CN103525383A - Film-forming drilling fluid suitable for coal-bed gas well and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Film-forming drilling fluid suitable for coal-bed gas well and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103525383A CN103525383A CN201310485959.4A CN201310485959A CN103525383A CN 103525383 A CN103525383 A CN 103525383A CN 201310485959 A CN201310485959 A CN 201310485959A CN 103525383 A CN103525383 A CN 103525383A
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- plugging agent
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- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 99
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical group [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000663 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- DIFFLMNDXWOKQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [K].O[Si](O)(O)O Chemical compound [K].O[Si](O)(O)O DIFFLMNDXWOKQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- HLBBKKJFGFRGMU-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium formate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C=O HLBBKKJFGFRGMU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- WFIZEGIEIOHZCP-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium formate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C=O WFIZEGIEIOHZCP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003623 enhancer Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 18
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 11
- 235000019422 polyvinyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 239000002734 clay mineral Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 6
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 5
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical group [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 208000013201 Stress fracture Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 4
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- SCPYDCQAZCOKTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silanol Chemical compound [SiH3]O SCPYDCQAZCOKTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000010392 Bone Fractures Diseases 0.000 description 1
- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M Formate Chemical compound [O-]C=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 206010017076 Fracture Diseases 0.000 description 1
- JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium ion Chemical compound [Mg+2] JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XQCFHQBGMWUEMY-ZPUQHVIOSA-N Nitrovin Chemical compound C=1C=C([N+]([O-])=O)OC=1\C=C\C(=NNC(=N)N)\C=C\C1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)O1 XQCFHQBGMWUEMY-ZPUQHVIOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical class [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009545 invasion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001425 magnesium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010534 mechanism of action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000452 restraining effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005372 silanol group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/02—Well-drilling compositions
- C09K8/04—Aqueous well-drilling compositions
- C09K8/14—Clay-containing compositions
- C09K8/18—Clay-containing compositions characterised by the organic compounds
- C09K8/22—Synthetic organic compounds
- C09K8/24—Polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/02—Well-drilling compositions
- C09K8/04—Aqueous well-drilling compositions
- C09K8/06—Clay-free compositions
- C09K8/08—Clay-free compositions containing natural organic compounds, e.g. polysaccharides, or derivatives thereof
- C09K8/10—Cellulose or derivatives thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/02—Well-drilling compositions
- C09K8/04—Aqueous well-drilling compositions
- C09K8/06—Clay-free compositions
- C09K8/12—Clay-free compositions containing synthetic organic macromolecular compounds or their precursors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/02—Well-drilling compositions
- C09K8/04—Aqueous well-drilling compositions
- C09K8/14—Clay-containing compositions
- C09K8/18—Clay-containing compositions characterised by the organic compounds
- C09K8/20—Natural organic compounds or derivatives thereof, e.g. polysaccharides or lignin derivatives
- C09K8/206—Derivatives of other natural products, e.g. cellulose, starch, sugars
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a film-forming drilling fluid suitable for a coal-bed gas well and a preparation method thereof, wherein the film-forming drilling fluid comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.1-0.3% of a viscosity enhancer; 2.0-5.0% of a film forming agent; coating flocculant 0.1-0.3%; 0.2-5.0% of plugging agent; 1.0-10.0% of plugging agent; 0.05-0.2% of alkalinity regulator; the balance being water. The invention can quickly form a low-permeability blocking layer at the pore throat of the coal rock, prevent fluid or solid phase from entering the coal bed, effectively prevent and slow down fluid leakage, and prevent easily-hydrated substances in coal rock cutting and cracks from expanding, dispersing and polluting the reservoir.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of film forming drilling fluid that is applicable to coal bed gas well and preparation method thereof, applicable to coal bed gas well and there is large space and the high leakiness stratomere of rate of permeation, be also applicable to the sandstone formation operation that Reservoir Section rate of permeation is higher.
Background technology
China's coal bed gas resource is very abundant, but the CBM exploration and development of China is also in the starting stage at present.Along with deepening continuously of cbm development, during drilling well, coal seam borehole wall stability and coal seam section reservoir protection problem become increasingly conspicuous, and seriously restrict coal-seam gas mass-producing exploitation and go into operation.If there is down-hole complex accident when coal petrography section is crept into, not only can incur loss through delay job schedule and also can cause great financial loss.
Because coal seam has special rock property, make cbm development compare also and make a big difference with other conventional gas and oil fields.
(1) chemical aspect: dissimilar water-base drilling fluid filtrate enters coal seam, all makes the ultimate compression strength of coal petrography and tensile strength reduce.Filtrate enters the microfracture in coal seam under the effect of pressure reduction, and the pressure of generation can strut crack, destroys coal petrography.Filtrate in drilling fluid enters after coal petrography, the generation hydration swelling that can absorb water of the clay mineral in the microfracture of coal seam, and the centre due to coal petrography is often being mingled with carbonaceous mud stone or the very high ickings inferior of shale index simultaneously, and these compositions have very strong susceptibility to water.These composition water-absorbents are strong, exist to expand or Swelling, and the effect of water can change original stress equilibrium, thereby loses original stability, and hydration swelling causes stress raisers, cause that coal seam is peeled off to cave in.
(2) terms of mechanics: from mechanics angle, hole instability can be divided into slump in and two kinds of situations of formation fracture.Coal seam microfracture is grown, and coal petrography Young's modulus is compared with sandstone, shale little (sandstone is 20000 ~ 30000, and coal petrography only has 5000), and Poisson's ratio is large; Under the effect of external force, can change original stress equilibrium, thereby lose original stability, cause borehole well instability and collapse.
In wellbore construction, drilling fluid filtrate and various solid phase particles, under the effect of fluid column pressure, enter cracks in coal seam or hole, stop up coal seam gas passage, and severe patient causes borehole well instability, cause production capacity to reduce, and directly affect later development.There is following limitation in the additive for drilling fluid product that therefore, improves at present stratum anti-pressure ability (protection reservoir stable):
(1) most drilling fluid materialses have potential injury to payzone; (2) plugging strength is not high, in drilling well, may be pressed and leak because pressure reduction is too high; (3) unconsolidated formation is not had to reinforcement effect; (4) although also there is portioned product can form film plugging structure, membrane structure is single, for the effect that improves stratum anti-pressure ability, is not clearly; (5) the hydrophilic characteristic of conventional material forms mud cake in nearly borehole wall area, stop that fluid enters, but coal seam lipophilicity is strong, and it is poor that conventional material cannot form the mud cake quality of mud cake or formation.
In addition, China Patent No. " 200610165821.6 " discloses a kind of preparation method of high-performance filming water-base drilling fluid system, and open day is on 06 18th, 2008.It uses the representative formula of the high-performance filming water-base drilling fluid system of salt solution preparation to be: the saturated NACL aqueous solution+1-3% of 10%-water retaining+0.3-0.5% polymeric viscosifiers+0.5-1% coating agent+2.5-5% amido shale control agent+3-4% lubricant+7-8% membrane-forming agent.But also there are the following problems for this patent: in film forming drilling fluid, the main component of membrane-forming agent is silicate, silicate is strong basicity (general pH is more than 10), coalbed methane reservoir section coal petrography has the quick property of strong alkali, and the too high meeting of pH causes Permeability Oe Coal And Porous Rock And Fractured Rock to reduce reservoir is caused to damage; The main mechanism of action of silicate be its silanol groups by and local water or crack CLAY MINERALS AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE in calcium ions and magnesium ions effect generate the precipitations such as silanol calcium, because coal petrography is low permeability reservoir, coal petrography itself is reservoir and reservoir, the precipitation meeting shutoff reservoir that silicate generates, causes reservoir permanent injury.In addition, existing film forming drilling fluid mainly for be mud shale stratum, not strong for the shutoff film-forming properties of coal bearing seams, be mainly because coal petrography lipophilicity is greater than wetting ability, the mud cake quality that existing film forming drilling fluid forms on coal petrography surface is bad or not strong.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the problems referred to above that existing drilling fluid exists, a kind of film forming drilling fluid that is applicable to coal bed gas well and preparation method thereof is provided, adopt the rapid plugged zone in coal petrography surface and a hyposmosis of pore throat place formation of film forming drilling fluid energy of the present invention, play and stop fluid or solid phase enters coal seam, effectively prevention, slowing down fluid leakage, prevent easily hydrate matter expansion in coal petrography hugger and crack, disperse and pollution reservoir.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
A film forming drilling fluid for coal bed gas well, is characterized in that, comprises the component of following mass percent:
Carry stick 0.1～0.3%;
Membrane-forming agent 2.0～5.0%;
Flocculant 0.1～0.3%;
Plugging agent 0.2～5.0%;
Plugging agent 1.0～10.0%;
Alkalinity regulator 0.05～0.2%;
Surplus is water.
The present invention also comprises prehydration slope soil paste, and the mass percentage content of prehydration slope soil paste is 4～10%.
The described stick of carrying is that Natvosol HEC and carboxyl methyl cellulose are formulated according to the mass ratio of 2:1.
The described stick of carrying is carboxyl methyl cellulose or Polyanionic Cellulose PAC-H.
Described membrane-forming agent be polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with sodium formiate, potassium formiate, organic silicic acid potassium or KCL at least one is formulated in any proportion.
Described flocculant is that polyacrylic acid potassium (K-PAM) and cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) are formulated according to the mass ratio of 1:1-2.
Described plugging agent be in 325 object calcium carbonate, 1250 object calcium carbonate superfine powders or sulfonated gilsonite one or more according to arbitrary proportion formulated.
Described plugging agent is that individual event pressure plugging agent DF-A and the thick mica of 100 objects or the thin mica of 200 objects are formulated according to arbitrary proportion according to leakage situation.
Described alkalinity regulator is sodium hydroxide.
A preparation method for the film forming drilling fluid of coal bed gas well, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
A, proportioning by mass percentage: carry stick 0.1～0.3%; Membrane-forming agent 2.0～5.0%; Flocculant 0.1～0.3%; Plugging agent 0.2～5.0%; Plugging agent 1.0～10.0%; Alkalinity regulator 0.05～0.2%; Surplus is water;
B, carry stick, plugging agent, membrane-forming agent and the flocculant of said ratio are added in clear water, be fully uniformly mixed;
C, add again the plugging agent of said ratio, stir it is fully uniformly dispersed;
D, with the alkalinity regulator of said ratio, pH value is adjusted to not higher than 10, during for Reservoir Section, pH is not higher than 9 again.
The present invention also comprises the step that adds prehydration slope soil paste, and after the plugging agent adding is uniformly dispersed, then to add mass percentage content be 4～10% prehydration slope soil pastes, and mix, then regulates pH value to adjust.
Employing the invention has the advantages that:
One, the present invention is by forming the Natvosol HEC, carboxyl methyl cellulose, PVAC polyvinylalcohol of micella and the mixture forming with the various polymkeric substance such as cationic polyacrylamide of positive charge, preferably improve the calcium carbonate of the different-grain diameter of Formation bearing pressure, while joining in water-base drilling fluid, the calcium carbonate of different-grain diameter is wherein the larger crack of shutoff rapidly; Polymer aggregational forms " micella ", under overbalance pressure, and pore throat place surperficial at coal petrography forms the plugged zone of a hyposmosis rapidly, play and stop fluid or solid phase enters coal seam, effectively prevention, slowing down fluid leakage, prevent easily hydrate matter expansion in coal petrography hugger and crack, disperse and pollution reservoir.
Two, the cation surface activating polymkeric substance in the present invention can be adsorbed on coal petrography surface, reduces the electrical of coal petrography surface and surface energy, and being convenient to plugging material can be at coal petrography surface formation plugged zone; Wherein PVAC polyvinylalcohol is a kind of tensio-active agent, molecular structure has amphipathic, its water-wet side and clay mineral form after physical adsorption, hydrophobic end is towards drilling fluid, so just can stop drilling fluid filtrate to continue to invade mud shale, the lipophilic group in its molecular structure can, in coal petrography surface adsorption, promote that the calcium carbonate in drilling fluid forms rapidly mud cake on coal petrography surface, reduce the intrusion of drilling fluid, thereby reach the effect that prevents borehole well instability; In drilling fluid, the cationic polyacrylamide of additive can adsorb rapidly on coal petrography surface, and acts synergistically with plugging material particle, promotes plugging agent on coal petrography surface, to form the intrusion of plugged zone minimizing filtrate; Because the film self forming has good snappiness, can also active balance leakage reservoir pressure, reduced that drilling tool removes, in turn on pump process, because of the secondary leakage that surge pressure or suction function cause, guarantee that construction carries out smoothly.
Three, the group that the present invention can utilize himself is fast in coal petrography surface adsorption, and the final adsorption film with some strength that forms, there is following characteristics: the micella in (1) drilling fluid has the size distribution with stratum coupling, effectively the microfracture on shutoff stratum seam; (2) form rapidly the plugged zone of hyposmosis, stop the further intrusion reservoir of drilling fluid; (3) there is the lipophilic group that can adsorb on coal petrography, can concur with the coal petrography of oleophylic and hydrophilic clay mineral; (4) plugged zone is just present in rock of borehole surface, be not deep into the reservoir deep (rock core of crossing through drilling fluid damage, to injure after plugged zone end face excision 5mm, rate of permeation reaches more than 85%), formed plugged zone can decompose under acidic conditions, and the technology such as the perforation by the later stage and acid fracturing just can be removed completely; (5) plugging film has strong bearing capacity (more than experimental results show that film anti-pressure ability that this drilling fluid forms can reach 0.7MPa), can make formation-parting pressure step increase, improves the stability of the borehole wall.Meet in the section wellbore construction process of coal bed gas well coal seam borehole wall stability requirement, there is again excellent reservoir protection characteristic, there is very large use value and potential economic benefit simultaneously.
Four, the present invention is by the component of following mass percent: carry stick 0.1～0.3%; Membrane-forming agent 2.0～5.0%; Flocculant 0.1～0.3%; Plugging agent 0.2～5.0%; Plugging agent 1.0～10.0%; Alkalinity regulator 0.05～0.2%; Surplus is water; Adopt this proportioning, the mode with " physics, chemical action combine ", can form compound closure rete in solid-liquid interface, meets the application on many cover pressure series of strata, different lithology stratum, and realizes the requirement of protection reservoir; And the content of each component is interrelated, wherein the consumption of any one component changes, all can cause the consumption of other component to change, and can affect the combining property of physics, chemical action, affect the performance of film forming drilling fluid, therefore, aforementioned component and content can not be tested and be drawn by limited number of time.
Five,, in the present invention, cation surface activating polymkeric substance can utilize the positive electric group of self on the coal petrography surface and the clay mineral in coal petrography hole with negative charge, stops fluid further to be invaded; Formate wherein can improve filtrate viscosity, reduces filtrate activity, reduces the invasion depth of fluid; Wherein PVAC polyvinylalcohol is a kind of tensio-active agent, molecular structure has amphipathic, its water-wet side and clay mineral form after physical adsorption, hydrophobic end is towards drilling fluid, so just can stop drilling fluid filtrate to continue to invade mud shale, the lipophilic group in its molecular structure can, in coal petrography surface adsorption, promote that the calcium carbonate in drilling fluid forms rapidly mud cake on coal petrography surface, reduce the intrusion of drilling fluid, thereby reach the effect that prevents borehole well instability; KCL wherein can play restraining effect to the clay mineral in mud stone and coal petrography, reduces the injury that its aquation is disperseed and migration causes reservoir; Natvosol can form " micella " in drilling fluid; can be at the plugged zone of pore throat place and a hyposmosis of place, crack formation; play and stop fluid or solid phase enters coal seam; effectively prevention, slowing down fluid leakage; preventing in coal petrography hugger and crack that easily hydrate matter expands, disperse and pollute reservoir has effectively reduced the solid phase that produces in drilling fluid filtrate and drilling process etc. and has entered reservoir; improved the bearing capacity of coal seam section; reduced the generation of leakage, guaranteed that down-hole is stable and protected reservoir.
Six, in the present invention, the described stick of carrying is that Natvosol and carboxymethyl cellulose are formulated according to the mass ratio of 2:1, these two kinds of polymkeric substance act synergistically best under this proportioning, it is carried and sticky cut plugging effect and be all eager to excel than the single dose of equal dosage, size or be less than the mass ratio of 2:1, all can affect synergy.
Seven, in the present invention, described flocculant is that polyacrylic acid potassium and cationic polyacrylamide are prepared according to the mass ratio of 1:1-2, under this proportioning, the synergy for the treatment of agent is best, its flocculation encapsulation action is more eager to excel in whatever one does than the single dose of equal dosage, size or be less than the mass ratio of 1:2, all can affect synergy.
Eight, the present invention also comprises prehydration slope soil paste, and the mass percentage content of prehydration slope soil paste is 4～10%, is used in conjunction with plugging agent, and plugging effect is better, is particularly useful for the situation that leakoff rate is larger.
Nine, compare with Chinese patent " 200610165821.6 ": the drilling fluid of existing patent mainly for be mud shale stratum, and the shutoff mechanism that mud shale stratum is realized is to form the permanent shutoff that silanol calcium etc. is realized, and can not acidifying remove; In the selected treatment agent of drilling fluid of this patent, there is amphipathic group, all there is the more effective absorption of energy on mud stone and coal petrography, and the plugging film of its formation can be sour molten, in later stage completion transformation, can remove completely by acidifying.
To sum up, adopt the present invention can at coal petrography pore throat place, form rapidly the plugged zone of a hyposmosis, play and stop fluid or solid phase enters coal seam, effectively stop, slowing down fluid leakage, prevent in coal petrography hugger and crack that easily hydrate matter expands, disperses and pollute reservoir.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
A film forming drilling fluid for coal bed gas well, comprises the component of following mass percent:
Prehydration slope soil paste 4%;
Carry stick 0.1%;
Membrane-forming agent 2.0%;
Flocculant 0.1%;
Plugging agent 0.2%;
Plugging agent 1.0%;
Alkalinity regulator 0.05%;
Surplus is water.
The preferred implementation of the present embodiment is that the described stick of carrying is that Natvosol HEC and carboxyl methyl cellulose are formulated according to the mass ratio of 2:1.This is optimal way, but is not limited to this.
In the present embodiment, described membrane-forming agent be polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with sodium formiate, potassium formiate, organic silicic acid potassium or KCL at least one is formulated in any proportion.
The another preferred implementation of the present embodiment is that described flocculant is that polyacrylic acid potassium (K-PAM) and cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) are formulated according to the mass ratio of 1:2.This is optimal way, but is not limited to this.
The another preferred implementation of the present embodiment is, described plugging agent be in 325 object calcium carbonate, 1250 object calcium carbonate superfine powders or sulfonated gilsonite one or more according to arbitrary proportion formulated.
In the present embodiment, described plugging agent is that individual event pressure plugging agent DF-A and the thick mica of 100 objects or the thin mica of 200 objects are formulated according to arbitrary proportion according to leakage situation.
In the present embodiment, described alkalinity regulator is sodium hydroxide.This is optimal selection, and also available existing allied substances is replaced.
The various polymkeric substance of the present embodiment are in conjunction with best results, and the mode of " physics, chemical action combine ", can form compound closure rete in solid-liquid interface, meet the application on many cover pressure series of strata, different lithology stratum, and realize the requirement of protection reservoir.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment and above-described embodiment are basic identical, and the key distinction is:
A film forming drilling fluid for coal bed gas well, is comprised of the component of following mass percent:
Prehydration slope soil paste 10.0%
Carry stick 0.3%;
Membrane-forming agent 5.0%;
Flocculant 0.3%;
Plugging agent 5.0%;
Plugging agent 10.0%
Alkalinity regulator 0.2%;
Surplus is water.
In the present embodiment, the described stick of carrying is carboxyl methyl cellulose or Polyanionic Cellulose PAC-H.
In the present embodiment, described membrane-forming agent is that sodium formiate and polyvinyl alcohol are formulated by the mass ratio of 2:1.
In the present embodiment, described flocculant is that polyacrylic acid potassium (K-PAM) and cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) are formulated according to the mass ratio of 1:1.
In the present embodiment, described plugging agent be 325 object calcium carbonate and 1250 object calcium carbonate superfine powders according to arbitrary proportion formulated.
In the present embodiment, described plugging agent is individual event pressure plugging agent DF-A.
In the present embodiment, amphipathic nature polyalcohol PVA can utilize the group active adsorption of self better on coal petrography surface and coal petrography, stops fluid further to be invaded.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment and above-described embodiment are basic identical, and the key distinction is:
A film forming drilling fluid for coal bed gas well, is comprised of the component of following mass percent:
Prehydration slope soil paste 6.0%;
Carry stick 0.2%;
Membrane-forming agent 3.0%;
Flocculant 0.2%;
Plugging agent 3.0%;
Alkalinity regulator 0.1%;
Surplus is water.
In the present embodiment, described membrane-forming agent is that polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is formulated in any proportion with organic silicic acid potassium and KCL.
In the present embodiment, described flocculant is that polyacrylic acid potassium (K-PAM) and cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) are formulated according to the mass ratio of 1:1.5.
Described plugging agent be in 325 object calcium carbonate, 1250 object calcium carbonate superfine powders or sulfonated gilsonite one or more according to arbitrary proportion formulated.
Described plugging agent is that individual event pressure plugging agent DF-A and the thick mica of 100 objects or the thin mica of 200 objects are formulated according to arbitrary proportion according to leakage situation.
In the present embodiment, carrying stick is 0.2%; Natvosol wherein and carboxymethyl cellulose can be, and it can form micella, and the hole of coal petrography and mud stone is carried out to shutoff, reduce the intrusion of filtrate, slow down pressure transmission and keep wellbore stability.
Embodiment 4
The present embodiment and above-described embodiment are basic identical, and the key distinction is:
A film forming drilling fluid for coal bed gas well, consists of the component of following mass percent:
Carry stick 0.1～0.3%;
Membrane-forming agent 2.0～5.0%;
Flocculant 0.1～0.3%;
Plugging agent 0.2～5.0%;
Plugging agent 1.0～10.0%;
Alkalinity regulator 0.05～0.2%;
Surplus is water.
The present embodiment, combining property the best of physics, chemical action.
Embodiment 5
The present embodiment and above-described embodiment are basic identical, and the key distinction is:
A film forming drilling fluid for coal bed gas well, consists of the component of following mass percent:
Carry stick 0.3%;
Membrane-forming agent 2.0%;
Flocculant 0.3%;
Plugging agent 0.2%;
Plugging agent 10.0%;
Alkalinity regulator 0.2%;
Surplus is water.
The present embodiment, the more effective absorption of energy on mud stone and coal petrography, and the plugging film of its formation can be sour molten, in later stage completion transformation, can remove completely by acidifying, removes better effects if.
Embodiment 6
The present embodiment and above-described embodiment are basic identical, and the key distinction is:
A film forming drilling fluid for coal bed gas well, comprises the component of following mass percent:
Carry stick 0.1%;
Membrane-forming agent 5.0%;
Flocculant 0.1%;
Plugging agent 5.0%;
Plugging agent 1.0%;
Alkalinity regulator 0.05%;
Surplus is water.
The present embodiment, can form rapidly the plugged zone of hyposmosis, and the plugged zone speed that forms hyposmosis is faster, can concur with the coal petrography of oleophylic and hydrophilic clay mineral.
Embodiment 7
A preparation method for the film forming drilling fluid of coal bed gas well, comprises the steps:
A, proportioning by mass percentage: carry stick 0.1～0.3%; Membrane-forming agent 2.0～5.0%; Flocculant 0.1～0.3%; Plugging agent 0.2～5.0%; Plugging agent 1.0～10.0%; Alkalinity regulator 0.05～0.2%; Surplus is water;
B, carry stick, plugging agent, membrane-forming agent and the flocculant of said ratio are added in clear water, be fully uniformly mixed;
C, add again the plugging agent of said ratio, stir it is fully uniformly dispersed;
D, with the alkalinity regulator of said ratio, pH value is adjusted to not higher than 10, during for Reservoir Section, pH is not higher than 9 again.
The present invention also comprises the step that adds prehydration slope soil paste, and after the plugging agent adding is uniformly dispersed, then to add mass percentage content be 4～10% prehydration slope soil pastes, and mix, then regulates pH value to adjust.
Embodiment 8
The preparation method of film forming drilling fluid who is applicable to coal bed gas well is as follows:
Component by aforementioned proportion is carried out according to following program at normal temperatures and pressures:
1) according to scene, need in slurry commanding tank, pack certain volume clear water or mud into;
2) said ratio is carried to stick, plugging agent, membrane-forming agent and flocculant and added in clear water under concrete pump effect, be fully uniformly mixed;
3) while running into obvious leakage according to scene is actual again, add appropriate plugging agent (1 ~ 10%), stir it is fully uniformly dispersed;
According to leakage situation, also can add mass percentage content is 4～10% prehydration slope soil pastes;
Add after plugging agent, plugging agent is by the bridging action large leakage hole of shutoff, finally fracture formation shutoff rapidly.
4) with the alkalinity regulator of said ratio, pH value is adjusted to not higher than 10, the pH of Reservoir Section is not higher than 9 again;
5) in actual use, membrane-forming agent can suitably regulate according to leakage situation with the dosage of carrying stick, if run into the obvious stratum of seepage, can improve.
Embodiment 9
Application example: MSB24-6, MS24-7 well and MSB26-11 well
This wellblock well depth is at 1186.7-1196.8m, Taiyuan group 9# thickness of coal seam 5m ~ 14.2m, and lithology is purer, and perviousness is better, and ash oontent is 3.7%; The porosity in this section of coal seam is in 10.9% left and right.Upper and lower roof and floor closure is strong, is beneficial to Coalbed Methane, is main force's coalbed methane reservoir of this wellblock.
Because force is tried 15 wells, to go out a disintegration of core serious, while making a trip, be hampered serious, time have the card of chance to occur, the production capacity less than 500 side/skies after the later stage goes into operation.Therefore,, in order to guarantee the ability of downhole safety and the raising drilling fluid protecting reservoir of these 3 mouthfuls of test pits, adopted the drilling fluid system of the strong shutoff film forming ability of having of independent research.The result of use of OPTIMIZATION OF DRILLING FLUID, has carried out a large amount of investigations and analysis to log data and the site operation data of the well of constructing early stage before construction, to better drilling liquid parameter is adjusted for Different Strata.In conjunction with early stage coal rock experimental data and indoor drilling fluid composition experimental data, when construction, optimize drilling parameter: creep into the pressure of the drill 50-80KN, revolution 32rpm/min, discharge capacity 32L/S, pump pressure 10-12MPa, returns out drilling cuttings even, without falling piece; 200 meters/day of daily footages.
OPTIMIZATION OF DRILLING FLUID parameter and performance maintenance: because higher drilling well liquid columnpressure can cause the injury to coal seam, this drilling fluid has stable and protection borehole wall effect preferably; Two drive and to group stratum, Shanxi, take safety and improve drilling speed as main, are mainly low solids fluid.
the salient features mean parameter of table 1 experiment drilling fluid
Before opening coal seam 50 ~ 100 meters, drilling fluid density is controlled at 1.08g/cm
3below, dehydration is controlled at below 5ml, and viscosity controller, below 45s, and is strictly controlled solid load in mud below 4%, reduces coal seam pollution damage.
The experiment effect of drilling fluid shows: (1) film forming drilling fluid is in the test of Shanxi coal bed gas well, and down-hole is normal, makes a trip without being hampered; (2) film forming drilling fluid is to having good prevent Coal Seam Collapse and reservoir protection effect; (3) drilling speed is compared speed-raising more than 5% ~ 10% with polymer drilling fluid speed; (4) while using film forming drilling fluid, wireless instruments signal is not affected.
table 2 experiment well hole diameter amplification degree data
| Pound sign | The average amplification degree % of coal seam section hole diameter | Full well section diameter enlargement ratio % |
| MBS26-11 | 13.8 | 5.87 |
| MBS24-6 | 14.1 | 3.75 |
| MBS26-7 | 17.7 | 6.76 |
data statistic after table 3 operation
| Pound sign | Operation amount side/sky |
| MSB26-11 well | 1096 |
| MSB24-6 well | 1160 |
| MSB24-7 well | 1250 |
Application prospect: the present invention can be widely used in Shanxi, Shaanxi coal bed gas well and have large space and leakiness stratomere that rate of permeation is high, is also applicable to the sandstone formation operation that Reservoir Section rate of permeation is higher.
Reservoir protection effect of the present invention is excellent, and leak resistance is good, good in economic efficiency, and can obtain good social benefit and environmental benefit.For the exploitation of current coal bed gas well and wide prospect of the application, particularly excellent film forming sealing characteristics, utilizes the present invention to have broad application prospects to the reservoir protection of the leakproof on leakiness stratum and Reservoir Section.
Claims (10)
1. a film forming drilling fluid that is applicable to coal bed gas well, is characterized in that, comprises the component of following mass percent:
Carry stick 0.1～0.3%;
Membrane-forming agent 2.0～5.0%;
Flocculant 0.1～0.3%;
Plugging agent 0.2～5.0%;
Plugging agent 1.0～10.0%;
Alkalinity regulator 0.05～0.2%;
Surplus is water.
2. the film forming drilling fluid that is applicable to coal bed gas well according to claim 1, is characterized in that: also comprise prehydration slope soil paste, the mass percentage content of prehydration slope soil paste is 4～10%.
3. the film forming drilling fluid that is applicable to coal bed gas well according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: the described stick of carrying is that Natvosol HEC and carboxyl methyl cellulose are formulated according to the mass ratio of 2:1.
4. the film forming drilling fluid that is applicable to coal bed gas well according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: the described stick of carrying is carboxyl methyl cellulose or Polyanionic Cellulose PAC-H.
5. the film forming drilling fluid that is applicable to coal bed gas well according to claim 3, is characterized in that: described membrane-forming agent be polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with sodium formiate, potassium formiate, organic silicic acid potassium or KCL at least one is formulated in any proportion.
6. according to the film forming drilling fluid that is applicable to coal bed gas well described in claim 1,2 or 5, it is characterized in that: described flocculant is that polyacrylic acid potassium (K-PAM) and cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) are formulated according to the mass ratio of 1:1-2.
7. the film forming drilling fluid that is applicable to coal bed gas well according to claim 6, is characterized in that: described plugging agent be in 325 object calcium carbonate, 1250 object calcium carbonate superfine powders or sulfonated gilsonite one or more according to arbitrary proportion formulated.
8. according to the film forming drilling fluid that is applicable to coal bed gas well described in claim 1,2,5 or 7, it is characterized in that: described plugging agent is that individual event pressure plugging agent DF-A and the thick mica of 100 objects or the thin mica of 200 objects are formulated according to arbitrary proportion according to leakage situation.
9. the film forming drilling fluid that is applicable to coal bed gas well according to claim 8, is characterized in that: described alkalinity regulator is sodium hydroxide.
10. a preparation method who is applicable to the film forming drilling fluid of coal bed gas well, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
A, proportioning by mass percentage: carry stick 0.1～0.3%; Membrane-forming agent 2.0～5.0%; Flocculant 0.1～0.3%; Plugging agent 0.2～5.0%; Plugging agent 1.0～10.0%; Alkalinity regulator 0.05～0.2%; Surplus is water;
B, carry stick, plugging agent, membrane-forming agent and the flocculant of said ratio are added in clear water, be fully uniformly mixed;
C, add again the plugging agent of said ratio, stir it is fully uniformly dispersed;
D, with the alkalinity regulator of said ratio, pH value is adjusted to not higher than 10, during for Reservoir Section, pH is not higher than 9 again.
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