more outer surfaces with respect to inner surface angled (referring to for example Fig. 5).The PV module of Fig. 6 comprises optically transparent material layer 1, for example low iron toughened glass.Optically transparent material layer 1 is configured to allow light (h ν) to enter module.In an example, optically transparent material layer 1 comprises the toughened glass of thickness between about 1mm to 5mm or 2mm to 4mm.In some cases, toughened glass is low iron toughened glass.In an example, optically transparent material layer 1 has the thickness of about 3.2mm.Module also comprises adhesive phase 2 and photovoltaic (PV) battery layers 3.PV battery layers 3 comprises a plurality of PV batteries, and it can comprise CdTe, CIGS, CZTS, CZTSe or amorphous silicon PV active material (or absorbent) separately.Yet in some cases, PV battery layers 3 can comprise single PV battery.Adhesive phase 2 is for adhering to optically transparent material layer 1 by PV battery 3.Adhesive phase 2 can comprise ethane-acetic acid ethyenyl ester (EVA).Module also comprises adhesive phase 4, and it can be formed by the material identical with adhesive phase 2.Adhesive phase 4 is fixed on dielectric layer 5 by described PV battery 3, and it is adjacent with moistureproof metal forming 6 that described dielectric layer is arranged to.Dielectric layer 5 can be formed by PETG (PET), and metal foil layer 6 can form by aluminium, has in some cases with TAPE and similarly forms.Or, can replace dielectric layer 5 and metal foil layer 6 with the dielectric film with wet steam barrier being deposited on thin substrate.
Continuation is with reference to figure 6, and PV module comprises the support component of piling adjacent layout with the group with layer 1-6.In some cases, support component has a plurality of through holes of the honeycomb configuration taked.Each single hole is hexagonal shape---that is to say, single hole is limited by the shell with 6 sides.Support component can be formed by polymeric material, carbon fibre material or composite material.Described through hole can allow air to arrive the PV battery of described PV module, and it can provide and can help to improve the cooling of PV module performance (for example power stage).
In the illustrated embodiment of Fig. 6, it is upper that adhesive phase 7 is bonded to layer 1-6 by inner panel 8a, and hexagon (honeycomb) supporting construction 8 is attached on inner panel 8a by Diffusion Welding.Such structure can replace relatively costly " T " in conventional TAPE group heap structure.In some cases, support component 8 can for example be attached on inner panel 8a under the help of screw, firmware (stable) or fixture at adhesive or one or more machanical fasteners.
In some cases, inner panel 8a is the inner panel of thickness t 1, and supporting construction 8 has the web plate (web) of thickness t 2, height h and characteristic cell width (W).Supporting construction 8 and inner panel 8a can be formed by polymeric material by means of for example injection molding forming method.In an example, supporting construction 8 and inner panel 8a are formed by the injection molding part that for example material of polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or resistance to ultraviolet (UV) radiation is made of the polymeric material from economic.This can eliminate the needs that engage 8a and 8 to utilizing.
The supporting construction 8 of Fig. 6 comprises and has various shapes and configure for example through hole of bulk density (packing density).In an example, through hole is taked honeycomb configuration, and wherein each single hole has 6 walls.Hole can have other geometries, for example circle, triangle, square, rectangle, pentagon, heptagon or octagon.Through hole can be piled up with closs packing six sides (hcp) configuration, although also can use other accumulations to configure for example face-centered cubic (fcc) configuration.
Parameter " t1 ", " t2 ", " h " and " W " can provide the approximately uniform rigidity of the glass plate replacing with it according to the intensity adjustment of polymeric material.Also can be so that rigidity repeat the rigidity of conventional aluminium frame module, this may not have difference with the situation of glass.It is identical with interior plate thickness " t1 " that web plate thickness " t2 " does not need, although they can be identical.These thickness " t1 " and " t2 " can approximately 0.01 inch to 1 inch or 0.02 inch to 0.1 inch between.Cell width " W " can approximately 0.1 inch to 2 inches or 0.5 inch to 1.5 inches between, and web plate height " h " can approximately 0.1 inch to 2 inches or 0.5 inch to 1.5 inches between.In some cases, rigidity can to cube being directly proportional of the thickness of plate of material, and available thickness tends to drop in the scope being rather narrow.In order to obtain extra rigidity, do not increase significant weight, the add-in card 8b that thickness can be similar to " t1 " and " t2 " is attached to the back side.This outside plate can have the opening (being circular hole) that the diameter at the center of hexagon pattern is " D ", to allow the advection heat of module during Sunlight exposure to scatter and disappear.Plate 8b can by polymeric material or metal material for example aluminium form.
In the manufacture of the PV of Fig. 6 module, the plate of various materials is stacked together with banding 9, and at elevated temperatures, in some cases for example, at vacuum or inert environments (N 2, Ar or He) in, material is combined.In some cases, PV battery 3 is by banding 9 side constraint.Banding 9 can be near the fixing individual components of layer 2-5.Or banding 9 can form the part of inner panel 8a or supporting construction 8.
The supporting construction 8 of Fig. 6 can form in mould, and also can change partly the thickness parameter of the mould, template or the panel that are used to form supporting construction 8.For example, can change arbitrary dimension of supporting construction 8, even comprise web plate height " h ", to realize the local strengthening in some position.In some cases, can may run into therein and in the module installation region of higher stress, change " h ".Can make low stress zones attenuation so that these regions are more strong, thereby global stiffness is maximized and improve the intensity at selection area place simultaneously for given material weight simultaneously.In some cases, the thickness of inner panel 8a " t1 " is very little to the stiffness contribution of supporting construction 8, because load is transferred on glass by enough strong link the most at last.Under these circumstances, thin inner panel 8a can help to obtain reliable link.Can make inner panel 8a attenuation with weight reduction.In some embodiments, if can form enough links between the little locular wall of supporting construction 8 and layer 6, can get rid of inner panel 8a.
Supporting construction 8 and one of (if you are using) inner panel 8a and outside plate 8b or both can limit the support component of the PV module of Fig. 6.In some embodiments, one of inner panel 8a and outside plate 8b or both and supporting construction 8 become integral body.In some cases, inner panel 8a, supporting construction 8 and outside plate 8b are formed single part.In other cases, inner panel 8a and supporting construction 8 form single part, and for example utilize welding fixing near supporting construction 8 outside plate 8b.In other cases, supporting construction 8 and outside plate 8b are formed single part, and for example utilize welding fixing near supporting construction 8 inner panel 8a.This therein the edge of supporting construction 8 be not linked to layer 6 and they can be attached to the similar structure of inner panel 8a or material on situation in use.The whole region that link between supporting construction 8 and layer 6 can expand to module is to obtain better bulk strength.
Support component can comprise the hole that extends through at least a portion of supporting construction 8 and extend through in some cases whole support component.Hole can for example, be limited by shell (shell in hexagonal configuration with 6 walls).Shell is included in supporting construction 8.The shell in hole with at least a portion of supporting construction of extending through 8 can be called as " support cell ".Supporting cell for example, for example, is communicated with for the convection current of PV battery 3 cooling with hole (hole in the plate 8b) fluid that can provide fluid to flow (Air Flow).The intensity of support component (comprising supporting construction 8) can change with the geometry (comprising the size that supports cell) that supports cell.In some cases, support component has approximately 40 to 160 every square feet and supports cell, or 60 to 120 every square feet support cells, or 70 to 100 every square feet are supported cells.This square feet of number can be the cross section that is relevant to support component.In an example, support component has 80 every square feet support cells.In some cases, supporting cell distributes in mode side by side.In some embodiments, support cell and take tightly packed configuration for example closs packing six sides (hcp) or face-centered cubic (fcc) configuration.The height of each single support cell can be less than or equal to the height (h) of supporting construction 8.
Support cell number density can with support the wall thickness of cell or the height (h) of supporting construction 8 convergent-divergent that is inversely proportional to.In an example, reduce and support the thickness that cell density may need to increase the height of supporting construction 8 or increase the one or more walls that limit the shell that supports cell.In some cases, for the supporting construction being formed by polymeric material, thickness is approximately 1 inch to 3 inches or 1.5 inches to 2.0 inches.
Fig. 7 is PV module, for example, have the PV module of Fig. 6 of honeycomb supporting member, the schematic rear view of top section.PV module has characteristic cell width (W).For the width of approximately 1.25 inches, the PV module of Fig. 7 can have the module width of as directed approximately 1 meter.This can provide has the PV module (comprising support component) that stands the required structural intergrity of wind load and other environment and operational issue possibility.In some cases, if double width, highly (h) is with approximately 2 1/3the coefficient of (or approximately 1.26) amplifies in proportion.For 1 meter of block length of taking advantage of 1.6 meters, general module size can be roughly the same with the silicon module of conventional belfry, but have lighter weight in lower cost and some situation.The weight of PV module can be lower than the glass-glass design of comparable size.
Continuation is with reference to figure 7, and PV module comprises near one or more female socket 10 at module top to provide and being electrically connected to of battery in module.Within socket is shown as the cell yardstick that fits in hexagonal structure, although other plug configurations are also possible.Socket can be crossed over the region that wherein web plate is removed (or start not molded), and their shape needs not to be circular.In some cases, plug 10 can have positive structure.
In some instances, in the mode described in the situation of Fig. 6, form the PV module 1 of Fig. 1 and 2.The supporting construction of Fig. 6 can provide structural intergrity to the PV module 1 of Fig. 1 and 2, and it can advantageously help to minimize (if not eliminating) operation and installation question, for example material breakage.The roofing board sample PV module with the supporting construction described in Fig. 6 situation can be lighter than conventional PV module, makes it possible to be easy to transportation and install.
With reference to figure 8, the structure of Fig. 6 is connected with honeycomb supporting construction 8 by means of the edge clamps 21 that attaches to the edge of honeycomb supporting construction 8.Edge clamps 21 is connected with honeycomb supporting construction 8 by means of screw (demonstration) or by other Connection Element or securing member.Mechanical load on the top surface of the PV of Fig. 8 module (for example wind, snow) can force layered structure to support against firm honeycomb, and this can not cause fracture.Yet, from the wind load at the back side, may raise the center of the PV module of Fig. 8, if only use edge constraint, may cause fracture or other break.Therefore, the PV module of Fig. 8 can comprise the wherein crossing link position 22 of honeycomb cell's wall.Link position 22 can comprise that chemical fasteners is to be connected the structure of Fig. 6 with honeycomb 8.In some cases, described chemical fasteners is adhesive.Connect adhesive (as silicon rubber) and can select to there is the character that is suitable for various weather conditions, and be enough flexible so that under different heat loads for relaxing.In some embodiments, the plate 8a of honeycomb can be cancelled or be configured to (be shaped, be processed into) be similar to 8b and without any functional loss.This is the reason that little link position 22 is presented at cell wall intersection.In some cases, if the PV module of Fig. 8 comprises plate 8a, adhesive join domain as required can be much bigger.Therefore because the overall construction intensity of fabric can be attributed to honeycomb back board structure, in solar cell laminated, can use very thin glass and can not damage the water vapour barrier properties of described PV module.Such structure provides some benefits.For example, the weight saving pari passu of described PV module, and thinner glass has the light transmission rate of raising, thus improve PV efficiency (being exposed to the power stage of light time).
In some embodiments, provide roofing board sample heat collector.Roofing board sample heat collector can have as the outer surface described in the situation of this paper roofing board sample PV module, but is configured for trap thermal energy or radiant energy, and described energy can be for for example Stirling engine (Stirling engine).
Although shown herein and described the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is evident that to those skilled in the art, such execution mode only provides as an example.To those skilled in the art, in the case of without departing from the present invention, many variations, change and substituting can be expected now.Should be appreciated that, the various replacement schemes of embodiment of the present invention described herein be can be used for implementing the present invention.Being intended that claim below limits scope of the present invention and therefore covers method and structure within the scope of these claims and their equivalent.

Claims (24)

1. photovoltaic module, it comprises:
Ground floor to the permeable optically transparent material of at least a portion incident light;
The second layer of the water vapour barrier material adjacent with described ground floor, the wherein said second layer is only permeable from described ground floor at least a portion;
Adjacent with the described second layer the 3rd layer with one or more interconnection photovoltaics (PV) battery, wherein said one or more interconnection PV batteries are directed to light time of described the 3rd layer from described ground floor by the described second layer and generate electricity being exposed to, and
With the 4th layer of described the 3rd layer of adjacent electrical insulating material,
Wherein said ground floor comprises one or more outer surfaces, described outer surface with respect to the surface of the described second layer adjacent with described ground floor to be greater than the angular orientation of zero degree.
2. the photovoltaic module of claim 1, the polymeric material that wherein said ground floor comprises anti-ultraviolet radiation.
3. the photovoltaic module of claim 2, wherein said polymeric material is polymethyl methacrylate.
4. the photovoltaic module of claim 1, wherein said layer is engaged with each other by means of adhesive.
5. the photovoltaic module of claim 1, the polymeric material that wherein said water vapour barrier material comprises coating.
6. the photovoltaic module of claim 1, wherein said water vapour barrier material comprises SiO x, wherein " x " is greater than zero numeral.
7. the photovoltaic module of claim 1, the water vapor permeability of wherein said wet steam barrier material is less than or equal to approximately 10 -4gram/m 2/ day.
8. the photovoltaic module of claim 1, at least a portion of wherein said one or more outer surfaces is fixed in rugged and rough with respect to the described surface of the described second layer.
9. the photovoltaic module of claim 1, it also comprises the layer 5 with described the 4th layer of adjacent another kind of water vapour barrier material.
10. the photovoltaic module of claim 9, wherein said another kind of water vapour barrier material comprises aluminium.
The photovoltaic module of 11. claims 9, wherein said another kind of water vapour barrier material comprises the polymeric substrates that scribbles one or more barrier layers.
The photovoltaic module of 12. claims 9, it also comprises the layer 6 of protective material.
The photovoltaic module of 13. claims 1, wherein said one or more outer surfaces are a plurality of outer surfaces of integrating with described ground floor.
The photovoltaic module of 14. claims 1, it also comprises and described the 4th layer of adjacent supporting member, described supporting member has a plurality of holes that extend through described supporting member.
The photovoltaic module of 15. claims 1, wherein said one or more outer surfaces comprise a plurality of depressed parts.
16. photovoltaic modules, it comprises:
Ground floor to the permeable optically transparent material of at least a portion incident light, described ground floor has the pattern of depression;
The second layer of the first wet steam barrier material adjacent with described ground floor, the wherein said second layer is only permeable from described ground floor at least a portion;
Adjacent with the described second layer the 3rd layer with one or more interconnection photovoltaics (PV) battery, wherein said one or more interconnection PV batteries are in the light time generating being exposed to from the described second layer; With
With the 4th layer of described the 3rd layer of adjacent electrical insulating material.
The photovoltaic module of 17. claims 16, it also comprises the layer 5 with described the 4th layer of adjacent another kind of wet steam barrier material.
The photovoltaic module of 18. claims 16, it also comprises and described the 4th layer of adjacent supporting member, described supporting member has a plurality of holes that extend through described supporting member.
19. photovoltaic systems, it comprises one or more roofing board sample photovoltaic modules, each roofing board sample photovoltaic module of described one or more roofing board sample photovoltaic modules has the optical clear polymeric material embossed layers adjacent with light active material layer, and described light active material layer is formed at the light time generating being exposed to from described embossed layers.
The photovoltaic system of 20. claims 19, its also comprise with described one or more roofing board sample photovoltaic modules in the adjacent roofing board of single roofing board sample photovoltaic module.
The photovoltaic system of 21. claims 19, the channel patterns that wherein said embossed layers comprises roofing board sample configuration.
22. form the method for roofing board sample photovoltaic module, described method comprises the light active material layer that provides adjacent with optical clear polymer sheet, described optical clear polymer sheet has the recess patterns of the roofing board sample configuration forming therein, and wherein said light active material is in the light time generating being exposed to from described optical clear polymer sheet.
The method of 23. claims 22 wherein, before described light active material layer is provided, forms described recess patterns in described optical clear polymer sheet.
The method of 24. claims 23, wherein said recess patterns forms by embossing.
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