CN103554647B - 一种可降解农用膜 - Google Patents

一种可降解农用膜 Download PDF

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CN103554647B
CN103554647B CN201310543326.4A CN201310543326A CN103554647B CN 103554647 B CN103554647 B CN 103554647B CN 201310543326 A CN201310543326 A CN 201310543326A CN 103554647 B CN103554647 B CN 103554647B
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胡雪林
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Ye Min
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种可降解农用膜，农用膜由下述重量份的原料制成：15份可降解毛竹细粉、30份聚乙烯、45份粒径为1-2μm的细填充物、3份疏水改性剂、2份润滑剂、2份交联剂、2份抗氧剂和1份分散剂。该发明具有可降解、不含残留特性。也具有良好的力学性能和热稳定性。可以广泛用于种植蔬菜、瓜果等。

Description

一种可降解农用膜
技术领域
本发明涉及一种农用膜，特别是一种可降解的农用膜。
背景技术
农用膜是继种子、化肥、农药之后的农业生产的重要原料。主要包括棚膜和地膜等。常用的薄膜为普通聚氯乙烯薄膜、聚氯乙烯无滴膜、普通聚乙烯薄膜、聚乙烯无滴膜、聚乙烯多功能复合膜及聚乙烯—乙酸乙酯（eva）多功能复合膜等。虽然这类材料具有优异的物理性能，但是这类材料不易降解，残留的旧膜在农田和土壤中难以消除，会造成严重的环境污染问题。这类农业用膜在土壤中难以回收，而且回收后难以利用。通过深埋和焚烧等方式的处理不仅不能消除这种污染，还会带来一系列的问题。
为了解决农业生产中和环境保护的这一矛盾，目前世界各国已经研制出各种具有降解功能的薄膜来代替聚乙烯塑料膜。
美国F、H、OTEY等研制了一种聚乙烯-淀粉-聚氯乙烯类型的膜（Ind End Chen Prod Res Der 1980 19592-595)。该膜含淀粉60%，聚乙烯醇15%左右，将聚氯乙烯溶胶涂覆于聚氯乙烯醇-淀粉之上来提高膜的耐水能力。这种膜在未涂覆聚氯乙烯的情况下，几乎没有湿强度，而聚氯乙烯膜的引入对降解是不利的。同时聚氯乙烯在进行地膜育种时曾经发生烂种现象。
在US 4337181中，发明人将淀粉，乙烯丙烯酸共聚物混合，还可以加入聚乙烯，用添加剂中和部分共聚物的酸基。并将其吹塑制膜。该方法使用了湿淀粉，其降解性能好，但价格较贵，需要特殊的添加剂。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种可在180-360天降解的农用膜。     
   本发明的农用膜由下述重量份的原料制成。
   15份可降解毛竹细粉、30份聚乙烯、45份粒径为1-2μm的细填充物、3份疏水改性剂、2份润滑剂、2份交联剂、2份抗氧剂和1份分散剂。
   将上述各种原料经现有的技术共混、挤出、吹塑后，就可以制成可降解的农用膜。
   所述的润滑剂为硬脂酸锌。
   所述的分散剂为CH-1型超分散剂，由上海三正高分子材料有限公司生产。
   所述的聚乙烯包括重量百分浓度为20%的高密度聚乙烯及80%的线型低密度聚乙烯。
   所述的填充物包括重量百分浓度为45%的碳酸钙和重量百分浓度为15%的可降解的毛竹细粉。
所述的可降解毛竹细粉是由毛竹经过粉碎后经研磨机研磨直至成为超细粉后，再加入疏水改性剂在常温下搅拌2小时后制成，所述超细粉与所述疏水剂改性剂的重量比为100:3。所述的改性剂为硅烷偶联剂，其型号为：DL-171，由江苏晨光偶联有限公司生产。
由于本发明利用毛竹的植物细粉起到降解的引发作用，能很好地促进PE的降解，尤其是埋入地下、闭光、潮湿的条件下，能加速PE的降解。可在180-360天完全降解。焚烧处理时，燃烧时不产生黑烟，没有刺鼻的气味和有毒害的气体，烧尽的灰粉末无残留有毒、有害物质、沉淀物，粉灰末与水能溶解。
本发明制成的农用膜的力学性能按GB4455-2006标准检测，其拉伸强度纵横向≥55KN/M。该膜可在180天——360天内自动降解。
与现有技术相比，所制成的农用膜能够保持优良的透气、环境可降解性、不含残留有毒、有害物质，又具有良好的力学性能，热稳定性。并具有穿刺、防风等多种功能效果，还能较大幅度地降低成本，可代替目前不可降解的材料，而广泛应用于种植蔬菜、瓜果类作物和玉米、棉花、大豆、米稻等农作物的农田覆盖。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例对本发明进行具体描述，有必要在此指出的是以下实施例只是用于对本发明进行进一步的说明，不能理解为对发明保护的范围的限制，根据上述本发明内容对发明所作出的一些非本质的改进和调整，仍属于本发明的保护范围。
实施例1：
所述的一种可降解农用膜，由下述重量的原料制成。
可降解毛竹细粉                   20%
聚乙烯                            25%
充填剂                             45%
疏水改性剂                         4%
润滑剂                             2%
交联剂                             2%
抗氧剂                              1%
分散剂                              1%
将上述各种原料经现有的技术共混、挤出、吹塑后，就可以制成可降解的农用膜。
所述的分散剂为CH-1型超分散剂，由上海三正高分子材料有限公司生产。
所述的聚乙烯包括重量份浓度为20%的高密度聚乙烯及80%的线性低密度聚乙烯。
所述的填充物包括重量份为20%的可降解毛竹细粉，45%碳酸钙混合而成。
所述的毛竹细粉，将毛竹粉碎，经研磨机研磨成超细粉，加入疏水改性剂搅拌，在常温下改性2小时即可。毛竹细粉与疏水改性剂的重量比为100:4。
所述的疏水改性剂为硅烷偶联剂，其型号为：DL-171，由江苏晨光偶联剂有限公司生产。
实施例2：
所述的一种可降解农用膜，由下述重量份原料制成。
可降解的毛竹细粉                    20%
聚乙烯                              20%
填充物                              50%
疏水改性剂                          4%
润滑剂                               2%
交联剂                              2%
抗氧剂                              1%
分散剂                              1%
将上述各种原料经现有技术公混、挤出、吹塑后，就可以制成可降解的农用膜。
所述的分散剂为CH-1型超分散剂，由上海之正高分子材料有限公司生产。
所述的聚乙烯包括重量份浓度为20%的毛竹细粉，50%碳酸钙混合而成。
所述的毛竹细粉，加入疏水改性剂搅拌，在常温下改性2小时即可。毛竹细粉与疏水改性剂的重量比为100:4。
所述的疏水改性剂为硅烷偶联剂，其型号为：DL-171，由江苏晨光偶联剂有限公司生产。
实施例3：
所述的一种可降解的农用膜，由下述重量份的原料制成。
可降解毛竹细粉                    25%
填充物                              50%
疏水改性剂                           5%
润滑剂                              1%
交联剂                               2%
抗氧剂                               1%
分散剂                               1%
    将上述各种原料经现有技术共混、挤出、吹塑后，就可以制成可降解的农用膜。
所述的分散剂为CH-1型超分散剂，由上海三正高分子材料有限公司生产。
所述的聚乙烯包括重量份浓度为20%的高密度聚乙烯及80%的线性低密度聚乙烯。
所述的填充物包括重量百分浓度为25%的毛竹细粉，50%碳酸钙混合而成。
所述的毛竹细粉，加入疏水改性剂搅拌，在常温下改性2小时即可。毛竹细粉与疏水改性剂的重量比为100:5。
所述的疏水改性剂为硅烷偶联剂，其型号为：DL-171，由江苏晨光偶联有限公司。
实施例4：
所述的一种可降解农用膜，由下述重量份的原料制成。
可降解毛竹细粉                  20%
聚乙烯                          15%
填充物                          55%
疏水改性剂                      3%
润滑剂                           2%
交联剂                           2%
抗氧剂                           1%
分散剂                             2%
将上述各种原料经现有技术共混、挤出、吹塑后，就可以制成可降解的农用膜。
所述的分散剂为CH-1型超分散剂，由上海三正高分子材料有限公司生产。
所述的聚乙烯包括重量百分浓度100%的线性低密度聚乙烯。
所述的填充物包括重量比为20%的毛竹细粉，55%碳酸钙混合而成。
所述的毛竹细粉，加入疏水改性剂搅拌，在常温下改性2小时即可。毛竹细粉与疏水改性剂的重量比为100:3。
所述的疏水改性剂为硅烷偶联剂，其型号为：DL-171，由江苏晨光偶联剂有限公司生产。
实施例5：
所述的一种可降解农用膜，由下述重量份原料制成。
可降解毛竹细粉            15%
聚乙烯                    15%
填充物                      60%
疏水改性剂                    3%
润滑剂                        2%
交联剂                        2%
抗氧剂                        1%
分散剂                        2%
将上述各种原料，经现有技术共混、挤出、吹塑后，就可以制成可降解的农用膜。
实施例6：
所述的一种可降解农用膜，由下述重量份的原料制成。
可降解毛竹细粉                    12%
聚乙烯                             13%
填充物                             65%
疏水改性剂                         3%
润滑剂                              1%
交联剂                              2%
抗氧剂                              2%
分散剂                              2%
将上述各种原料，经现有技术共混、挤出、吹塑后，就可以制成可降解的农用膜。
实施例7：
所述的一种可降解农用膜，由下述重量份浓度的原料制成。
可降解毛竹细粉                    10%
聚乙烯                             10%
填充物                             70%
疏水改性剂                          2%
润滑剂                              2%
交联剂                             1%
抗氧剂                              2%
分散剂                              3%
将上述各种原料，经现有技术共混、挤出、吹塑后，就可以制成可降解的农用膜。

Claims (7)

1.一种可降解农用膜，其特征在于由下述重量份的原料制成：15份可降解毛竹细粉、30份聚乙烯、45份粒径为1-2μm的细填充物、3份疏水改性剂、2份润滑剂、2份交联剂、2份抗氧剂和1份分散剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种可降解农用膜，其特征是：所述的可降解毛竹细粉是由毛竹经过粉碎后经研磨机研磨直至成为超细粉后，再加入疏水改性剂在常温下搅拌2小时后制成，所述超细粉与所述疏水改性剂的重量比为100:3；所述的聚乙烯包括重量百分浓度为20%的高密度聚乙烯及80%的线型低密度聚乙烯；所述粒径为1-2μm的细填充物包括重量百分浓度为45%的碳酸钙和重量百分浓度为15%的可降解的毛竹细粉。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种可降解农用膜，其特征是：所述的润滑剂为硬脂酸锌。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种可降解农用膜，其特征是：所述的分散剂为CH-1型超分散剂。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种可降解农用膜，其特征是：所述的疏水改性剂为型号为DL-171的硅烷偶联剂。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种可降解农用膜，其特征是：所述的交联剂为酸酐类。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种可降解农用膜，其特征是：所述的抗氧剂为有机硫化物类。
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