CN103543249B - Experimental device and experimental method used for research of thin film water migration laws - Google Patents
Experimental device and experimental method used for research of thin film water migration laws Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种研究薄膜水运移规律的实验方法，包括以下步骤：在土柱筒分层装入实验土样，在水补给装置中加入一定浓度的离子水，并注入少量植物油对水体进行油封。每隔一段时间向水补给装置添加一定量的水，确保其水位高于土柱筒的缓冲层。实验过程中通过无线数据发射终端，将温度湿度传感器测得数据发送至数据接收与处理系统进行分析处理。并对试验进行一段时间后的土体进行取样，测试不同深度土体的含水率和离子浓度。通过该实验方法可以精确的研究不同土体环境下的薄膜水迁移速率。为干旱区土壤水运移研究提供可靠的实验基础。本发明还公开了一种用于前述研究薄膜水运移实验方法的实验装置。
The invention discloses an experimental method for studying the water migration law of a thin film, which comprises the following steps: loading experimental soil samples in layers in a soil column, adding a certain concentration of ionized water into a water supply device, and injecting a small amount of vegetable oil to carry out the water body oil seal. Add a certain amount of water to the water supply device at regular intervals to ensure that its water level is higher than the buffer layer of the soil column. During the experiment, through the wireless data transmitting terminal, the data measured by the temperature and humidity sensor is sent to the data receiving and processing system for analysis and processing. And the soil after the test was carried out for a period of time was sampled to test the moisture content and ion concentration of the soil at different depths. Through this experimental method, the film water migration rate in different soil environments can be accurately studied. It provides a reliable experimental basis for the study of soil water transport in arid areas. The invention also discloses an experimental device used for the aforementioned experimental method for studying thin film water migration.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及土壤水环境实验测试领域，具体说是一种研究薄膜水运移规律的实验装置及方法。 The invention relates to the field of soil water environment experiments and tests, in particular to an experimental device and method for studying the law of membrane water migration.
背景技术 Background technique
在大气降水、地表水、土壤水和地下水这四种水的研究中，土壤水的研究相对较少，而薄膜水是土壤水的组成部分，其运动机制尚不清楚，所以，干旱区土壤水来源问题仍然存在很大争议。已有的研究表明，干旱区降水很难入渗到土壤中一定深度，土壤水主要靠地下水补给。地下水通过毛细水补给只能到达一定高度就上不去了；再往上走，薄膜水运移起主要作用。在此前提下设计实验装置及实验方法探究薄膜水在含水率梯度、离子浓度梯度以及温度的变化下的运移规律具有很高的科研价值和应用前景。 Among the studies on the four waters of atmospheric precipitation, surface water, soil water, and groundwater, there are relatively few studies on soil water, while film water is a component of soil water, and its movement mechanism is still unclear. Therefore, soil water in arid areas The question of provenance remains highly debated. Existing studies have shown that precipitation in arid areas is difficult to infiltrate into the soil to a certain depth, and soil water is mainly recharged by groundwater. Groundwater can only reach a certain height through capillary water recharge and cannot go up; further up, thin-film water migration plays a major role. Under this premise, it is of high scientific value and application prospect to design experimental devices and experimental methods to explore the migration law of thin film water under the changes of water content gradient, ion concentration gradient and temperature.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明所要解决的技术问题，是针对前述背景技术中的缺陷和不足，提供一种研究薄膜水运移规律的实验装置及方法，其可以通过室内实验研究目前学术界尚存在争议的干旱区土壤水来源问题，比较直观的给出不同土壤环境下的薄膜水运移规律。 The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an experimental device and method for studying the law of thin film water migration in view of the defects and deficiencies in the aforementioned background technology. In order to solve the problem of source, it is more intuitive to give the law of film water migration in different soil environments.
本发明为解决以上技术问题，所采用的技术方案是： The present invention is for solving above technical problem, and the technical solution adopted is:
一种研究薄膜水运移的实验装置，包括土柱筒、水补给装置、温度湿度传感器、无线数据发射终端、数据接收及处理系统和取土器，所述土柱筒包括实验土样层和缓冲层；所述水补给装置通过导管与土柱筒相连通，装置侧壁上刻有上下两条定水位刻度线，下定水位刻度线与土柱筒的缓冲层等高，上下刻度线之间的距离为5cm；所述温度湿度传感器为多个，所述多个温度湿度传感器沿土柱筒轴向均布在土柱筒内壁上，通过数据总线连接至无线数据发射终端；无线数据发射终端包括模数转换模块和无线数据发射模块；在实验过程中温度湿度传感器分别感应各土层的温度和湿度信息，通过导线将模拟信号传送至无线数据发射终端的模数转换模块，再通过无线数据发射模块将数据信息发送至处理系统；所述取土器包括通过内置螺栓连接的短管和金属取样槽。 An experimental device for studying thin film water migration, including a soil column, a water supply device, a temperature and humidity sensor, a wireless data transmitting terminal, a data receiving and processing system, and a soil extractor, the soil column includes an experimental soil sample layer and a buffer layer The water supply device is connected with the soil column tube through the conduit, and two fixed water level scale lines are engraved on the device side wall, the lower fixed water level scale line is equal to the buffer layer of the soil column tube, and the distance between the upper and lower scale lines 5cm; the temperature and humidity sensors are multiple, and the multiple temperature and humidity sensors are evenly distributed on the inner wall of the soil column along the axial direction of the soil column, and are connected to the wireless data transmitting terminal through the data bus; the wireless data transmitting terminal includes a module Digital conversion module and wireless data transmission module; during the experiment, the temperature and humidity sensors respectively sense the temperature and humidity information of each soil layer, and transmit the analog signal to the analog-to-digital conversion module of the wireless data transmission terminal through wires, and then pass the wireless data transmission module Data information is sent to the processing system; the soil fetcher consists of a short pipe connected by built-in bolts and a metal sampling trough.
作为优选，上述的土柱筒采用抗拉强度较大的塑胶管材制作，接口处采用密封性能和抗时间老化性能较好的密封胶密封。 As a preference, the above-mentioned soil column is made of a plastic pipe with high tensile strength, and the joint is sealed with a sealant with good sealing performance and anti-time aging performance.
上述取土器的整体长短可以通过增减短管来进行调节，且易分层取土样，相对于普通的洛阳铲减少了对土层的扰动，取样深度更加精确。 The overall length of the above-mentioned soil extractor can be adjusted by increasing or decreasing the short pipe, and it is easy to take soil samples in layers. Compared with ordinary Luoyang shovels, the disturbance to the soil layer is reduced, and the sampling depth is more accurate.
上述土柱筒的缓冲层的管径大于土样测试层的管径。 The pipe diameter of the buffer layer of the soil column is larger than the pipe diameter of the soil sample test layer.
作为优选，所述多个温度湿度传感器按每10cm一个均布在土柱筒内壁上。 Preferably, the plurality of temperature and humidity sensors are evenly distributed on the inner wall of the soil cylinder every 10 cm.
一种研究薄膜水运移规律的实验方法，包括以下步骤： An experimental method for studying the law of film water migration, comprising the following steps:
（A）步骤：在土柱筒的底部缓冲层中装入粒径为6-8mm的粗砾石；并用直径与土柱筒内径相同、透水性较好的土工布平放在缓冲层的颗粒上，随后按一定孔隙率分层装入一定颗粒级配的土样，每层10cm，装至指定高度； (A) Step: Put coarse gravel with a particle size of 6-8mm in the bottom buffer layer of the soil column; and use a geotextile with the same diameter as the inner diameter of the soil column and better water permeability to lay flat on the particles of the buffer layer , and then load soil samples of a certain particle size into layers according to a certain porosity, each layer is 10 cm, and the soil samples are loaded to a specified height;
（B）步骤：将水补给装置通过导管和土柱筒连通，在水补给装置中加入一定浓度离子水至上定水位刻度线，然后再注入少量植物油对水体进行油封，防止水分蒸发；每当水补给装置水位下降至接近下定水位刻度线时，用注射器向水补给装置的油封层下注水到上定水位刻度线，并记录下每次注水的时刻和注入的水量； (B) Step: connect the water supply device with the soil column through the conduit, add a certain concentration of ionized water to the upper water level scale line in the water supply device, and then inject a small amount of vegetable oil to oil seal the water body to prevent water from evaporating; When the water level of the supply device drops to close to the lower fixed water level scale line, use a syringe to inject water under the oil seal layer of the water supply device to the upper fixed water level scale line, and record the time of each water injection and the amount of water injected;
（C）步骤：实验过程中通过土柱筒内壁上的温度湿度传感器每隔一天记录不同深度土体的温度和湿度数据； (C) Step: During the experiment, the temperature and humidity data of the soil at different depths were recorded every other day through the temperature and humidity sensors on the inner wall of the soil column;
（D）步骤：用多个相同的装置做对比实验，只需改变离子水浓度即可，其他操作相同； (D) Step: Use multiple identical devices for comparative experiments, only need to change the concentration of ionized water, and the other operations are the same;
（E）步骤：实验持续一个月后，用取土器分别对每个装置进行取样，每10cm取样一次，分别测定每个样本的含水率和离子浓度，通过注水量数据以及温度湿度随时间的变化规律和土样离子浓度随土层的分布规律分析薄膜水的运移规律； (E) Step: After the experiment lasted for one month, each device was sampled with a soil fetcher, and the sample was taken every 10cm, and the moisture content and ion concentration of each sample were measured respectively, and the data of water injection and the change of temperature and humidity over time Analyze the migration law of thin film water according to the distribution law of soil sample ion concentration and soil layer;
具体分析方法如下： The specific analysis method is as follows:
首先, 根据注水量数据，可以得出水进入土体的速度 ，，其中，是进入土体的水量,以ml计，为该水量进入土体消耗的时间，为土柱筒内土体底面积； First, according to the water injection data, the speed of water entering the soil can be obtained , ,in, is the amount of water entering the soil, in ml, is the time it takes for this amount of water to enter the soil, is the area of the soil bottom in the soil column;
其次, 通过获取的重量含水率数据，可以得到薄膜水上升的高度以及各高程的含水率分布，薄膜水上升高度H以重量含水率为1%的土层高度为准;通过不同时间的重量含水率分层数据对比分析，可以得到不同含水率梯度下的薄膜水运移速率，其中，为土柱筒内Z高度以上土体的含水量，为土柱筒内单位高度的土体干重度，土柱筒内高度为z的土体体积含水率； Secondly, through the obtained weight moisture content data, the rising height of the film water and the distribution of water content at each elevation can be obtained. The rising height H of the film water is based on the height of the soil layer with a weight moisture content of 1%; By comparing and analyzing the layered data, the film water migration rate under different water content gradients can be obtained. ,in, is the water content of the soil above the Z height in the soil column, is the soil dry weight per unit height in the soil column, The volumetric water content of the soil at the height z in the soil column;
最后, 通过不同环境温度条件下土柱筒内薄膜水运移速率对比，得出温度对薄膜水运移的影响；通过添加不同离子浓度水的土柱筒内薄膜水运移速率对比，得出离子浓度对薄膜水运移速率的影响。 Finally, the effect of temperature on film water transport was obtained by comparing the film water transport rate in the soil column under different ambient temperature conditions; Influence of film water transport rate.
有益效果：本发明具有以下优点：结构设计科学合理，能够实时获取薄膜水运移实验过程中的温度和湿度数据，大大提高了科研效率。通过该发明专利中所述的实验装置和实验方法可以比较精确的研究薄膜水的运移规律，具有很高的科研价值和应用前景,为干旱区土壤水运移规律研究提供实验基础。 Beneficial effects : the invention has the following advantages: the structure design is scientific and reasonable, and the temperature and humidity data during the film water migration experiment can be obtained in real time, greatly improving the efficiency of scientific research. Through the experimental device and experimental method described in the invention patent, the migration law of thin film water can be studied more accurately, which has high scientific research value and application prospect, and provides an experimental basis for the study of soil water migration law in arid areas.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1为本发明的实验装置结构示意图； Fig. 1 is the structural representation of experimental device of the present invention;
其中，1、土柱筒；2、水补给装置；3、温度湿度传感器；4、无线数据发射终端；5、数据接收及处理系统；6、取土器。 Among them, 1. Soil cylinder; 2. Water supply device; 3. Temperature and humidity sensor; 4. Wireless data transmitting terminal; 5. Data receiving and processing system; 6. Soil extractor.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
以下将结合附图，对本发明的技术方案进行详细说明。 The technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
如图1所示，本发明提供一种研究薄膜水运移规律的实验装置，包括土柱筒1、水补给装置2、温度湿度传感器3、无线数据发射终端4、数据接收及处理系统5和取土器6，所述土柱筒1包括上部实验土样层和下部缓冲层，缓冲层内径大于实验土样层内径；所述水补给装置2通过导管与土柱筒1的下部缓冲层相连通，装置侧壁上刻有上下两条定水位刻度线，下定水位刻度线与土柱筒的缓冲层等高，上下刻度线之间的距离为5cm；所述温度湿度传感器3按每10cm一个均布在土柱筒内壁上，通过数据总线连接至无线数据发射终端4；无线数据发射终端4包括模数转换模块和无线数据发射模块；在实验过程中温度湿度传感器3分别感应土柱筒1内各土层的温度和湿度信息，通过导线将模拟信号传送至无线数据发射终端1的模数转换模块，再通过无线数据发射模块将数据信息发送至数据接收及处理系统5；所述取土器6包括可通过内置螺栓连接的短管和金属取样槽。 As shown in Figure 1, the present invention provides an experimental device for studying the law of thin film water migration, including a soil cylinder 1, a water supply device 2, a temperature and humidity sensor 3, a wireless data transmitting terminal 4, a data receiving and processing system 5 and a The soil vessel 6, the soil column tube 1 includes an upper experimental soil sample layer and a lower buffer layer, the inner diameter of the buffer layer is greater than the inner diameter of the experimental soil sample layer; the water supply device 2 communicates with the lower buffer layer of the soil column tube 1 through a conduit, Two fixed water level scale lines are engraved on the side wall of the device, the lower fixed water level scale line is equal to the buffer layer of the soil column, and the distance between the upper and lower scale lines is 5cm; the temperature and humidity sensors 3 are evenly distributed every 10cm On the inner wall of the soil column, it is connected to the wireless data transmitting terminal 4 through the data bus; the wireless data transmitting terminal 4 includes an analog-to-digital conversion module and a wireless data transmitting module; The temperature and humidity information of the soil layer transmits the analog signal to the analog-to-digital conversion module of the wireless data transmitting terminal 1 through wires, and then sends the data information to the data receiving and processing system 5 through the wireless data transmitting module; the soil fetching device 6 includes Short tubing and metal sampling troughs that can be connected by built-in bolts.
本发明还提供一种研究薄膜水运移规律的实验方法，包括以下步骤： The present invention also provides an experimental method for studying the law of film water migration, comprising the following steps:
（A）步骤、在土柱筒1的底部缓冲层中装入粒径为6-8mm的粗砾石；并用直径与土柱筒1内径相同、透水性较好的土工布平放在缓冲层的颗粒上，随后按一定孔隙率分层装入一定颗粒级配的土样，每层10cm，装至指定高度；（此处“”孔隙率“”颗粒级配“”指定高度“可根据实验要求以及实验模拟的工况进行自行设定）。 (A) Step, put coarse gravel with a particle size of 6-8 mm in the bottom buffer layer of the soil column 1; and use a geotextile with the same diameter as the inner diameter of the soil column 1 and better water permeability to place it flat on the buffer layer Then, according to a certain porosity, soil samples of a certain particle size distribution are loaded in layers, each layer is 10cm, and installed to a specified height; And the working conditions of the experimental simulation are set by themselves).
（B）步骤、将水补给装置2通过导管和土柱筒1的下部缓冲层连通，在水补给装置2中加入离子水至上定水位刻度线，然后在注入少量植物油对水体进行油封，防止水分蒸发；每当水补给装置水位下降至接近下定水位刻度线时，用注射器向水补给装置的油封层下注水到上定水位刻度线，并记录下每次注水的时刻和注入的水量； (B) Step, connect the water supply device 2 with the lower buffer layer of the soil column 1 through the conduit, add ionized water to the water supply device 2 to the upper fixed water level scale line, and then inject a small amount of vegetable oil to oil seal the water body to prevent moisture Evaporation; whenever the water level of the water supply device drops to close to the lower water level scale line, use a syringe to inject water under the oil seal layer of the water supply device to the upper water level scale line, and record the time of each water injection and the amount of water injected;
（C）步骤、实验过程中通过土柱筒1内壁上的温度湿度传感器3每隔一天记录不同深度土体的温度和湿度数据； (C) The temperature and humidity data of the soil at different depths are recorded every other day through the temperature and humidity sensor 3 on the inner wall of the soil column 1 during the steps and experiments;
（D）步骤、用多个相同的装置做对比实验，只需改变离子水浓度即可，其他操作相同； (D) Steps, use multiple identical devices for comparative experiments, only need to change the concentration of ionized water, and other operations are the same;
（E）步骤、实验持续约一个月后，用取土器6分别对每个装置进行取样，每10cm取样一次，分别测定每个样本的含水率和离子浓度，通过注水量数据以及温度湿度随时间的变化规律和土样离子浓度随土层的分布规律分析薄膜水的运移规律； (E) After the step and the experiment lasted for about one month, each device was sampled with the soil fetcher 6, and the sample was taken every 10cm, and the moisture content and ion concentration of each sample were measured respectively. The change rule of the soil sample ion concentration and the distribution rule of the soil layer were analyzed to analyze the migration rule of the film water;
具体分析方法如下： The specific analysis method is as follows:
首先, 根据注水量数据，可以得出水进入土体的速度，，其中，是进入土体的水量,以ml计，为该水量进入土体消耗的时间，为土柱筒内土体底面积； First, according to the water injection data, the speed of water entering the soil can be obtained , ,in, is the amount of water entering the soil, in ml, is the time it takes for this amount of water to enter the soil, is the area of the soil bottom in the soil column;
其次, 通过获取的重量含水率数据，可以得到薄膜水上升的高度以及各高程的含水率分布，薄膜水上升高度H以重量含水率为1%的土层高度为准;通过不同时间的重量含水率分层数据对比分析，可以得到不同含水率梯度下的薄膜水运移速率，其中，为土柱筒内Z高度以上土体的含水量，为土柱筒内单位高度的土体干重度，土柱筒内高度为z的土体体积含水率； Secondly, through the obtained weight moisture content data, the rising height of the film water and the distribution of water content at each elevation can be obtained. The rising height H of the film water is based on the height of the soil layer with a weight moisture content of 1%; By comparing and analyzing the layered data, the film water migration rate under different water content gradients can be obtained. ,in, is the water content of the soil above the Z height in the soil column, is the soil dry weight per unit height in the soil column, The volumetric water content of the soil at the height z in the soil column;
最后, 通过不同环境温度条件下土柱筒内薄膜水运移速率对比，得出温度对薄膜水运移的影响；通过添加不同离子浓度水的土柱筒内薄膜水运移速率对比，得出离子浓度对薄膜水运移速率的影响。 Finally, the effect of temperature on film water transport was obtained by comparing the film water transport rate in the soil column under different ambient temperature conditions; Influence of film water transport rate.
通过这种方法，可以比较科学合理的研究薄膜水的运移规律，同时可以比较精确的测定出在不同含水率梯度、离子浓度以及环境温度的影响下，薄膜水在土体中的运移速率。 Through this method, the migration law of thin film water can be scientifically and reasonably studied, and at the same time, the migration rate of thin film water in soil can be accurately determined under the influence of different water content gradients, ion concentrations and ambient temperatures. .
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