CN103534491B - 具有位移测量传感器的活塞-缸-装置 - Google Patents

具有位移测量传感器的活塞-缸-装置 Download PDF

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CN103534491B
CN103534491B CN201280023484.0A CN201280023484A CN103534491B CN 103534491 B CN103534491 B CN 103534491B CN 201280023484 A CN201280023484 A CN 201280023484A CN 103534491 B CN103534491 B CN 103534491B
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CN103534491A (zh
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J·金齐希
T·赫尔曼
M·格拉曼
J-F·海德
R·韦尔特
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Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/12—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
    • G01D5/14—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage
    • G01D5/20—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage by varying inductance, e.g. by a movable armature
    • G01D5/22—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage by varying inductance, e.g. by a movable armature differentially influencing two coils
    • G01D5/2291—Linear or rotary variable differential transformers (LVDTs/RVDTs) having a single primary coil and two secondary coils
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B7/00—Systems in which the movement produced is definitely related to the output of a volumetric pump; Telemotors
    • F15B7/06—Details
    • F15B7/08—Input units; Master units
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D25/00—Fluid-actuated clutches
    • F16D25/08—Fluid-actuated clutches with fluid-actuated member not rotating with a clutching member
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/12—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
    • G01D5/14—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage
    • G01D5/20—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage by varying inductance, e.g. by a movable armature
    • G01D5/22—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage by varying inductance, e.g. by a movable armature differentially influencing two coils
    • G01D5/225—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage by varying inductance, e.g. by a movable armature differentially influencing two coils by influencing the mutual induction between the two coils
    • G01D5/2258—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage by varying inductance, e.g. by a movable armature differentially influencing two coils by influencing the mutual induction between the two coils by a movable ferromagnetic element, e.g. core
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
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    • F15B15/00—Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another; Gearing associated therewith
    • F15B15/20—Other details, e.g. assembly with regulating devices
    • F15B15/28—Means for indicating the position, e.g. end of stroke
    • F15B15/2815—Position sensing, i.e. means for continuous measurement of position, e.g. LVDT
    • F15B15/2861—Position sensing, i.e. means for continuous measurement of position, e.g. LVDT using magnetic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D48/00—External control of clutches
    • F16D48/02—Control by fluid pressure
    • F16D2048/0212—Details of pistons for master or slave cylinders especially adapted for fluid control
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2300/00—Special features for couplings or clutches
    • F16D2300/18—Sensors; Details or arrangements thereof

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种活塞‑缸‑装置，所述活塞‑缸‑装置尤其用于在用于机动车中的离合器操纵的液压系统中使用，所述活塞‑缸‑装置具有一活塞，所述活塞以能够轴向运动的方式地布置在缸中，其中，在所述缸上布置有一电感式传感器，所述电感式传感器具有至少一个用于产生磁场的初级线圈和至少两个布置在所述初级线圈内的、用于感测目标位置的次级线圈，其中，所述线圈轴线与所述活塞的运动方向垂直地布置并且所述次级线圈构造有交叉的绕阻，其中，第一次级线圈如此构造，使得第一环路覆盖所述传感器长度的大约四分之一，连接到所述第一环路上的第二环路覆盖所述传感器长度的大约一半并且连接到所述第二环路上的第三环路覆盖所述传感器长度的大约剩余的四分之一，并且第二次级线圈如此构造，使得第一环路覆盖所述传感器长度的大约第一半并且第二环路覆盖所述传感器长度的大约第二半，其特征在于，在所述活塞上布置有至少两个由导电材料制成的目标，其中，所述目标在轴向上彼此隔开并且所述目标具有不同导电能力和/或不同大小，并且所述传感器具有至少一个配属线圈，所述配属线圈在整个传感器长度上延伸。

Description

具有位移测量传感器的活塞-缸-装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种尤其用于在用于机动车中的离合器操纵的装置中使用的活塞-缸-装置，该活塞-缸-装置具有传感器，用于确定活塞在缸中的位置。
背景技术
例如为了在具有停止-启动-系统的机动车中保持习惯的驾驶方式，提早识别驾驶员期望是有益的。例如在离合器主动缸中的位移传感器满足该要求并且此外还承担辅助功能，该辅助功能待例如踏板中的电位置开关完成。此外，这样的传感器使用霍尔效应或借助一个或多个处于外部的线圈实现，在所述线圈中通过固定在活塞上的磁体感应引起电压。所有这些系统的共同点是：它们为了操纵而依赖于固定在活塞上的磁体。因为为了制造磁体而产生显著的成本，所以发展替代的可能性用于活塞-缸-装置中的位移测量。
因此，一种替代方案为：具有所谓的线性可变的差动变压器的位移传感器，其中，导电的目标在由初级线圈和至少一个次级线圈组成的装置处引导经过。在这样的LVDT(线性可变差动变压器)中，通过初级线圈产生磁场，该磁场在次级线圈中感应引起电压。通过次级线圈通过导体的横穿划分为不同的环路的方式，通过次级线圈的环路中相应的布线可以分别产生相反指向的电压，从而通过彼此相对对称指向的电压，在次级线圈中产生的电压等于0。如果现在将导电的目标引入由初级线圈产生的磁场中，则在该线圈区域中的磁场变化并且与此相应地在次级线圈中在所述区域中产生的电压也波动，从而对称性抵消，并且在次级线圈上产生的电压可以被测量。在相应调准目标大小和次级线圈中的环路时可能的是，实施在初级线圈的磁场中目标的明确的位移配属。该位移传感器的缺点在于，可容纳的行程相应于线圈长度，从而为了容纳整个活塞位移需要相应大的传感器。该传感器由于结构空间限制而常常不能够容易实现。因此，任务在于，提供用于活塞-缸-装置的位移传感器，所述位移传感器可成本低廉地制造，并且在较小的传感器长度的情况下能够实现活塞的明确的位置确定。
发明内容
所述任务的解决通过根据本发明的活塞-缸-装置实现。根据本发明的活塞-缸-装置具有活塞，该活塞以可运动的方式地布置在缸中。在活塞上存在两个在轴向上彼此隔开的目标，所述目标由导电材料制造。在缸上布置有一传感器，所述传感器具有至少一个初级线圈和至少两个次级线圈。初级线圈与电流源连接，从而在线圈的内部产生磁场。次级线圈基本上布置在初级线圈的内部。在此，次级线圈具有各个通过导体的横穿形成的环路，由所述导体构造线圈。
附加地，传感器具有配属线圈，所述配属线圈布置在初级线圈的内部并且不具有横穿。因此，在配属线圈中通过初级线圈的磁场感应引起电压，该电压可以被相应地测量。
在此，活塞上的目标由导电材料制造，其中，所述目标具有不同的大小和/或导电能力。如果现在在活塞运动时所述目标之一在传感器处引导经过，则穿过配属线圈产生的磁场变化并且感应电压被改变。因为在配属线圈中的磁场的影响与在目标中感应引起的电流有关，所以所述变化与目标的大小和传导能力有关。因为这两个目标在大小和/或导电能力方面不同地实现，所以产生配属线圈中磁场的不同的影响，视哪个目标恰好处于初级线圈的磁场中而定。在较小的或具有较小导电能力的目标的情况下，配属线圈中的感应电压的变化比在较大或更有导电能力的目标的情况下小。由此，借助于配属线圈可以明确地确定，哪个目标处于电感式传感器的磁场中的矩中。
次级线圈具有借助于横穿形成的环路，所述环路能够实现处于磁场中的目标的明确的位置配属。为此，第一次级线圈具有一环路，该环路在传感器长度的大约四分之一上延伸并且借助横穿的印制导线过渡到第二环路中，该第二环路在传感器长度的大约一半上延伸。该第二环路然后借助横穿的连接导体过渡到第三环路中，该第三环路大约在传感器长度的剩余四分之一上延伸。第二次级线圈具有第一环路，该第一环路大约在传感器长度的第一半上延伸，并且借助横穿的导体过渡到第二环路中，所述第二环路大约在传感器长度的第二半上延伸。
由此，通过在两个次级线圈和配属线圈上的电压测量的组合可以保证在传感器的位置长度上目标的位置测量并且可以保证对目标的明确的辨识，从而与此相应地，在大于传感器长度的行程上能够实现明确的位移测量。
附图说明
下面借助本发明的实施方式和附图解释其他的优点、特征、特征组合和特性。
图1a示出现有技术中的线性可变的差动变压器的示意图；
图1b示出图1a中的具有目标的线性可变的差动变压器；
图2示出根据本发明的线性可变的差动变压器的配属线圈和次级线圈的示意图；
图3示出借助于在次级线圈和配属线圈上的测量的电压进行位置配属的图示作为图解。
具体实施方式
图1a示出现有技术中的线性可变的差动变压器。这样的线性可变的差动变压器具有一个初级线圈1和至少一个次级线圈2，其基本上遮盖相同的面。初级线圈连接到电压源上，该电压源产生磁场3。产生的电压的方向通过次级线圈中的箭头4表明。正如可以看出，感应电压在各个环路中彼此相对指向，从而结果是次级线圈中的电压抵消。
如果现在如在图1b所示的那样，将目标5引入初级线圈1的磁场中，则该区域中的磁场3变化。因此，次级线圈2的各个环路中电压的对称性抵消并且发生引起的电压，该电压与磁场中的目标的位置有关。为了能够实现目标的位置的明确的配属，在根据当前的现有技术的线性可变的差动变压器中通常存在两个次级线圈，但是，功能原理与在图1a和1b中所示的线性可变的差动变压器的功能原理相同。
图2示出根据本发明的线性可变的差动变压器的两个次级线圈和一配属线圈。次级线圈10和11以及配属线圈处于未示出的初级线圈中。在此，次级线圈10具有环路13、14和15，所述环路分别与横穿的导体连接，其中，环路13大约在传感器长度的第一个四分之一上延伸，环路14在传感器长度的大约一半的中间段上延伸并且环路15在传感器长度的最后四分之一上延伸。次级线圈11包括两个环路16和17，所述环路分别在大约传感器长度的二分之一上延伸并且同样与横穿的导体连接。
图3示出测量结果，所述测量结果由目标在感应位移传感器的磁场中的运动得出。由次级线圈中的形成正弦函数或者余弦函数的电压测量，可以借助于求反正切来构成线性函数，该线性函数直接与测量位移成正比。配属线圈上的电压，如在处于下面的图解中示出的那样，由电压值A在没有影响的情况下演变成电压值B，其比电压值A低并且通过目标1对电压值B的影响引起，并且第二电压值C比电压值B小并且通过目标2对磁场的影响引起。目标1在该情况下具有较长的长度并且由此具有比目标2小的对磁场的影响。但是，基本上，相反的布置也是可能的，同样如使用多于两个不同的目标那样，所述多于两个不同的目标然后导致相应更多的电压级。
附图标记列表
1 初级线圈
2 次级线圈
3 磁场
4 箭头
5 目标
10 次级线圈
11 次级线圈
12 配属线圈
ABC 电压值

Claims (5)

1.一种活塞-缸-装置，所述活塞-缸-装置用于在用于机动车中的离合器操纵的液压系统中使用，所述活塞-缸-装置具有一活塞，所述活塞以能够轴向运动的方式布置在缸中，其中，在所述缸上布置有一电感式传感器，所述电感式传感器具有至少一个用于产生磁场的初级线圈和至少两个布置在所述初级线圈内的、用于感测目标位置的次级线圈，其中，线圈轴线与所述活塞的运动方向垂直地布置并且所述次级线圈构造有交叉的绕阻，其中，第一次级线圈如此构造，使得第一环路覆盖传感器长度的大约四分之一，连接到所述第一环路上的第二环路覆盖所述传感器长度的大约一半并且连接到所述第二环路上的第三环路覆盖所述传感器长度的大约剩余的四分之一，并且第二次级线圈如此构造，使得第一环路覆盖所述传感器长度的大约第一半并且第二环路覆盖所述传感器长度的大约第二半，其中，在所述活塞上布置有至少两个由导电材料制成的目标，其中，所述目标在轴向上彼此隔开并且所述目标具有不同导电能力和/或不同大小，并且所述传感器具有至少一个配属线圈，所述配属线圈在整个传感器长度上延伸，所述配属线圈布置在初级线圈的内部并且不具有横穿。
2.根据权利要求1所述的活塞-缸-装置，其特征在于，所述目标由金属制成。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的活塞-缸-装置，其特征在于，所述目标由不同的材料制成。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的活塞-缸-装置，其特征在于，所述初级线圈和所述配属线圈构造有多个平行的绕阻。
5.根据权利要求2所述的活塞-缸-装置，其特征在于，所述金属是铝。
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