CN103545058B - A kind of method improving insulating material vacuum edge flashing voltage - Google Patents
A kind of method improving insulating material vacuum edge flashing voltage Download PDFInfo
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- CN103545058B CN103545058B CN201310337354.0A CN201310337354A CN103545058B CN 103545058 B CN103545058 B CN 103545058B CN 201310337354 A CN201310337354 A CN 201310337354A CN 103545058 B CN103545058 B CN 103545058B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method improving insulating material vacuum edge flashing voltage, comprise: utilize the surface of absolute ethyl alcohol to insulating material to clean, and natural air drying, insulating material after air-dry is put into supersonic wave cleaning machine, utilizes deionized water to clean, the insulating material after cleaning is put into baking oven heating, drying, and naturally cool, whether what judge insulating material is less than a threshold value along face length degree, if be less than, at room temperature, getting resistivity is 10
8Ω ~ 10
9the liquid of Ω is as high resistivity material, and it is for subsequent use to be stirred, and is evenly applied on the insulating material by high resistivity material, and this insulating material is put at room temperature natural air drying.The selection that the present invention can solve the higher metal electrode material of the work function that exists in existing method is restricted, when creepage distance is less, the method of insulator sputtering metal membrane not easily realizes in technique, and the selection of insulating material is subject to processing and the technical problem of material property restriction.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to high voltage electrical field, more specifically, relate to a kind of method improving insulating material vacuum edge flashing voltage.
Background technology
Because pulse power system often adopts a large amount of insulating material to be used as support, insulation etc., the edge flashing of insulating material is made to become one of key factor of restriction power-supply system reliability service.Because under identical distance condition, insulation edge flashing voltage in vacuum environment is far below vacuum gap puncture voltage, critical breakdown strength as vacuum is about 350kV/cm, and the edge flashing of vacuum/alumina system will occur usually under the extra electric field of tens kV/cm.Creepage distance refers between electrodes for fixing and playing the distance on the insulating material of insulating effect; And vacuum creepage distance refers under vacuum conditions, between electrodes for fixing and playing the distance on the insulating material of insulating effect.
For explaining that the theory of vacuum edge flashing mainly contains secondary snowslide (Secondaryelectron emission avalanche, be called for short SEEA) theoretical, it emphasizes that combining the collision of initiating electron to insulating surface of launching everywhere from negative electrode, vacuum and insulating material surface three causes secondary, secondary electron again collides insulating surface and causes electron avalanche, and then causes adsorption desorbing gas and ionize and cause flashover.
Theoretical according to SEEA, dielectric surface flashover occurs two necessary conditions: the generation of initiating electron and a large amount of desorbed gases.Method at present for the edge flashing voltage improving insulating material mainly comprises: (1) from the angle reducing initiating electron emission probability, by electrode chamfering, select the higher electrode material of work function, insulator sputtering metal membrane reduces gap between itself and electrode etc., and mode improves three binding site place field intensity; (2) in reduction gas production, the less insulating material of gas production can be selected and its surface is processed; (3) simultaneously can by reducing secondary electron yield, reducing and improve its dielectric surface flashover voltage along modes such as surface resistivities for insulating material.
At present, most insulating material can adopt said method (1) and (2) to improve its edge flashing voltage.But these two kinds of methods are mainly subject to the restriction of following problem: (a) electrode material in large-scale circuit mainly adopts copper product, the ag material that work function is higher, because price is higher, limit its application; B when the method for () insulator sputtering metal membrane is less for creepage distance, the method is not easy to operate; C (), in selection insulating material, owing to being subject to the impact of the processing characteristics of insulating material, its selection is restricted.
For said method (3), at present mainly adopt high gradient insulation (High GradientInsultor is called for short HGI) and at insulating material surface evaporation metal oxide coating.HGI mainly alternately embeds certain thickness metal material in insulating material inside, but microscopic is carried out for the HGI after great many of experiments can find, metal tip is formed because metal level is thinner, field is caused to strengthen, there is a large amount of defect point in metal and insulating barrier intersection, metal tip generating gasification in flashover discharge process, and in surface of insulating layer deposition, reduce effective insulation distance; Simultaneously in the HGI course of processing, easily cause the defect of metal and insulator interface, higher to the requirement of processing technology.For the method at insulating material surface evaporation metal oxide, although can improve edge flashing voltage to a certain extent, its process is more complicated, should first at insulating material surface evaporation metal, then under certain conditions, by burning, finally coating of metal oxides is obtained.The technological requirement of the method to processing is higher, not easily realizes.
Summary of the invention
For above defect or the Improvement requirement of prior art, the invention provides a kind of method improving insulating material vacuum edge flashing voltage, the selection that its object is to solve the higher metal electrode material of the work function that exists in existing method is restricted, when creepage distance is less, the method of insulator sputtering metal membrane not easily realizes in technique, and the selection of insulating material is subject to processing and the technical problem of material property restriction.
For achieving the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, provide a kind of method improving insulating material vacuum edge flashing voltage, comprise the following steps:
(1) surface of absolute ethyl alcohol to insulating material is utilized to clean, and natural air drying;
(2) insulating material after air-dry is put into supersonic wave cleaning machine, utilize deionized water to clean;
(3) insulating material after cleaning is put into baking oven heating, drying, and naturally cool;
(4) whether what judge insulating material is less than a threshold value along face length degree, if be less than, enters step (5), otherwise enters step (7);
(5) at room temperature, getting resistivity is 10
8Ω ~ 10
9the liquid of Ω is as high resistivity material, and it is for subsequent use to be stirred;
(6) high resistivity material is evenly applied on the insulating material, and this insulating material is put at room temperature natural air drying;
(7) at room temperature, getting resistivity is 10
-2Ω ~ 10
-3the liquid of Ω is as low resistivity material, and it is for subsequent use to be stirred;
(8) low resistivity material is applied on the insulating material by the mode of silk screen printing, insulating material is evenly coated on screen printing forme, under the pressure of scraper plate, low-resistivity insulating material is added on the insulating material by the areas of screen printing forme, and this insulating material is put at room temperature natural air drying.
Preferably, the span of threshold value is 4 to 6 millimeters.
Preferably, the consumption of high resistivity material and the ratio of insulating material area are 0.02 to 0.05 milliliter/square millimeter.
Preferably, the consumption of low resistivity material and the ratio of insulating material area are 0.02 to 0.05 milliliter/square millimeter.
Preferably, for the screen printing forme that silk screen printing adopts, on screen printing forme, the silk screen hole width of areas is for being not more than 0.5 millimeter, and the silk screen hole of non-graphic part is plugged, and its width is more than 1 millimeter.
In general, the above technical scheme conceived by the present invention compared with prior art, can obtain following beneficial effect:
(1) for method of the present invention, when vacuum creepage distance is less than a threshold value, high resistivity material can be adopted to be added on along on face as coating, to reduce the charging process of insulator surface by reducing insulator surface resistivity, and the electric field strength of homogenizing insulator surface; When creepage distance is greater than a threshold value, insulator surface adds low resistivity material, not only can reduce surface charging effect, and long surface insulation can be divided into several short surface insulations by low resistivity material, weaken the distant effect caused by long creeping discharge, improve the edge flashing voltage of insulating material further.
(2) the inventive method for different creepage distances, can adopt different Improving Measurements, avoids the restriction of same method under different creepage distance;
(3) method of the present invention is easy to realize processing.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic cross-section being added with high resistivity material insulating material.
Fig. 2 is added with low resistivity material insulating material schematic surface.
Fig. 3 is screen printing forme schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is insulating material vacuum edge flashing development schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 is the edge flashing voltage-contrast with or without high resistivity material and insulating material.
Fig. 6 is the flow chart that the present invention improves the method for insulating material vacuum edge flashing voltage.
Embodiment
In order to make object of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearly understand, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein only in order to explain the present invention, be not intended to limit the present invention.In addition, if below in described each execution mode of the present invention involved technical characteristic do not form conflict each other and just can mutually combine.
Integral Thought of the present invention is, adopts high resistivity material and the surface of low resistivity material to insulating material to process, thus improves insulating material surface characteristic.
As shown in Figure 1, the method that the present invention improves insulating material vacuum edge flashing voltage comprises the following steps:
(1) surface of absolute ethyl alcohol to insulating material 1 is utilized to clean, and natural air drying;
(2) insulating material after air-dry is put into supersonic wave cleaning machine, utilize deionized water to carry out cleaning 5 to 10 minutes;
(3) insulating material after cleaning is put into baking oven heating, drying, and naturally cool; The temperature of heating, drying is 60 to 80 degree;
(4) whether what judge insulating material is less than a threshold value along face length degree, if be less than, enter step (5), otherwise enter step (7), the span of this threshold value is 4 to 6 millimeters, and preferably, its value is 4 millimeters;
(5) at room temperature, getting resistivity is 10
8Ω ~ 10
9the liquid of Ω is as high resistivity material 2, and it is for subsequent use to be stirred; In the present embodiment, high resistivity material is nano level polymer, and the ratio of its consumption and insulating material area is 0.02 to 0.05 milliliter/square millimeter, and preferably, its value is 0.04 milliliter/square millimeter;
(6) high resistivity material is evenly applied on the insulating material (as shown in Figure 1), and this insulating material is put at room temperature natural air drying; High resistivity material material 2 mainly plays the surface resistivity reducing insulating material on insulating material 1 surface, enable because of initiating electron collision insulating material surface, the electric charge of insulating material surface charging effectively to be released, thus the electric field on homogenizing insulating material surface, weaken the effective collision of initiating electron, thus improve the vacuum edge flashing voltage of insulating material;
(7) at room temperature, getting resistivity is 10
-2Ω ~ 10
-3the liquid of Ω is as low resistivity material 3, and it is for subsequent use to be stirred; In the present embodiment, low resistivity material is nano level polymer, and the ratio of its consumption and insulating material area is 0.02 to 0.05 milliliter/square millimeter, and preferably, its value is 0.04 milliliter/square millimeter;
(8) low resistivity material 3 is coated in (as shown in Figure 2) on insulating material 1 by the mode of silk screen printing, and this insulating material 1 is put at room temperature natural air drying; For the screen printing forme (as shown in Figure 3) that silk screen printing adopts, on screen printing forme, the silk screen hole width dt of areas 4 is for being not more than 0.5 millimeter, but not the silk screen hole of areas 5 is plugged, its width d
fit is more than 1 millimeter, the resistivity of the intervallum formed by low resistivity material and silk screen hole areas 4 is lower, it can reduce the coverage of surface insulation to a certain extent, but it is inner at intervallum, the surface charging of its insulating material of can effectively releasing, and long distance can be divided into several short distances along the series connection in face by intervallum along face, can effectively suppress long distance along the phenomenon of face voltage saturation like this.
Method of the present invention can improve the vacuum edge flashing of insulating material, and its principle can be theoretical according to SEEA, the schematic diagram of vacuum edge flashing process, as shown in Figure 4.Due to the existence of defect, when the electric field strength of three junctions exceedes certain value, three binding site places will launch initiating electron in the mode of field emission.These initiating electrons will clash into insulator along face, the shock of higher-energy electronics will excite the generation of secondary electron.These secondary electrons also will can clash into insulator surface equally, so go on, and the surface of insulator will produce the desorption of electron avalanche and insulator surface gas.The gas of desorption can accelerate ionization by collision, accelerates the multiplicative process of electronics and ion.Because these ionic transfers are comparatively slow, cause the formation of space charge, space charge can distort the electric field strength of local.And then, accelerate ionization by collision, and finally cause the generation of edge flashing.
Because the translational speed of electronics will far above the translational speed of cation, when insulator is after surface launching secondary electron, its surface will exist having part of cation.This process also becomes surface charging.Along with the transmitting of secondary electron, cation will accumulate on surface, and causes the electric field distortion of local.Have result of study to show, surface charging has important effect promotion edge flashing.
Because the surface insulation resistance rate of insulating material is higher by (10
13more than Ω), be unfavorable for the dissipation of cation, and be conducive to surface charging process.In order to improve the edge flashing voltage of insulating material, the method of adding coating on insulating material surface is proposed for this reason: when being less than a threshold value when vacuum creepage distance herein, high resistivity material can be adopted to be added on along on face as coating, the charging process of insulator surface is reduced by reducing insulator surface resistivity, and the electric field strength of homogenizing insulator surface; When creepage distance is greater than a threshold value, insulator surface adds low resistivity material, not only can reduce surface charging effect, and long surface insulation can be divided into several short surface insulations by low resistivity material, weaken the distant effect caused by long creeping discharge, improve the edge flashing voltage of insulating material further.
In order to verify validity of the present invention, below choosing nylon66 fiber and testing as insulating material.Example 1
First the surface of absolute ethyl alcohol to nylon66 fiber (this material be 1 millimeter along face length degree) is utilized to clean, and natural air drying, the nylon66 fiber after air-dry is put into supersonic wave cleaning machine, utilizes deionized water to carry out cleaning 10 minutes; Subsequently, the nylon66 fiber after cleaning is put into baking oven and dries with the heating temperatures of 60 degree, and naturally cool; Thereafter, at room temperature, getting 20 milliliters of resistivity is 10
8Ω ~ 10
9the liquid of Ω is as high resistivity material, and it is for subsequent use to be stirred, and is finally evenly coated on nylon66 fiber by high resistivity material, and this nylon66 fiber is put at room temperature natural air drying.
During test, just add high resistivity material and vacuum environment (10 put into respectively by two kinds of nylon66 fiber samples not adding high resistivity material
-2-10
-4pa), under, edge flashing voltage tester is carried out.When carrying out edge flashing voltage tester, two electrodes are placed on insulating material along on face and high resistivity material, and keep the distance between two electrodes to be 1mm.
When carrying out edge flashing in a vacuum, the surface of nylon66 fiber there will be ageing phenomenon, and (just refer to the flashover several times that vacuum is initial along face, its edge flashing voltage is lower, and along with the increase of edge flashing number of times, its edge flashing voltage can slowly rise, and finally reaches stable state).Magnitude of voltage when the edge flashing voltage of so-called nylon66 fiber refers to that edge flashing voltage reaches stable state herein.Along face, about 20 edge flashings test is carried out respectively to two kinds of differences, the mean value adding the edge flashing voltage on the nylon66 fiber surface of high resistivity material is 12.4kV, and the mean value not adding the edge flashing voltage on the nylon66 fiber surface of high resistivity material is 8.7kV, different each the flashover voltage along face as shown in Figure 5.
In order to verify the edge flashing voltage of the nylon66 fiber of high resistivity material be not the edge flashing voltage of adding layers itself higher caused by.Choose the higher nylon66 fiber of edge flashing voltage (polymethyl methacrylate) to verify, respectively edge flashing voltage tester is carried out to the polymethyl methacrylate sample adding and do not add high resistivity material, result shows, under 1mm creepage distance, no matter whether add high resistivity material, the edge flashing voltage of polymethyl methacrylate is all higher than 17kV.This illustrates that the raising being added with the nylon66 fiber edge flashing voltage of high resistivity material is not cause because the edge flashing voltage of coating itself is higher, but due to high resistivity semiconductor coating can effectively discharge cause due to the transmitting of secondary electron along face charging and produce positive charge, thus reduction electric field distortion, improve edge flashing voltage.This shows, nylon66 fiber its edge flashing voltage before and after interpolation high resistivity material improves 42.5%.
Example 2
First the surface of absolute ethyl alcohol to nylon66 fiber (being greater than 1 millimeter along face length degree of this material) is utilized to clean, and natural air drying, the nylon66 fiber after air-dry is put into supersonic wave cleaning machine, utilizes deionized water to carry out cleaning 10 minutes; Subsequently, the nylon66 fiber after cleaning is put into baking oven and dries with the heating temperatures of 60 degree, and naturally cool; Thereafter, at room temperature, getting 20 milliliters of resistivity is 10
-2Ω ~ 10
-3the liquid of Ω is as low resistivity material, and it is for subsequent use to be stirred, and finally the mode of low resistivity material by silk screen printing is coated on nylon66 fiber, and this nylon66 fiber is put at room temperature natural air drying.
During test, will low resistivity material be added and vacuum environment (10 put into respectively by two kinds of samples not adding low resistivity material
-2-10
-4pa), under, edge flashing voltage tester is carried out.When carrying out edge flashing voltage tester, two electrodes are placed on insulating material along on face and low resistivity material, because the resistivity of low resistivity material is less, it can reduce effective creepage distance, so when carrying out the test of edge flashing voltage, creepage distance is made to be respectively 2mm, 3mm and 4mm, low resistivity material is put between two electrodes when testing simultaneously as far as possible, so that when effective creepage distance is minimum, checking low resistivity material is to the effect improving edge flashing voltage.Along the actual range d in face
aduring for test, the actual range between two electrodes; Along the coverage d in face
eduring for test, the difference of the width sum of the actual range between two electrodes and the intervallum between two electrodes, it can be described as:
d
e=d
a-n×d
t
In formula, d
afor the actual range along face, d
efor the coverage along face, d
tfor silk screen hole width, n is the number of intervallum between two electrodes.
The sample adding and do not add low resistivity material is tested respectively under different creepage distances, under different creepage distance, carry out about 10 edge flashings test respectively to two kinds of different samples, the average edge flashing voltage of different creepage distance is as shown in table 1.
Table 1 is with or without low resistivity material sample edge flashing voltage-contrast
Wherein, d
a– is along the actual range in face; d
e– is along the coverage in face; U
sF– edge flashing voltage; △ U
sFthe increase percentage of – edge flashing voltage.
As can be seen from Table 1, low resistivity material has obvious impact to nylon66 fiber edge flashing voltage:
(1) d
a=3mm and d
e=2mm
As can be seen from Table 1, as the actual range (d along face
a) be 3mm, after adding low resistivity material, its coverage reduces to 2mm.In this case, low resistivity material can reduce the coverage along face significantly.Now it is compared with the edge flashing voltage not adding low resistivity material sample, decreases 15.85%; And with identical coverage (d
e=2mm) the edge flashing voltage of sample compares, and which raises 0.58%;
(2) d
a=4mm and d
e=3mm
As can be seen from Table 1, as the actual range (d along face
a) be 4mm, after adding low resistivity material, its coverage reduces to 3mm.In this case, low resistivity material also can reduce the coverage along face significantly.Now it is compared with the edge flashing voltage not adding low resistivity material sample, adds 7.74%; And with identical coverage (d
e=3mm) the edge flashing voltage of sample compares, and which raises 35.77%.
This shows, low resistivity material can improve the edge flashing voltage of insulating material in certain scope, and along with the increase of creepage distance, the percentage that its edge flashing voltage increases increases gradually.
As can be seen from the structure of low resistivity material, the width of each intervallum is 0.5mm, because the coating in this width range can effectively reduce the surface resistivity of insulating material, the positive surface charge that insulating material was accumulated before edge flashing occurs can dissipate timely, effectively improves the edge flashing voltage of insulating material.
Those skilled in the art will readily understand; the foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention; not in order to limit the present invention, all any amendments done within the spirit and principles in the present invention, equivalent replacement and improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. improve a method for insulating material vacuum edge flashing voltage, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) surface of absolute ethyl alcohol to nylon material is utilized to clean, and natural air drying;
(2) nylon material after air-dry is put into supersonic wave cleaning machine, utilize deionized water to clean;
(3) nylon material after cleaning is put into baking oven heating, drying, and naturally cool;
(4) whether what judge nylon material is less than a threshold value along face length degree, if be less than, enters step (5), otherwise enters step (7);
(5) at room temperature, getting resistivity is 10
8Ω m ~ 10
9the liquid of Ω m is as high resistivity material, and it is for subsequent use to be stirred;
(6) high resistivity material is evenly coated on nylon material, and this nylon material is put at room temperature natural air drying;
(7) at room temperature, getting resistivity is 10
-2Ω m ~ 10
-3the liquid of Ω m is as low resistivity material, and it is for subsequent use to be stirred;
(8) mode of low resistivity material by silk screen printing is coated on nylon material, and this nylon material is put at room temperature natural air drying.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the span of threshold value is 4 to 6 millimeters.
3. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the consumption of high resistivity material and the ratio of nylon material area are 0.02 to 0.05 milliliter/square millimeter.
4. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the consumption of low resistivity material and the ratio of nylon material area are 0.02 to 0.05 milliliter/square millimeter.
5. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, for the screen printing forme that silk screen printing adopts, on screen printing forme, the silk screen hole width of areas is for being not more than 0.5 millimeter, the silk screen hole of non-graphic part is plugged, and its width is more than 1 millimeter.
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| CN105405545B (en) * | 2015-12-01 | 2017-04-26 | 西安交通大学 | Insulator and method for improving surface electric strength of insulator |
| CN105785235B (en) * | 2016-02-29 | 2020-02-18 | 华南理工大学 | Test method for evaluating alternating current flashover voltage characteristic of insulator |
| CN106409450B (en) * | 2016-09-26 | 2017-12-22 | 平高集团有限公司 | A kind of method for improving insulating dielectric materials vacuum edge flashing voltage and modified insulating dielectric materials |
| CN107552361A (en) * | 2017-08-07 | 2018-01-09 | 中国电力科学研究院 | Gas-insulated transmission line tank body and the method for suppressing its interior particle movement |
| CN110395996B (en) * | 2019-08-07 | 2020-10-20 | 清华大学深圳国际研究生院 | Preparation method for improving electric field auxiliary sintering capacity |
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| CN101458982A (en) * | 2009-01-07 | 2009-06-17 | 西安交通大学 | Method for enhancing vacuum surface flashover voltage of semi-crystal polymer insulation medium |
| JP2010220300A (en) * | 2009-03-13 | 2010-09-30 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Molding insulator for electrical insulation |
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| CN1604237A (en) * | 2004-10-22 | 2005-04-06 | 西安交通大学 | vacuum insulator coating capable of increasing flashover voltage and method of preparation thereof |
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