CN103530363A - Pay-as-you-go schema semantic web service discovering method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a pay-as-you-go schema semantic web service discovering method, relates to the field of semantic information retrieval and Web service calculation and particularly relates to a pay-as-you-go schema semantic web service information adding and discovering method. The method comprises the steps of firstly analyzing Web service semantic information to gradually generate a semantic mapping rule, delaying evaluating semantic mapping rule according to inquiring requirements, delaying calculation of semantic annotation related to the rule, adding the semantic annotation into a service describing schema, and finally carrying out semantic inquiry processing and returning inquiring results. The pay-as-you-go schema semantic web service discovering method can reduce early-stage construction cost, can gradually enhance the semantic inquiring function of a system according to follow-up investment cost, can timely assist description of dynamic Web service semantic information and improves Web service semantic discovering efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to semantic information retrieval, Web service calculating field, specifically the semantic web service discovery method of pay-as-you-go pattern.
Background technology
Semantic network technology can allow user share the knowledge of different field, makes the integrated easier of semantic information, uses existing body and ontology inference machine can more easily find suitable Web service.In recent years, Many researchers is devoted to semantic network technology and Web service technology in conjunction with to realize semantic Web service finding.
At present, the semantic adding method in Web service field mainly contains: 1) in Web Services Description Language (WSDL), mark is semantic, and these marks are not virtual (virtual), do not support semantic Delay computing; 2) by body Direct function description Web service information and background context knowledge thereof.The front current cost of these methods is higher, marks accurately a large amount of Web services and need to spend larger cost, by Web service and body is integrated and set up and safeguard that ontology library also needs a large amount of work with body.That is to say, the method based on semantic need to carry out completely, after semantic integration, just providing effective semantic query to data in front.Yet the Semantic mapping of understanding data Erecting and improving is the very long work of part, along with the change of Web service information, people need again to redescribe Web service and re-establish Semantic mapping.Therefore, the semantic adding method of current Web service is difficult to the dynamic change of reply Web service in time.In addition, current semantic adding technique is difficult to reflect complicated semanteme, although by body and the query processing process higher accuracy rate that combines, query rewrite cost time complexity higher, inquiry is also high.
In sum, the subject matter that existing semantic Web service finding research exists: no matter semantic addition manner (is that semantic service is described, or when query processing and the combination of body) need higher construction cost in early stage, and the time complexity of query processing is higher.The pattern of pay-before-you-go is followed in these forefathers' research in essence, that is: before effective Web service discovery feature is provided, need to expend higher construction cost in early stage, according to the cost amount dropping into, not come progressive enhancing to offer user's query function.
Relate at present the semantic research of adding of pay-as-you-go pattern and mainly contain iTrail technology, iTrail obtains new inquiry by mating (matching), transition (transformation) and merging (merging) expansion semanteme in the inquiry of source, thereby by the progressive system that offers of the semanteme of lightweight.ITrail technology is difficult to reflect complicated semanteme, and query rewrite cost is higher, and iTrail technology does not design for semantic web service discovery.
Therefore, the invention provides a kind of semantic Web service finding method based on pay-as-you-go pattern, can reduce construction cost in early stage, and can carry out according to the cost amount of follow-up input the semantic query function of progressive enhancing system.
Summary of the invention
Research and development object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of semantic web service discovery method of pay-as-you-go pattern is provided, make: 1) realize pay-as-you-go pattern semantic Web service finding, support best-effort inquiry, that is: do not need input or drop into less construction cost in early stage, system just can provide the simple functions such as similar keyword query, then perfect gradually along with Web service information, system can be progressive provides more complicated structuralized query or semantic query function.2) describe in time the semantic information of dynamic Web service, improve the efficiency of Web service Semantic-finding.
The technical scheme that the present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above is as follows:
The semantic web service discovery method of pay-as-you-go pattern, operation steps is as follows:
1), by obtaining Web service semantic information from approach such as Wordnet generation automatically, machine learning, user feedback, content of text excavations, progress growth Semantic mapping rule, as is-a, same-as.
2) when user inquires about, system needs delayed evaluation Semantic mapping rule according to inquiry, the semantic tagger that Delay computing is relevant to rule.
Delayed evaluation method: when user inquires about, according to the search request of natural language analysis, keyword extraction method analysis user, select certain or some Semantic mapping rule of correlativity maximum in Semantic mapping rule base.
Delay computing method: the Semantic mapping rule obtaining according to delayed evaluation, system call function getSemanticAnnotation () calculates and return the content of semantic tagger.The form of semantic tagger be node attribute-value to or limit.
Function getSemanticAnnotation (): read, resolve the Semantic mapping rule that delayed evaluation obtains, whether judgment rule is relevant to the attribute of node in SLSD model or node, if relevant to node, the content of computing semantic mark, with the attribute of node-be worth right form to return; If relevant to the attribute of node, the content of computing semantic mark, returns with the form on limit between node.
3) semantic tagger Delay computing being obtained adds in SLSD model, generates the SLSD ' model containing semantic information.
Adding method is as follows: internodal semantic association represents with limit, and the semanteme of nodal community adds attribute-value centering in the mode expanding.
4) Query Result is processed and returned to semantic query.Because the mode of semantic tagger does not change the structure of SLSD, so enquiry module do not need special expansion just can support semantic query, still uses the enquiry module of SLSD to inquire about SLSD '.
The semantic method of adding of this Web service makes enquiry module easily support best-effort inquiry.For example, enquiry module has added the SLSD ' of semantic tagger by processing, can support semantic keywords inquiry; Web service based on semantic similarity is found to realize as follows: on enquiry module Delay computing SLSD ', need the service node collection and the information thereof that compare, then by semantic similarity function, calculate with user and inquire about the Web service node that similarity is the highest, result is returned to user after by similarity descending sort.
The present invention's advantage compared with the prior art has:
1. different from the semantic Web service finding method of current pay-before-you-go pattern, the present invention realizes interpolation and the discovery of Web service semantic information from the angle of pay-as-you-go pattern; Comparatively speaking, the present invention more can describe the semantic information of dynamic Web service in time, improves the efficiency of Web service Semantic-finding.
2. the semantic adding method of pay-as-you-go pattern of the present invention not only can be applied in Web service discovery, also can be applied in data space and data integration environment, and for semantic query, research also has higher reference reference value.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the use flow process of the present invention in semantic Web service finding.
Fig. 2 is pay-as-you-go pattern semantic Web service finding method of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is that the present invention's WSDL document that may relate to while using is to the transfer process of SLSD model.
Embodiment
1. the use flow process of the present invention in semantic Web service finding:
The use flow process of the present invention in semantic Web service finding as shown in Figure 1.
First, ISP can directly use Web service descriptive model SLSD(Schema Later Service Description) their service described.The description process of Web service is exactly the building process of SLSD.In addition, the Web service Information generation SLSD in the data sources such as the WSDL document that also can be issued by ISP by (partly) Automatic Extraction, OWL-S document, UDDI, these information on services comprise functional description, operation, input and output of service etc.Then, use pay-as-you-go pattern semantic Web service finding method (content of the present invention), be supported in semantic keywords inquiry, the functions such as service discovery based on semantic similarity on SLSD.Finally, the Semantic-finding function that service requester can provide by system is searched the Web service needing.
SLSD is defined as follows:
Web service is described with a figure G:=(N, E), and wherein N is the set { N of node
1..., N
k, each node N
ithe right set N of a sequence properties-be worth
i={ (A
1 i, V
1 i) ... (A
n i, V
n i), A wherein
1 i..., A
n ifor sequence of attributes, V
1 i..., V
n ifor corresponding value sequence, value can be one group of vocabulary or one section of content of text, and the sequence of attributes of different nodes can be different.E is limit (N
i, N
j, set L), wherein N
i, N
j∈ N, i ≠ j, L is the label on limit, and L can be null value.
The basic skills of describing Web service with SLSD is: Web service is regarded as to node (attribute-value of node is to information such as the input of description Web service, outputs), and E describes the relation between same Web service inside or different Web services.SLSD is the model of utmost point loose structure, does not require data-mapping is arrived to specific schema, and its laxity is mainly manifested in: the node in SLSD can have different attributes, also can be different even describe the sequence of attributes of the node of similar entity; E can represent between node relation arbitrarily, when relation exists but when specifically which kind of relation is uncertain, L is null value, and when not existing between node while being related to,
.
Particularly point out: the present invention is not only applicable to SLSD data model, be also applicable to current other Web service descriptive models, the concrete conversion regime of model is shown in the explanation of the 3rd joint.Yet, we describe Web service with the schema-later data model of SLSD or similar this model at suggestion, because this is a kind of Web service describing method of pay-as-you-go pattern, can better realize pay-as-you-go pattern semantic Web service finding.
2. specific embodiment of the invention
Pay-as-you-go pattern semantic Web service finding method of the present invention is implemented as shown in Figure 2, and mainly interpolation (relating to step S1-4), Web service Semantic-finding (the relating to step S5) two parts by Web service semantic information form.Each step is described as follows:
Step S1: obtain Web service semantic information by number of ways such as Wordnet generation automatically, machine learning, user feedback, content of text excavations, the semantemes such as the synonym of these Web service information, nearly justice, antisense, overall situation part, from simple to complex progress growth Semantic mapping rule are obtained in analysis.Semantic mapping rule shape as: the member that A is-a B(reflection A is B); The synonymy of A same-as B(reflection A, B) etc.
Step S2: when user inquires about, according to the search request of natural language analysis, keyword extraction method analysis user, in Semantic mapping rule base, select certain or some Semantic mapping rule that correlativity is large, and according to correlativity height, these Semantic mapping rules are provided to evaluations (scoring or sort).
Step S3: according to inquiry needs, the semantic tagger that Delay computing is relevant to Semantic mapping rule.
Delay computing method: the Semantic mapping rule obtaining according to delayed evaluation, system call function getSemanticAnnotation () calculates and return the content of semantic tagger.The form of semantic tagger be node attribute-value to or limit.
Function getSemanticAnnotation (): read, resolve the Semantic mapping rule that delayed evaluation obtains, whether judgment rule is relevant to the attribute of node in SLSD model or node, if relevant to node, the content of computing semantic mark, with the attribute of node-be worth right form to return; If relevant to the attribute of node, the content of computing semantic mark, returns with the form on limit between node.
Step S4: the semantic tagger that Delay computing is obtained adds in SLSD model, generates SLSD ' model containing semantic information and (sees that arrow that in figure, runic shows and attribute-value are to (A
k 1, V
k 1)).
Adding method is as follows: internodal semantic association represents with limit, and the semanteme of nodal community adds attribute-value centering in the mode expanding.
Step S5: Query Result is processed and returned to semantic query.Because the mode of semantic tagger does not change the structure of SLSD, so enquiry module do not need special expansion just can support semantic query, still uses the enquiry module of SLSD to inquire about SLSD '.
The semantic method of adding of this Web service makes enquiry module easily support best-effort inquiry.For example, enquiry module has added the SLSD ' of semantic tagger by processing, can support semantic keywords inquiry; Web service based on semantic similarity is found to realize as follows: on enquiry module Delay computing SLSD ', need the service node collection and the information thereof that compare, then by semantic similarity function, calculate with user and inquire about the Web service node that similarity is the highest, result is returned to user after by similarity descending sort.
3. the document transfer process that may relate to when the present invention uses:
The WSDL document that may relate to when the present invention uses to the transfer process of SLSD model as shown in Figure 3.
It should be noted that: for other Web service descriptive models of non-SLSD, can be all SLSD model by this model conversion, and then support the pay-as-you-go pattern semantic Web service finding on this model.Take the WSDL(Web Services Description Language commonly using) model is shown in Fig. 3 as example, transfer process, in figure, the left side is WSDL document, the SLSD model that the right forms for conversion, conversion method is as follows:
1) element of WSDL is converted to the node of SLSD model
For example, the element of WSDL " message " (getTermRequest and getTermResponse), " porttype " (glossaryTerms) are converted to respectively node " 1 ", " 2 " and " 3 " of SLSD model;
2) content of element be converted to node attribute-it is right to be worth
Attribute-the value of node " 1 " that is converted to SLSD model as element " message " content (getTermRequest) is to { (messagename, " getTermRequest "), (partname, " term ") ...; Element " message " content (getTermResponse) is converted to the attribute-value of node " 2 " of SLSD model to { (messagename, " getTermResponse "), (partname, " value ") ...; Element " porttype " content (glossaryTerms) is converted to the attribute-value of node " 3 " of SLSD model to { (portTypename, " glossaryTerms "), (operationname, " getTerm ") ...; 3) relation between element represents with the directed edge of SLSD model.
Other model ways are similar, and this slightly.
Claims (1)
- The semantic web service discovery method of 1.pay-as-you-go pattern, operation steps is as follows:1) by approach such as Wordnet generation automatically, machine learning, user feedback, content of text excavations, obtain Web service semantic information, progress growth Semantic mapping rule, as is-a, same-as;2) when user inquires about, system needs delayed evaluation Semantic mapping rule according to inquiry, the semantic tagger that Delay computing is relevant to rule;Delayed evaluation method: when user inquires about, according to the search request of natural language analysis, keyword extraction method analysis user, select certain or some Semantic mapping rule of correlativity maximum in Semantic mapping rule base;Delay computing method: the Semantic mapping rule obtaining according to delayed evaluation, system call function getSemanticAnnotation () calculates and returns the content of semantic tagger, attribute-value that the form of semantic tagger is node to or limit;Function getSemanticAnnotation (): read, resolve the Semantic mapping rule that delayed evaluation obtains, whether judgment rule is relevant to the attribute of node in SLSD model or node, if relevant to node, the content of computing semantic mark, with the attribute of node-be worth right form to return; If relevant to the attribute of node, the content of computing semantic mark, returns with the form on limit between node;3) semantic tagger Delay computing being obtained adds in SLSD model, generates the SLSD ' model containing semantic information;Adding method is as follows: internodal semantic association represents with limit, and the semanteme of nodal community adds attribute-value centering in the mode expanding;4) Query Result is processed and returned to semantic query; Because the mode of semantic tagger does not change the structure of SLSD, so enquiry module do not need special expansion just can support semantic query, still uses the enquiry module of SLSD to inquire about SLSD ';The semantic method of adding of this Web service makes enquiry module easily support best-effort inquiry; For example, enquiry module has added the SLSD ' of semantic tagger by processing, can support semantic keywords inquiry; Web service based on semantic similarity is found to realize as follows: on enquiry module Delay computing SLSD ', need the service node collection and the information thereof that compare, then by semantic similarity function, calculate with user and inquire about the Web service node that similarity is the highest, result is returned to user after by similarity descending sort.
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| US8326856B2 (en) * | 2002-05-15 | 2012-12-04 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method and apparatus of automatic method signature adaptation for dynamic web service invocation |
| CN101567005A (en) * | 2009-05-07 | 2009-10-28 | 浙江大学 | Semantic service registration and query method based on WordNet |
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