CN103542872A - Distributed optical fiber sensor based on stimulated Brillouin slow light effect and sensing method - Google Patents
Distributed optical fiber sensor based on stimulated Brillouin slow light effect and sensing method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a distributed optical fiber sensor based on the stimulated Brillouin slow light effect and a sensing method. The sensor comprises a laser light source, a pump end electro-optical modulator, a probe end electro-optical modulator, an adjustable double-pulse generator and a signal collecting and processing module. The sensing method includes the steps that a pump optical pulse emitted to a sensing optical fiber and an incident moment of a probe optical fiber are respectively controlled so that the pump optical pulse and the incident moment can meet with each other in different positions of the sensing optical fiber, the stimulated Brillouin slow light effect is generated, probe light is delayed, and the delay amount of the probe light is related to an environment parameter of the position where pump light and the probe light meet each other in the sensing optical fiber; by means of the signal collecting and processing module, the delay amount of the probe light is obtained, and finally the value of the environment parameter of the sensing optical fiber on the position where the pump light and the probe light meet each other is calculated, and therefore distributed sensing is achieved. The sensor and the sensing method are suitable for the field of optical fiber distributed sensing requiring a long distance and a great number of monitoring points.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to sensory field of optic fibre, particularly a kind of distributed fiberoptic sensor and method for sensing based on excited Brillouin slow light effect.
Background technology
Optical fiber Brillouin effect is the effect that laser produces frequency displacement in optical fiber, and it is the basis of the network-building method that distributed fiber-optic sensor network is conventional.Utilize optical fiber Brillouin distributed sensing system, can monitor optical fiber temperature along the line and stress.In fields such as large scale civil engineering, energy circuits, there is application prospect very widely.All demodulation in frequency domain of signal of optical fiber Brillouin distributed sensing system at present, due to Brillouin shift very high (being generally greater than 10GHz), the velocity of propagation of light is very fast again, this Distributed Detection wants to accomplish high spatial resolution, must realize frequency measurement at a high speed, yet accomplish that this point is very difficult.Therefore the technical difficulty of optical fiber Brillouin distributed sensing is very large at present, and price is very expensive.
Optical fiber stimulated Brillouin slow light effect is a quasi-nonlinear effect, is while there is brillouin effect in certain section of optical fiber, the phenomenon that the laser generation velocity of propagation of the specific wavelength by this section of optical fiber changes.Laser propagation velocity variable is relevant with this section of residing environmental parameter of optical fiber, as long as therefore recording this retardation just can demodulate optical fiber environmental parameter along the line.
To sum up, consider to utilize optical fiber stimulated Brillouin slow light effect to realize distributed sensing, so make signal can be in time domain demodulation significant.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention is exactly for the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of distributed fiberoptic sensor based on excited Brillouin slow light effect is provided, this sensor regulates the mistiming of pump light and probe light by an adjustable double pulse producer is set, and then control the position that the two meets in sensor fibre, realize Distributed Detection, compared to existing sensor, there is system architecture simple, the advantage that equipment cost is low.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method for sensing based on above-mentioned distributed fiberoptic sensor.There is by detection the delay that the laser of excited Brillouin slow light effect is propagated in optical fiber in this method for sensing, can from time domain, carry out the demodulation of transducing signal, has that demodulation speed is fast, technology realizes the feature of being easy to.
Object of the present invention realizes by following technical scheme: the distributed fiberoptic sensor based on excited Brillouin slow light effect, comprise LASER Light Source, fiber coupler, sensor fibre, pumping end electrooptic modulator, sound end electrooptic modulator, adjustable double pulse producer and signal acquisition process module, the laser that wherein LASER Light Source is sent is divided into two-way through fiber coupler, wherein a road is incided in sensor fibre after pumping end electrooptic modulator, and another road is incided in sensor fibre after the modulation of sound end electrooptic modulator; Described adjustable double pulse producer is connected with pumping end electrooptic modulator, sound end electrooptic modulator respectively, for controlling the two pump light pulse of inciding sensor fibre and the incidence time of probe optical pulse; Described signal acquisition process module is connected with adjustable double pulse producer, for gathering the retardation that produces the probe light after Brillouin's slow light effect, and then obtains the residing environmental parameter of current optical fiber, completes detection.By this structure of adjustable double pulse producer is set, can control from pumping end electrooptic modulator, the pump light of these two electrooptic modulator outgoing of sound end electrooptic modulator and the mistiming of probe light, thereby control the position that they meet in sensor fibre, produce Brillouin's slow light effect, cause probe light to be delayed, signal acquisition process module can realize Distributed Detection by the retardation of acquisition probe light.
Concrete, described distributed fiberoptic sensor also comprises Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA), optical fiber circulator, photelectric receiver, the laser that described LASER Light Source is sent is after fiber coupler, wherein a road enters pumping end electrooptic modulator and obtains pulse pump light, then pulse pump light enters Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) and amplifies, and then through optical fiber circulator, incides in sensor fibre; Described optical fiber circulator is connected with signal acquisition process module by photelectric receiver.
Concrete, described distributed fiberoptic sensor also comprises Polarization Controller, sinusoidal signal generator, frequency displacement electrooptic modulator, optical fiber filter, fibre optic isolater and scrambler, the laser that described LASER Light Source is sent is after fiber coupler, wherein a road enters frequency displacement electrooptic modulator through Polarization Controller, frequency displacement electrooptic modulator is modulated by sinusoidal signal generator, and the signal after the modulation of frequency displacement electrooptic modulator incides in sensor fibre successively after optical fiber filter, sound end electrooptic modulator, fibre optic isolater and scrambler.
Further, described LASER Light Source is the LASER Light Source that live width is less than 1MHz.Such as single longitudinal mode laser light source etc.
A kind of distributing optical fiber sensing method based on excited Brillouin slow light effect, comprise the following steps: by pumping end electrooptic modulator and sound end electrooptic modulator, control respectively and incide the pump light pulse of sensor fibre and the incidence time of probe optical pulse, allow them at the diverse location of sensor fibre, meet, produce Brillouin's slow light effect, cause probe light to be delayed; Obtain the retardation of probe light; According to the relation of the retardation of probe light and environmental parameter, counter the meet size of the residing environmental parameter of sensor fibre of position of pump light and probe light of releasing.
Concrete, comprise the following steps:
(1) sensor fibre is placed in to environment to be detected, opens LASER Light Source;
(2) laser that LASER Light Source is sent is divided into two-way through fiber coupler, and wherein a road becomes pulse pump light through pumping end electrooptic modulator, and pulse pump light is after Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) amplifies, then process optical fiber circulator incides in sensor fibre; Another road through Polarization Controller, be subject to after the frequency displacement electrooptic modulator of sinusoidal signal generator modulation, there is upshift and downshift, there is the light of frequency displacement after optical fiber filter, the light of upshift and original frequency is filtered, the light of remaining downshift only, the light of downshift converts the other end that pulse probe light incides sensor fibre to after sound end electrooptic modulator, fibre optic isolater and scrambler;
(3) by changing the mistiming of two channel pulses of adjustable double pulse producer, control is from pumping electrooptics modulator and the pump light of these two electrooptic modulator outgoing of probe electrooptic modulator and the mistiming of probe light, thus the position that control pump light and probe light meet in sensor fibre;
(4) pump light and probe light meet on sensor fibre, there is Brillouin's slower rays phenomenon, the probe light being delayed enters photelectric receiver through optical fiber circulator, photelectric receiver carries out by signal acquisition process module, being received after opto-electronic conversion, the trigger end of signal acquisition process module receives the synchronizing signal that adjustable double pulse producer sends simultaneously, by this synchronizing signal as time reference, calculate the time quantum that probe light is delayed, thereby the anti-residing environmental parameter of sensor fibre of releasing, realizes optical fiber and detects.
Concrete, in described step (2), the frequency shift amount that upshift and downshift occur signal after frequency displacement electrooptic modulator equals the frequency of operation of sinusoidal signal generator, and the frequency of operation of sinusoidal signal generator is set as Brillouin shift amount in sensor fibre.
Compared with prior art, tool has the following advantages and beneficial effect in the present invention:
1, in the present invention, pump light and probe light are all pulsed lights, control their outgoing time and just can control the position that they meet in sensor fibre, can realize easily the emphasis monitoring to some emphasis position in optical fiber.
2, in the present invention, utilizing Brillouin's slow light effect to realize detects.The demodulation of signal is to realize in time domain by the time delay of measuring probe light.And traditional distributed Brillouin's signal demodulation realizes on frequency domain, it is very difficult that high resolution spectrum at a high speed detects, and is a difficult problem for the distributed Brillouin's system of restriction commercialization always.The present invention realizes signal demodulation in time domain, can greatly reduce this difficulty, is more conducive to promote the use of.
3, in the present invention, utilize Brillouin's slow light effect to reduce the speed that light is propagated in optical fiber, improved the perception of optical fiber to surrounding environment, improved systematic survey sensitivity.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of apparatus of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited to this.
Embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 1, the distributed fiberoptic sensor of the present embodiment based on excited Brillouin slow light effect, comprises single longitudinal mode laser light source 1,2,3 electrooptic modulators of fiber coupler (pumping end electrooptic modulator 3, sound end electrooptic modulator 11, frequency displacement electrooptic modulator 8), Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) 4, optical fiber circulator 5, sensor fibre 6, Polarization Controller 7, sinusoidal signal generator 9, optical fiber filter 10, fibre optic isolater 12, scrambler 13, photelectric receiver 14, signal acquisition process module 15, adjustable double pulse producer 16.Wherein, the light input end mouth of single longitudinal mode laser light source 1, Polarization Controller 7, pumping end electrooptic modulator 3 is connected with fiber coupler 2 respectively; The pump signal delivery outlet 16-3 of the electrical input mouth of pumping end electrooptic modulator 3 and adjustable double pulse producer 16 is connected; The optical output port of pumping end electrooptic modulator 3 is connected with the input port of Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) 4; The port 5-1 of the output port of Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) 4 and optical fiber circulator 5 is connected, and the port 5-2 of optical fiber circulator 5 is connected with sensor fibre 6, and the port 5-3 of optical fiber circulator 5 is connected with the input port of photelectric receiver 14; The output port of photelectric receiver 14 is connected with signal acquisition process module 15; The trigger pip output port 16-2 that the electricity of signal acquisition process module 15 triggers port and adjustable double pulse producer 16 is connected.The light input end mouth of Polarization Controller 7 and frequency displacement electrooptic modulator 8 is connected, and the electrical input mouth of frequency displacement electrooptic modulator 8 is connected with sinusoidal signal generator 9, and the optical output port of frequency displacement electrooptic modulator 8 is connected with optical fiber filter 10; The light input end mouth of optical fiber filter 10 and sound end electrooptic modulator 11 is connected; The probe light signal output 16-1 of the electrical input mouth of sound end electrooptic modulator 11 and adjustable double pulse producer 16 is connected, and the delivery outlet of sound end electrooptic modulator 11 is connected with fibre optic isolater 12; Fibre optic isolater 12 is connected with scrambler 13, and scrambler 13 is connected with sensor fibre 6.
Described in the present embodiment, sensor adopts following method for sensing: by pumping end electrooptic modulator and sound end electrooptic modulator, controlled respectively and incided the pump light pulse of sensor fibre and the incidence time of probe optical pulse, allow them at the diverse location of sensor fibre, meet, produce Brillouin's slow light effect, cause probe light to be delayed; Obtain the retardation of probe light; According to the relation of the retardation of probe light and environmental parameter, counter the meet size of the residing environmental parameter of sensor fibre of position of pump light and probe light of releasing.
Concrete, comprise the following steps:
(1) sensor fibre 6 is placed in to environment to be detected, opens single longitudinal mode laser light source 1.
(2) laser that single longitudinal mode laser light source 1 sends is divided into two-way through fiber coupler 2, wherein a road becomes pulse pump light through pumping end electrooptic modulator 3, pulse pump light is after Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) 4 amplifies, then process optical fiber circulator 5 incides in sensor fibre 6; Another road through Polarization Controller 7, be subject to, after the frequency displacement electrooptic modulator 8 of sinusoidal signal generator 9 modulation, upshift and downshift to occur.Frequency shift amount equals the frequency of operation of sinusoidal signal generator 9, and the frequency of operation of sinusoidal signal generator 9 is set as Brillouin shift amount in sensor fibre 6.The light of frequency displacement occurs after optical fiber filter 10, the light of upshift and original frequency is filtered, only the light of remaining downshift.The light of downshift converts the other end that pulse probe light incides sensor fibre to after sound end electrooptic modulator 11, fibre optic isolater 12 and scrambler 13.
(3) pumping electrooptics modulator 3 and probe electrooptic modulator 11 are controlled by adjustable double pulse producer 16 all.By changing the mistiming of 16 two channel pulses of adjustable double pulse producer, can control from the mistiming of pump light and the probe light of these two electrooptic modulator outgoing, thereby control the position that they meet in sensor fibre 6.
(4) pump light and probe light meet on sensor fibre 6, and Brillouin's slower rays phenomenon occurs, and the met residing environmental parameter of sensor fibre 6 of position of the time that probe light is delayed affects.The probe light being delayed enters photelectric receiver 14 through optical fiber circulator 5, photelectric receiver 14 carries out by signal acquisition process module 15, being received after opto-electronic conversion, and the trigger end of signal acquisition process module 15 receives the synchronizing signal that adjustable double pulse producer 16 sends simultaneously.By this synchronizing signal, as time reference, calculate the time quantum that probe light is delayed, thereby the anti-residing environmental parameter of sensor fibre 6 of releasing realizes optical fiber and detects.
In the present embodiment, single longitudinal mode laser light source 1, fiber coupler 2, 3 electrooptic modulator (pumping end electrooptic modulators 3, sound end electrooptic modulator 11, frequency displacement electrooptic modulator 8), Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) 4, optical fiber circulator 5, sensor fibre 6, Polarization Controller 7, sinusoidal signal generator 9, optical fiber filter 10, fibre optic isolater 12, scrambler 13, photelectric receiver 14, signal acquisition process module 15, adjustable double pulse producer 16, be existing matured product, the function of utilizing these existing products to have, system described in the present embodiment building, traditional distributed Brillouin's signal demodulation can be transformed into frequency domain from time domain, therefore greatly reduce the technical difficulty of system signal demodulation, and save the demodulation time, there is larger application value.
Simultaneously, method for sensing described in the present embodiment is the algorithm based on " by Brillouin's slower rays retardation computing environment parameter " in prior art, although this algorithm is prior art, but this algorithm is applied to distributed fiberoptic sensor, carries out sensing and there is no research, so the method for sensing that the present embodiment is realized on the basis based on the sensor device is to have important practical value equally.
Above-described embodiment is preferably embodiment of the present invention; but embodiments of the present invention are not restricted to the described embodiments; other any do not deviate from change, the modification done under Spirit Essence of the present invention and principle, substitutes, combination, simplify; all should be equivalent substitute mode, within being included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. the distributed fiberoptic sensor based on excited Brillouin slow light effect, it is characterized in that, comprise LASER Light Source, fiber coupler, sensor fibre, pumping end electrooptic modulator, sound end electrooptic modulator, adjustable double pulse producer and signal acquisition process module, the laser that wherein LASER Light Source is sent is divided into two-way through fiber coupler, wherein a road is incided in sensor fibre after pumping end electrooptic modulator, and another road is incided in sensor fibre after the modulation of sound end electrooptic modulator; Described adjustable double pulse producer is connected with pumping end electrooptic modulator, sound end electrooptic modulator respectively, for controlling the two pump light pulse of inciding sensor fibre and the incidence time of probe optical pulse; Described signal acquisition process module is connected with adjustable double pulse producer, for gathering the retardation that produces the probe light after Brillouin's slow light effect, and then obtains the residing environmental parameter of current optical fiber, completes detection.
2. the distributed fiberoptic sensor based on excited Brillouin slow light effect according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described distributed fiberoptic sensor also comprises Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA), optical fiber circulator, photelectric receiver, the laser that described LASER Light Source is sent is after fiber coupler, wherein a road enters pumping end electrooptic modulator and obtains pulse pump light, then pulse pump light enters Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) and amplifies, and then through optical fiber circulator, incides in sensor fibre; Described optical fiber circulator is connected with signal acquisition process module by photelectric receiver.
3. the distributed fiberoptic sensor based on excited Brillouin slow light effect according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, described distributed fiberoptic sensor also comprises Polarization Controller, sinusoidal signal generator, frequency displacement electrooptic modulator, optical fiber filter, fibre optic isolater and scrambler, the laser that described LASER Light Source is sent is after fiber coupler, wherein a road enters frequency displacement electrooptic modulator through Polarization Controller, frequency displacement electrooptic modulator is modulated by sinusoidal signal generator, signal after the modulation of frequency displacement electrooptic modulator is successively through optical fiber filter, sound end electrooptic modulator, after fibre optic isolater and scrambler, incide in sensor fibre.
4. the distributed fiberoptic sensor based on excited Brillouin slow light effect according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described LASER Light Source is the LASER Light Source that live width is less than 1MHz.
5. the distributing optical fiber sensing method based on excited Brillouin slow light effect, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
By pumping end electrooptic modulator and sound end electrooptic modulator, control respectively and incide the pump light pulse of sensor fibre and the incidence time of probe optical pulse, allow them at the diverse location of sensor fibre, meet, produce Brillouin's slow light effect, cause probe light to be delayed;
Obtain the retardation of probe light;
According to the relation of the retardation of probe light and environmental parameter, counter the meet value of the residing environmental parameter of sensor fibre of position of pump light and probe light of releasing.
6. the distributing optical fiber sensing method based on excited Brillouin slow light effect according to claim 5, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) sensor fibre is placed in to environment to be detected, opens LASER Light Source;
(2) laser that LASER Light Source is sent is divided into two-way through fiber coupler, and wherein a road becomes pulse pump light through pumping end electrooptic modulator, and pulse pump light is after Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) amplifies, then process optical fiber circulator incides in sensor fibre; Another road through Polarization Controller, be subject to after the frequency displacement electrooptic modulator of sinusoidal signal generator modulation, there is upshift and downshift, there is the light of frequency displacement after optical fiber filter, the light of upshift and original frequency is filtered, the light of remaining downshift only, the light of downshift converts the other end that pulse probe light incides sensor fibre to after sound end electrooptic modulator, fibre optic isolater and scrambler;
(3) by changing the mistiming of two channel pulses of adjustable double pulse producer, control is from pumping electrooptics modulator and the pump light of these two electrooptic modulator outgoing of probe electrooptic modulator and the mistiming of probe light, thus the position that control pump light and probe light meet in sensor fibre;
(4) pump light and probe light meet on sensor fibre, there is Brillouin's slower rays phenomenon, the probe light being delayed enters photelectric receiver through optical fiber circulator, photelectric receiver carries out by signal acquisition process module, being received after opto-electronic conversion, the trigger end of signal acquisition process module receives the synchronizing signal that adjustable double pulse producer sends simultaneously, by this synchronizing signal as time reference, calculate the time quantum that probe light is delayed, thereby the anti-residing environmental parameter of sensor fibre of releasing, realizes optical fiber and detects.
7. the distributing optical fiber sensing method based on excited Brillouin slow light effect according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, in described step (2), the frequency shift amount that upshift and downshift occur signal after frequency displacement electrooptic modulator equals the frequency of operation of sinusoidal signal generator, and the frequency of operation of sinusoidal signal generator is set as Brillouin shift amount in sensor fibre.
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