Adopt the high-power transformer no-load test method of wave filter compensation technique
Technical field
The present invention relates to high-power transformer experimental technique field, is a kind of high-power transformer no-load test method that adopts wave filter compensation technique specifically.
Background technology
Large-scale power transformer is one of equipment most important, the most expensive in power transmission and transformation system, and its reliability is directly connected to power system safety and stability operation.Before transformer dispatches from the factory or overhaul puts into operation, need test, to check that can whether transformer inside exists defect, put into operation safely.No-load Test of Transformer can be found the quality problems of transformer core and winding, is one of the pilot project that must do of transformer.
At present, the typical no-load test loop of high-power transformer consists of experiment power supply, middle change, tested change and measuring system both at home and abroad.Experiment power supply output voltage is added in tested change two ends after centre change is boosted, and provides test required voltage waveform.Experiment power supply generally adopts synchronous generator unit or pressure regulator.
During No-load Test of Transformer, because the magnetization curve of iron core is nonlinear, under sinusoidal excitation, no-load current, containing a large amount of higher hamonic waves, is non-sinusoidal.Especially transformer core saturated after, in no-load current, perceptual idle component increases severely.Large-scale power transformer capacity is high, and impedance is large, and non-sinusoidal no-load current can cause no-load test voltage waveform to distort, and affects the Measurement accuracy of no-load test parameter.Therefore, in standard < < power transformer test guidance > > (JB/T501-2006), stipulated in No-load Test of Transformer, the relative deviation of shape correction factor d(mean voltage meter reading U ' and effective voltmeter reading U, i.e. d=(U'-U)/U') be less than or equal to 3%.
The basic reason that no-load voltage waveform produces distortion is that non-sinusoidal no-load current produces pressure drop while flowing through in test loop element impedance; Especially, after tested transformer core is saturated, distort more obvious.Improving voltage waveform quality can start with from two aspects: the one, increase power supply capacity, and the 2nd, reduce impedance loop.
For the power transformer of UHV (ultra-high voltage) and extra-high voltage, increase power supply capacity very difficult, because according to practical experience, it is tested change rated capacity that no-load test power supply capacity is got 0.1Sn(Sn) left and right could meet wave form distortion requirement, and cost is too high, investment large, test unit is too huge.
Therefore,, in large-scale power transformer no-load test, the method for taking to reduce impedance loop is come warranty test voltage waveform distortion to meet will to impose more.At present, conventional is both at home and abroad high pressure switching Reactive Power Device (as capacitor group etc.), and switching high-pressure reactive compensation device when iron core is tending towards saturated in No-load Test of Transformer, in order to compensate the perceptual weight in no-load current.For example, in Chinese invention patent CN200810020115.1, announced the method for utilizing capacitor group to carry out reactive-load compensation in transformer loss test; And for example, in Chinese utility model patent CN200820014071.7, announce a kind of utilization and with the capacitor group of tap, carried out the device of transformer test compensation.
High-voltage capacitance has certain effect to the compensation of perceptual fundamental frequency component in no-load current, but the harmonic component in no-load current is had to amplification on the contrary, causes the larger distortion of voltage waveform.Meanwhile, switching Shunt compensation capacitor can produce transient overvoltage, and the highest meeting surpasses 1.26 times of rated voltage, may cause oscillation circuit, has certain risk.
Therefore, studying pratical and feasible, available high-power transformer test compensation technique, reduce experiment power supply capacity, improve test waveform quality, is problem demanding prompt solution.Especially along with the further developing of extra-high voltage alternating current-direct current, can provide portable high-power transformer (comprising converter power transformer) the test unit application prospect of high-quality trial voltage day by day wide, study novel transformer test and compensation technique extremely urgent.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the existing problems of prior art, a kind of high-power transformer no-load test method that adopts wave filter compensation technique is proposed, can solve preferably in the test of current high-power transformer for the contradiction between waveform quality requirement and power supply capacity, for transformer test technology and complete equipment play to scene, miniaturization development the effect of actively promoting.
The high-power transformer no-load test method of described employing wave filter compensation technique, connect successively AC-testing supply, intermediate transformer and tested transformer, it is characterized in that, the hv filtering device of connecting at elementary one or more groups higher hamonic wave RLC that is connected in parallel of tested transformer, then with the hv filtering device compensation without capacitance compensation and access all the time, carry out the no-load test to tested transformer, to realize in the high-power transformer no-load test not increasing under no-load test power supply capacity, not deteriorated no-load voltage waveform quality requirements.
The new edition power industry compulsory standard < < electrical safe working order > > regulation of national grid issue: electric pressure 1000V and above be high voltage electric equipment.
The hv filtering device of described higher hamonic wave RLC series connection and low voltage filter or the on high-tension side capacitance compensation wave filter of low-pressure side are distinct, and capacitance compensation needs switching access stage by stage, can produce the risk of transient overvoltage.
The parameter of resistance, electric capacity, inductance element in the hv filtering device that definite described higher hamonic wave RLC connects as follows:
One, determine the rated voltage U of described hv filtering device
fNwith harmonic wave electric current I
fN:
Rated voltage is calculated with following formula: U
fN=K * U
m,
U in formula
fNfor the rated voltage of hv filtering device, K is safety coefficient, U
mfor the highest trial voltage, getting safety coefficient K is 1.15;
Harmonic current I
fNfor the corresponding harmonic current components of hv filtering device characteristic frequency λ, described hv filtering device characteristic frequency λ is the odd-multiple of tested transformer rated frequency, and described harmonic current components is the corresponding higher harmonic current of tested transformer;
Two, determine the capacity S of hv filtering device
f, quality factor q:
The capacity S of hv filtering device
fwith following formula, calculate:
S
f=U
m×I
fN,
U wherein
mfor the highest trial voltage, I
fNfor the corresponding harmonic current components of filter characteristic frequency lambda;
The span of described quality factor q is 10≤Q≤50;
Three, with following formula, determine respectively capacitance, inductance value, the resistance value of described hv filtering device:
In formula, C is the capacitance of hv filtering device, and L is the inductance value of hv filtering device, and R is the resistance value of hv filtering device, S
ffor the capacity of hv filtering device, U
fNfor the rated voltage of hv filtering device, f is experiment power supply frequency, and λ is the characteristic frequency of hv filtering device, and Q is the quality factor of hv filtering device.
The highest trial voltage provides according to testing regulations (GB) and transformer rated voltage.
As a kind of value embodiment of quality factor, the quality factor value 40 of hv filtering device.
A kind of embodiment, the elementary two groups of hv filtering devices that are connected in parallel at tested transformer, setting respectively characteristic frequency is three times of power frequencies and five times of power frequencies, and calculates respectively harmonic current and capacity, determines respectively resistance, inductance, the capacitance parameter of two groups of hv filtering devices.
Described AC-testing supply is that high-voltage variable frequency power source or genset connect the power supply that pressure regulator forms.
The present invention's advantage is compared to existing technology: utilize hv filtering device to test compensation system as large-scale power transformer, can complementation test current first harmonics, also the harmonic wave in can complementation test electric current, can effectively improve trial voltage waveform and reduce aberration rate, and then significantly reduce experiment power supply capacity, thereby make experiment power supply miniaturization, reduce transportation cost; And wave filter is operated in loop in process is boosted in zero load always, does not need high pressure switching, can not produce transient overvoltage, and empirical risk coefficient greatly reduces.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is high-power transformer no-load test major loop schematic diagram,
Fig. 2 a is that no-load test median filter works in the equivalent circuit figure under first-harmonic,
Fig. 2 b is that no-load test median filter works in the equivalent circuit figure under harmonic wave.
In figure: 1-AC-testing supply, 2-intermediate transformer, 3-hv filtering device group, 4-tested transformer.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is further described: as shown in fig. 1, the high-power transformer no-load test method of described employing wave filter compensation technique, connect successively AC-testing supply 1, intermediate transformer 2 and tested transformer 4, the hv filtering device 3 of connecting at elementary one or more groups higher hamonic wave RLC that is connected in parallel of tested transformer 4, then tested transformer is carried out to no-load test, to realize in the high-power transformer no-load test not increasing under no-load test power supply capacity, not deteriorated no-load voltage waveform quality requirements.
The parameter of the interior resistance of hv filtering device 3 that definite described higher hamonic wave RLC connects as follows, electric capacity, inductance element:
One, determine the rated voltage U of described hv filtering device 3
fNwith harmonic wave electric current I
fN:
Rated voltage is calculated with following formula: U
fN=K * U
m,
U in formula
fNfor the rated voltage of hv filtering device, K is safety coefficient, U
mfor the highest trial voltage, getting safety coefficient K is 1.15;
Harmonic current I
fNfor the corresponding harmonic current components of hv filtering device characteristic frequency λ, described hv filtering device characteristic frequency λ is the odd-multiple of tested transformer rated frequency, and described harmonic current components is the corresponding higher harmonic current of tested transformer;
Two, determine the capacity S of hv filtering device
f, quality factor q:
The capacity S of hv filtering device
fwith following formula, calculate:
S
f=U
m×I
fN,
U wherein
mfor the highest trial voltage, I
fNfor the corresponding harmonic current components of filter characteristic frequency lambda;
The span of described quality factor q is 10≤Q≤50;
Three, with following formula, determine respectively capacitance, inductance value, the resistance value of described hv filtering device:
In formula, C is the capacitance of hv filtering device, and L is the inductance value of hv filtering device, and R is the resistance value of hv filtering device, S
ffor the capacity of hv filtering device, U
fNfor the rated voltage of hv filtering device, f is experiment power supply frequency, and λ is the characteristic frequency of hv filtering device, and Q is the quality factor of hv filtering device.
As a kind of value embodiment of quality factor, the quality factor value 40 of hv filtering device 3.
A kind of embodiment, by the elementary two groups of hv filtering devices 3 that are connected in parallel of formula transformer 4, setting respectively characteristic frequency is third and fifth harmonic, and calculates respectively harmonic current and capacity, determines respectively resistance, inductance, the capacitance parameter of two groups of hv filtering devices.
As embodiment, described AC-testing supply 1 is that high-voltage variable frequency power source or genset connect the power supply that pressure regulator forms.
Above-described embodiment feature can be applied in different embodiment mutually.
Described AC-testing supply 1 can adopt conventional high-power transformer experiment power supply, as heavy-duty generator group and pressure regulator; Also can adopt novel transformer test power supply, as high-voltage variable frequency power source etc.
Described intermediate transformer 2 is for lifting test voltage, and both sides voltage determines by electric power output voltage and tested time variant voltage grade, and capacity is determined jointly by experiment power supply capacity and the middle impedance that becomes self.
Each group of described hv filtering device group 3 is in series by electric capacity, inductance, resistive element by wave filter.Following wave filter all refers to the hv filtering device of single group.When hv filtering device is connected in parallel on tested transformer two ends, no-load current medium frequency equals the harmonic wave of filter characteristic frequency by filtering completely; Component for frequency lower than filter characteristic frequency, wave filter is capacitive, can compensate the inductance current of iron core; Harmonic component for frequency higher than filter characteristic frequency, wave filter is perception, and inductance current is shunted (inhibition).Therefore, wave filter can reduce the harmonic current that flows into experiment power supply, reduces harmonic voltage simultaneously.According to harmonic characteristic, select suitable filter characteristic frequency, can make wave filter shunt low-frequency harmonics in compensation first-harmonic, and then improve the trial voltage waveform at tested transformer two ends, reduce experiment power supply capacity.
Utilize the compensation effect of Analysis of Equivalent Circuit wave filter to no-load current first-harmonic and harmonic wave, as shown in Fig. 2 a, 2b.For no-load current first-harmonic, because filter characteristic frequency is greater than power frequency, therefore loop median filter can be equivalent to capacitive load (as shown in Figure 2 a), and tested transformer presents great perception after saturated, wave filter can compensate this part inductance current, thereby reduces no-load current first-harmonic size.For no-load current harmonic wave, due to the nonlinear magnetization effect of tested transformer core, tested change can be equivalent to a Harmonic Current and analyze (as shown in Figure 2 b).Now, middle change and experiment power supply part loop can be equivalent to inductive load; And filter characteristic frequency lower than or equal harmonic current frequency, be also perception; Therefore, wave filter can be shunted harmonic wave, and then reduces to flow into the harmonic component of experiment power supply.
Above-mentioned analysis shows, in high-power transformer no-load test, when core sataration no-load current distorts, hv filtering device can compensate no-load current first-harmonic, filter harmonic wave, improves trial voltage waveform, effectively reduces AC-testing supply capacity.
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, describe implementing procedure of the present invention in detail.What deserves to be explained is, the present invention is not limited thereto embodiment, all applicable to other various types of high-power transformers tests.
Selection specific embodiment is: the single-phase converter power transformer of ± 800kV, and design parameter is as shown in table 1, and corresponding intermediate transformer parameter is as shown in table 2.
Table 1 ± 800kV converter power transformer major parameter:
Table 2 variable element that boosts:
Rated capacity |
10.5MVA |
Short-circuit impedance |
6% |
Low-pressure side rated voltage |
12kV |
High-pressure side rated voltage |
145.5kV |
Open circuit loss |
11kW |
Load loss |
40kW |
Concrete computational analysis flow process is: in simulation analysis instrument (as PSCAD, Matlab etc.), according to the excitation curve of tested transformer, set up analytical model.According to the circuit structure of Fig. 1, set up test loop analytical model.Wherein, power supply can be equivalent to the ideal source of volume-variable; Intermediate transformer is not considered state of saturation, can be equivalent to the transformer with loss; Wave filter is rlc circuit, resistance, inductance, electric capacity, consists of.
Change the output voltage values of ideal source in test, analyze the trial voltage at no-load current and tested transformer two ends, contrast adds waveform correction coefficient d and the total harmonic distortion THD of wave filter before and after test power supply and middle transformer output power, trial voltage.
The characterisitic parameter of wave filter comprises rated voltage U
fN, characteristic frequency λ, quality factor q, rated capacity S, by these parameters, can calculate the value of corresponding resistance, inductance, capacity cell.
In conjunction with aforementioned U
fN, λ, Q, S
f, can calculate: C=0.38uF, L=2.99H, R=70.65 Ω.
By above-mentioned analytical approach and flow process, shown in reckoner 1 ± adding the correlation parameter before and after wave filter in the single-phase converter power transformer no-load test of 800kV, result is: while not adding wave filter, trial voltage is 1.1U
ntime, the waveform correction coefficient d=– 4.23% of trial voltage, total harmonic distortion THD=9.68%, experiment power supply and middle change output applied power are 3140kVA; Add U
fN=130kV, λ=150Hz, Q=40, S
fafter the wave filter of=2MVA, trial voltage is 1.1U
ntime, d=– 0.40%, THD=1.30%, experiment power supply and the middle output power 784kVA that becomes.
As can be seen here, the invention provides the high-power transformer test method based on compensation filter complex technique, can effectively reduce the capacity of high-power transformer no-load test power supply, improve no-load test voltage waveform, solve the defect of prior art, had good actual application value.