CN103543467B - Weak earthquake signal strengthens disposal route - Google Patents
Weak earthquake signal strengthens disposal route Download PDFInfo
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- CN103543467B CN103543467B CN201210247077.XA CN201210247077A CN103543467B CN 103543467 B CN103543467 B CN 103543467B CN 201210247077 A CN201210247077 A CN 201210247077A CN 103543467 B CN103543467 B CN 103543467B
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of weak earthquake signal and strengthen disposal route, this weak earthquake signal strengthens disposal route and comprises: step a, sets up initial country rock reflect by seismic target earthquakes road
; Step b, according to this initial country rock reflection
calculate new country rock reflection
; Step c, judges that this new country rock reflects
whether stablize, when the reflection of this new country rock
when stablizing, export the reflection of this new country rock
as country rock signal; And steps d, from the geological data of seismic trace, deduct this country rock signal, obtain weak signal.This weak earthquake signal enhancing disposal route solves existing method and is difficult to identify and the problem explaining reservoir targets weak signal, blind separation can be carried out to the seismic signal detected, to the complex reflex signal of the superimposed interference of earthquake, according to the statistical property of input source signal, extract required characteristic signal or recover each independent component of source signal.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to geophysics, particularly relate to a kind of weak earthquake signal and strengthen disposal route.
Background technology
Reservoir Body main bugbears in exploration such as sand body, narrow river course, thin interbed, microfracture are RESERVOIR RECOGNITION and description, and the signal power in seismic data is mainly with under certain noise background, and the Seismic reflective waveform size of significant wave is weighed.Reservoir targets weak signal mainly refers to the seismic reflection signals of the Reservoir Bodies such as little sand body, narrow river course, thin interbed, microfracture, and these reflected signals are that outwardness is in seismic data.Due to the impact of the scale of reservoir targets geologic body own, geologic body and the factor such as country rock resistance difference and buried depth, these reflected signal energy comparisons are weak, are difficult to identify and explain.Mostly conventional wave impedance inversion and attributive analysis are to be characterized as foundation with amplitude energy, are difficult to effective detection to the weak variable signal of weak signal or space; It is difficult that weak signal pickup is explained, by the restriction of seismic resolution, usually follows the trail of strong reflection amplitude, be difficult to the border of accurately determining little geologic body when lithologic reservoir is explained.
And the recent development of modern signal processing technology, for the geologic body of exploring this several seismic reflection weak provides technological means, use for reference Medical Image Processing, military, the fields such as machinery are in recent years in objective body rim detection, the Nonlinear Dynamical Characteristics research of sophisticated signal, the Weak Signal Detection achievements such as blind signal analysis technology, develop a set of signal processing method being suitable for Subtle reservoir exploration, to improving in complicated (noise) background or the recognition capability of the little geologic body of seismic reflection difference, and the three-dimensional visualization engraving carried out on this basis this several class geologic body and tracking.The technical development theory, the state-of-art that improve elusive reservoir, reduction exploration risk etc. new for Exploration in Subtle Oil technology exploration has great importance by this, applied by technology simultaneously, to the new discovery of a collection of Exploration in Subtle Oil be brought, obtain significant economic benefit.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide and a kind ofly can carry out blind separation to the seismic signal detected, to the complex reflex signal of the superimposed interference of earthquake, according to the statistical property of input source signal, the weak earthquake signal extracted required characteristic signal or recover each independent component of source signal strengthens disposal route.
Object of the present invention realizes by following technical measures: weak earthquake signal strengthens disposal route, and this weak earthquake signal strengthens disposal route and comprises: step a, sets up initial country rock reflect by seismic target earthquakes road
; Step b, according to this initial country rock reflection
calculate new country rock reflection
; Step c, judges that this new country rock reflects
whether stablize, when the reflection of this new country rock
when stablizing, export the reflection of this new country rock
as country rock signal; And steps d, from the geological data of seismic trace, deduct this country rock signal, obtain weak signal.
Object of the present invention also realizes by following technical measures:
This weak earthquake signal strengthens disposal route and also comprises, and before step a, set up blind source signal aliasing model, the expression formula of this blind source signal aliasing model is:
i=1,2,…,m
In formula
represent the geological data of a certain seismic trace;
represent a kth country rock signal source;
representative
amplitude size;
represent time delay;
represent the weak signal in this seismic trace.
According to this blind source signal aliasing model, with middle seismic trace for goal in research, the mathematic(al) representation of weak earthquake signal separation problem is:
In formula:
for country rock signal to be asked,
for the number of adjacent seismic trace, get even number.
Step b comprises:
Calculate each seismic trace respectively and this initial country rock reflects
cross-correlation matrix
, predicted by each seismic trace according to cross-correlation calculation
operator;
Predictor is acted on seismic trace, obtains the country rock reflection that each seismic trace calculates
; And
By multiple
average, obtain this new country rock reflection
.
In step c, when the reflection of this new country rock
time unstable, this country rock is reflected
as new initial country rock reflection
, and return step b.
It is theoretical based on the blind separation of seismic signal that weak earthquake signal in the present invention strengthens disposal route, when unknown signaling source, seismic signal is decomposed into multiple isolated component exactly, and then reconstructs and strengthen the weak reflected signal of earthquake.It regards different geologic objectives as different signal source, and so lineups of seismic trace may be formed by multiple ripple bag aliasing.Especially when country rock and reservoir targets reflect there is difference on frequency, phase place and energy time, certain method can be found to carry out extraction and the analysis of reservoir targets weak signal.Weak earthquake signal strengthens disposal route can carry out blind separation to the seismic signal detected, to the complex reflex signal of the superimposed interference of earthquake, according to the statistical property of input source signal, extracts required characteristic signal or recovers each independent component of source signal.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of blind source signal separation mathematical model;
Fig. 2 is the process flow diagram that weak earthquake signal of the present invention strengthens the specific embodiment of disposal route;
Fig. 3 is model signals blind source separating schematic diagram;
Fig. 4 is the weak signal model schematic that little sand body is corresponding;
Fig. 5 is the weak signal seismic response schematic diagram that little sand body is corresponding;
Fig. 6 is the weak signal model schematic under strong reflection shielding;
Fig. 7 is the weak signal seismic response schematic diagram under strong reflection shielding;
Fig. 8 is the weak signal model schematic of thin interbed;
Fig. 9 is the weak signal seismic response schematic diagram of thin interbed.
Embodiment
For making above and other object of the present invention, feature and advantage can become apparent, cited below particularly go out preferred embodiment, and coordinate institute's accompanying drawings, be described in detail below.
It is theoretical according to blind source signal and PRINCIPLE OF SEISMIC PROSPECTING WITH that weak earthquake signal in the present invention strengthens disposal route, blind source separating theory is combined with geophysical model, and known seismologic record is made up of the country rock signal of not homology generation and weak signal.Wherein country rock signal has certain space distribution, although namely its time on each road, amplitude are in different size, have identical waveform, can represent with unified function.And weak signal distribution range is less, spatial variations is obvious.Then seismologic record can be write as following form:
i=1,2,…,m
In formula
represent the geological data of a certain seismic trace;
represent a kth country rock signal source;
representative
amplitude size;
represent time delay;
represent the weak signal in this seismic trace.
The blind separation of seismologic record is exactly, when unknown signaling source, seismic signal is decomposed into multiple isolated component, and then restructural goes out weak reflected signal.Ignore the capacity volume variance of country rock reflection sources on each seismic trace, then earthquake blind source signal aliasing model mathematic(al) representation can be expressed as:
i=1,2,…,m
By m seismic trace direct construction
, and directly do not ask for signal source
.Then from former seismic trace
in deduct
, obtain weak signal
.What utilize here is
the each seismic trace of m similarity and
non-similarity on each road, can ask for by design iteration algorithm.
Namely the blind source signal aliasing model according to Fig. 1, can be expressed as following mathematical problem by blind source separating problem:
Be provided with the individual adjacent seismic trace of m, its reflection can be write as:
With middle seismic trace for goal in research, the mathematic(al) representation of weak earthquake signal separation problem is:
In formula:
for country rock signal to be asked,
for the number of adjacent seismic trace, generally get even number.
Known conditions:
and
, ask its weak reflection
or country rock reflection
.
As shown in Figure 2, Fig. 2 is the process flow diagram that weak earthquake signal of the present invention strengthens disposal route.Its cardinal principle is the similarity according to country rock reflection in adjacent seismic trace, extracts the reflective information of country rock in seismic target earthquakes road.If the baseband signal of country rock reflection
known, then country rock reflection
projection theory can be utilized promptly to obtain.But country rock signal is unknown, thus need to utilize iterative manner from adjacent multiple seismic traces, extract country rock reflection
.Specific algorithm is described below:
A) initial value is set up by seismic target earthquakes road
; Because country rock reflection is very strong relative to reservoir targets reflection, thus use seismic target earthquakes road as initially
feasible.
B) according to initial
calculate new country rock reflection.According to the similarity of country rock reflection in adjacent seismic trace, the country rock that can be doped seismic target earthquakes road by adjacent seismic trace reflects.This can utilize the thought of optimization filtering, that is: calculate respectively each seismic trace with
cross-correlation matrix
, predicted by each seismic trace according to cross-correlation calculation
operator; Then predictor is acted on seismic trace, obtain the country rock reflection that each seismic trace calculates
.Due to initially
in containing non-country rock information, thus
middle period contains very weak non-country rock information, now by multiple
average, obtain one more initial
better country rock reflection
;
C) judge
whether stablize.If stable, export
, otherwise,
=
, return b);
Can in the hope of country rock signal by above-mentioned iteration
, from original signal, deduct country rock signal, required weak signal can be obtained.
As shown in Figure 3, Fig. 3 is model signals blind source separating schematic diagram, and as can be seen from Figure 3, figure a is 4 original signals, and by the method for Signal separator, ((figure c) in figure separation b) can well to realize aliasing signal.
Fig. 4 is the weak signal model schematic that little sand body is corresponding, and Fig. 5 is the seismic response schematic diagram of the weak signal that little sand body is corresponding, and as can be seen from Figure 4 and Figure 5, the seismic response of little sand body is very faint.
Fig. 6 is the weak signal model schematic under strong reflection shielding, and Fig. 7 is the weak signal seismic response schematic diagram under strong reflection shielding, as can be seen from Figures 6 and 7, due to the shielding action of very strong seismic signal, makes effective seismic signal very faint.
Fig. 8 is the weak signal model schematic of thin interbed, and Fig. 9 is the weak signal seismic response schematic diagram of thin interbed, and as can be seen from Fig. 8 and Fig. 9, due to seismic resolution, the seismic signal of thin interbed is difficult to identify.
Claims (1)
1. weak earthquake signal strengthens disposal route, it is characterized in that, this weak earthquake signal strengthens disposal route and comprises:
Step a, sets up blind source signal aliasing model:
i＝1，2，…，m
In formula, x (i, t) represents the geological data of a certain seismic trace; F
krepresent a kth country rock signal source; A
ikrepresent F
kamplitude size; t
ikrepresent time delay; s
it () represents the weak signal in this seismic trace; M represents earthquake number of channels, and n represents the length of seismic signal;
Step b, according to this blind source signal aliasing model, with middle seismic trace for goal in research, the mathematic(al) representation of weak earthquake signal separation problem is:
In formula: y
*t () is country rock signal to be asked, m
efor the number of adjacent seismic trace, get even number;
Step c, sets up initial country rock by seismic target earthquakes road and reflects y
0(t);
Steps d, according to this initial country rock reflection y
0t () calculates new country rock reflection y (t);
Step e, judge whether this new country rock reflection y (t) is stablized, when this new country rock reflection y (t) is stablized, export this new country rock reflection y (t) as country rock signal, when this new country rock reflection y (t) is unstable, using this new country rock reflection y (t) as new initial country rock reflection y
0(t), and return steps d; And
Step f, deducts this country rock signal, obtains weak signal from the geological data of seismic trace;
Described steps d comprises:
Calculate each seismic trace respectively and this initial country rock reflects y
0the cross-correlation matrix R of (t)
xy, predict y according to cross-correlation calculation by each seismic trace
*the predictor of (t);
Predictor is acted on seismic trace, obtains the country rock reflection y that each seismic trace calculates
i(t); And
By multiple y
it () is average, obtain this new country rock reflection y (t).
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| CN102866425A (en) * | 2012-09-17 | 2013-01-09 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Blind source seismic signal stable-superposition model based blind separation method |
| CN103901474A (en) * | 2014-04-18 | 2014-07-02 | 成都新核中创信息科技有限公司 | Microseism weak signal extracting method based on middle course wavelet threshold analysis |
| CN107797145B (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2019-07-05 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Eliminating coal measure strata influences to restore the method for underlying strata seismic reflection amplitude |
| CN113625338B (en) * | 2021-08-11 | 2023-07-11 | 成都理工大学 | Differential-based seismic weak signal extraction method |
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