CN113625338B - Differential-based seismic weak signal extraction method - Google Patents
Differential-based seismic weak signal extraction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113625338B CN113625338B CN202110917654.0A CN202110917654A CN113625338B CN 113625338 B CN113625338 B CN 113625338B CN 202110917654 A CN202110917654 A CN 202110917654A CN 113625338 B CN113625338 B CN 113625338B
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- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. analysis, for interpretation, for correction
- G01V1/288—Event detection in seismic signals, e.g. microseismics
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for extracting a weak earthquake signal, which comprises the following steps: obtaining a clear target layer seismic image according to a conventional seismic data imaging processing method; obtaining a seismic image containing weak response signals by using a weak denoising imaging processing method; and obtaining the difference of the seismic images obtained by the two processing methods to obtain a target layer weak response signal image. The method for extracting the weak signals of the earthquake solves the problem that the existing earthquake imaging method is difficult to consider the imaging quality and the weak signal retention. By analyzing the extracted weak signals of the target layer, the micro difference information of the fine structure and the medium attribute of the target layer can be obtained, and the depiction precision of the earthquake on the target layer, such as an oil-gas reservoir, is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of petroleum geophysical exploration, in particular to a method for extracting weak signals containing geologic medium microstructure and tiny attribute change information from seismic data based on a differential principle, and further obtains tiny difference information of the microstructure and medium attribute of a target layer through analysis of the extracted target layer weak signals so as to improve the depiction precision of an earthquake on the target layer, such as an oil-gas reservoir.
Background
Seismic exploration is one of the most commonly used oil and gas exploration methods at present, and seismic data is always in a vital position as a medium of underground geological conditions. In the process of acquiring seismic oil and gas exploration data, as oil and gas exploration development continues to go deep, the explored seismic targets are also more and more complex. Some unconventional geologic bodies are buried deeply and have small scale, and earthquake waves excited by a surface earthquake source propagate and scatter in a medium for a long time and attenuate earthquake reflection signals caused by inelastic effects of the medium, so that the energy of target layer reflection signals received by a surface detector is relatively weak, the ground is interfered by background noise during receiving, and the detection of weak signals is difficult.
Due to the influence of external conditions, construction factors, instruments and other factors, background noise is generated in various ways, the seismic signals received by the detectors contain various disturbances, only waves which can be used for solving the proposed seismic signals become effective waves, and all other waves which prevent the identification and tracking of the effective waves are called noise. These noise adversely affects later seismic data processing and interpretation and, correspondingly, the detection of deep seismic weak signals is greatly disturbed.
The weak signals in the seismic wave field record contain the information of the microstructure and the tiny attribute change of the geological medium, but most of the weak signals can be filtered out as noise in the denoising process of the conventional seismic data processing, and in order to research the tiny change of the attribute of the geological medium, such as the change of the rock pore fluid attribute and the saturation thereof, the weak signals in the seismic record must be extracted and analyzed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention aims to provide a differential-based seismic weak signal extraction method. Firstly, performing horizon calibration according to detected well information and seismic information to obtain corresponding pre-stack noisy seismic data; two sets of seismic data imaging processing methods are used for noise-containing seismic data in parallel, one set of seismic data imaging processing method is adopted to obtain clear geological structure images, the other set of seismic data imaging processing method is adopted to keep weak signals in the target interval reflection seismic signals to the maximum extent, and then differences of processing results of the two sets of methods are obtained to obtain the seismic response weak signal images of the target interval. The method for extracting the weak signals of the earthquake solves the problem that the existing earthquake imaging method is difficult to consider the imaging quality and the weak signal retention. Through analysis of the obtained target layer weak signals, fine structure and medium attribute micro difference information of the target layer can be obtained, and the depiction accuracy of the earthquake on the target layer, such as an oil and gas reservoir, is improved.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is a differential-based seismic weak signal extraction method, which comprises the following steps:
performing horizon calibration according to the detected well information and the earthquake information;
acquiring corresponding prestack noisy seismic data according to the calibrated target horizon;
based on the noisy seismic data, a set of conventional seismic data imaging processing method is adopted to obtain a clear geological structure image;
based on the noisy seismic data, a set of weak seismic signal imaging processing method is adopted at the same time, so that weak signals in the target interval reflection seismic signals are reserved to the maximum extent;
and obtaining the difference of the processing results of the two sets of methods based on the processing results of the two sets of parallel seismic data imaging processing methods, and obtaining the seismic response weak signal image of the target interval.
Although two sets of seismic data imaging processing methods are mainly used for processing pre-stack noisy seismic data in parallel, the difference of processing results of the two sets of methods, namely seismic response weak signals with better stratum detail characteristic characterization capability, is studied.
The invention relates to a differential-based seismic weak signal extraction method, which has the core problems that firstly, corresponding pre-stack noisy seismic data are obtained on the basis of accurately calibrating a target layer according to exploratory well information and seismic information; two sets of seismic data imaging processing methods are used for noise-containing seismic data in parallel, one set of seismic data imaging processing method is adopted to obtain clear geological structure images, the other set of seismic data imaging method is adopted to keep weak signals in target interval reflection seismic signals to the maximum extent, and then differences of the seismic images obtained by the two processing methods are obtained to obtain target interval weak response signal images. The method for extracting the weak signals of the earthquake solves the problem that the existing earthquake imaging method is difficult to consider the imaging quality and the weak signal retention.
The invention relates to a differential-based seismic weak signal extraction method, which has the following characteristics that:
(1) And (3) accurately calibrating the horizon according to the detected well information and the seismic information, and acquiring corresponding prestack noisy seismic data on the basis of accurate calibration of the target horizon.
(2) Two sets of seismic data imaging processing methods are used in parallel, one set of conventional seismic data imaging processing method is adopted to obtain a clear geological structure image, and the other set of weak denoising imaging processing method is adopted to furthest reserve weak signals in the target interval reflection seismic signals.
(3) Although two sets of seismic data imaging processing methods are used in parallel to process pre-stack noisy seismic data, the difference of processing results of the two sets of methods, namely the seismic response weak signal image with better capability of describing the detail characteristics of the stratum, is studied.
(4) The method for extracting the weak signals of the earthquake solves the problem that the existing earthquake imaging method is difficult to consider the imaging quality and the weak signal retention. Through analysis of the obtained target layer weak signals, fine structure and medium attribute micro difference information of the target layer can be obtained, and the depiction accuracy of the earthquake on the target layer, such as an oil and gas reservoir, is improved.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the weak signals in the seismic wave field record contain the information of the microstructure and the tiny attribute change of the geological medium, but most of the weak signals can be filtered out as noise in the denoising process of the conventional seismic data processing, and in order to research the tiny change of the attribute of the geological medium, such as the change of the rock pore fluid attribute and the saturation thereof, the weak signals in the seismic record must be extracted and analyzed. Firstly, a clear target layer seismic image is obtained according to a conventional seismic data imaging processing method; simultaneously, a weak signal denoising imaging processing method is used for obtaining a seismic image containing a weak response signal; and obtaining the difference of the seismic images obtained by the two processing methods to obtain a target layer weak response signal image. The method for extracting the weak signals of the earthquake solves the problem that the existing earthquake imaging method is difficult to consider the imaging quality and the weak signal retention. Through analysis of the obtained target layer weak signals, fine structure and medium attribute micro difference information of the target layer can be obtained, and the depiction accuracy of the earthquake on the target layer, such as an oil and gas reservoir, is improved.
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FIG. 1 is a technical roadmap of the method of the invention;
Detailed Description
The invention discloses a differential-based seismic weak signal extraction method, which comprises the steps of firstly, accurately calibrating a horizon by exploratory well information and seismic information in practical application, and acquiring corresponding pre-stack noisy seismic data on the basis of accurate calibration of a target horizon; two sets of seismic data imaging processing methods are used for pre-stack noisy seismic data in parallel, one set of seismic data imaging processing method is adopted to obtain clear geological structure images, the other set of seismic data imaging processing method is adopted to keep weak signals in target layer section reflection seismic signals to the maximum extent, and then differences of the seismic images obtained by the two processing methods are obtained to obtain target layer weak response signal images. The method for extracting the weak signals of the earthquake solves the problem that the existing earthquake imaging method is difficult to consider both imaging quality and weak signal retention, and can better extract the weak signals containing the geological medium microstructure and the tiny attribute change information from the earthquake data.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent.
Taking a certain research area as an example, the invention processes the noisy seismic data by using two parallel seismic data imaging processing methods of a conventional seismic data imaging processing method and a weak seismic signal denoising imaging processing method, then obtains the difference of the seismic images obtained by the two processing methods (the seismic image processed by the weak seismic signal denoising imaging processing method-the seismic image processed by the conventional seismic data imaging processing method), obtains the seismic response weak signal image of the target layer section, and obtains better application effect. The method comprises the following specific steps:
accurately calibrating a target horizon according to the detected well information and the earthquake information;
acquiring corresponding prestack noisy seismic data according to the calibrated target horizon;
processing the obtained noisy seismic data by adopting a set of conventional seismic data imaging processing method to obtain a clear geological structure image;
processing the obtained noisy seismic data by adopting a set of weak seismic signal denoising imaging processing method at the same time to obtain a seismic image containing weak seismic response signals;
and obtaining the difference of the processing results of the two sets of methods based on the processing results of the two sets of parallel seismic data imaging processing methods, and obtaining the seismic response weak signal image of the target interval.
Although the two sets of seismic data imaging processing methods are mainly used for processing pre-stack noisy seismic data in parallel, the difference of processing results of the two sets of seismic data processing methods, namely seismic response weak signals with better stratum detail characteristic feature characterization capability, is studied.
The example application result shows that the section image processed by the conventional seismic data imaging processing method is smoother, and a clear geological structure image is obtained. Meanwhile, the signal to noise ratio of the seismic section image processed by the conventional seismic data imaging processing method is improved compared with that of the seismic section image processed by the weak seismic signal denoising imaging processing method, and the continuity of the same phase axis is better.
The detail characteristics of the seismic image processed by the weak seismic signal denoising imaging processing method, namely the seismic image processed by the conventional seismic data imaging processing method, are clearer, but the signal to noise ratio is lower than that of the profile image processed by the conventional seismic data imaging processing method. The vertical resolution and the transverse resolution of the extracted weak seismic signal section image are higher, the fault depiction is clearer, and the fine geological structure information of the stratum covered under the conventional seismic data imaging processing method can be effectively depicted. Furthermore, the dither position of the same phase axis on the extracted weak seismic signal profile image is just representative of the actual position of geological anomalies and irregularly shaped particles, which coincides with the inhomogeneity of the actual earth medium.
The method solves the problem that the existing seismic imaging method is difficult to consider both imaging quality and weak signal retention. The analysis results of the embodiment show that the method can better extract the weak signals containing the geological medium microstructure and the tiny attribute change information from the seismic data under certain conditions. Although the signal to noise ratio of the extracted weak seismic signal section is low, the crack distribution of the stratum and the edge characteristics of the inhomogeneous geologic body can be reflected, and the detail characteristics of the microscopic stratum covered under the conventional seismic data processing method can be more effectively described. The method for extracting the weak signals of the earthquake solves the problem that the existing earthquake imaging method is difficult to consider the imaging quality and the weak signal retention. Through analysis of the obtained target layer weak signals, fine structure and medium attribute micro difference information of the target layer can be obtained, and the depiction accuracy of the earthquake on the target layer, such as an oil and gas reservoir, is improved.
The foregoing shows and describes the basic principles of the present patent, the principal features and characteristics of the present patent. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and that the embodiments and descriptions described herein are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention, and that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claimed invention.
Claims (1)
1. A differential-based seismic weak signal extraction method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Accurately calibrating a target horizon according to the detected well information and the earthquake information;
(2) Acquiring corresponding prestack noisy seismic data according to the calibrated target horizon;
(3) Acquiring a clear geological structure image by adopting a set of conventional seismic data imaging processing method based on the noisy seismic data;
(4) Based on the noisy seismic data, a set of weak seismic signal denoising imaging processing method is adopted at the same time, so that weak signals in the target horizon reflection seismic signals are reserved to the maximum extent;
(5) And based on the conventional seismic data imaging processing method and the weak seismic signal denoising imaging processing method which are used in parallel, solving the difference between the processing result of the conventional seismic data imaging processing method and the processing result of the weak seismic signal denoising imaging processing method, and obtaining the seismic response weak signal image of the target horizon.
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