CN1035275A - Remove the water treatment method of low-concentration organic - Google Patents
Remove the water treatment method of low-concentration organic Download PDFInfo
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- CN1035275A CN1035275A CN88100597A CN88100597A CN1035275A CN 1035275 A CN1035275 A CN 1035275A CN 88100597 A CN88100597 A CN 88100597A CN 88100597 A CN88100597 A CN 88100597A CN 1035275 A CN1035275 A CN 1035275A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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Abstract
The invention belongs to water treatment field.The present invention adopts granular inert media, as haydite, zeolite etc., replace gac as microbe carrier, remove the biodegradable organism of lower concentration in the water, compare with the biological activated carbon method, reduced the initial cost of treatment facility and working cost and keep roughly the same treatment effect.The present invention is applicable to that water treatment system and effluent quality that the water source is polluted are demanding, needs the Sewage treatment systems of reuse as emission standard strictness or water outlet.
Description
The invention belongs to feedwater and sewage treatment area, it is a kind of treatment process of removing lower concentration biodegradable organic in the water, be used for water treatment system and the demanding Sewage treatment systems of effluent quality polluted at the water source, for example water outlet is disposed to the water body of water quality requirement strictness or needs the Sewage treatment systems of reuse.
The present invention is the development and the improvement of biological activated carbon method.
Gac be with carbonaceous materials such as coal, timber, shell or beastly bone through destructive distillation and with superheated vapour at high temperature handle and powdery or granulous decolorizing carbon.In the manufacturing processed, much more extremely the inner hole that forms of activated carbon granule has huge specific surface area, and the surface generates many functional groups, constitutes the active centre; Huge specific surface area and active centre make gac have very strong physics and chemical adsorption capacity, can remove multiple pollutent in the water.For the ease of using, reclaim and regeneration, the general granular carbon that adopts in the water treatment.
Gac is used for to the existing about 60 years history of water treatment.To sixties end, every Western Europe country uses gac more at large in giving water treatment, and treatment scheme is generally: source water → prechlorination → conventional processing → charcoal absorption → sterilization can be referred to as the prechlorination activated carbon method.The shortcoming of this method is, organism and chlorine generate the stronger organic chloride of molecular polarity in the water, is difficult for being charcoal absorption, cause in the water outlet organic chloride substrate concentration higher, and some material wherein as trichloromethane, has been identified carcinogenesis.Simultaneously, only there is some months the regeneration period of gac.
For fear of producing a large amount of organic chlorides, the sixties have begun to replace with ozone the test and the practical application of chlorine.Compare with prechlorination, pre-ozonation obviously improves effluent quality, and the regeneration period of charcoal greatly prolongs.Studies show that, pre-ozonation can improve organic biodegradable in the water, oxygen that contains in the ozonize gas and ozone decompose the oxygen that generates has increased oxygen in water, and competent nutriment and oxygen make microorganism a large amount of breedings on gac.When the dissolved oxygen content that pre-ozonation produces is not enough, can be in the water that enters before active-carbon bed oxygenation to keep the required aerobic condition of microorganism normal activity.Organic pollutant in the water has been removed in existence of microorganism and activity on the gac just, just makes gac move the several years and need not regenerate, and remains good effluent quality.Breeding and death along with microorganism, the microbial film of progressive additive can stop up active-carbon bed interior water stream channel on the gac, therefore at set intervals, is generally a couple of days or several weeks, need carry out back flushing to active-carbon bed, impel biofilm detachment and renewal on the gac.A large amount of microorganisms owing to growing on this gac are gone back biologically active except that having physical and chemical activity, therefore can be referred to as biological activated carbon, use the water treatment method of biological activated carbon to be called the biological activated carbon method.Since the seventies, used pre-ozonation to add biological activated carbon and carried out having obtained certainly and extensive application to water treatment.Application example both domestic and external can be respectively referring to " drinking water deep is handled research " (" Chinese water supply and drainage ", p16～21, No.4, Vol3,1987) and " Miu Haimu flow process (The M ü lheim process) " (" J.AWWA ", p393, No.7, Vol70,1978).
In sewage disposal, the biological activated carbon method has also obtained extensive studies and application.With the same in giving water treatment, gac has also experienced from utilizing its physical and chemical adsorption to affact progressively to be familiar with and utilize its evolution as bio-carrier, performance microorganism biological Degradation merely in Application of Sewage, and operation scheme is also roughly the same.Different is, Pollutant levels are higher in the sewage, and pre-ozonation throwing amount is big, expense is high, just uses at a puss in sewage disposal; The oxygen-containing gas that the required dissolved oxygen of microbial activities is generally added by Xiang Shuizhong is supplied with, oxygen-containing gas remove can add in enter before active-carbon bed water at home and abroad, also can blast from active-carbon bed bottom; Microbial growth is very fast, and back flushing is shorter pitch time.The biological activated carbon method can be used for sewage second-level to be handled, but the sewage advanced processes that is used for more, promptly is positioned at after two stage biological handles, and further reduces organic pollutant content in the water.
In sum, the biological activated carbon method can be described below:
(1) utilize the effect of gac physical and chemical adsorption to remove water pollutant;
(2) utilize the biological degradation of the microorganism that grows on the gac to remove biodegradable organic pollutant in the water;
(3) in the regeneration of activated carbon cycle very long (general more than 1 year and even several years), act as main effect described in (2);
(4), the biofilm detachment of growth on it is upgraded, avoid active-carbon bed obstruction at set intervals to active-carbon bed back flushing;
(5) supply mode of the required dissolved oxygen of microorganism can be to add the gas that contains oxygen and/or ozone in the water that enters before active-carbon bed, also can be to blast oxygen-containing gas from active-carbon bed bottom, also both and use;
(6) be mainly used in the feedwater lower occasion of organic concentration in the water such as advanced processes, wastewater reuse processing of disposing of sewage.
The shortcoming of biological activated carbon method is that the gac price is very high; Moist gac has very strong corrodibility, and contacted with it equipment need be done rotproofing or use the stainless steel manufacturing, and gac intensity is lower, and breakage is big during back flushing, loses more with current; So biological activated carbon method initial cost and working cost are very high.
The object of the present invention is to provide organic matter removal effect in the roughly the same water of a kind of maintenance and biological activated carbon method, but can significantly reduce initial cost and working cost, the present productivity developmental level of suitable China, the water treatment method of removal low-concentration organic.
The present invention adopts granular inert media to replace granular carbon as microbe carrier, the shortcoming that gac brought that select that price is low for use, non-corrosiveness, inert media that intensity is high just can overcome the price height, corrodibility is strong, intensity is low.
So-called granular inert media is meant the particulate material with the such physical and chemical adsorption ability of gac.Their granule interior is hole seldom, as quartz sand; Or macropore is only arranged and micropore (diameter is less than 40A) seldom, as zeolite; Though or have micropore but not to be communicated with outside surface, as haydite.Alternative in addition granular inert media also has blast-furnace slag, coke, medical stone etc.The performance perameter of they and gac relatively sees the following form.It is worthy of note that institute's column of figure can change to some extent with the place of production is different in the table, even bigger variation, in any case but, the difference of granular inert media and gac is significant all the time.
Price is piled up unit weight cylindrical compress strength specific surface area
(unit/rice
3) (* 10
3Kilogram (kilograms per centimeter
2) (* 10
6Rice
2/
/ rice
3) rice
3)
Gac 1,700 0.45 2.1 405
Quartz sand 300 1.60 12.1 1.2
Haydite 210 0.68 15.5 0.3
Zeolite 300 0.69 9.7 0.3
Blast-furnace slag 10 0.80 8.2 1.0
Coke 500 0.50 5.5 0.8
Medical stone 500 1.20 7.4 1.1
Distinctive physical and chemical adsorption effect of the mechanism of action of biological activated carbon, particularly gac and the relation between the biological degradation of contained microorganism on it it be unclear that.Generally accepted hypothesis is thought: charcoal absorption organism and dissolved oxygen, make it on the carbon granule surface and hole in enrichment, help improving the biodegradation rate of microorganism; The biological degradation of microorganism is regenerated the adsorptive power of gac; Both promote that mutually formation acts synergistically and is not only simple adduction.Yet in the research process to biological activated carbon method mechanism, the contriver recognizes gradually, and is true really not so, now is summarized as follows: the core of synergy hypothesis and according to being that extracellular enzyme regeneration is said.Because the microorganism individuality is much larger than gac internal holes hole dia, only can be present in the carbon granule outside surface, have only by the excretory extracellular enzyme and just may react with the organism that mainly is adsorbed in the carbon granule hole, just may get in touch between charcoal absorption effect and the microbiological deterioration, and then promote mutually.But owing to many-sided reason, extracellular enzyme regeneration is said and is failed to obtain strict experimental verification so far.The contriver is to the size of extracellular enzyme molecule and gac internal holes hole dia, and studies show that the microbiological deterioration approach of phenols and compound fragrant hydrocarbon: the bio-degradation reactions of phenols and compound fragrant hydrocarbon mainly is the intracellular enzyme reaction, and extracellular enzyme regeneration is said and can not be suitable for; Therefore and theoretical calculate is pointed out the extracellular enzyme molecule greater than the activated carbon capillary diameter, can't enter, and also just can't react with the material that is adsorbed in the main adsorption zone-micropore of gac.In addition, gac mainly is a chemisorption to the absorption of dissolved oxygen, can not play the effect that improves the microorganism biological degradation rate.Therefore, the biological degradation that the adsorption of gac and its are gone up contained microorganism is mutually independently basically, is simple adduction and non-synergistic effect, and this theory has obtained the support of testing, and repeatedly the rule that goes out of experimental summary is shown in figure one.Abscissa T is working time among the figure one, and ordinate E is an organic removal rate, is microbe carrier with gac and granular inert media, and treatment effect is under the same conditions provided by curve 1,2 respectively.From figure one as can be seen:
(1) along with the charcoal absorption capacity is saturated gradually, clearance descends gradually, to t
2The time deteriorated to simple microbe carrier, reach steady state;
(2) along with microorganism breeds on the inert material particulate matter gradually, clearance rises gradually, to t
1The time reach steady state;
When (3) gac and inert material particulate matter all reach steady state, has same clearance;
(4) to represent respectively with gac and granular inert media be the organic matter removal total amount of the method for microbe carrier to the area of curve 1,2 and T between centers, the difference of both organic matter removal total amounts is by the area representative of 1,2 of curves, and the former organic matter removal total amount is more greatly because have the adsorptive power that the latter does not have;
(5) improve the latter's starting technique, make it to reach as early as possible steady state, can dwindle the poor of both organic matter removal total amounts within the specific limits;
(6) both reduce with the continuity that moves the ratio of difference with the organic matter removal total amount of organic matter removal total amount.
Therefore, under working time very long situation, not only clearance is equally matched for both, and it is gradually equal to remove total amount.Granular inert media can replace gac does not weaken contained microorganism on it as microbe carrier biological degradation fully, obtains the treatment effect roughly the same with the biological activated carbon method, and initial cost and working cost are greatly reduced.
The dissolved oxygen supply mode of biological activated carbon can use in the present invention, but adopts the mode that blasts air from the bed bottom more.The accumulation unit weight of most inert materials is greater than gac, so need bigger back washing strength; In order to shorten backwashing time, to reduce the back flushing water yield, adopt combined water and air backwash more.So utilizing same set of distribution device oxygen supply after the back flushing is exactly what follow a well mapped-out plan.Certainly, this also is not precluded within the occasion that is necessary, adds the gas that contains oxygen and/or ozone in the water before entering bed, as the means of supplementing out economy of oxygen supply or improve organic biodegradable in the water.Said oxygen-containing gas can be air, oxygen rich gas or pure oxygen.Obtain economically unless can make things convenient for the back both, generally all use air oxygen supply and back flushing.In a word, adopt maximum oxygen supply modes to be among the present invention: the required dissolved oxygen of microorganism is partly or entirely supplied with by the air that blasts from the bed bottom.
With the same in the filtration, current can have from the top down and two kinds from bottom to top by the motion of granular inert media bed, are called down to stream and upward flow.In the present invention, the both can use, but adopts the latter, and promptly current and oxygen-containing gas all enter from the bed bottom, by bed, is better choice upwards.Although the theoretical analysis about interphase mass transfer is pointed out, the gas-liquid two-phase energy of flow in opposite directions remains on the suitable level mass transfer force between gas-liquid two-phase, and the gas lift velocity that can slow down, prolong two-phase duration of contact, more favourable to mass transfer; But except will considering the mass transfer problem of oxygen from the gas phase to the liquid phase, also to consider demand and the utilization of microorganism here to oxygen.Microorganism causes along water (flow) direction organic assimilation and degraded in the water, and organic concentration reduces gradually, and microbe population reduces gradually, and the demand and the consumption of oxygen reduced gradually.Current and oxygen-containing gas pass through bed equidirectionally, make in the water that organic concentration is the highest, microorganism at most, there is the most competent oxygen supply in the strongest, the demand of oxygen of biological degradation and the place of consumption maximum, the phenomenon that unlikely generation is given full play to because of the not enough restriction micro-organisms effect of oxygen supply has also improved the utilization ratio of oxygen.
Implementing main technical details of the present invention has: bed height, flow velocity, hydraulic detention time, gas velocity (gas-water ratio), granular inert media particle diameter etc.Wherein, bed height=hydraulic detention time * flow velocity.Each parameter value choose mainly with former water in organic concentration, kind and relevant to going out requirements in water quality.For example, select for use long hydraulic detention time can obtain effluent quality preferably, but when flow velocity was constant, the bed that needs are thicker this means that investment increases; And for example, select for use less gas velocity can cut down the consumption of energy and working cost, but never can therefore limit giving full play to of biological degradation; Select for use smaller particle size to help increasing the microorganic adhesion area for another example, improve biodegradation rate, but bed is easy to plug, backwashing period is shorter.
Be recommended in and select each parameter value in the following scope for use:
2～3 meters of bed heights
3～12 meters of flow velocities/time
Gas-water ratio (volume ratio) 1: 1～3: 1
1.5～4 millimeters of particle diameters
In most cases, value can obtain satisfied effect in this scope.To the occasion of minority special water quality and particular requirement, to the parameter value analysis of influential factors, adopt the method for parallel test according to above-mentioned, these professional those skilled in the art are not difficult to find the suitable parameters value beyond above-mentioned span.
Method provided by the present invention is compared with the biological activated carbon method, and the organic matter removal effect is roughly the same in the water, but because need not be expensive, the very strong gac of corrodibility when moist, greatly reduce initial cost and working cost.Under the present productivity developmental level of China, help promoting the advanced treatment of feedwater and sewage, be of value to people's health and improve environment.
Shown in Figure 1 is the clearance of the granular inert media that draws in the test of many times and granular carbon with the Changing Pattern of working time, is provided by curve 1 and 2 respectively.All the other each figure is all relevant with embodiment, sees also among the embodiment explanation to drawing.
Experimental installation as shown in Figure 2, upwards by active carbon bed 5 or granular inert media bed 6, the water 7 after the processing flows out from device top the former water 3 that contains low-concentration organic with air 4.Former water is the artificial preparation water that contains toluene, about concentration 5 mg/litre, and 10 centimetres of bed heights, 6.3 meters of flow velocities/time, air water volume ratio 1: 1, gac and inert media particle diameter are 1.75～2.25 millimeters, and experimental result is as shown in Figure 3.Curve 8～11 is respectively the changing conditions of the clearance E of gac, zeolite, haydite, blast-furnace slag with running time T.
Identical among experimental installation and the embodiment 1, as shown in Figure 2.Former water is the artificial preparation water that contains phenol, about 20 mg/litre of concentration, and 20 centimetres of bed heights, 10 meters of flow velocities/time, air water volume ratio 2: 1, gac and inert media particle diameter are 1.5～2.0 millimeters.Experimental result as shown in Figure 4.Curve 12～15 is respectively the changing conditions of the clearance E of gac, haydite, quartz sand, coke with running time T.
Identical among experimental installation and the embodiment 1, as shown in Figure 2.Former water is the artificial preparation water that contains phenol, concentration 13～16 mg/litre, 20 centimetres of bed heights, 3 meters of flow velocities/time air water volume ratio 3: 1, gac and inert media particle diameter are 2.0～4.0 millimeters.Experimental result as shown in Figure 5, curve 16～19 is respectively the changing conditions of the clearance E of gac, haydite, zeolite, medical stone with running time T.Can find out more than you knowly that from following table various media have roughly the same removal effect.
Water inlet contains the phenol total amount and removes total amount removal per-cent
Gac 676.2 grams 276.0 grams 40.8%
Haydite 670.4 grams 261.7 grams 39.0%
Zeolite 679.9 grams 300.0 grams 44.1%
Medical stone 668.9 grams 261.4 grams 39.1%
Experimental installation as shown in Figure 6.Former water 3 passes through inert media bed 6 in the same way and inversely with air 4 respectively, and the water 7 after the processing flows out from the device upper and lower respectively.Former water is the water outlet of Yanshan District Dongsha, Beijing river after coagulating sedimentation is handled, and the big portion of this river flow is from the sanitary sewage and the factory effluent (water coolant and wash-down water etc.) of Yanshan Petro-Chemical Industry Corporation's discharging.Used inert media is a haydite, 2～4 millimeters of particle diameters, and 2 meters of bed heights, air water volume ratio 1: 1, upward flow was respectively 10 minutes and 40 minutes with the following residence time to stream.The result such as the following table of 54 days experiment operation:
Under the upward flow to stream
Water inlet COD mean value (mg/l) 57.3 57.3
Average effluent COD (mg/l) 37.6 38.2
Clearance (%) 34.4 33.3
Influent concentration mean value (degree) 10.1 10.1
Go out water concentration mean value (degree) 6.2 6.1
Clearance (%) 38.6 39.6
Claims (4)
1, a kind of water treatment method
(1) is carrier with the particulate matter, utilizes organic pollutant in the removal of microorganisms water of growing on it;
(2) supply mode of the required dissolved oxygen of microbial activities is to add the gas that contains oxygen and/or ozone in the water before entering the particulate matter bed, or blasts oxygen-containing gas from particulate matter bed bottom, or both and use;
(3) at set intervals to the particle layers back flushing;
(4) be used for removing the occasion of low-concentration organic in the water as giving water treatment, reusing sewage processing and sewage advanced processes etc.;
It is characterized in that said particulate matter is that inert material is made.
2, the method for claim 1 is characterized in that the required dissolved oxygen of microorganism is partly or entirely by the air supply that blasts from particulate matter bed bottom.
3, method as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that current are bottom-up by the particulate matter bed.
4,, it is characterized in that main technical details value in following scope as claim 1,2 or 3 described methods:
2～3 meters of bed heights
3～12 meters of flow velocities/time
Hydraulic detention time 10～60 minutes
Air water volume ratio 1: 1～3: 1
1.5～4 millimeters of inert media particle diameters
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN88100597A CN1021571C (en) | 1988-02-27 | 1988-02-27 | Water processing method for removing low-concentration organic matters |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN88100597A CN1021571C (en) | 1988-02-27 | 1988-02-27 | Water processing method for removing low-concentration organic matters |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1035275A true CN1035275A (en) | 1989-09-06 |
| CN1021571C CN1021571C (en) | 1993-07-14 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN88100597A Expired - Fee Related CN1021571C (en) | 1988-02-27 | 1988-02-27 | Water processing method for removing low-concentration organic matters |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101279791B (en) * | 2008-05-23 | 2010-04-07 | 济南丹穗净水设备有限公司 | Advanced treatment method for drinking water |
| CN104211169A (en) * | 2014-09-05 | 2014-12-17 | 同济大学 | Polyhydroxy copolyester based denitrification method and system |
| CN111372896A (en) * | 2017-09-27 | 2020-07-03 | 布吕歇尔有限公司 | Method and system for treating and/or purifying water |
| CN112566715A (en) * | 2019-07-25 | 2021-03-26 | 环保视野株式会社 | Wastewater treatment apparatus and wastewater treatment method |
-
1988
- 1988-02-27 CN CN88100597A patent/CN1021571C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101279791B (en) * | 2008-05-23 | 2010-04-07 | 济南丹穗净水设备有限公司 | Advanced treatment method for drinking water |
| CN104211169A (en) * | 2014-09-05 | 2014-12-17 | 同济大学 | Polyhydroxy copolyester based denitrification method and system |
| CN104211169B (en) * | 2014-09-05 | 2016-08-24 | 同济大学 | Denitrification method based on poly-hydroxyl copolyesters and system thereof |
| CN111372896A (en) * | 2017-09-27 | 2020-07-03 | 布吕歇尔有限公司 | Method and system for treating and/or purifying water |
| CN111372896B (en) * | 2017-09-27 | 2022-06-07 | 布吕歇尔有限公司 | Method and system for treating and/or purifying water |
| CN112566715A (en) * | 2019-07-25 | 2021-03-26 | 环保视野株式会社 | Wastewater treatment apparatus and wastewater treatment method |
| CN112566715B (en) * | 2019-07-25 | 2024-04-30 | 环保视野株式会社 | Wastewater treatment device and wastewater treatment method |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1021571C (en) | 1993-07-14 |
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