CN103543386B - A kind of thunderbolt localization method of transmission line of electricity - Google Patents
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of thunderbolt localization method of transmission line of electricity, belong to high-voltage testing equipment and field of measuring technique.This method by inquiry lightning current on-line monitoring system Monitoring Data, obtain hit shaft tower lightning current after shaft tower and transmission line of electricity shunting, by the current amplitude of the lighting current sensor of this monitoring system, current waveform, rise time, hemiwave time; By inquiry lightning location system Monitoring Data, obtain in the same time with thunderbolt time in region, lightning region, amplitude of lightning current, Fields of Lightning Return Stroke time logarithmic data; In conjunction with the attenuation relation of thunder and lightning waveform after shaft tower that simulation calculation draws, and the current distributing relation of lightning strike spot distance shaft tower diverse location, consider the error of lightning location system, between the lane place drawing lightning strike spot.This method positioning precision is high, is conducive to fast finding and the reparation of circuit broken by lightning; And ensure that data validity and reliability, save searching and circuit repair time of transmission line lightning stroke fault.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of thunderbolt localization method of transmission line of electricity, belong to high-voltage testing equipment and field of measuring technique.
Background technology
According to incompletely statistics, China causes casualties reach 3000 ~ 4000 people because of thunderbolt every year, and property loss reaches surprising 20,000,000,000 yuan especially, and Lightning Disaster has become one of meteorological disaster that destructiveness is on the rise.The Transient Electromagnetic Phenomena that thunder and lightning brings belongs to electromagnetic pollution scope, and electromagnetic pollution is the universally acknowledged the fourth-largest pollution after water pollution, atmospheric pollution, noise pollution.Along with the modernization of industrial and agricultural production and people's lives, to the service systems such as railway, aviation, finance, electric power, telecommunications, TV, network and facility reliability and quality of service requirement also more and more higher, mankind's activity is also increasing to these utility dependences, lightning protection is had higher requirement, therefore lightning current Measurement accuracy is seemed more and more important.
From the angle of electric system, thunder and lightning has become the main reason of electric power system fault, no matter be circuit, transformer station or consumer, the impact how enabling them resist the electromagnetic transient that thunder and lightning and lightning induction produce better is the problem be concerned about the most in electric system lightning protection, and this needs to be based upon has on fully realizing and the basis understood the discharge process of thunder and lightning and the parameters of lightning current.
At present the research of lightning current characteristic parameter is mostly relied on to the method for simulation and emulation, and to natural lightning current characteristic parameter, comprising waveform, amplitude, rise time, duration etc. all lacks real data.How can obtain real lightning current data, the research of this understanding for thunder discharge process and lightning current and spatial field thereof is all very meaningful.And obtain the most direct method of nature lightning parameter and measure exactly, tall and big object is attacked directly for present modal artificial rocket triggered lightning or natural thunder, be all the probe of measurement mechanism is placed in thunder and lightning to flow on ground passage, and main frame be placed in passage proximate or indoor carry out measuring and record.But because amplitude of lightning current is often very high, basic is kiloampere magnitude, and rising edge often only has hundreds of nanosecond to a few microsecond, so select which type of measuring sonde can meet large range of dynamic measurement and wide frequency response is the problem be concerned about the most, Luo-coil is selection more common at present, it can meet the requirement of above-mentioned 2, and its performance is by a lot of experiment is confirmed.
Because thunder and lightning is the spontaneous phenomenon that a kind of random degree is very high, so want a large amount of measurement lightning current parameters, the best way is exactly a large amount of install and measure device, but be subject to the restriction of various physical condition, such way is obviously inappropriate, so the regularity of distribution of thunder activity law, particularly lightning strike spot in the past and the statistical law of number of lightning strokes first will be considered in the selection of measurement mechanism infield.Measurement place can be divided into many lightning regions and few lightning region according to different lightening activity intensity, the signal tower of such as communication base station, these independent, towering buildings of radio and television launching tower, and the local of the transmission line of electricity be easily struck by lightning and some transformer station, these all belong to high lightning region.So install relatively complicated in these places, the measurement mechanism that data recording capability is stronger.And writing function more single (only recording amplitude) can be selected in other few lightning region, structure is comparatively simple, the measurement mechanism that cost is lower.Available measurement resource can be made full use of like this, measure and collect the parameter information of nature lightning current to greatest extent.
When thunder and lightning hits shaft tower or transmission line of electricity, in the circuit residing for lightning strike spot, the lightning current having amplitude very large passes through, and circuit may be caused to damage.Meanwhile, may there is flashover in the insulator place that lightning strike spot closes on, and after there is flashover, lightning current flows through flashover region, and meeting evolution of heat ablation insulator, affects intensity and the insulation characterisitic of insulator.As positioned thunderbolt shaft tower or transmission line of electricity by technological means, can realize carrying out fast finding and reparation to the circuit by broken by lightning.
Summary of the invention
The present invention seeks to the thunderbolt localization method proposing a kind of transmission line of electricity, according to the measurement data that above-mentioned lightning location system and lightning current on-line monitoring system provide, calculate the thunderbolt position that thunderbolt line fault occurs, the fast finding damaged by the circuit that causes of being struck by lightning for electric system and reparation provide position foundation.
The transmission line lightning stroke localization method that the present invention proposes, comprises the following steps:
(1) from lightning current on-line monitoring system, obtain the position P of the shaft tower that lightning current on-line monitoring system is installed
1, thunderbolt time t
1, and hit shaft tower lightning current after shaft tower and transmission line of electricity shunting by the lightning current characteristic parameter of lighting current sensor in on-line monitoring system, lightning current characteristic parameter comprises the current amplitude I of lightning current
1, lightning current waveform, rise time t
up1with hemiwave time t
h1, and from lightning current waveform, obtain crest times N
1;
(2) from lightning location system, obtain Monitoring Data, Monitoring Data comprises in the same time with the thunderbolt time t in region
2, lightning current hits region P
2, amplitude of lightning current I
2with Fields of Lightning Return Stroke times N
2;
(3) the thunderbolt time t will obtained in above-mentioned lightning current on-line monitoring system
1, the position P of shaft tower that installs of lightning current on-line monitoring system
1, current amplitude I in lightning current characteristic parameter
1with the crest times N in waveform
1, with the thunderbolt time t in lightning location system Monitoring Data
2, lightning current hits region P
2, amplitude of lightning current I
2, Fields of Lightning Return Stroke times N
2compare, if meet t simultaneously
1with t
2within differing 1 millisecond, P
1be positioned at region P
2interior, N
1with N
2identical, and I
1be less than I
2, then judge that the data of lightning current on-line monitoring system record and the data of lightning location system record are caused by same thunder and lightning;
(4) when hitting transmission line of electricity according to thunder and lightning, in transmission line of electricity, the amplitude of lightning current I on ground wire, rise time t
upwith hemiwave time t
hand the shaft tower quantity between lightning strike spot and observation station and the theory relation table of the hop count of circuit and theory relation curve between shaft tower, by above-mentioned amplitude of lightning current I
1with amplitude of lightning current I
2ratio I
1/ I
2, rise time t
up1with hemiwave time t
h1substitute in above-mentioned theory relation table and theory relation curve, retrieve the hop count D of shaft tower quantity G between position that lightning current on-line monitoring system position and lightning current hit transmission line of electricity and circuit;
(5) by the simulation calculation to thunderbolt circuit, when obtaining lightning current along line propagation, amplitude of lightning current after G shaft tower and D section circuit produce amplitude attenuation accounts for the number percent Q of the amplitude of lightning current before decay, by the amplitude of lightning current I that above-mentioned lightning current on-line monitoring system is measured
1divided by Q, before drawing decay, hit the amplitude of lightning current I of place on line shaft tower the most nearby apart from lightning current
0: I
0=I
1/ Q;
(6) when hitting the ground wire between electric power line pole tower according to thunder and lightning, lightning current along ground wire to both sides shunt ratio and lightning strike spot apart from the theory relation table between the distance of both sides shaft tower, by above-mentioned amplitude of lightning current I
0and I
2ratio I
0/ I
2substitute in this theory relation table, retrieve the distance L that lightning current hits position and nearest shaft tower, if L is 0, then judge that lightning current directly hits shaft tower, if L is not 0, then judge that lightning current hits the circuit between shaft tower;
(7) following formula is utilized, calculate lightning current and hit distance S:S=G × A+L between grid locational and lightning current on-line monitoring system position, wherein, A be from the transmission line of electricity data of electric system, obtain lightning current on-line monitoring system position shaft tower between mean distance;
(8) to the measured value I of above-mentioned amplitude of lightning current
2after increasing by 50% and minimizing 50% respectively, respectively repeat steps (4) to step (7), hit the distance S between grid locational and lightning current on-line monitoring system position, by maximal value S from the lightning current obtained
mAXwith minimum value S
mINbe defined as the upper and lower bound that lightning current hits the spacing of grid locational and lightning current on-line monitoring system respectively;
(9) according to the minimum value S of above-mentioned steps (8)
mINwith maximal value S
mAX, obtain the line segment [S that lightning current hits grid locational place
mIN, S
mAX], remember that the mid point of this line segment is S
aV, then the position P of the shaft tower installed according to above-mentioned lightning current on-line monitoring system
1, obtain the position P that lightning current hits transmission line of electricity
0: P
0=P
1+ S
aV, by P
0and P between the lightning strike area that lightning location system is monitored
2compare, if P
0be in region P
2in, then by P
0as the position of thunderbolt circuit, for lightning fault reparation and line upkeep, if P
0be in region P
2outward, then location Calculation is terminated.
The thunderbolt localization method of the transmission line of electricity that the present invention proposes, its advantage is:
(1) the present invention combines the measurement data that lightning location system and lightning current on-line monitoring system provide, calculate the thunderbolt position of circuit and the lightning current wave shape parameter of this thunderbolt, the fast finding damaged by the circuit that causes of being struck by lightning for electric system and reparation provide position foundation, its positioning precision is higher than the independent lighting location result provided by lightning location system or lightning current on-line monitoring system, positioning error is less than the distance of one or two shaft tower, to fast query and the reparation of circuit broken by lightning, there is reference significance.
(2) localization method of the present invention's proposition, consider the measuring error of lightning location system, by lightning location system and the mutual comparison of lightning current on-line monitoring system, reduce positioning error, between the distance regions drawing lighting location, ensure that the validity and reliability of data, save searching and circuit repair time of transmission line lightning stroke fault.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that lightning current hits schematic diagram between head of mast or shaft tower.
Fig. 2 is that lightning current hits circuit diverse location schematic diagram between shaft tower.
Fig. 3 is the relation of the amplitude of lightning current I in transmission line of electricity on ground wire and the shaft tower quantity between lightning strike spot and observation station.
Fig. 4 is the lightning current rise time t in transmission line of electricity on ground wire
upand the relation of the shaft tower quantity between lightning strike spot and observation station.
Fig. 5 is the lightning current hemiwave time t in transmission line of electricity on ground wire
hand the relation of the shaft tower quantity between lightning strike spot and observation station.
Fig. 6 is the relation of lightning current along ground wire to side shunt ratio this side lever tower distance relative to lightning strike spot.
Fig. 7 is the position view judging lightning strike spot after considering lightning location system error according to amplitude of lightning current.
Embodiment
The transmission line lightning stroke localization method that the present invention proposes, comprises the following steps:
(1) from lightning current on-line monitoring system, obtain the position P of the shaft tower that lightning current on-line monitoring system is installed
1, thunderbolt time t
1, and hit shaft tower lightning current after shaft tower and transmission line of electricity shunting by the lightning current characteristic parameter of lighting current sensor in on-line monitoring system, lightning current characteristic parameter comprises the current amplitude I of lightning current
1, lightning current waveform, rise time t
up1with hemiwave time t
h1, and from lightning current waveform, obtain crest times N
1;
(2) from lightning location system, obtain Monitoring Data, Monitoring Data comprises in the same time with the thunderbolt time t in region
2, lightning current hits region P
2, amplitude of lightning current I
2with Fields of Lightning Return Stroke times N
2;
(3) the thunderbolt time t will obtained in above-mentioned lightning current on-line monitoring system
1, the position P of shaft tower that installs of lightning current on-line monitoring system
1, current amplitude I in lightning current characteristic parameter
1with the crest times N in waveform
1, with the thunderbolt time t in lightning location system Monitoring Data
2, lightning current hits region P
2, amplitude of lightning current I
2, Fields of Lightning Return Stroke times N
2compare, if meet t simultaneously
1with t
2within differing 1 millisecond, P
1be positioned at region P
2interior, N
1with N
2identical, and I
1be less than I
2, then judge that the data of lightning current on-line monitoring system record and the data of lightning location system record are caused by same thunder and lightning;
(4) when hitting transmission line of electricity according to thunder and lightning, in transmission line of electricity, the amplitude of lightning current I on ground wire, rise time t
upwith hemiwave time t
hand the shaft tower quantity between lightning strike spot and observation station and the theory relation table of the hop count of circuit and theory relation curve between shaft tower, by above-mentioned amplitude of lightning current I
1with amplitude of lightning current I
2ratio I
1/ I
2, rise time t
up1with hemiwave time t
h1substitute in above-mentioned theory relation table and theory relation curve, retrieve the hop count D of shaft tower quantity G between position that lightning current on-line monitoring system position and lightning current hit transmission line of electricity and circuit;
(5) by the simulation calculation to thunderbolt circuit, when obtaining lightning current along line propagation, amplitude of lightning current after G shaft tower and D section circuit produce amplitude attenuation accounts for the number percent Q of the amplitude of lightning current before decay, by the amplitude of lightning current I that above-mentioned lightning current on-line monitoring system is measured
1divided by Q, before drawing decay, hit the amplitude of lightning current I of place on line shaft tower the most nearby apart from lightning current
0: I
0=I
1/ Q;
(6) when hitting the ground wire between electric power line pole tower according to thunder and lightning, lightning current along ground wire to both sides shunt ratio and lightning strike spot apart from the theory relation table between the distance of both sides shaft tower, by above-mentioned amplitude of lightning current I
0and I
2ratio I
0/ I
2substitute in this theory relation table, retrieve the distance L that lightning current hits position and nearest shaft tower, if L is 0, then judge that lightning current directly hits shaft tower, if L is not 0, then judge that lightning current hits the circuit between shaft tower;
(7) following formula is utilized, calculate lightning current and hit distance S:S=G × A+L between grid locational and lightning current on-line monitoring system position, wherein, A be from the transmission line of electricity data of electric system, obtain lightning current on-line monitoring system position shaft tower between mean distance;
(8) to the measured value I of above-mentioned amplitude of lightning current
2after increasing by 50% and minimizing 50% respectively, respectively repeat steps (4) to step (7), hit the distance S between grid locational and lightning current on-line monitoring system position, by maximal value S from the lightning current obtained
mAXwith minimum value S
mINbe defined as the upper and lower bound that lightning current hits the spacing of grid locational and lightning current on-line monitoring system respectively;
(9) according to the minimum value S of above-mentioned steps (8)
mINwith maximal value S
mAX, obtain the line segment [S that lightning current hits grid locational place
mIN, S
mAX], remember that the mid point of this line segment is S
aV, then the position P of the shaft tower installed according to above-mentioned lightning current on-line monitoring system
1, obtain the position P that lightning current hits transmission line of electricity
0: P
0=P
1+ S
aV, by P
0and P between the lightning strike area that lightning location system is monitored
2compare, if P
0be in region P
2in, then by P
0as the position of thunderbolt circuit, for lightning fault reparation and line upkeep, if P
0be in region P
2outward, then location Calculation is terminated.
In localization method of the present invention, the pass of the distance of the amplitude of lightning current in transmission line of electricity on ground wire, rise time and hemiwave time and lightning strike spot and observation station is, along with lightning current is through the increase of shaft tower quantity, lightning wave waveform rise time shortens gradually, amplitude diminishes gradually, hemiwave time is elongated, and concrete result of calculation is as follows:
" the Transmission Line Design manual of standards " that use State Grid Corporation of China to publish is as the design standards of emulation, wherein shaft tower adopts binary fission formula wineglass tower, whole transmission line of electricity comprises 11 typical shaft towers, and line end is respectively set to 1000km(and circuit is infinite length).Span is 400m.Three-phase conducting wire adopts LGJ-50, and horizontally, all apart from 7.5m, two tower heads are 5.7m with the vertical range of three-phase conducting wire, three-phase conducting wire distance ground 20m, wire is binary fission, heading spacing 0.4572m, wire radius 0.02m, resistivity 0.03984 Ω/km, hang down the 12m that speeds; Ground wire radius 0.0057m, resistivity is 2.8645 Ω/km, and hang down the 7m that speeds.
Lightning current hits the schematic diagram between head of mast or shaft tower and the schematic diagram of circuit diverse location between shaft tower that is struck by lightning is distinguished as depicted in figs. 1 and 2.
Lightning current adopts standard lightning current waveform to calculate, and when drawing the circuit between lightning stroke rate or shaft tower, as shown in Figure 1, by simulation calculation, obtain the lightning current simulation waveform by closing on several shaft tower, its overall rule is as shown in table 1.
Table 1 thunder and lightning waveform attenuation data after shaft tower
In lightning current communication process, through shaft tower, before amplitude of lightning current accounts for decay can there is significant change in the percentage of amplitude of lightning current, rise time and hemiwave time, and the route through between shaft tower, its amplitude of lightning current, rise time and hemiwave time change are not obvious.Amplitude of lightning current, rise time and hemiwave time with the change of the shaft tower quantity of process respectively as shown in Fig. 3, Fig. 4 and Fig. 5.
When lightning current hits the circuit between shaft tower, lightning current along ground wire to the pass of both sides shunt ratio both sides relative to lightning strike spot shaft tower distance is, when lightning current hits the circuit central authorities between two shaft towers, lightning current is shunted along ground wire to both sides with each 50%, lightning current is through shaft tower, and all there are significant change amplitude of lightning current and rise time, through line propagation, when corona impact is less, amplitude of lightning current and rise time change not obvious; When lightning current hits the circuit diverse location between shaft tower, the shaft tower nearer apart from lightning strike spot will shunt the lightning current obtaining more vast scale, and distance is nearer, and shunt ratio is larger, instead can be pushed away obtaining thunderbolt position by this curve;
Use circuit simulating software to calculate, draw the sensor place of the lightning current on-line monitoring system of lightning strike spot distance shaft tower diverse location, the lightning current data monitored are as shown in table 2.
The lightning current data that table 2 lightning strike spot distance shaft tower diverse location monitors
The result of his-and-hers watches 2 is summarized, as shown in Figure 6:
From Fig. 6 and table 2, when the distance along with the sensor of be struck by lightning position and lightning current on-line monitoring system increases gradually, the trend that the amplitude of lightning current collected substantially linearly successively decreases, and its rise time and hemiwave time change are not quite.
When after the error considering lightning location system positive and negative 50%, the straight line can making two error bounds is crossing with the relation curve of the distance of the sensor of be struck by lightning position and lightning current on-line monitoring system, 2 that the intersect error upper limit and the error floor being the distance of the sensor of lighting location and lightning current on-line monitoring system, between the distance regions between 2 be this thunder and lightning positioning area between, as shown in Figure 7.
Claims (1)
1. a transmission line lightning stroke localization method, is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:
(1) from lightning current on-line monitoring system, obtain the position P of the shaft tower that lightning current on-line monitoring system is installed
1, thunderbolt time t
1, and hit shaft tower lightning current after shaft tower and transmission line of electricity shunting by the lightning current characteristic parameter of lighting current sensor in on-line monitoring system, lightning current characteristic parameter comprises the current amplitude I of lightning current
1, lightning current waveform, rise time t
up1with hemiwave time t
h1, and from lightning current waveform, obtain crest times N
1;
(2) from lightning location system, obtain Monitoring Data, Monitoring Data comprises in the same time with the thunderbolt time t in region
2, lightning current hits region P
2, amplitude of lightning current I
2with Fields of Lightning Return Stroke times N
2;
(3) the thunderbolt time t will obtained in above-mentioned lightning current on-line monitoring system
1, the position P of shaft tower that installs of lightning current on-line monitoring system
1, current amplitude I in lightning current characteristic parameter
1with the crest times N in waveform
1, with the thunderbolt time t in lightning location system Monitoring Data
2, lightning current hits region P
2, amplitude of lightning current I
2, Fields of Lightning Return Stroke times N
2compare, if meet t simultaneously
1with t
2within differing 1 millisecond, P
1be positioned at region P
2interior, N
1with N
2identical, and I
1be less than I
2, then judge that the data of lightning current on-line monitoring system record and the data of lightning location system record are caused by same thunder and lightning;
(4) when hitting transmission line of electricity according to thunder and lightning, the amplitude of lightning current I on the ground wire in transmission line of electricity, rise time t
upwith hemiwave time t
hand the shaft tower quantity between lightning strike spot and observation station and the theory relation table of the hop count of circuit and theory relation curve between shaft tower, by above-mentioned amplitude of lightning current I
1with amplitude of lightning current I
2ratio I
1/ I
2, rise time t
up1with hemiwave time t
h1substitute in above-mentioned theory relation table and theory relation curve, retrieve the hop count D of shaft tower quantity G between position that lightning current on-line monitoring system position and lightning current hit transmission line of electricity and circuit;
(5) by the simulation calculation to thunderbolt circuit, when obtaining lightning current along line propagation, amplitude of lightning current after G shaft tower and D section circuit produce amplitude attenuation accounts for the number percent Q of the amplitude of lightning current before decay, by the amplitude of lightning current I that above-mentioned lightning current on-line monitoring system is measured
1divided by Q, before drawing decay, hit the amplitude of lightning current I of place on line shaft tower the most nearby apart from lightning current
0: I
0=I
1/ Q;
(6) when hitting the ground wire between electric power line pole tower according to thunder and lightning, lightning current along ground wire to both sides shunt ratio and lightning strike spot apart from the theory relation table between the distance of both sides shaft tower, by above-mentioned amplitude of lightning current I
0and I
2ratio I
0/ I
2substitute in this theory relation table, retrieve the distance L that lightning current hits position and nearest shaft tower, if L is 0, then judge that lightning current directly hits shaft tower, if L is not 0, then judge that lightning current hits the circuit between shaft tower;
(7) following formula is utilized, calculate lightning current and hit distance S:S=G × A+L between grid locational and lightning current on-line monitoring system position, wherein, A be from the transmission line of electricity data of electric system, obtain lightning current on-line monitoring system position shaft tower between mean distance;
(8) to the measured value I of above-mentioned amplitude of lightning current
2after increasing by 50% and minimizing 50% respectively, respectively repeat steps (4) to step (7), hit the distance S between grid locational and lightning current on-line monitoring system position, by maximal value S from the lightning current obtained
mAXwith minimum value S
mINbe defined as the upper and lower bound that lightning current hits the spacing of grid locational and lightning current on-line monitoring system respectively;
(9) according to the minimum value S of above-mentioned steps (8)
mINwith maximal value S
mAX, obtain the line segment [S that lightning current hits grid locational place
mIN, S
mAX], remember that the mid point of this line segment is S
aV, then the position P of the shaft tower installed according to above-mentioned lightning current on-line monitoring system
1, obtain the position P that lightning current hits transmission line of electricity
0: P
0=P
1+ S
aV, by P
0and P between the lightning strike area that lightning location system is monitored
2compare, if P
0be in region P
2in, then by P
0as the position of thunderbolt circuit, for lightning fault reparation and line upkeep, if P
0be in region P
2outward, then location Calculation is terminated.
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| CN105403774B (en) * | 2015-10-23 | 2019-04-23 | 南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司 | A kind of thunder and lightning direction and location optimization method based on exclusion deviation |
| CN107884675A (en) * | 2016-09-29 | 2018-04-06 | 山东信通电子股份有限公司 | Monitoring device with transmission line lightning stroke fault location |
| CN108414843B (en) * | 2018-03-08 | 2020-02-07 | 南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司 | Method for discriminating direct lightning strike from inductive lightning strike based on optical integrated electric field sensor |
| CN109100617A (en) * | 2018-11-06 | 2018-12-28 | 云南电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | A kind of power transmission line lightning shielding Fault Locating Method based on accurate measurement voltage |
| CN110221180B (en) * | 2019-07-01 | 2021-07-06 | 国网四川省电力公司电力科学研究院 | 10kV distribution line lightning stroke fault recognition and positioning method |
| CN111239544B (en) * | 2020-02-06 | 2021-04-27 | 云南电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | Method for positioning lightning overvoltage fault point |
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