CN103534993A

CN103534993A - Label switched routing to connect low power network domains

Info

Publication number: CN103534993A
Application number: CN201280023606.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: W.哈达德; J.哈尔佩恩; S.查克拉巴蒂
Original assignee: Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB
Current assignee: Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB
Priority date: 2011-05-13
Filing date: 2012-05-03
Publication date: 2014-01-22
Anticipated expiration: 2032-05-03
Also published as: EP2708001B1; WO2012156852A1; US20120287932A1; EP2708001A1; CN103534993B; US8743879B2

Abstract

A network element is described. In one embodiment includes receiving a packet from the host in the first domain at the network element in the first domain, the packet including a destination address to the host in the second domain, the destination address being formed by replacing an Interface Identifier of an IP address by a second domain label and a shortened Media Access Control (MAC) address, the second domain label identifying the second domain. A routing label and the shortened MAC address are attached to the received packet, and the packet is sent on a label switched path indicated by the label to the second domain.

Description

Connect the tag changeable path in low-power network territory by selecting

cross reference to related application

The application requires the name of submission on May 13rd, 2011 to be called the rights and interests of the U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/486100 of " Applying MPLS to the Internet of Things-Tackling the 6LoWPAN Case ", and this application is hereby combined by reference.

Technical field

Embodiments of the invention relate in the field of routing packets between same area not, and more particularly, relate to routing packets between low-power network territory to save power.

Background technology

" Internet of Things " is (IoT) a kind of typical case of rapid appearance, and except other, it has introduced novel internet endpoint.IoT circle, even disposal ability is limited, the power of battery is little, memory is little and networking and serve dingus limited in one's ability and also can become end points.Its most of life time of these dingus can be spent in hibernate mode.This type of small-power IoT device can be assigned far-ranging task, as responds to its direct different elements or factor around.If keep low-cost, can dispose in a large number them and cover wide geographic area.Except other, such device is also proposed in automation in office and the environment of plant and entertainment applications and uses.

In addition, by using Internet Protocol, can expect that these dingus find and configure crucial networking parameter voluntarily, these parameters will be authorized their member relations in specific region, and make them can reply at any time the inquiry that local and remote device sends.In some cases, the quantity of response can significantly increase, and this can increase the burden of Route Selection infrastructure again.This Route Selection infrastructure also can be formed by the power device that is tied.

For reducing power and the processing demands on this newtype dingus, IETF(internet engineering task group) 6LoWPAN(IPv6 low-power wireless personal area network, IEEE 802.15.4) working group introduces IPv6 Neighbor Discovery Protocol will optimize.Optimize and comprise addressing mechanism and duplicate address detection stateless compression agreement and other improvement.The exploitation of result not only can be used in utmost point low-power device, and can be used in any device of paying attention to reducing in-flight time, power consumption or processing resource.

Summary of the invention

In one embodiment of the invention, a kind of method is carried out by network element so that the described main frame in the first territory that grouping is arranged in from main frame is routed to the main frame in the territory of the second connection, each territory has a plurality of main frames that the public network element by corresponding field connects, and this network element is connected to the second territory in described the first territory and by label switched path.Said method comprising the steps of: the described network element in the first territory receives the grouping from the main frame in the first territory, described grouping is included in the destination-address of main frame in the second territory, described destination-address forms by the interface identifier of IP address being replaced by media access control (MAC) address of the second territory label and shortening, second territory tag identifier the second territory; Resolve the grouping of reception to determine the destination of dividing into groups described in the second territory, and based on destination-address, the MAC Address of Route Selection label and shortening is attached to the grouping of reception, Route Selection label is indicated to the path in the second territory, and the MAC Address shortening is indicated the destination host in the second territory; And send to the second territory by being grouped in described in the MAC Address of the Route Selection label with attached and shortening on the label switched path of this label indication.

In another embodiment of the present invention, a kind of network element for using in the first territory that is connected to the second territory by label switched path has been described, each territory has a plurality of main frames that the public network element by corresponding field connects, wherein, this network element operation is so that by grouping, the main frame from the first territory is routed to the main frame in the second territory.This network element comprises: inlet module, operation is to receive the grouping from the main frame in the first territory at this network element, the grouping receiving comprises the destination-address of main frame in the second territory, described destination-address is by being replaced by the interface identifier of IP address the MAC(media access control of the second territory label and shortening) address forms, second territory tag identifier the second territory; Processor, operation with the grouping of resolving reception based on destination-address to determine the destination of dividing into groups in the second territory, and the MAC Address of Route Selection label and shortening is attached to the grouping of reception, Route Selection label is indicated to the path in the second territory, and the MAC Address shortening is indicated the destination host in the second territory; And outlet module, operation is sending to the second territory with being grouped in described in destination-address and Route Selection label on the label switched path of this label indication.

In another embodiment of the present invention, a kind of method is performed to the main frame of grouping from the first territory is routed to the main frame in the territory of the second connection in network element, each territory has a plurality of main frames that the public network element by corresponding field connects, and this network element is connected to the first territory in the second territory and by label switched path.Said method comprising the steps of: the described network element in the second territory is by the network element in the first territory, by label switched path, receive the grouping from the main frame in the first territory, described grouping comprises the attached destination label of indicating the second territory and the MAC Address of indicating the attached shortening of destination host in the second territory; Use the MAC Address shortening to determine destination host; Remove the MAC Address of attached destination label and attached shortening; And described grouping is sent to definite destination host.

In another embodiment of the present invention, a kind of network element for using in the second territory that is connected to the first territory by label switched path has been described, each territory has a plurality of main frames that the public network element by corresponding field connects, wherein, this network element operation is so that by grouping, the network element from the first territory is routed to the main frame in the second territory.This network element comprises: inlet module, operation is to pass through the network element in the first territory at described network element, by label switched path, receive the grouping from main frame in the first territory, described grouping comprises the second attached territory label that identifies the second territory and the MAC Address of indicating the attached shortening of destination host in the second territory; Processor, operation to be to determine destination host by the MAC Address of shortening, and removes the MAC Address of the second attached territory label and attached shortening; And outlet module, operation is to send to definite destination host by described grouping.

In another embodiment of the present invention, in the network element of a kind of method in the first territory, be performed to route the packet to the main frame in the territory of the second connection, each territory has by a plurality of main frames of the common router connection of corresponding field, this network element, in the first territory and by the router of corresponding field, is used label switched path to be connected to the second territory.Said method comprising the steps of: the described network element in the first territory generates the grouping for the main frame in the second territory, described grouping is included in the destination-address of main frame in the second territory, described destination-address forms by the interface identifier of IP address being replaced by media access control (MAC) address of the second territory label and shortening, second territory tag identifier the second territory; And described grouping is sent to the router in the first territory.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the network element of a kind of method in the first territory carried out to route the packet to the main frame in the territory of the second connection, each territory has by a plurality of main frames of the common router connection of corresponding field, this network element, in the first territory and by the router of corresponding field, is used label switched path to be connected to the second territory.Said method comprising the steps of: the described network element in the first territory generates the grouping for the main frame in the second territory, described grouping is included in the destination-address of main frame in the second territory, described destination-address forms by the interface identifier of IP address being replaced by media access control (MAC) address of the second territory label and shortening, second territory tag identifier the second territory; And described grouping is sent to the router in the first territory.

In another embodiment of the present invention, network element in a kind of the first territory has been described, operation is to route the packet to the main frame in the territory of the second connection, each territory has a plurality of main frames that the common router by corresponding field connects, and the router of this network element in the first territory and by corresponding field is connected to the second territory.Described network element comprises: processor, operation generates the grouping for the second territory main frame with the described network element in the first territory, described grouping is included in the destination-address of main frame in the second territory, described destination-address forms by the interface identifier of IP address being replaced by media access control (MAC) address of the second territory label and shortening, second territory tag identifier the second territory; And outlet module, operation is to send to the router in the first territory by described grouping.

Therefore, various embodiment of the present invention can be used simpler addressing and optionally larger pay(useful) load, between the main frame in heterogeneous networks territory, realize low power communication.

Accompanying drawing explanation

By the description with reference to below with for the accompanying drawing of the embodiment of the present invention is shown, can understand best the present invention.In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is according to one embodiment of the invention, by label switched path, by edge router, connects to allow the figure in the heterogeneous networks territory that main frame and the main frame in another territory in a territory communicate;

Fig. 2 is according to the block diagram of the mainframe network element of one embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 3 is according to the block diagram of the router network element of one embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 4 is according to one embodiment of the invention, is illustrated in the simplified signaling figure of the source and destination way address of different nodes;

Fig. 5 is according to one embodiment of the invention, and the edge router by grouping from the first territory is routed to the process flow diagram of the edge router in the second territory;

Fig. 6 is the Packet routing that the edge router from the first territory received at the edge router in the second territory to the process flow diagram of the main frame in the second territory; And

Fig. 7 is according to one embodiment of the invention, by edge router, the main frame dividing into groups from a territory is sent to the process flow diagram of the main frame in another territory.

Embodiment

In the following description, many specific detail have been stated.Yet, it being understood that put into practice embodiments of the invention can be without these specific detail.In other cases, known circuit, structure and technology do not show in detail in order to avoid obscure the understanding to this description.

In specification, quoting of " embodiment ", " embodiment ", " example embodiment " etc. referred to described embodiment can comprise special characteristic, structure or characteristic, but each embodiment can not necessarily comprise special characteristic, structure or characteristic.In addition, this type of word identical embodiment of definiteness that differs.In addition, in conjunction with real certain when executing example and describing certain special characteristic, structure or characteristic, think that in conjunction with other embodiment no matter whether clearly describing, realizing this category feature, structure or characteristic is within those skilled in the art's cognition.

In description and claim below, can use term " coupling " and " connection " and derivatives thereof.Should be understood that these terms are not intended to conduct synonym each other." coupling " is used to indicate direct physical mutually or electrically contacts or direct physical or two or more elements of electrically contacting cooperate mutually or alternately not." connection " is used to indicate the foundation of communicating by letter between two or more elements that intercouple.

Multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) is a kind of Route Selection infrastructure, and it can use the router that is tied to form so that minimise data grouping dimension (size) and can realize on-demand business engineering.In one embodiment of the invention, a small amount of query node being distributed in specific geographical area is used short media access control layer (MAC) address and MPLS label that inquiry is sent to one or more transducers.The selection of label can be depended at the service quality of these special time needs (QoS).

Although the average bandwidth for sensor network is extremely low, cause the event of many transducer reports can cause the rapid growth to bandwidth demand.For example, if there is unexpected problem on bridger, or in special area, there is unexpected weather alert, a large amount of transducers report immediately possibly, and those reports may be received with high confidence level.These events are major impetus of the processed of quick bandwidth acquisition and change.The combination of described short MAC Address and label herein can solve qos requirement and without other signaling message, and has eliminated the needs that carry ipv6 header in packet.

6LowPAN can be used the variation from the Internet Protocol of IPv 6 (IIPv6), realizes end-to-end data flow.When can keeping from central server it and for great network, it being expanded, it has reduced the use of code and memory.Protocol stack comprises application layer, UDP(User Datagram Protoco (UDP)) and ICMP(Internet Control Message Protocol) layer, IPv6 layer, the access control of MAC(media revised) layer and PHY(physics) layer.

Fig. 1 is the figure communicating by letter between a plurality of networks that link together by edge router.Standard architecture for 6LoWPAN is end network (stub network).This is for example shown end network 101,102,103,104,105 in Fig. 1.Each end network has edge router ER1, ER2, ER3, ER4, ER5 to allow the node of access outside its corresponding network.In each end network, can there be main frame and router.Main frame can communicate mutually by router, and router can communicate with other router and main frame.

The particular architecture of Fig. 1 is illustrated to simplify the disclosure.Embodiments of the invention may be used on other network configuration, and other network configuration is used a more than edge router and from the entrance and exit of other form is provided in particular network.

End network as shown in Figure 1 only communicates with other end network, yet edge router also can provide and be connected to other network and device.In LoWPAN, simple network provides the connection of arriving other router by back haul link, and supports internet and the connection of arriving other router and server.In expansion LoWPAN, backbone links interconnects edge router, and edge router is connected to other router and server.These configurations can be used for the network of connection layout 1 to other device.Network also can be used connection and the configuration outside LoWPAN to be connected to other device.

Refer again to Fig. 1, the network 101 of the leftmost side has such as routers such as R1 with such as main frames such as host As.Each main frame has complete IPv6 address and the domain addresses for end network.Main frame can be the device of any type, and these devices can be benefited from the power consumption reducing.In one example, main frame is the smoke detector in aging forest (old growth forest), waits for fire in idle mode.Yet, the described constructed device that desktop computer, peripheral hardware, portable music player and any other Wi-Fi enable that also can be applied to herein.Main frame also can be provided as special low-power mode by LoWPAN or 6LoWPAN, and thereby operation (this depends on specific environment and communicating by letter of will carrying out) in other wireless mode when needed.Main frame also can be used as the router in territory, and router also can be used as main frame.

According to 6LoWPAN, each main frame uses the revision of IPv6 Neighbor Discovery Protocol to make main frame can configure and register its IPv6 and media access control (MAC) address.Due to the large scale of ipv6 header, 6LoWPAN is used powerful stateless compression algorithm to carrying more information in carrying the reserved a small amount of space of useful data.By use more power in processor, compression algorithm is also with the wireless power consumption of little cost minimization.

Table 1 is shown in a general configuration of the grouping of using appointment in 6LoWAPAN by complete header.Grouping is corresponding to a complete 802.15.4 frame of 127 bytes,

21B	1B	40B	8B	53B	4B
						MAC	L	IPv6	UDP	Pay(useful) load	FCS

Table 1.

In table 1, used complete MAC Address, be the abstract header of LoWPAN (L) defining in 802.15.5 afterwards, be complete IPv6 address and datagram protocol (UDP) header afterwards.While using Frame Check Sequence (FCS), for pay(useful) load leaves 53 bytes.Although the packet configuration of table 1 is supported IPv6 completely, less than half grouping, can be used for pay(useful) load.Grouping is tied dimensionally so that the power consumption of radio transmitting device in reduction system.In order to allow to transmit more pay(useful) load in frame still less, 6LoWPAN provides the following header in the shortening shown in table 2,

9B	2B	4B	108B	4B
					MAC	L	UDP	Pay(useful) load	FCS

Table 2.

In table 2, to compare with 21 common bytes, the MAC Address of the shortening of 9 bytes or 72 bits is used together with the abstract header of 2 longer bytes and the 4B UDP of shortening.This allows the pay(useful) load over twice.Therefore, data can send by the frame of half, and transmit main frame and can close quickly or sleep, and generally reduce power consumption and reduce the power that radio transmitting device consumes.

The 9 byte MAC Address that shorten are not or not all unique throughout, but be expected in the LoWPAN network that edge router is connected to, are unique.Therefore,, although the address packets shortening can be used in LoWPAN network, for the communication outside the home network of main frame, must use long MAC Address.Main frame will know that destination node is whether in its LoWPAN network, and depending on it be in this network or outside and use suitable address format to arrive node.Edge router will only be seen address and routing packets correspondingly.Therefore the improvement that, the address of shortening provides may be not useable for the message of many main frames.

If be arranged in the main frame of different 6LoWPAN, want to communicate, can revise the operation of LoWPAN network to allow the benefit of low-power use.For example, the inquiry host A that is arranged in specific 6LoWPAN region 101 may be asked from being arranged in one or more transducers in different 6LoWPAN region 105 or the particular data of actuator B.In such cases, host configuration comprises the destination-address of its source address, B and the grouping of pay(useful) load.Grouping is sent to edge router ER1 to be forwarded to the edge router in the LoWPAN network of B.

For arriving edge router, main frame only requires identifier unique in its territory.Edge router is known territory and can be identified to the main frame of any external device (ED).In one embodiment of the invention, edge router, by only using IPv6 address, sends to edge router by grouping, and only use 16 than ultrashort MAC Address to show own identity to its edge router.

Table 3 illustrates standard I Pv6 address, wherein, and Route Selection prefix marked network, the subnet in the network of subnet ID sign Route Selection prefix, and the node in interface ID marked network.Interface ID is generally 64 bit MAC Address.These fields together not only uniquely identification nodes whether be source node or destination node, and the resident network of identification nodes,

48 bits	16 bits	64 bits
			Route Selection prefix	Subnet ID	Interface ID

Table 3.

Table 4 illustrates the local IPv6 of link address, and wherein, interface ID is identical, but network identity is replaced by and only has hexadecimal value fe80:: the local prefix of link.Because grouping rests in network and subnet, therefore, do not use Route Selection prefix and subnet ID,

10 bits	54 bits	64 bits
			The local prefix of link	Zero	Interface ID

Table 4.

Do not use this extended address, but create shorter address, wherein, interface ID is replaced by and comprises the more address of the data of much less.16 bit MAC Address are for the unique address of the main frame in territory.This address can be the censoring version of node 64 bit MAC Address, or it can be to be assigned by router, and node is selected or the unique value of configuration in neighbours find.Multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) label is the short label of identification field.As described in, it can time follow MPLS standard in expectation, however the label of any other type can be used as alternative.Shorter address shown in table 5,

10 bits	54 bits	28 bits	20 bits	16 bits
					The local prefix of link	Zero	Zero	MPLS	MAC

Table 5.

For the actual physics layer by air interface, transmit, can compress the address of shortening.For communicating by letter of carrying out with other territory of agreeing to use 20 bit levels, can be by address compression to the form shown in table 6,

20 bits	16 bits
		MPLS	MAC

Table 6.

For the communication in territory, the address that comprises source and destination way address further can also be compressed to form shown in table 7.Similarly, if the node in territory forms grouping to send to the node in another territory, destination node is by sign object region as shown in table 6.Yet, for being conducive to the edge router in territory, source address can be constrained to table 7 form.The address format of these shortenings can greatly reduce for main frame and for the power consumption of router,

16 bits
	MAC

Table 7.

For realizing the as above interface ID of the shortening of suggestion, edge router operation MPLS is not to forward grouping between same area.Although use MPLS in described embodiment, can use other tag system or short address form.MPLS provides short domain addresses and standard set to communicate between territory.For this reason, each edge router has 20 unique bit MPLS labels.This label is shorter than standard MPLS label.

For setting up addressing, each edge router is to all nodes and its 20 bit of router advertisement MPLS label in its own territory.This then be advertisement IPv6 prefix.MPLS label can be assigned in advance by central entities, and central entities also can be in remote location or telecommunication network.Central entities also can be calculated label switched path (LSP) and build transmitting for LSP.Subsequently, can just transmit and outwards be pushed to each edge router.This configuration can be used different radio networked systems to carry out, as Wi-Fi, satellite or cellular radio block data system.For example, the remote entity with the perfect knowledge of 6LoWPAN territory topology can calculate all paths, fill routing table, and by wireless cellular network, routing table is pushed to ER and does not use the resource of link between MPLS signaling system top edge router.

Each node is intercepted the advertisement of edge router, and knows the 20 bit MPLS labels for territory.For allowing to communicate with other territory, node can be furnished with and the label that is connected to home domain or allows in other cases the edge router in the territory that they communicate with it to be associated in advance.Alternative, node can obtain this outfit from edge router.

Except the label for other territory, for main frame provides the short MAC Address of main frame in other territory.These MAC Address can be prewired or be provided by edge router.Each overseas short MAC Address is associated with the label for another territory.

In one embodiment, there are the several query nodes that are dispersed in each territory.These nodes are just known the node for the label in other territory.These nodes can be collected information by other node from territory, and this information is forwarded to other territory.Similarly, also can be limited in the Host List in other territory.Therefore, allow only one or several main frame in host query and another territory of response.This has preserved memory resource, and also lovely and in improving fail safe.

Edge router be kept for allowing with its territory in the entry of All hosts in other territory of communicating of main frame.It is also kept for the list of all short MAC Address of main frame in its territory.Each main frame has an entry in the cache memory of associated edge router, and this entry is bound its long and short MAC Address and its territory label and corresponding application.

In one embodiment, node is only used 16 than ultrashort MAC Address, in territory, to communicate.Between territory, use label and MPLS Route Selection.Query node and response main frame can use territory label and the mutual addressing of short MAC Address for destination-address.Each main frame can the label based on receiving in router advertisement (RA) message configures its oneself IPv6 link local address.Each RA can advertisement its oneself label rather than advertisement 64 bit IPv6 prefixes, label can be used to be configured for the interface identifier of source address subsequently together with 16 bit short addresses.

Refer again to Fig. 1, in a territory 101, query node (A) sends message to the host node (B) in same area 105 not.In the embodiment shown, query node can not be directly and edge router communicate, therefore, it sends a message to the local router R1 in the first territory 101.This request is routed device understanding for to be addressed to overseas destination, and therefore, router is forwarded to the edge router ER1 for this territory by message.

As shown in Figure 1, from the message of query node A, carry the source address of 16 bits.This is short address as shown in table 7.Destination-address is 36 bits as shown in table 6 and forms together with 16 bit short addresses of the 20 bit labels for object region and destination.Position of host machine and identity in this 36 bit addresses sign assigned address, that is, the IID=MPLS label of main frame | 16 bit MAC.Compression module in query node is considered as the whole destination-address prefix of the leftmost side 28 bits of 64 bit IPv6 source IID in can removal table 3.These addresses can be formatted as in other cases uses the address of these shortenings as the IPv6 packet of interface identifier.

After forwarding a packet to edge router ER1, it checks the leftmost side 20 bit labels and definite down hop in destination-address interface identifier.From destination-address label, the object region 105 of its recognition purpose ground node.Use it to transmit, it can determine the suitable path of object region subsequently, as LSP.In Fig. 1, Shi Dao territory, path 102, then arrives territory 104 and then to territory 105.There is the alternative path in 104，Dao territory, 102，Dao territory, territory 105.Then one of edge router selecting paths is that this message apposition (prepend) is for the label in territory 102.The label indication down hop for dividing into groups, and the edge router edge router for territory 105 at ER5(subsequently) upper this message that forwards of LSP of the selection that stops.

In one embodiment, use MPLS process to send the message with its MPLS packing (wrapper).MPLS can combine with Local or Remote path computation element (PCE), with relatively low cost, provides effectively traffic engineered.PCE can be used different parameters such as battery power, business load, warning, and these parameters can regularly send to central entities to generate best route by edge router.

Origination message from host query node is not affected by edge router.Edge router reads destination-address and adds subsequently label routing and select as the packing for origination message.If use the standard for MPLS, label routing selects to be attached to origination message and the down hop in its identification sources router, destination router and path.These signs are all provided as label rather than IP address.In one embodiment, label is the 20 all bit labels that remote central entity is assigned.

When this message arrives for the edge router ER5 of object region, destination router is prepared to send to from edge router the grouping of destination node in territory.First, it removes packing and all associated tag and routing information.In addition, it revised residue message before continuing to forward the message to host B.

In order to allow Receiving Host B identification sources node, edge router inserts the label for territory, source the interface identifier of host A.Host B subsequently can be by territory label and the short MAC Address sign host A thereof of host A.By using this information, host B can be applied complete interface identifier and arrive address table to generate the complete IPv6 address of host A.

Edge router can obtain the label for territory, source from packing.As mentioned above, packing is by the label comprising for territory, source.Edge router can read this source label before removing packing, so that it can add this information to the message from host A subsequently.

In addition, edge router is removed its oneself label from the interface identifier of host B.As mentioned above, from the origination message of host A, comprise for the territory label of host B and for the short address of host B.Because this message is now in the territory of host B, therefore, no longer need the label for territory.From the message of host A, remove 20 bit labels and reduced the amount of bits sending by air interface.

Edge router forwards the packet to host B subsequently.As shown in Figure 1, the path from edge router ER5 to host B can comprise other node, as router R5.Host B reads subsequently this message and can use fully identification sources of territory label and short address.In one embodiment, the ipv6 header of host B reconstruct host A is to carry out security verification.

Host A is identified as query node in the above.Host B can respond inquiry after receiving grouping.Reverse path can be used in carry host B response to host A.In brief, host B can generate the grouping with compression addressing.Source address can be simple 16 bit addresses, and the destination-address 36 short bit addresses that can be comprised of object region label and short address.Edge router in territory 105 reads object region label and uses label switched path (LSP) to route the packet to territory 101 when receiving grouping.Can use technology or its modification for MPLS general introduction.

The edge router of object region can be removed all MPLS appositions or packing when receiving grouping before it being sent to destination host node A, and revises described message.By removal, be used for the territory label of destination node and added the territory label for source node, destination node A receives the complete source address information that has minimum data.

Above-mentioned example shown comprises that all nodes of edge router belong to the situation of " device is tied " classification.Yet the present invention is not limited to this.Scheme is particularly suitable for being arranged in the large-scale deployment in the limited region of access to external world.MPLS forwards and allows the bit total amount sending by air interface between edge router significantly to reduce.This has produced again the power consumption of reduction and longer battery life.But, because message keeps the component of IPv6, and all nodes also have complete IPv6 addressing, therefore, still may, from the overseas access host of 6LoWPAN, for example, use domain name system (DNS).

Scheme shown in Fig. 1 is considered end-to-end and point-to-point fail safe.In disposing some situations of a plurality of application, can be by Data classification.In these cases, traffic engineered can be used in of certain form provides most worthy data to be endowed all the time enough assurances of priority, particularly in case of emergency.

Fig. 2, as simplified block diagram, illustrates the example of mainframe network element 201.In Fig. 2, grouping is received by inlet module 203.This can be wired or wireless interface or both (depending on specific implementation).The grouping receiving in inlet module is routed to network processing unit 205, and network processing unit 205 also comprises address storage (store) 211, approved Host List 213 and address compression module 215 except other.Network processing unit is revised input grouping, and generates its oneself grouping to send by outlet module 204.

Mainframe network element 201 uses the address of address storage 211 storages its oneself, for the label in its territory and for other address of node in territory and on overseas network.Except the short-form address of describing in the context of Fig. 1, address storage can comprise the complete IPv6 format address of own for it to other node.This permission realizes complete addressability by main frame.

The list of approved main frame 213 can be provided by edge router, or is provided by edge router by central entities.These main frames can be to be those safe main frames by security protocol mandate.In one embodiment, main frame is limited to particular host and communicates to reduce overall traffic.For the inquiry to listed main frame exterior node, can pass through through authorization host routing packets.Compression module 215 allows as above address compression shown in table 6 and 7.

Fig. 3, as simplified block diagram, illustrates the example of router network element 301.This network element comprises that inlet module 303 is to receive the grouping from other node in its oneself territory or other territory by wired or wireless interface.The grouping receiving is routed to network processing unit, and network processing unit comprises address table 311, label list 313 and routing table 315.Can revise the grouping of reception, and can generate new grouping and send to other router, interchanger and node by outlet module 304 by network processing unit.

Network processing unit can use address table storage for all nodes in its territory and other outside router and the address of node that can communicate with it for it.These addresses can comprise short-form address and the long formal address of standard as shown in table 6 and 7.In addition, in the situation of edge router as shown in Figure 1, address table can be used in memory address mapping or table so that the complete MAC Address of the node in territory is relevant to the short address of appointment.As mentioned above, the node of special domain can have initial IP v6 MAC Address.Edge router can assign short-form address to each node subsequently.Although may can use 16 minimum effective bits of complete MAC Address as short-form MAC Address, can have more than node with identical 16 minimum effective bits.Correspondingly, edge router can assign unique address to arrive each node.

Label list 313 can be used in storage for the label in the label in the territory of edge router and each territory of communicating with it for edge router.Table also can comprise for other label through authorization node with mapping so that label is relevant with complete address.Routing table can be used in the route that stores each other territory into.As mentioned above, such as paths such as LSP, can be stored in each edge router.

Main frame and router network element can comprise than shown in more many assemblies.Router network element also can comprise all information, table and the function that mainframe network element comprises.Although mainframe network element can comprise all information and the table of router network element, at power, be tied or during radio is tied and realizes, may wish to avoid any unnecessary data and configuration information in mainframe network element.The router network element that is shown R1, R2 etc. in Fig. 1 can be modeled after one of Fig. 1 and Fig. 1 or both.

Fig. 4, with signaling diagram form, illustrates as the change in the addressing selecting for Packet routing described in the context of Fig. 1.In the left side of the signaling diagram of Fig. 1, node A generates the grouping with source address and destination-address.Source address is unique 16 bit addresses of 16 bit MAC Address or another appointment.The edge router that this address is addressed to grouping shows the identity of node A.Destination-address adds 16 bit MAC Address by 20 bit labels and forms.The territory of tag identifier destination-address, and 16 bit MAC Address identify the specific node in this territory.

Edge router ER1 receives the grouping from node A, and as shown in the figure, the addressing of grouping is not changed.On the contrary, edge router reads the destination-address of grouping and Route Selection is attached to grouping.Route Selection is comprised of 20 bit labels and the 16 bit MAC Address of destination address.In alternative, routing address comprises the label for the territory of down hop, or uses the label of down hop rather than the label of object region.

Final edge router ER5 directly or by other router receives the grouping from initial edge router ER1, and removes routing information.It revises grouping by 20 bit labels of removal destination node and 20 bit labels of interpolation source node.Final edge router in the end forwards the packet to destination Node B in the territory of edge router subsequently.

As shown in Figure 4, final edge router is known the territory label of source node from routing information.Similarly, initial edge router is known its oneself territory label.In an alternative, initial edge router can be as being the grouping from node A of revising as shown in final edge router.In other words, initial edge router ER1 can remove label from destination-address, and adds territory, source label to source address.Edge router can add routing address subsequently, and forwards the packet to final edge router.This alternative operation of simplifying final edge router, but reduced the robustness in Packet routing selection.Owing to removing a part of source address from the grouping of encapsulation, there is following risk: if pack damagedly, can not forward grouping, because do not have enough information to be left in destination-address.

Shown in Fig. 5, in Fig. 1, be shown the process flow diagram of the operation that the initial edge router of ER1 carries out.501, edge router receives the grouping from host node in its inlet module.503, edge router is resolved the address of grouping to determine the intended destination of the grouping that comprises object region.Edge router also can be used for the definite path of transmitting of object region.

505, based on object region, Route Selection label is attached to grouping.Route Selection label comprises for the label of object region and for the short-form address of destination node in territory.507, along suitable path, grouping is routed to object region from the outlet module of edge router.

Fig. 6 is the transition flow chart that the operation of the final edge router execution that is shown ER5 in Fig. 1 is shown.601, final edge router receives the grouping from the route of source host by label switched path in its inlet module.603, router is used the short-form destination-address of grouping, determines the destination host in its own territory.

605, edge router is prepared grouping to be sent to destination node in its own territory.Its removes Route Selection label, from source node by origination message decapsulation.It also removes object region label from origination message, and territory, attached source label is with identification sources node more completely.607, it sends to the destination node in its own territory by its outlet module by the grouping of modification subsequently.

Fig. 7 sends to the node in same area not by main frame by grouping and the process flow diagram of the operation carried out.701, the data that main frame accumulation will send are as grouping pay(useful) load.The in the situation that of sensor host machine, these data can be the sensing datas of collecting.Described data can comprise the data that the external sensors such as other node from comprising in the territory of main frame are collected.Alternative, described data can be to be replied by destination node, the inquiry of request msg or out of Memory.Alternative, described data can be user data or the user of the data of being responsible for by destination node or carrying is asked.

703, host identification destination node.This operation can be performed before or after accumulation data.705, main frame is identified for the address of destination address.Definite address can be complete 128 bit IPv6 addresses, short-form 72 bit 6LoWPAN addresses, herein described 16 than the address of ultrashort MAC Address or any other applicable form.After determining this address, main frame builds the interface identifier for destination node.In the above example, this address adds that by the short address to node the territory label for node forms.

709, use the interface identifier at 707 structures, source address and the grouping of effective load data generated data of sign sending node.711, the outlet module by main frame sends to edge router by grouping.

The operation of this flow chart and other flow chart is described with reference to the example embodiment of other figure.Yet, should understand, the operation of flow chart can be different by those embodiment from reference to described in these other figures embodiments of the invention carry out, and the embodiments of the invention described in these other figures can be carried out the operation different from those embodiment with reference to described in flow chart with reference to figure.

As described herein, instruction can refer to such as being configured to carry out some operation or having the customized configuration of the hardware such as application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) (ASIC) of the software instruction of storing in predetermined memory functional or that comprise in nonvolatile computer-readable media.Therefore, technology shown in described figure can be used code and/or the data of the upper storage of one or more electronic installations (for example, terminal station, network element) and execution to realize.This type of electronic installation uses computer-readable medium stores and transmission (in inside and/or by network and other electronic installation) code and data, as nonvolatile computer-readable storage medium (for example, disk, CD, random access memory, read-only memory, flash memory device, phase transition storage) and temporary computer-readable communication medium (for example, electric, optics, acoustics or other form transmitting signal-as carrier wave, infrared signal, digital signal).In addition, this type of electronic installation generally comprises the set of the one or more processors that are coupled to one or more other assemblies such as one or more storage devices (nonvolatile machine-readable storage media), user's input/output device (, keyboard, touch-screen and/or display) and network connection for example.The set of processor and the coupling of other assembly are generally by one or more buses and bridger (also referred to as bus control unit).Therefore, the storage device of given electronic installation generally storage code and/or data for the execution in the set of one or more processors of this electronic installation.Certainly, one or more parts of embodiments of the invention can realize with the various combination of software, firmware and/or hardware.

While using in this article, network element (for example, router, interchanger, bridger) is a networking gear, comprises hardware and software, its in communication with network on miscellaneous equipment (for example, other network element, terminal station) interconnection.Some network elements are " multi-service network elements ", its be a plurality of networking functions (for example, Route Selection, bridge joint, exchange, the 2nd layers of polymer, session border control, service quality and/or subscriber management) provide support and/or for example, provide support for a plurality of application services (, data, speech and video).Subscriber terminal station (for example, server, work station, laptop computer, net book, palmtop computer, mobile phone, smart phone, mediaphone, voice over the Internet protocol (VOIP) phone, subscriber equipment, terminal portable electronic device, GPS unit, games system, Set Top Box (STB)) content/service of providing by internet of access and/or the content/service for example, providing on the Virtual Private Network (VPN) of overlapping on internet (, tunnelling).Described content and/or service are generally for example, by (belonging to the service of participation equity service or one or more terminal stations in content supplier or terminal station, server terminal station) provide, and can for example comprise that common web page (for example, free content, StoreFront, search service), private web page (the usemame/password accessed web page of E-mail service for example, is provided) and/or the enterprise network by VPN etc.Generally, the coupling of subscriber terminal station (for example, by being coupled to the customer site equipment (in wired or wireless mode) of access network) to edge network element, described edge network element coupling (for example, by one or more core network element) is to other edge network element, described other edge network element is coupled to other terminal station (for example, server terminal station).

alternative

Although embodiments of the invention are described with respect to XYZ, other XYZ.Therefore, embodiments of the invention are not limited to XYZ.In addition, although embodiments of the invention are described with respect to XYZ, alternative can be implemented, and makes XYZ.This type of embodiment can realize by having XYZ.

For example, although the flow chart in figure illustrates the particular order of the operation of some embodiment execution of the present invention, should understand, this type of be sequentially exemplary (for example, alternative can different orders be carried out these operations, combines some operation, overlapping some operation etc.).

Although the present invention describes according to several embodiment, person of skill in the art will appreciate that and the invention is not restricted to described embodiment, but can put into practice by the modifications and variations in the spirit and scope of the claim of enclosing.It is illustrative and not restrictive describing so will being considered as.

Claims

1. a method of carrying out in network element, for the described main frame in the first territory of being arranged in from main frame of grouping being routed to the main frame in the territory of the second connection, each territory has a plurality of main frames that the public network element by corresponding field connects, described network element is connected to described the second territory in described the first territory and by label switched path, said method comprising the steps of:

Described network element in described the first territory receives the grouping from the main frame in described the first territory, described grouping is included in the destination-address of the main frame in described the second territory, described destination-address forms by the interface identifier of IP address being replaced by media access control (MAC) address of the second territory label and shortening, the second territory described in described the second territory tag identifier;

Based on described destination-address, the grouping that parsing receives is to determine the destination of dividing into groups described in described the second territory;

The MAC Address of Route Selection label and described shortening is attached to received grouping, and described Route Selection label is indicated to the path in described the second territory, and the MAC Address of described shortening is indicated the destination host in described the second territory; And

By being grouped in described in the MAC Address of the Route Selection label with attached and shortening on the label switched path of described label indication, send to described the second territory.

2. the method for claim 1, wherein the step of the MAC Address of attached described Route Selection label and described shortening comprises packing is attached to received grouping.

3. the method for claim 1, the step that wherein receives described grouping comprises and receives the described grouping that comprises source address, and the MAC Address of the shortening of the main frame that described source address comes from by the described grouping that the interface identifier of IPv6 address is replaced by sign and receives forms.

4. method as claimed in claim 3, wherein said source address does not comprise the sign in described the first territory.

5. method as claimed in claim 4, the step that wherein receives described source address comprise receive as IPv6(IPv 6) the described source address of the part of grouping.

6. the method for claim 1, wherein the step of attached Route Selection label comprises attached described the second territory label.

7. the method for claim 1, wherein the step of attached described Route Selection label comprises the Route Selection label of next network element in the described path of attached indication.

8. the method for claim 1, also comprises the step that is identified for the path of received grouping based on the second territory label of described destination-address.

9. the method for claim 1, wherein said destination-address comprises interface identifier, described interface identifier is comprised of the MAC Address of described the second territory label and described shortening substantially.

10. the method for claim 1, wherein said destination-address is included in the address of IPv6 grouping, and described IPv6 grouping is modified to a part of removing prefix and described interface identifier.

11. 1 kinds of network elements for using in the first territory that is connected to the second territory by label switched path, each territory has a plurality of main frames that the public network element by corresponding field connects, wherein said network element operation is so that by grouping, the main frame from described the first territory is routed to the main frame in described the second territory, and described network element comprises:

Inlet module, operation is to receive the grouping from the main frame in described the first territory at described network element, the grouping receiving comprises the destination-address of the main frame in described the second territory, described destination-address is by being replaced by the interface identifier of IP address the MAC(media access control of the second territory label and shortening) address forms, the second territory described in described the second territory tag identifier;

Processor, operation is to resolve the grouping that received to determine the destination of dividing into groups described in described the second territory based on described destination-address, and the MAC Address of Route Selection label and described shortening is attached to received grouping, described Route Selection label is indicated to the path in described the second territory, and the MAC Address of described shortening is indicated the destination host in described the second territory; And

Outlet module, operation is sending to described the second territory with being grouped in described in described destination-address and described Route Selection label on the label switched path of described label indication.

12. network elements as claimed in claim 11, wherein the MAC Address of attached Route Selection label and shortening comprises the packing that is attached to described grouping.

13. network elements as claimed in claim 11, the packet that wherein received comprises source address, described source address comprises the MAC Address of the shortening of the main frame that the described grouping of sign reception comes from.

14. network elements as claimed in claim 11, wherein attached Route Selection label comprises described the second territory label.

15. network elements as claimed in claim 11, wherein attached Route Selection label comprises the sign of next network element in described path.

16. 1 kinds of methods of carrying out in network element, for grouping is routed to the main frame the territory of the second connection from the main frame in the first territory, each territory has a plurality of main frames that the public network element by corresponding field connects, described network element is connected to described the first territory in described the second territory and by label switched path, said method comprising the steps of:

Described network element in described the second territory is by the network element in described the first territory, by label switched path, receive the grouping from main frame in described the first territory, described grouping comprises that attached destination label is to indicate the MAC Address of described the second territory and attached shortening to indicate the destination host in described the second territory;

By the MAC Address of described shortening, determine described destination host;

Remove the MAC Address of described attached destination label and described attached shortening; And

Described grouping is sent to determined destination host.

17. methods as claimed in claim 16, the step that wherein receives described grouping comprises: receive the described grouping of the destination-address comprise the interface identifier with described destination host, described method also comprises the step of MAC Address that described interface identifier is replaced by the shortening of described destination host.

18. methods as claimed in claim 16, the step that wherein receives described grouping comprises: receive the described grouping that comprises the ipv6 header with interface identifier, described method also comprises the step of removing the sign in described the second territory from described interface identifier.

19. methods as claimed in claim 16, the step that wherein receives described grouping comprises: receive the described grouping that comprises source address, described method also comprises the step of the label in described the first territory of indication being added to described source address.

20. 1 kinds of network elements for using in the second territory that is connected to the first territory by label switched path, each territory has a plurality of main frames that the public network element by corresponding field connects, wherein said network element operation is so that by grouping, the network element from described the first territory is routed to the main frame in described the second territory, and described network element comprises:

Inlet module, operation is to pass through the network element in described the first territory at described network element, by label switched path, receive the grouping from main frame in described the first territory, described grouping comprise the second attached territory label with the MAC Address that identifies described the second territory and attached shortening to indicate the destination host in described the second territory;

Processor, operates to determine described destination host by the MAC Address of described shortening, and removes described the second attached territory label and the MAC Address of described attached shortening; And

Outlet module, operation is to send to determined destination host by described grouping.

21. network elements as claimed in claim 20, wherein said grouping also comprises the destination-address of the interface identifier with described destination host, and described processor also operates described interface identifier to be replaced by the MAC Address of the shortening of described destination host.

22. network elements as claimed in claim 20, wherein said grouping comprises the ipv6 header with interface identifier, described processor also operates from described interface identifier, to remove the indication in described the second territory.

The method of carrying out in 23. 1 kinds of network elements in the first territory, for routing the packet to the main frame in the territory of the second connection, each territory has a plurality of main frames that the common router by corresponding field connects, the router of described network element in described the first territory and by corresponding field used label switched path to be connected to described the second territory, said method comprising the steps of:

Described network element in described the first territory generates the grouping for described the second territory main frame, described grouping is included in the destination-address of main frame described in described the second territory, described destination-address forms by the interface identifier of IP address being replaced by media access control (MAC) address of the second territory label and shortening, the second territory described in described the second territory tag identifier; And

Described grouping is sent to the router in described the first territory.

24. methods as claimed in claim 23, the step that wherein generates grouping also comprises: generate the grouping of the source address with the sign that does not comprise described the first territory.

25. methods as claimed in claim 24, the step that wherein generates grouping comprises: generate and have the interface identifier of described source address rather than IP address and have described destination-address rather than the described grouping of the interface identifier of IP address.

26. methods as claimed in claim 25, wherein said IP address does not have IPv6 prefix.

Network element in 27. a kind of first territory, operation is to route the packet to the main frame in the territory of the second connection, each territory has a plurality of main frames that the common router by corresponding field connects, the router of described network element in described the first territory and by corresponding field is connected to described the second territory, and described network element comprises:

Processor, operation generates the grouping for described the second territory main frame with the described network element in described the first territory, described grouping is included in the destination-address of main frame described in described the second territory, described destination-address forms by the interface identifier of IP address being replaced by media access control (MAC) address of the second territory label and shortening, the second territory described in described the second territory tag identifier; And

Outlet module, operation is to send to described grouping the router in described the first territory.