CN103547766B - 具有易钻卡瓦部件的桥塞及其去除方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种用于桥塞的卡瓦部件，包括内主体部分和硬化的弹性径向外接触部分，其中，内主体部分基本上由可溶解的材料制成，该可溶解材料响应于溶剂而可基本溶解。外接触部分包括多个起到管子应力集中凹槽作用的开口。内主体部分由镁粉末制成。
Description
技术领域
本发明总体上涉及桥塞卡瓦结构。
背景技术
桥塞用于在液流孔中形成封堵装置。通常，桥塞具有带卡瓦部件的塞体。卡瓦部件可选择性地径向朝外移动以咬合周围的管件。美国专利No.6,167,963号(其被授予专利权给McMahan等)中公开了一种类型的桥塞。该美国专利的专利权人为本申请的申请人，该美国专利引入文中作为参考。
通常，桥塞在被固定之后需要被去除掉，通常在桥塞中进行磨铣操作来实现这种去除。不幸的是，在大部分传统的桥塞结构中进行磨铣会留下大碎片，这些大碎片难以从液流孔中被循环带出。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种用于桥塞的结构，其中，桥塞的卡瓦部件包括内主体部分和硬化的弹性径向外接触部分，该内主体部分基本上由可降解材料制成，该材料响应于溶剂而可溶解。在所述的一些实施例中，外接触部分基本上由硬质材料(如，铸铁)制成，该外接触部分被成型为可咬合周围的管件。在所述的一些实施例中，外接触部分从卡瓦部件的上端向卡瓦部件的下端伸展。另外，在所述的一些实施例中，外接触部分包括多个开口，它们起到管子应力集中凹槽的作用。
在所述的一些实施例中，内主体部分基本上由可响应于溶剂而溶解的材料制成。在一个当前的实施例中，形成内主体部分的可溶解材料包括镁粉。当可溶解材料是镁粉时，溶剂可以是氯化钾(KCl)。
如上所述，卡瓦牙被浇注在周围的模制件中以形成滑环，滑环然 后被设置到桥塞的固定锥上。在所述的一些实施例中，模制件是酚醛树脂材料，其为卡瓦部件提供薄片覆盖件，保护可溶解材料以免过早溶解。
操作中，桥塞被设置到液流孔中，然后被固定。当需要从液流孔中去除掉桥塞时，使用铣削工具。在通过铣削方式去除掉桥塞的过程中，铣削工具使滑环模制件破裂，从而使形成所述内主体部分的可溶解材料暴露在含有溶剂的井筒流体中。溶剂溶解掉所述内主体部分，留下卡瓦部件的外接触部分。由于开口贯穿外接触部分布置，从而这种结构有助于通过铣削装置的操作将外接触部分碎裂成更小部件。外接触部分或其一些部分、以及桥塞的其他部件可通过回流流体从井筒中被循环出去。
附图说明
下面将结合附图详细描述优选实施例，为了透彻理解本发明，请参照下面的详细描述内容。附图中的类似标记表示图中的相似或类似元件，附图如下：
图1是根据本发明构造的示例性桥塞装置的等轴测试图；
图2是与图1所示的桥塞装置结合使用的示例性卡瓦部件的等轴测试图；
图3是图2所示的卡瓦部件的示例性外接触部分的等轴测试图；
图4是图2所示的卡瓦部件的示例性内主体部分的等轴测试图；
图5是根据本发明的卡瓦部件的示例性外接触部分的替换实施例的等轴测试图；
图6是示例性滑环的等轴测试图，该滑环组合有根据本发明构造的卡瓦部件；
图7是四分之一侧部截面图，示出了根据本发明构造的示例性桥塞固定在周围管件内的状态；
图8是四分之一侧部截面图，示出了根据本发明的示例性桥塞从周围管件中被磨铣掉的状态。
具体实施方式
图1示出了根据本发明构造的示例性桥塞装置10。请注意，文中使用的术语“桥塞”广泛地表示一类可使用径向移动的卡瓦部件以被机械地固定在液流孔中的装置，包括闭锁装置、堵塞装置和锚固装置。桥塞装置10包括大体上为圆柱形的固定锥12。固定锥12的径向外表面14包括多个成一定角度的斜面16，它们被导向部18分隔开。根据本发明构造的卡瓦部件20位于每个斜面16上。
在优选实施例中，卡瓦部件20被浇注在周围的模制件21中，如图6最清楚所示。在一些具体实施例中，模制件21由酚醛树脂制成，其被浇注成带有外壳23的圆环结构。每个外壳23包围一个卡瓦部件20。模制件21形成滑环，如图1所示，滑环设置在固定锥12上以形成桥塞10。
卡瓦部件20可在固定锥12的斜面16上在缩回的非固定位置(如图1所示)和固定位置之间移动，即，卡瓦部件20在斜面16上以现有公知的方式相对于固定锥12径向朝外移动。在固定位置上，桥塞10的卡瓦部件20接合周围的管件。
参照图2和3可更清楚理解卡瓦部件20的结构。如图2所示，卡瓦部件20具有卡瓦体，卡瓦体包括径向内主体部分22和外接触部分24。内主体部分22由响应于溶剂而可基本溶解的材料制成。在本实施例中，内主体部分22由镁基复合粉末压块制成。图4示出了与其他元件脱离开的内主体部分22。内主体部分22基本上为楔形。内主体部分22在高温高压下被压实制成。之后，通过公知的机械过程对该部分进行整形。
在可溶解材料是镁基复合粉末压块的情况下，溶剂可包括通常用于油井或气井中的各种盐溶液或酸性物质。盐溶液包括氯化钾(KCl)、氯化钠(NaCl)和氯化钙/溴化钙(Ca2Cl/CaBr2)，但不局限于此。酸性物质包括氯化氢、乙酸和甲酸，但不局限于此。在一些具体实施例中，溶剂为包含大约2%至大约5%的氯化钾(KCl)的溶液。在特别优选的 具体实施例中，溶剂是包含大约3%的氯化钾(KCl)的溶液。
另外，在本发明的实施例中，内主体部分22完全被形成模制件21的酚醛树脂材料覆盖。如图1所示，外接触部分24的接触面26可在外壳23的外侧径向伸展。该酚醛树脂材料起到分隔层的作用，用于使形成内主体部分22的可溶解材料与周围流体分离，周围流体中可能含有能溶解所述内主体部分22的多种制剂中的一种制剂。
图3示出了与内主体部分22脱离开的外接触部分24。该外接触部分的接触面26优选包括成阶梯状的搭接部28，所述搭接部形成在所述接触面上以与周围管件咬合。
另外，优选贯穿外接触部分24形成开口30。开口30会使外接触部分24的结构上形成薄弱点。从而，所述开口起到管子应力集中凹槽的作用，有助于外接触部分24在通过钻孔操作去除掉桥塞10的过程中碎裂。图5示出了外接触部分的替换实施例，该外接触部分24'的结构类似于外接触部分24。但是，开口30'为细长狭槽的结构形式。
外接触部分24(或24')优选从卡瓦部件20的上端32向下端34伸展。外接触部分24(或24')优选通过使用合适的粘结剂粘附到内主体部分22上。
操作中，桥塞装置10被置入液流孔中，然后以本领域公知的方式从非固定位置移动到固定位置上。卡瓦部件20的外接触部分24(或24')以接合方式接触周围的管件。
如果需要将桥塞装置10从液流孔中去除掉，本领域公知类型的钻孔或铣削装置接触桥塞10，然后通过研磨作用破坏桥塞。图7示出了桥塞装置10已经固定在周围管件36中以使卡瓦部件20(示出一个卡瓦部件)的搭接部28以接合接触的方式被固定到管件36的内表面38中。铣削工具40被设置在管件36内，在液流孔44中在箭头42的方向上移动以与桥塞装置10的上端46接触。如图8所示，铣削工具40然后接合桥塞装置10的上端46，开始铣削掉该上端。之后，磨损掉固定锥12。当铣削工具40接触卡瓦部件20时，形成滑环模制件21的酚醛树脂材料被铣削，如图所示，从而将内主体部分22暴露到液流 孔44内的流体中。溶剂存在于液流孔44内的流体中，起到将内主体部分22溶解在井筒流体中的作用。请注意，溶液中的氯化钾通常存在于传统钻井液中。另外，铣削工具40将铣削掉外接触部分24，由于开口30贯穿外接触部分24的布置结构，因此，会使外接触部分24断裂成更小部件。卡瓦部件20的卡瓦牙式结构将会使桥塞装置10迅速地从液流孔44中被去除掉。另外，桥塞装置10的一些部件可更容易地从液流孔44中循环出来。
本领域的普通技术人员将能意识到，文中所述的示例性结构和实施例可以进行许多改进和改变，本发明仅由下面的权利要求书及其等同形式界定。
Claims (17)
1.一种用于桥塞装置的卡瓦部件，其包括：
内主体部分，其基本上由可溶解材料制成，该可溶解材料响应于溶剂可基本溶解；以及
外接触部分，该外接触部分接触所述内主体部分并由合适材料制成，该合适材料可使外接触部分以接合方式接触桥塞装置周围的管件，所述合适材料能够不被所述溶剂溶解；
贯穿所述外接触部分而形成的多个开口，所述多个开口贯穿所述外接触部分以产生薄弱点，从而有助于所述外接触部分在通过钻孔操作去除掉桥塞装置的过程中碎裂。
2.根据权利要求1的卡瓦部件，其中，所述可溶解材料包括镁基复合材料。
3.根据权利要求1的卡瓦部件，其中，所述溶剂选自基本上由氯化钾、氯化钠、氯化钙、溴化钙、氯化氢、乙酸和甲酸所构成的组。
4.根据权利要求1的卡瓦部件，所述卡瓦部件还包括薄片材料以预防所述内主体部分过早溶解。
5.根据权利要求1的卡瓦部件，其中，所述内主体部分和所述外接触部分通过粘结剂相互粘结。
6.根据权利要求1的卡瓦部件，其中，所述开口的形状为圆形。
7.根据权利要求1的卡瓦部件，其中，所述开口为细长狭槽。
8.根据权利要求1的卡瓦部件，其中，所述内主体部分具有第一轴向端、和与第一轴向端相对的第二轴向端，其中，所述外接触部分从所述第一轴向端朝所述第二轴向端伸展。
9.一种桥塞，其用于形成液流孔内的封堵装置，该桥塞包括：
固定锥；
卡瓦部件，其可选择性地能够相对于所述固定锥在非固定位置和固定位置之间径向移动，该卡瓦部件包括：
内主体部分，该内主体部分基本上由可溶解材料制成，该可溶解材料响应于溶剂而可基本溶解；以及
外接触部分，该外接触部分接触所述内主体部分并由合适材料制成，该合适材料可使所述外接触部分以接合方式接触桥塞周围的管件，所述合适材料能够不被所述溶剂溶解；
贯穿所述外接触部分而形成的多个开口，所述多个开口贯穿所述外接触部分以产生薄弱点，从而有助于所述外接触部分在通过钻孔操作去除掉桥塞的过程中碎裂。
10.根据权利要求9的桥塞，其中，所述可溶解材料包括镁基复合材料。
11.根据权利要求9的桥塞，所述桥塞还包括薄片材料以预防所述内主体部分过早溶解。
12.根据权利要求9的桥塞，其中，所述溶剂选自基本上由氯化钾、氯化钠、氯化钙、溴化钙、氯化氢、乙酸和甲酸所构成的组。
13.根据权利要求9的桥塞，其中，所述内主体部分和所述外接触部分通过粘结剂相互粘结。
14.根据权利要求9的桥塞，其中，所述内主体部分具有第一轴向端、和与所述第一轴向端相对的第二轴向端，其中，所述外接触部分从所述第一轴向端朝所述第二轴向端伸展。
15.根据权利要求9的桥塞，其中，所述开口的形状为圆形。
16.根据权利要求9的桥塞，其中，所述开口为细长狭槽。
17.一种用于从液流孔中去除掉固定在液流孔中的桥塞的方法，包括以下步骤：
a)使所述桥塞的顶部分接合铣削工具，该桥塞具有：
固定锥；
卡瓦部件，其可选择性地能够相对于所述固定锥在非固定位置和固定位置之间径向移动，该卡瓦部件包括：
内主体部分，该内主体部分基本上由可溶解材料制成，该可溶解材料响应于溶剂而可基本溶解；
外接触部分，该外接触部分接触所述内主体部分并由合适材料制成，该合适材料可使所述外接触部分以接合方式接触所述桥塞周围的管件，所述合适材料能够不被所述溶剂溶解，所述外接触部分具有贯穿该外接触部分形成的多个开口，所述多个开口贯穿所述外接触部分以产生薄弱点；
环绕所述内主体部分的模制件；
b)铣削掉一部分模制件以使所述内主体部分至少局部暴露在液流孔中；以及
c)使溶剂流入液流孔中以溶解所述内主体部分；
d)用铣削工具使所述外接触部分破裂成更小部件。
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|---|---|---|---|
| US13/111,181 US8695714B2 (en) | 2011-05-19 | 2011-05-19 | Easy drill slip with degradable materials |
| US13/111,181 | 2011-05-19 | ||
| PCT/US2012/030839 WO2012158261A1 (en) | 2011-05-19 | 2012-03-28 | Easy drill slip with degradable materials |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN103547766A CN103547766A (zh) | 2014-01-29 |
| CN103547766B true CN103547766B (zh) | 2016-08-17 |
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| CN201280024179.3A Active CN103547766B (zh) | 2011-05-19 | 2012-03-28 | 具有易钻卡瓦部件的桥塞及其去除方法 |
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| Country | Link |
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| US (1) | US8695714B2 (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN103547766B (zh) |
| AR (1) | AR086440A1 (zh) |
| AU (2) | AU2012256344B2 (zh) |
| CA (1) | CA2834715C (zh) |
| WO (1) | WO2012158261A1 (zh) |
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| AU2016228177B2 (en) | 2017-03-30 |
| AR086440A1 (es) | 2013-12-11 |
| CN103547766A (zh) | 2014-01-29 |
| CA2834715C (en) | 2015-12-15 |
| WO2012158261A1 (en) | 2012-11-22 |
| US20120292053A1 (en) | 2012-11-22 |
| AU2016228177A1 (en) | 2016-09-29 |
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