CN101521895A - Forwarding method used for constructing multi-hop routing in wireless self-organizing network - Google Patents
Forwarding method used for constructing multi-hop routing in wireless self-organizing network Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a forwarding method used for constructing multi-hop routing in a wireless self-organizing network, which is based on an ARP proxy system and a mixed routing system. The method comprises the following steps that: a monitoring module of each node monitors each message sent and received by the node in real time; adjacent hosts interact respective routing information in a single-hop range in real time; each node stores a partial or complete topology table of the whole network; when a certain node of the network sends an ARP request to a node which is not directly connected with the certain node, the certain node searches for a next-hop node and sends a routing detection message to the next-hop node according to a routing list; and if the route is reachable, the detection message is transmitted to a target node step by step and returns a routing reachable message, and ARP proxy tables are arranged at various nodes along the route, so a multi-hop route is established. The invention also comprises a method for maintaining and updating the route through modification of network topology detection. The invention also comprises a device used in the network, and describes a complete communication system shown in graph 1.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to communication network, the computer network in wireless self-organization network particularly, and specifically, relate to the agent way of utilizing Network monitor technology and ARP(Address Resolution Protocol) and carry out the mixing routing mechanism of packet forward, can be used in the Ad-Hoc multihop self-organizing network of common wireless network card formation.
Background technology
Wireless Ad Hoc network is made up of one group of wireless mobile node, be a kind of do not need to rely on existing fixed communication network infrastructure, can launch the network system used rapidly, required manual intervention is minimum, is the network without any central entity, self-organizing, self-healing; Each network node cooperates mutually, by Radio Link communicate, exchange message, the sharing of realization information and service.Each node of wireless Ad Hoc network must again as main frame, can carry out radio communication by the transmission and the reception of packet both as router.
The common wireless network card equipment that now provides on the market mostly possesses Ad Hoc pattern, follow the ad hoc mode of IEEE802.11b/g, just do not connect by AP or WiMAX router, can only utilize many wireless network cards to form a network group, must have identical SSID and channel can set up identical wireless connections (as Fig. 1) certainly.Under this pattern, can only point-to-pointly communicate between each network node, node within communication distance just can send the reception message mutually, node outside communication distance direct communication mutually (the communication distance here is the direct range on the space only not, also comprises the signal de-emphasis that cause of failures such as barrier cause).Because each node does not possess router feature, therefore there is not third party's node that is equivalent to bridge, accept and transmit the message of two nodes outside the communication distance.In Fig. 1, the Node B of several close together, C, D, E, F can be interconnected into mesh network each other, because they are each other all within communication distance.Yet after distance A node far away adds to come in, because A can only communicate with B farthest, other several nodes and A have all exceeded communication range, and all do not have the function of multi-hop routing forwarding between the node, thus the A node can't with C, D, E, F node communication.The limitation of current wireless network interface card Ad Hoc pattern that Here it is.
The self-organizing network that wireless network card is built under Ad Hoc pattern, the network address of its all nodes belongs to the same network segment, is considered to be among the same virtual local area network (LAN).With reference to figure 2, just make the ARP proxy mechanism and the combination mixing route technology structure self-organizing network that utilize self-definedization become possibility.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem: the method that the objective of the invention is to propose to be used to make up in a kind of wireless self-organization network the multi-hop routing forwarding, this method is to mix the self-organizing multi-hop networking strategy of routing mechanism under a kind of listen mode, by the mode of software control, make the wireless network card that does not possess route forwarding function can have the router feature under the self-organizing network and make up the computer radio self-organizing network.
Technical scheme: the present invention relates to network interface card and monitor drive software and route Control Software, each computer node all comprises a routing table, is arranged in internal memory, is used to store whole topology of networks.
Technical scheme of the present invention comprises following basic step: the Ad-Hoc pattern that each node can rely on network interface card itself to be had organizes themselves into the wireless network of single-hop; Each node can be monitored through all transmissions of this machine network interface card and the packet of reception; With the routing table maintenance message from first node broadcasts to the second node; Second node receives the routing table maintenance message, and upgrades local routing table.
This scheme also comprises these steps: pick out this machine and which does not send the ARP request with the main frame that this machine directly links to each other to; Start the route exploration process, in current routing table, find only next-hop node, and send RouteTry route exploration message to it; The node of receiving probe messages continues to search this machine routing table, and next the jumping transmission RouteTry probe messages to it arrives destination node up to message; Destination node is returned the RouteOK route to its a last hop node and is permitted message after receiving probe messages; The RouteOK message is transmitted step by step according to the reverse path of RouteTry message, transfers back to start node, and preserves the address information in whole piece path; Each receives that the node of RouteOK message adds the mac address entry of the IP address of the terminal node on forward and the reverse both direction and next-hop node in the local arp cache in the way; After initial node updates arp cache, the routing inquiry process finishes; If destination node is unreachable according to the node route list of upper level, then the node of next stage will return the RouteUnreachable message, even higher level of node can be selected the next stage node of suboptimum, and sends the RouteTry message to it, till all possible paths were all attempted; If there is not the path of a suitable arrival destination node to exist all the time, then source node can not upgrade local arp cache, and destination node is unreachable; Because this programme is based on active routing mechanism, thereby after waiting for a period of time, network topology will be recovered automatically, can carry out route querying again.
The present invention also comprises a cover route control messages instruction set.This instruction set comprises RouteMessage first instruction set that is used for mutual transmission route table information between main frame; Be used to detect RouteTry second instruction set whether route can reach and be used for reporting RouteOK, RouteUnreachable the 3rd instruction set whether destination node can reach to source node.
The present invention also needs each node to safeguard an ARP proxy table in this machine internal memory in addition, in order to the ARP proxy information in real-time isochronous memory and the arp cache, avoids information refreshing and lose with buffer memory.Simultaneously, in internal memory, need to safeguard a link-state list, note those communication links with node headed by the present node.In case a transmission paths is set up, source node need be temporary in link-state list with the relevant information in path, by sending the feasibility in RouteTry message regular check path.RouteTry and RouteOK, RouteUnreachable combine, and can finish the immediate updating of link, select better link to replace outmoded link, eliminate broken link.If source node stops suddenly sending message to destination node, can not lose efficacy immediately by delegated path, need the path be continued to keep a period of time by regular transmission RouteTry message, so that source node is saved the path settling time of next time to destination node communication.And the present invention has also considered corresponding error control mechanism.
In a case study on implementation of the present invention, one cover radio communication device is provided, it can utilize existing commercial wireless network card work, under the control of self-organizing route software, call the Winpcap NIC driver interface of increasing income, real-time listening network interface card situation, and the driving network interface card carries out corresponding route Control work, and the routing forwarding of carrying out common IP bag, reach the purpose that makes up self-organizing network.The level framework of self-organizing route software is wherein seen Fig. 3.
Beneficial effect: the present invention can make up multihop self-organizing network comparatively easily in small-/medium-sized Intranet, do not need relaying forwarding units such as other router, switch between each main frame, each other just can interconnected one-tenth multihop network, as shown in Figure 4.The present invention is based on the active route technology, and only the man-to-man routing table of carrying out is transmitted in node, rather than the flooding mechanism of broad sense consumes massive band width like that, also is convenient to safeguard compared with the multiple spot trunking mechanism.The present invention has also added the path detecting function of similar source dynamic network, because therefore the existing active maintenance mechanism of routing table accelerated the detection deadline greatly, and the accessibility in the path that has guaranteed simultaneously.
The present invention adopts monitoring technique to carry out network control, and is very little to normal network program influence on system operation.The realization of ARP proxy mechanism is not by revising the ARP message structure, but self-defined a kind of brand-new message structure, independently handle by software kit of the present invention system, be convenient to distinguish with conventional network protocols, saved the processing time of main frame, and stayed bigger expanding space for carry out complete upgrading in the future.Its IP layer adopts self-defining particular message form, so it only can be routed Control Software and handle, and the original upper layer communication program of computer can initiatively abandon control messages, has so just alleviated the burden of the main communication process of computer.
The present invention has adopted based on the active route technology, and dynamic route detects and maintenance technology is the route construction mechanism of core, except extremely strong stability is arranged, also has the reaction time faster.Its routing message searching module can be expanded upgrading, and the new routing algorithm of any cover can add to come in, and is not subjected to the restriction of inherent technology.
The present invention can realize with the form of software, be convenient to be transplanted to the intelligent wireless computing terminal of all kinds of support IP agreements, comprises notebook computer, PC (PC), personal digital assistant (PDA), 3G (Third Generation) Moblie terminal of wireless network card or the like are housed.The present invention also can be integrated in the operating system, as the systems soft ware of special structure self-organizing network.This mode with software is carried out the structure flexible and convenient of self-organizing network, and is with low cost.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the computer network under the common network interface card Ad Hoc pattern.
Fig. 2 is the IP address situation schematic diagram of small Ad-Hoc network.
Fig. 3 is the basic framework of software systems involved in the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the wireless self-organization network schematic diagram with multi-hop route forwarding function.
Fig. 5 is the reciprocal process schematic diagram of RouteMessage message between three nodes.
Fig. 6 is the storage organization schematic diagram on routing table gauge outfit, node and limit.
Fig. 7 is the chain type storage organization opened up of network (can in conjunction with Fig. 4).
Fig. 8 is the structure maintenance process and the IP bag repeating process flow chart of small-sized multihop network routing mechanism.
Embodiment
The present invention relates to the notion of Ad-Hoc wireless self-organization network, wherein each node is installed software systems provided by the invention earlier, sets up bottom and monitors platform, opens route maintenance mechanism, carries out mutual communication by wireless network card.Each node had both served as router, served as main frame or FTP client FTP again.
In the present invention, a kind of novel solution of utilizing Network monitor technology and ARP proxy mechanism to carry out routing forwarding is provided, by using various route maintenance message to unify the maintenance of network topology, and set up the ARP proxy mechanism of each via node on the message forwarding path.
To describe the running of system in order in detail below:
A. each node at first organizes themselves into the point to point network of single-hop by the Ad-Hoc pattern of wireless network card, and this step is to carry function by network interface card itself to finish.
B. each node obtains IP, the MAC Address of this machine, opens the monitoring module of this machine network interface card, can overhear each MAC message that this machine network interface card sends and receives.
C. each node is initiatively opened route maintenance module.Send this machine routing table message RouteMessage every the wireless network card of appropriate time (1 second) by this machine.This message is a broadcast packet, can be received by the wireless network card that all and this machine directly link to each other.This message has comprised IP, the MAC Address of this machine, and this complete machine routing table information.This message is a MAC layer message, and specific type of data packet value is arranged, can be successfully with its resolution so that monitor module.The routing table repeating process is seen Fig. 5.The RouteMessage message format sees Table 1.If routing table is excessive, cause a mac frame to hold, then whole routing table burst can be transmitted.
If D. node listens to the RouteMessage message that adjacent node sends over, then upgrade local routing table according to the routing table of this message, comprise and adding and deletion node corresponding and limit.Upgraded after this machine routing table, this machine is broadcast transmission RouteMessage message, so that the direct-connected network interface card of all and this machine receives the routing table of the renewal of this machine.If the entrained routing table of RouteMessage message that this machine listens to is a subclass of this machine routing table, then keeps current routing iinformation and do not do change.The storage format of routing table in internal memory can be linked list format, and its data structure and organizational form are please respectively referring to Fig. 6 and Fig. 7.As seen from the figure, the routing table of whole main frame is to be made of chained list, has simulated the adjacency list structure of figure.In the RouteMessage message, routing table changes into a string character according to specific organizational form, is stored in the data segment of message.When routing table is excessive, can be divided into multistage according to order and transmits.
E. be that ARP initiates to monitor and the route control procedure below.Referring to Fig. 8, establishing by N1 is forward to the N3 direction, and N3 is reverse to the N1 direction.Because most wireless network cards are duplex communications, only adopt the Wireless Communication Equipment of full duplex here.Therefore in case forward can be finished communication, also corresponding reversely also can communicate by letter.Suppose that the N1 node wants to communicate with the N3 node, they belong to a wireless self-organization network, and their IP address belongs to the same network segment, so N1 can give tacit consent in the local area network (LAN) that N3 belongs to this machine place.But because N1 is not direct-connected with the N3 node, this machine of N1 does not have the MAC Address of N3, thereby N1 can at first send the MAC Address that the ARP request message is sought the N3 node.When native system is not installed, though the N2 node can be received the ARP request message of N1 node, because it is not N3, so the MAC Address that can not inform N1 node N3.N1 just can't intercom mutually with N3 like this.
Install after the native system, the N1 node can mail to outside any packet by this machine of real-time listening.If N1 listens to the ARP request data package that this machine mails to other machines, then write down the IP address of destination node, be designated as IPDes, behind appropriate time (0.5 second), check the arp cache of this machine.As do not find the corresponding entry of purpose IP address correspondence to prove that then destination node is not direct-connected with this machine, start the F process.As finding corresponding entry, then destination node and this machine are direct-connected, carry out no longer downwards.Could send the arp reply message to this machine owing to have only with the direct-connected node of this machine, consider that business network is stuck in the relative stability in the single hop environment, therefore this method have very high precision for the initiation of judging a communication process.
F. start the route querying function, in routing table, find out shortest path, find the MAC Address 00-1D-0F-05-0E-72 of the next-hop node N2 that links to each other with this machine on the path towards destination node.Send route to the N2 point and sound out message RouteTry N1-N2 (message format sees Table 2), this message comprises the IP address 169.254.0.1 of source node, the IP address 169.254.0.3 of destination node.The source node IP169.254.0.1 in path is charged in the path node sequence of RouteTry N1-N2 message, be convenient to write down entire path and passed through which node.
The monitoring module of G.N2 node is received packet RouteTryN1-N2, in the N2 routing table, find out towards the shortest path of 169.254.0.3 address, find the MAC Address 00-1D-0F-05-0F-19 of the next-hop node N3 that links to each other with this machine on the path, send route to the N3 point and sound out message RouteTry N2-N3, this message comprises the IP address 169.254.0.1 of source node, the IP address 169.254.0.3 of destination node.Source node IP169.254.0.1, the 169.254.0.2 in path are charged in the path node sequence of RouteTryN2-N3 message.
The monitoring module of H.N3 node is received packet RouteTryN2-N3, and this machine IP of discovery is purpose IP address, thereby purpose IP can reach.N3 finds it oneself is terminal node, also is the first node of reverse link N3～N1, need begin along return path N3 to N1 from N3, and the ARP proxy on the also promptly contrary direction is provided with perfect.Thereby below in the arp cache of N3 node, increasing earlier this: 169.254.0.100-1D-0F-05-0E-72.This information is preserved two parts, and in the ARP proxy table in a memory headroom that has this patent system with tabular form, another part is saved among the arp cache that main frame carries.Do like this and be convenient to the initiation that path node midway communicates to terminal node, and be convenient to midway node the IP bag is transmitted.System at interval certain hour with the content replication in the ARP proxy table in the arp cache of main frame, so that the permanent maintenance of routing iinformation.Next, N3 generates RouteOK N3-N2 message (message format is referring to table 3), and generates the return path sequence according to the path sequence of RouteTryN2-N3 message: 169.254.0.2,169.254.0.1 are encapsulated into it among RouteOK N3-N2 message.Afterwards, N3 sends to the N2 node with this message.
The I.N2 node receives the RouteOKN3-N2 message, judges whether N2 need be provided with ARP proxy in the arp cache of this machine.N2 finds that this machine is first node in the return path, assert that therefore oneself and N3 are direct-connected, does not then need to be provided with agency's item of this machine on positive direction.On contrary direction, N2 and terminal point N1 are direct-connected, so N2 also need not be provided with the ARP proxy item.N2 judges then whether oneself is the terminal point of return path, find it oneself is not terminal point subsequently, so the N2 node is searched next jumping of return path, drawing is the N1 node, then generate the RouteOKN2-N1 message, this message has just been done corresponding replacement with mac frame source address and the destination address partly of RouteOKN3-N2, so that it mails to the N1 node.
The J.N1 node has received the RouteOKN2-N1 message, and finding own is not first node of return path on positive direction, thereby need add corresponding ARP proxy item: 169.254.0.300-1D-0F-05-0E-72 at this machine.On contrary direction, the N1 node is a terminal node, and ARP proxy need not be set.
K.N1 begins to send IP bag Packet13 to the N3 node, and the destination address of its MAC layer is 00-1D-0F-05-0E-72, and source address is 00-1D-0F-05-0E-67.IP layer destination address is 169.254.0.3, and source address is 169.254.0.1.Owing to used the ARP proxy technology, N1 regards the N2 node as the N3 node, thereby concerning N1, the N3 node is seemingly direct-connected, but need transmit through the N2 node with communicating by letter of N3 node in fact, however N1 node and do not know this situation.
After the main frame of L.N2 node was received Packet13, operating system found that purpose IP is not this machine, thereby can abandon this message automatically.Yet this patent system of installing on the N2 node, it monitors module, and can to judge the purpose IP address of this message be not this machine and target MAC (Media Access Control) address is this machine, needs transmit through this machine so this bag is described.Then N2 can find the MAC Address of N3 correspondence (if N2 and N3 are direct-connected, then because N2 and N3 have the RouteMessage interacting message always, so can have the N3 correspondence that in the arp cache of N2 all the time in its arp cache; If N2 and N3 are not direct-connected, then the N3 in the arp cache of N2 that through ARP proxy table of N2 constantly and its synchrodata exist).So N2 replaces with 00-1D-0F-05-0F-19 with the target MAC (Media Access Control) address of Packet13, source MAC replaces with 00-1D-0F-05-0E-72, generates Packet23 then, mails to the N3 node.
The M.N3 node receives the Packet23 packet, and to its normal process, similarly is that the N1 node directly connects with the N3 node.
The N.N3 node mails to the IP processing data packets process of N1 node and the IP processing data packets similar process that the N1 node mails to the N3 node, transmit as agent node by the N2 node, its MAC layer destination address of packet that mails to the N1 node all is set to 00-1D-0F-05-0E-72, and purpose IP address setting is 169.254.0.1.
If O. the N2 node finds that after receiving RouteTryN1-N2 this machine routing table does not contain the node that IP is 169.254.0.3, then the upper level N1 node to it sends the unreachable message of Unreachable, N1 is after receiving this message, continue to search next jumping suboptimum node that may arrive N3 in the routing table of N1 own, and send the RouteTry message to it.If N1 can't find any one node that can arrive N3, illustrate that then N3 is unreachable.
P. all there is a link-state list each node system inside, the multi-hop link that leads to other destination nodes that record is initiated by this machine.Message on these links all will pass through the forwarding of intermediate node, and this machine is the first node of link.System can be in appropriate time poll link-state list each, send the RouteTry message to each destination node, reach the effect of link maintenance.If link down, then source host can be received the RouteUnreachable message, thereby can seek alternate link automatically at the last node of interruptions, in the new link establishment process, can reset each ARP proxy node by the RouteOK message.If there is not alternate link, source node will be that removing in this destination node link corresponding state table.If there is more excellent intermediate node to add to come in, can make link hop count still less, then, can make new link replace old link automatically by the polling mechanism of this regular transmission RouteTry and answer RoutOK.
In table 1～4, the right side part is the actual information of various control messages, comprises field type, type of hardware, control frame type and corresponding hexadecimal code (in the bracket).
Table 1:RouteMessage message structure
Table 2:RouteTry message structure
Table 3:RouteOK message structure
Table 4:RouteUnreachable message structure
Above-mentioned communication means illustrates by IP message transport process, but one skilled in the art will understand that communication process, agreement or the scheme that can use any kind within the scope of the invention.And, one skilled in the art will understand that in communication network, to relate to more than three nodes.
The present invention promptly can be applicable to the separate network that external network is not connected, and as military network, disaster relief zone network etc. on the battlefield, also can be applied to a mininet cluster that has at least one to communicate to connect with extraneous network (as the Internet).This cluster is by gateway and Internet connection.
This patent independence and the network communication equipment type of using, any network card equipment of two-way communication, Ad-Hoc ad hoc mode that can provide can adopt.
This patent is independent of the radio coding scheme of use, and any suitable physical layer radio type all can adopt as IEEE 802.11, IEEE802.15, IEEE802.16, bluetooth, infrared (IR), standards such as GPRS, 3G.
Though the detail of introducing of the present invention for purposes of illustration and in detail, yet be to be understood that the process of introduction is in order to reach the patent purpose of description fully.Under the situation that does not break away from the spirit and scope of the present invention, those skilled in the art can change therein, the restriction of claims that the spirit and scope of the present invention are enclosed.
Claims (2)
1. be used to make up the method for multi-hop routing forwarding in the wireless self-organization network, it is characterized in that this method may further comprise the steps:
A. each continuous main frame constantly transmits this machine routing table information automatically mutually, safeguards the consistency of full mesh topology in each main frame;
B. first node listens to the ARP request that this machine mails to non-conterminous the 3rd node, and the inquiry local routing table finds i.e. second address of node of next-hop node, the route exploration message is sent in the past, and this machine IP address is added path sequence;
C. second node receives this probe messages, inquires about this machine routing table, sends probe messages to the 3rd node, and this machine IP address is added path sequence;
D. the 3rd node receives the probe messages of second node, find it oneself is the destination node that is detected, thereby local ARP proxy is set, first node is charged to link-state list, and generate route and can reach message, along the path sequence rightabout with this message transmissions to the second node;
E. second node receives that the path can reach message, judges whether local ARP proxy need be set, and generation can reach message, and is sent to first node along the path sequence rightabout;
F. first node receives that the path can reach message, and local ARP proxy item is set, and the 3rd node charged to link-state list;
When G. certain node was unreachable after source node sends the route exploration message, node can generate the unreachable message of route and send it back source node midway;
H. when certain midway node jump to send the route exploration message to next, but when returning the unreachable message of route, this midway node can search suboptimum node in the routing table once more, and send the route exploration message to it, similarly, till receiving that route can reach message; If all optional next-hop nodes all return the unreachable message of route, then this node will return the unreachable message of route to its upper level;
I. comprise also that the path sets up the maintenance of back to link-state list, concrete behavior comprises that source node and destination node carry out synchronous renewal regularly to the arp cache proxy information according to the ARP proxy table, and the timed sending of route exploration message; At link utilization is 0 o'clock, and the life span of proper extension link reduces the start-up time that consumes when link is enabled once more;
J. because the adding of new node causes network topology to change, link maintenance mechanism will be by the process that route exploration and route can reach, the unreachable message of route upgrades automatically to link.
2. the method that is used to make up the multi-hop routing forwarding in the wireless self-organization network as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described Section Point comprises a plurality of nodes.
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