CN103557950A - Single photon detector with stable efficiency and control method - Google Patents
Single photon detector with stable efficiency and control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103557950A CN103557950A CN201310538619.3A CN201310538619A CN103557950A CN 103557950 A CN103557950 A CN 103557950A CN 201310538619 A CN201310538619 A CN 201310538619A CN 103557950 A CN103557950 A CN 103557950A
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- chip microcomputer
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Abstract
The invention discloses a single photon detector with stable efficiency and a control method. The control method includes the following steps that the temperature difference between the inside of a refrigerating box and the outside is kept constant when the refrigerating box works at the constant maximum power. When the outside environment temperature changes, a single-chip microcomputer is used for controlling reverse bias voltage loaded on the two ends of an avalanche photodiode to ensure stable detection efficiency under different temperatures of the single photon detector. The performances of a semiconductor refrigerating sheet can be utilized to the maximum, the manner of controlling through the single-chip microcomputer is used for replacing the complicated manner of controlling through a PID, thus, the single photon detector is simple in structure and low in cost and meets the requirement for commercialized production better.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to single-photon detector technical field, specifically a kind of single-photon detector of stabilised efficiency and control method.
Background technology
Along with the scope of single-photon detector application is more and more wider, to the applicability of single-photon detector, also require more and more higher.Because the core devices avalanche photodide in single-photon detector must work under cryogenic conditions, thereby the refrigeration system of system has been proposed to very high requirement.The general adoption rate of solutions for refrigeration of the single-photon detector of main flow, integration, differential (PID) temperature are controlled at present, and the advantage of PID is avalanche photodide to be stabilized in to a certain definite temperature, thereby bonding photon detector detection efficiency is stable.Yet PID temperature is controlled, also have some defects, it must reserve certain temperature controlling range, to adapt to different ambient temperatures.And temperature control process need to experience and measure relatively and the process of feedback regulation, so it is long to arrive the required time of target temperature.
In addition, as weighing one of important indicator of single-photon detector performance, the dark counting level of system and the working temperature of avalanche photo diode (APD) are closely related, and dark counting becomes positively related relation substantially with temperature: APD working temperature is lower, and system dark counting level is also lower.This characteristic has also been drawn another defect of PID temperature control technology: when the variation of ambient temperature of single-photon detector, for example be in the environment of outdoor low temperature, at this moment refrigerator had the ability to provide lower APD working temperature originally, thereby make detector obtain better performance, but PID but can only make system works in setting value, and this is actually a kind of waste to refrigerator refrigerating efficiency.
Therefore, if make refrigerator be operated in maximum refrigeration work consumption always, can make APD always work in the optimum temperature state under precondition, and this optimum condition can regulate along with ambient temperature changes automatically.But this scheme also can be brought a problem, and that is exactly along with temperature change, and the detection efficiency of APD also can change, and therefore how to realize " optimum temperature " simultaneously and has become the whether feasible key of this scheme with " stabilised efficiency ".
Summary of the invention
The single-photon detector and the control method that the object of the invention is a kind of stabilised efficiency of proposing for above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, its can maximal efficiency the performance of utilizing semiconductor chilling plate, and can bonding photon detector under different temperatures detection efficiency stable.
Realizing the concrete technical scheme of the object of the invention is:
A kind of single-photon detector of stabilised efficiency, feature is that this detector comprises steady voltage source, refrigeration cassette, single-chip microcomputer and high-pressure modular, in described refrigeration cassette, be provided with semiconductor chilling plate, avalanche photodide and thermo-sensitive resistor, avalanche photodide and thermo-sensitive resistor are fixedly connected with semiconductor chilling plate; Steady voltage source connects semiconductor chilling plate, and thermo-sensitive resistor and high-pressure modular connect single-chip microcomputer, and high-pressure modular connects avalanche photodide.
The control method of single-photon detector, the method comprises following concrete steps:
A, provide the constant voltage source that makes its refrigeration work consumption maximum for the semiconductor chilling plate in the refrigeration cassette of single-photon detector;
Temperature in the refrigeration cassette of b, single-photon detector is transferred to single-chip microcomputer by thermo-sensitive resistor by temperature signal;
C, single-chip microcomputer, according to temperature signal, are controlled high-pressure modular output; The output of high-pressure modular is the reverse biased that is carried in avalanche photodide two ends;
D, when the refrigeration cassette ambient temperature of single-photon detector changes, change the reverse biased that is carried in avalanche photodide two ends, bonding photon detector stabilised efficiency; Wherein:
Described control high-pressure modular output is: be plotted in the temperature of single-photon detector under identical detection efficiency and the reverse biased graph of a relation at avalanche photodide two ends, and calculate the mathematical function of this graph of a relation, by this mathematical function input single-chip microcomputer, finally by single-chip microcomputer, the output of high-pressure modular is controlled.
The present invention makes refrigeration work under constant peak power, guarantee that the inner and extraneous temperature difference of refrigeration cassette keeps certain, when ambient temperature changes, by Single-chip Controlling, be carried in the size of avalanche photodide two ends reverse biased, guaranteed single-photon detector detection efficiency stable under the different temperatures.
Advantage of the present invention is: the performance of utilizing semiconductor chilling plate of energy maximal efficiency, and by Single-chip Controlling mode, replaced complicated PID to control, simple in structure, with low cost, more meet the demand of commercially producing.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is single-photon detector inner structure schematic diagram of the present invention;
The inventive method workflow diagram when Fig. 2 is temperature variation.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, by embodiment, feature of the present invention and other correlated characteristics are described in further detail, so that technician's of the same trade understanding:
Consult Fig. 1, single-photon detector inner structure of the present invention comprises steady voltage source, refrigeration cassette, single-chip microcomputer and high-pressure modular, in described refrigeration cassette, be provided with semiconductor chilling plate, avalanche photodide and thermo-sensitive resistor, avalanche photodide and thermo-sensitive resistor are fixedly connected with semiconductor chilling plate; Steady voltage source connects semiconductor chilling plate, and thermo-sensitive resistor and high-pressure modular connect single-chip microcomputer, and high-pressure modular connects avalanche photodide.
Stable voltage source, to the semiconductor chilling plate power supply in refrigeration cassette, is operated under peak power semiconductor chilling plate, guarantees that the difference of refrigeration cassette internal temperature and ambient temperature is certain.Thermo-sensitive resistor is monitored the temperature of refrigeration cassette inside in real time, and the temperature information of refrigeration cassette inside is transferred to single-chip microcomputer processing.Single-chip microcomputer changes by controlling high-pressure modular the reverse biased that is carried in avalanche photodide two ends, realizes the control of avalanche photodide detection efficiency.
Consult Fig. 2, during temperature variation, the inventive method workflow is: switch on power, when the temperature in refrigeration cassette drops to avalanche photodide and can work, thermo-sensitive resistor is transferred to single-chip microcomputer by temperature information now, single-chip microcomputer is opened high-pressure modular, high pressure is carried in to avalanche photodide two ends, single-photon detector is operated under a certain detection efficiency.When ambient temperature raises, refrigeration cassette internal temperature also increases, the detection efficiency of single-photon detector declines, single-chip microcomputer is by the temperature information receiving, increase the reverse biased that is carried in avalanche photodide two ends, single-photon detector detection efficiency increases, thereby bonding photon detector detection efficiency is stable.When ambient temperature declines, refrigeration cassette internal temperature also declines thereupon, single-photon detector detection efficiency increases, single-chip microcomputer is by the temperature information receiving, reduce the reverse biased that is carried in avalanche photodide two ends, single-photon detector detection efficiency declines, and carrys out the stable of bonding photon detector detection efficiency.
For stablizing of bonding photon detector detection efficiency, single-chip microcomputer must be according to temperature variation, and fine adjustment is carried in avalanche photodide two ends reverse biased.In order to realize this fine adjustment, first must measure temperature and the reverse biased graph of a relation of single-photon detector under identical detection efficiency, then from this graph of a relation, calculate the mathematical function that is applicable to this graph of a relation, finally by programming, guarantee the accurate control to high-pressure modular on single-chip microcomputer.By the control of single-chip microcomputer, whole temperature variation regulates the time can be controlled at a millisecond magnitude.
Embodiment
A, for the semiconductor chilling plate in the refrigeration cassette of the single-photon detector of 36 watts of power provides voltage, be the constant voltage source of 12V, make its refrigeration work consumption maximum;
Temperature in the refrigeration cassette of b, single-photon detector is-60～-50 ℃, by thermo-sensitive resistor, temperature signal is transferred to single-chip microcomputer;
C, single-chip microcomputer, according to temperature signal, are controlled high-pressure modular output; The output of high-pressure modular is the reverse biased that is carried in avalanche photodide two ends;
D, change when the refrigeration cassette ambient temperature of single-photon detector, refrigeration cassette internal temperature changes thereupon, thermo-sensitive resistor passes to single-chip microcomputer by temperature signal, and single-chip microcomputer is carried in the reverse biased at avalanche photodide two ends by change, and bonding photon detector stabilised efficiency is 10%;
Wherein, the output of described control high-pressure modular is: when single-photon detector detection efficiency is 10% time, measure avalanche photodide corresponding reverse biased at different operating temperature, (following data are the experimental data of a certain detector) its relation table is as follows:
According to above-mentioned list, for the ease of calculating, can think that, in a certain temperature range, refrigeration cassette internal temperature and reverse biased are linear relationships.
Thus can be in temperature range (50 ℃～-51 ℃), the function of reverse biased and temperature is:
Reverse biased Vb=(47.08-47.00) * (50-T)/(50-(51))+47.00
Wherein T is current refrigeration cassette internal temperature.
Other temperature ranges, the function of reverse biased and temperature can obtain by similar method.The semiconductor chilling plate that this detector uses can not make refrigeration cassette internal temperature lower than-60 ℃, therefore when T is during lower than-60 degrees Celsius, no longer write functional relation between the two.
According to gained funtcional relationship, become computerese input single-chip microcomputer, when single-chip microcomputer receives temperature signal variation, the output of high-pressure modular make corresponding change.
When ambient temperature too high, cause that refrigeration cassette internal temperature is too high, now avalanche photodide cannot work, single-photon detector will quit work by Single-chip Controlling high-pressure modular, the bias voltage that makes to be carried in avalanche photodide two ends is zero, can reduce to a certain extent the loss of avalanche photodide, extend its serviceable life.
Claims (2)
1. the single-photon detector of a stabilised efficiency, it is characterized in that this detector comprises steady voltage source, refrigeration cassette, single-chip microcomputer and high-pressure modular, in described refrigeration cassette, be provided with semiconductor chilling plate, avalanche photodide and thermo-sensitive resistor, avalanche photodide and thermo-sensitive resistor are fixedly connected with semiconductor chilling plate; Steady voltage source connects semiconductor chilling plate, and thermo-sensitive resistor and high-pressure modular connect single-chip microcomputer, and high-pressure modular connects avalanche photodide.
2. a control method for single-photon detector described in claim 1, is characterized in that the method comprises following concrete steps:
A, provide the constant voltage source that makes its refrigeration work consumption maximum for the semiconductor chilling plate in the refrigeration cassette of single-photon detector;
Temperature in the refrigeration cassette of b, single-photon detector is transferred to single-chip microcomputer by thermo-sensitive resistor by temperature signal;
C, single-chip microcomputer, according to temperature signal, are controlled high-pressure modular output; The output of high-pressure modular is the reverse biased that is carried in avalanche photodide two ends;
D, when the refrigeration cassette ambient temperature of single-photon detector changes, change the reverse biased that is carried in avalanche photodide two ends, bonding photon detector stabilised efficiency; Wherein:
Described control high-pressure modular output is: be plotted in the temperature of single-photon detector under identical detection efficiency and the reverse biased graph of a relation at avalanche photodide two ends, and calculate the mathematical function of this graph of a relation, by this mathematical function input single-chip microcomputer, by single-chip microcomputer, the output of high-pressure modular is controlled.
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Cited By (5)
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| CN106768317A (en) * | 2016-11-14 | 2017-05-31 | 中国电子科技集团公司第四十研究所 | The caliberating device and method of a kind of single-photon detector detection efficient |
| US9823123B2 (en) | 2015-01-30 | 2017-11-21 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | System and method for controlling excess bias of single photon avalanche photo diode |
| WO2018045491A1 (en) * | 2016-09-06 | 2018-03-15 | 华为技术有限公司 | Device and system for generating single photon, method for fixing single-photon source |
| CN109579352A (en) * | 2018-11-09 | 2019-04-05 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | A kind of refrigerator for photodetector |
| CN109932065A (en) * | 2019-03-11 | 2019-06-25 | 浙江赋同科技有限公司 | Suitable for the monitoring system of superconducting nano-wire single-photon detection system, method, terminal, medium |
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| US20050279923A1 (en) * | 2004-06-22 | 2005-12-22 | Radu Ispasoiu | Lens mount integrated with a thermoelectrically cooled photodetector module |
| CN1760652A (en) * | 2005-11-23 | 2006-04-19 | 中国科学院物理研究所 | Pure digital controlled single photon detector in high integrity |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9823123B2 (en) | 2015-01-30 | 2017-11-21 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | System and method for controlling excess bias of single photon avalanche photo diode |
| WO2018045491A1 (en) * | 2016-09-06 | 2018-03-15 | 华为技术有限公司 | Device and system for generating single photon, method for fixing single-photon source |
| CN106768317A (en) * | 2016-11-14 | 2017-05-31 | 中国电子科技集团公司第四十研究所 | The caliberating device and method of a kind of single-photon detector detection efficient |
| CN109579352A (en) * | 2018-11-09 | 2019-04-05 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | A kind of refrigerator for photodetector |
| CN109932065A (en) * | 2019-03-11 | 2019-06-25 | 浙江赋同科技有限公司 | Suitable for the monitoring system of superconducting nano-wire single-photon detection system, method, terminal, medium |
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Application publication date: 20140205 |