CN103521911A

CN103521911A - Friction stir welding method for metal material and metal material welded body obtained thereby

Info

Publication number: CN103521911A
Application number: CN201310269253.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 山内亮
Original assignee: Suzuki Motor Corp
Current assignee: Suzuki Motor Corp
Priority date: 2012-06-29
Filing date: 2013-06-28
Publication date: 2014-01-22
Anticipated expiration: 2033-06-28
Also published as: US8763882B2; JP2014008527A; CN103521911B; US20140004375A1; DE102013106692B4; JP6047951B2; DE102013106692A1

Abstract

The invention provides a friction stir welding method for a metal material and a metal material welded body obtained thereby. The method comprises: mutually butting components to be welded with complicated shape portions in section at end portions, using a welding tool with a stirring needle, pressing the components while the stirring needle rotates to weld them together, and forming an expansion part on an expansion surface of at least one side of the welding teminal part on the butting surface of the component to be welded. The method comprises the following steps of: a first weld process of using the welding tool, butt-welding the butting surface of the component to be welded along one side of the component to be welded, and ending the butt-welding of the side before reaching the expansion part; a needle hole filling process of inserting the welding tool from the expansion part after tthe side is butt-welded, and filling the needle hole remained in the first welding process by the plastic flow of the metal material; and a second welding process of subsequently butt-welding along another side continuous with the prior side after the filling process.

Description

Friction stir welding method and thus obtained Metal Material Welding body for metal material

Technical field

The present invention relates to have for being longitudinally welded on the cross section of end the agitating friction welding technology of the docking metal parts of complexity (that is, mixed and disorderly) shape part, the Metal Material Welding body that relates more specifically to friction stir welding method and manufactured by the method.

Background technology

In recent years, developed friction stir welding (FSW) technology and replace in actual use welding and soldering tech as for engaging the new technology of the welded parts that are made of metal.

Friction stir welding is solidstate bonding technology, and wherein welded parts are stirred, soften and plasticizing in the situation that not melting.In friction stir welding, compare with strength decreased with the thermal strain in base material in welding (fusion bond) and soldering (liquid phase-solid phase reaction engages) method, can be in the situation that there is less thermal strain in base material and less strength decreased is bonded together as the metal parts of welded parts.Therefore, advantageously reduced the solder failure that thermal deformation in welding or the oxidation of weld part cause.

Friction stir welding is following joining technique: the cylindrical or columnar joining tool that is known as FSW instrument (hereinafter referred to as soldering appliance) compresses welded parts in High Rotation Speed, thereby welded parts are stirred, soften and plasticizing is bonded together by means of the frictional heat producing between soldering appliance and welded parts.

In common friction stir welding, as at patent documentation 1(TOHKEMY 2011-101891 communique) and patent documentation 2(TOHKEMY 2011-101890 communique) in disclosed, due to the Fundamentals of Welding of friction stir welding and the shape of soldering appliance, can weld the curved surface that shape is limited to plane or mitigation.If welded parts have all if any complicated shape parts such as dihedral, roundlet arc and steps, by common agitating friction welding technology, be difficult to welded parts docking and longitudinally weld together.

In addition, as shown in Fig. 1 (Figure 1A, Figure 1B) and Fig. 2, when thering are welded parts such as the complicated shape part such as urceolus portion and carry out friction stir welding, welded parts 1(1a and 1b) solder side (interface) 2 by a plurality of welding sequences welding of dividing according to the complicated shape part (bight) 3 of parts.

Yet, in agitating friction welding technology, by stirring, melting, softening and melt welded parts 1(1a and 1b) the agitating friction welding portion 4 that obtains is not formed on the whole interface 2 of welded parts 1, and in complicated shape part 3 residual not welding portion (there is no soldered part) 5.At welded parts 1(1a and 1b) in, as shown in Figure 3, after each welding sequence, the pin hole 7 of soldering appliance 6 also remains in solder terminal portion, or forms and remain not welding portion 5 in complicated shape part (bight) 3.In this welding process, although by butt welding parts 1(1a and 1b) the Metal Material Welding body 8 with angular shape is provided, in the parts surface that has the concentrated stress concentration portion of stress in welding body 8, remain pin hole or welding portion not.

Patent documentation 3(TOHKEMY 2006-239720 communique) welding method that also discloses the double-acting type agitating friction soldering equipment 9 of a kind of use as shown in Fig. 4 A and 4B as in agitating friction welding technology for eliminating the method for the pin hole 7 of Metal Material Welding body 8.This welding method is carried out in the following manner.Double-acting type agitating friction soldering equipment 9 is used respectively the lowering or hoisting gear of lifting shaft shoulder 9a and the 9b of pin portion independently.After welding process, the 9b of pin portion is pulled up from pin hole 7, simultaneously using the welded parts 1(1a and the 1b that are pushed under the 9a of shaft shoulder portion as workpiece) in.Thereby make thus workpiece material plastically flow into filling pin hole 7 in pin hole 7.

In addition, patent documentation 4(TOHKEMY 2011-121090 communique) a kind of agitating friction welding technology for joint design is disclosed, wherein as the welding example having between the metal parts of complicated shape part, the hollow component to be welded being made of metal by the distortion that prevents from causing due to implement load etc. by welded together.

Yet, in the disclosed agitating friction welding technology of patent documentation 3, when welded

parts

1a and 1b have the large depth of weld, need under the 9a of shaft shoulder portion, push away more deeply to fill pin hole 7.Therefore,, although pin hole 7 shoals, residual have a larger-diameter shaft shoulder hole 7a.Pin hole 7 may cause larger strength decreased.In addition, in the agitating friction welding technology of patent documentation 4, need on welded parts, form projection, and individually the supporting member that carrys out support projection by receiving projection is set on another welded parts, to maintain the formability of welded metal parts.

As mentioned above, in traditional agitating friction welding technology, when welded parts dock and longitudinally weld together by means of soldering appliance, residual pin hole or there is larger-diameter shaft shoulder hole in solder terminal portion, and in complicated shape part (bight), form and residual not welding portion, weak weld strength is provided thus, obtained inadequate mechanical strength and physical strength, and making exterior quality deteriorated, is therefore disadvantageous.

For welded metal parts is out of shape and maintains formability suppressing in welded together, also need in addition projection to be formed to individually in advance welded parts, and the projection of fitting tab is formed to another welded parts with supporting member.Therefore, because butt welding portion has the shape of (complexity) in a jumble, thus by traditional method, be difficult to process the butt welding portion (joint) of welded parts, and this processing is consuming time.

Summary of the invention

Consider that above-mentioned situation makes the present invention, the object of this invention is to provide as follows for the friction stir welding method of metal material and the Metal Material Welding body manufactured thus, its can by by welded parts docking and the friction stir welding process that longitudinally welds together, eliminate near pin hole complicated shape part and not weld part assign to improve weld strength and the welding quality of butt welding.

Another object of the present invention is to provide as follows friction stir welding method and the Metal Material Welding body for metal material, its can by eliminate near pin hole complicated shape part and not weld part assign to improve mechanical weld strength and physics weld strength and exterior quality.

On the one hand, above and other object can realize for the friction stir welding method of metal material by providing as follows, it docks mutually for end cross-sectional being had to the welded parts of complicated shape, use has the soldering appliance of mixing needle, in mixing needle rotation, pressing described welded parts welds together it, the bulge that is formed with bulging in the elongated surfaces of the solder terminal portion on one of them limit of described welded parts interface, described method comprises the steps:

The first welding sequence, is used described soldering appliance, along the interface of welded parts described in one side butt welding of described welded parts, stops the butt welding on described one side before arriving described bulge;

Pin hole filling work procedure, after the butt welding on described one side, inserts described soldering appliance from described bulge, and pin hole residual in the first welding sequence is filled by metal material Plastic Flow; And

The second welding sequence, after filling work procedure, along carrying out butt welding with the continuous another side in described previous one side.

In aspect this, can expect, in the situation that the terminal of the welding on described one side is fixed and carried out described pin hole filling work procedure by fixture.

In another aspect of this invention, a kind of friction stir welding method for metal material is provided, it is for mutually docking the welded parts with square-section it is welded together, in the elongated surfaces of the solder terminal when bulge of bulging is at least formed on the first welding sequence of the first welding sequence and another avris in the elongated surfaces of each solder terminal portion on 4 limits of described welded parts interface, described welding method comprises the steps:

The first welding sequence, is used described soldering appliance, along the interface of welded parts described in one side butt welding of described welded parts, stops the butt welding on described one side before arriving described bulge; And

The second welding sequence, after filling work procedure, along carrying out butt welding with the continuous another side in described one side; And

The first welding sequence of another avris, after the second welding sequence finishes, along the another side of the opposition side on described previous one side by the interface of soldered parts to welded together, before arriving next bulge, stop the butt welding of described another side; And

Another side pin hole filling work procedure, after the butt welding of described another side, inserts described soldering appliance from described next bulge residual pin hole described another avris first welding sequence is filled by metal material Plastic Flow; And

Another second welding sequence, after another side pin hole filling work procedure, along carrying out butt welding with continuous another avris of described another side;

Wherein, described the second welding sequence and another second welding sequence stop respectively at the side central portion midway or while returning from side side of side butt welding.

In another aspect of this invention, a kind of friction stir welding method for metal material is provided, it is for mutually docking the welded parts with square-section it is welded together, described welded parts are formed with bulge in the elongated surfaces of each solder terminal portion of interface, and described welding method comprises the steps:

The first welding sequence, is used described soldering appliance, along the interface of welded parts described in one side butt welding of described welded parts, stops butt welding before being formed on the bulge in the elongated surfaces of butt welding terminal of interface in arrival; And

The second welding sequence, after filling work procedure, along carrying out butt welding with the continuous side in described one side; And before arriving the second bulge, stop the butt welding of side; And

Side pin hole filling work procedure, after the butt welding of described side, inserts described soldering appliance from described the second bulge side pin hole residual the second welding sequence is filled by metal material Plastic Flow; And

The 3rd welding sequence, after side filling work procedure, carries out butt welding along the interface of the soldered parts of another side contrary with described previous one side; And before arriving the 3rd bulge, stop the butt welding of another side; And

Another side pin hole filling work procedure, after the butt welding of described another side, inserts described soldering appliance from described the 3rd bulge side pin hole residual the 3rd welding sequence is filled by metal material Plastic Flow;

Wherein, after described another side pin hole filling work procedure, along the welded parts of the side of opposition side the face of weld is welded, in the butt welding midway or while turning back to the central portion of side of another lateral areas from side side of another side butt welding, stop.

In aspect above-mentioned, can expect, described welded parts are welded, after welding stops, by machining, remove described bulge.

The present invention also provides a kind of Metal Material Welding body, and the welded parts by end cross-sectional with complicated shape are welded and are welded by agitating friction,

On the interface of described welded parts, at least in the elongated surfaces of solder terminal portion on one side, be formed with bulge; Use described soldering appliance, when described welded parts are docked, before arriving described bulge, stop butt welding on one side; After the butt welding on described one side, from described bulge side, insert described soldering appliance the residual pin hole of the solder terminal on described one side is filled by metal material Plastic Flow; After described agitating friction welding stops, by machining, remove bulge.

In aspect above-mentioned, can expect, described welded parts have square-section, and by using described soldering appliance, along four limits of described welded parts, according to priority the solder side of described welded parts are carried out to butt welding.

the effect of invention

According to the present invention with above-mentioned feature, at the welded parts of being made by metal material in longitudinal docking of parts and the friction stir welding that welds together, can in the situation that near the complicated shape part of parts, do not have residual pin hole and not welding portion carry out butt welding.Therefore, can improve weld strength and the welding quality of the butt welding between welded parts.

In addition,, according to the present invention, can in the situation that not using welding or soldering, manufacture simply welded parts longitudinally by the joint design of butt welding.Can near complicated shape part, there is no residual any pin hole and by friction stir welding, not provide Metal Material Welding body welding portion in the situation that.Therefore, mechanical weld strength and physics weld strength can be improved, and the remarkable exterior quality as welding product can be realized.

From the following explanation made from reference to accompanying drawing, essence of the present invention and other feature will become clearer.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1, comprise Figure 1A and Figure 1B, illustrate for welding traditional friction stir welding method of welded parts, wherein Figure 1A is the sectional view that the welded condition between the welded metal parts with complicated shape part (bight) is shown, and Figure 1B is the plane (from upside) that the welded condition between welded parts is shown;

Fig. 2 is by the partial section after welding according to traditional friction stir welding of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 illustrates by friction stir welding the stereogram to the example of joint design welded together by complicated shape part;

Fig. 4 comprises Fig. 4 A and Fig. 4 B, wherein Fig. 4 A illustrates by using the sectional view of the parts that the friction stir welding method of traditional double-acting type agitating friction soldering equipment welds, Fig. 4 B is the plane (from upside) that welded parts are shown, for pin hole (probe hole) filling work procedure of friction stir welding is described;

Fig. 5, comprises Fig. 5 A and 5B, and the tool shape of the soldering appliance (welding tool) using in friction stir welding (FSW) is shown;

Fig. 6 is the stereogram of a part of workpiece that an example of the welded metal parts of conduct using in friction stir welding is shown;

Fig. 7 shows for carrying out the flow chart of basic manufacturing step of the friction stir welding of first embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 8, comprise (A) and (B), friction stir welding process according to the first embodiment is shown, wherein Fig. 8 (A) partly illustrates the welded parts made by metal material by the view of the parts upper surface of the workpiece to welded together, and (B) of Fig. 8 is the sectional view that the weld part of workpiece is shown;

Fig. 9 is that conduct is according to the side elevation view of the parts of the workpiece to be welded of the first modified example of the first embodiment;

Figure 10 is according to the partial section of the workpiece to be welded of the second modified example of the first embodiment;

Figure 11, comprises Figure 11 A and Figure 11 B, is that wherein Figure 11 A is the local side elevation view of welded parts for the diagram of the first welding sequence of the friction stir welding of the first embodiment is described, Figure 11 B is the partial section of welded parts;

Figure 12 is the sectional view of welded parts, and it illustrates the filling work procedure of the friction stir welding in the first embodiment;

Figure 13 is the sectional view of welded parts, and it illustrates the second welding sequence of the friction stir welding in the first embodiment;

Figure 14, comprises Figure 14 A and Figure 14 B, illustrates for first modified example of filling work procedure of the friction stir welding of the first embodiment is described, wherein Figure 14 A is the partial side view of welded parts, and Figure 14 B is the partial section of welded parts;

Figure 15 is the diagram of showing for the structure of friction stir welding second embodiment of the invention;

Figure 16 illustrates to be made of metal and by applying the stereogram of the external structure of the welding body that the second embodiment manufactures;

Figure 17 shows to carry out according to the flow chart of the step of the friction stir welding process of the 3rd embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 18 shows for according to the diagram of the structure of the friction stir welding of the 3rd embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 19 illustrates conduct according to the photo of the stereochemical structure of the workpiece of the welded parts in the friction stir welding process of the 4th embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 20 is the form of the service condition of soldering appliance of explanation in the 4th embodiment of the present invention and the condition of friction stir welding etc.;

Figure 21 is the diagram sectional view of the example product (Metal Material Welding body) manufactured in the 4th embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 22 is the diagram sectional view of the traditional product that illustrates of comparing with the example product of Figure 21;

Figure 23 is illustrated in the photo of carrying out the stereochemical structure of the first welding sequence welded condition afterwards in the 4th embodiment of the present invention by the welded parts of butt welding;

Figure 24 is the photo that is illustrated in the stereochemical structure of the example product of carrying out the welded condition after the second welding sequence in the 4th embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 25 is the photo that the sectional view of the example product that is similar to Figure 24 and carries out the weld part after the second welding sequence is shown;

Figure 26 is illustrated in by test machine, example product to be carried out the photo of the structure of crooked test state before; And

Figure 27 is the chart of bend test results that the example product of traditional product and Figure 26 is shown.

The specific embodiment

Hereinafter, illustrate according to the embodiment of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The present invention relates to by metal material, be made and have for butt welding longitudinally the agitating friction welding technology of the welded parts of complicated shape part.Friction stir welding tools shown in Fig. 5 (hereinafter referred to as soldering appliance) 10 is used as joining tool in friction stir welding (FSW).

With reference to Fig. 5, soldering appliance 10 comprises cylindrical shaft shoulder 11 and the pin portion 12 forming in far-end (shaft shoulder) face 11a and shaft shoulder portion 11.Pin portion 12 is formed with and is less than the diameter of shaft shoulder portion 11 and is arranged to rotation together with shaft shoulder portion 11.In friction stir welding, soldering appliance 10 is rotated by unshowned drive shaft.

As shown in Figure 5, soldering appliance 10, by making such as instrument steel such as SKD61, has tool sizes such as shaft shoulder diameter of phi A, mixing needle diameter of phi B and mixing needle length L.Instrument can have the planform that is provided with cylindrical shape (cylindrical) mixing needle 12a, the planform that is provided with taper mixing needle 12b as shown in Figure 5 B as shown in Figure 5A or be provided with the planform of other mixing needle shapes.

As shown in Figure 6, the square part of being made by aluminum or aluminum alloy or rectangular tube parts are used as the metal parts of butt welding in friction stir welding 13.For example, as a pair of welded

parts

14 and 15 that have with the square part of the cross sectional shape at angle, be used as metal parts 13.

In addition, be noted that

Reference numeral

14 and 15 is shown as the welded

parts

14 and 15 as welding forepiece here, for the misunderstanding of peventing member,

Reference numeral

14 and 15 identical after welding equally for these parts, for example, welds rear (welding)

parts

14 and 15.

By means of rotating welding instrument 10(Fig. 5) stir a pair of welded

parts

14 and 15, by the softening parts of the frictional heat by stirring acquisition, make thus the material of parts plastify to carry out friction stir welding, so that parts are bonded together integratedly.Friction stir welding is the technology for the welded parts 14 of solidstate bonding and 15, wherein welded parts 14 and the 15 Plastic Flow phenomenons that occur by means of the rotation that is accompanied by soldering appliance 10 and docking each other.

In metal parts 13, a pair of welded parts 14 by welded together and 15 opposite edges are partly being located,

bulge

14a and 14b, 15a and 15b are set as welding

bulge.Bulge

14a and 14b, 15a and 15b partly contact with 15 complicated shapes such as bight with such as welded parts 14 and from the ground bulging of complicated shape parts transversely (extend or protrude).As shown in Figure 6,

bulge

14a and 14b, 15a with 15b also with the mode bulging concordant with solder side with weld part

upper surface.Bulge

14a and 14b, 15a and 15b for example, as being arranged on one side (simultaneously), being positioned at around the welding beginning edge portion of top and the laterally outwards bulging of the extension of solder terminal portion on four limits (on four sides) of each interface of welded

parts

14 and 15.

In the present invention, by metal parts 13 is longitudinally docked and carries out friction stir welding, wherein metal parts 13 has cross sectional shape for the complicated shape part of the roundlet arc below about 20mm such as dihedral, step or radius in docking end.A plurality of welding sequences and filling work procedure combine to carry out friction stir welding.Because a plurality of welding sequences and filling work procedure combine to carry out friction stir welding, so the Plastic Flow of the material producing by means of being accompanied by friction stir welding can weld together weld part efficiently and effectively.

The invention provides a kind of for the friction stir welding method of metal material and the friction stir welding junctor of manufacturing thus, its can improve the weld strength (mechanical strength and physical strength) of butt welding portion and rigidity and can prevent reliably pin hole and welding portion do not remain in complicated shape partly and improve welding quality near zone in the situation that.

[the first embodiment] (Fig. 6 to Figure 14)

The first embodiment metal parts agitating friction with complicated shape part being welded together with reference to Fig. 6 to Figure 14 explanation.

Fig. 7 is that explanation is for carrying out the flow chart of basic step of the first embodiment of friction stir welding to metal material.In the friction stir welding that metal material is carried out, in preparation process, prepare as soldering appliance 10 joining tool, shown in Fig. 5 and as metal parts 13 square part or rectangular tube parts, shown in Fig. 6.Then start the corresponding step (step: the beginning of S20(welding method)) of friction stir welding.

In addition, here will be by means of following example explanation friction stir welding, in this example, as shown in Figure 6, it is upper that stress concentrates on the parts upper surface A of welded

parts

14 and 15, and welded

parts

14 and 15 along it longitudinally to welded together.

In the flow chart of Fig. 7, when starting friction stir welding, sequentially carry out three basic steps that comprise the first welding sequence (S21), filling work procedure (S22) and the second welding sequence (S23), produce thus or provide Metal Material Welding body.Then finish friction stir welding (step: the end of S24(welding method)).

In the first welding sequence S21, soldering appliance 10 in rotation from one side, the joint unit to be welded 14 of the metal parts among Fig. 6 13 and bulge 14a and the 15a of 15 welding beginning edge portion are inserted between solder side 25.The shaft shoulder face 11a of the shaft shoulder portion 11 of soldering appliance 10 compresses parts upper surface A.Therefore welded

parts

14 and 15 are stirred and because frictional heat is softened.Welded

parts

14 and 15 maintain the solid state shape of the Plastic Flow of encouraging material.

The 12(12a of pin portion or 12b) in the situation that of soldering appliance 10 rotation, be inserted between the weld part (interface) 25 of welded

parts

14 and 15, thus by frictional heat, soften welded

parts

14 and 15 and make welded

parts

14 and 15 maintain the solid state shape of the Plastic Flow of encouragement material.Therefore welded

parts

14 and 15 are welded together.

In addition, as shown in Fig. 8 (A), soldering appliance 10 weld part 25 along welded

parts

14 and 15 in rotation moves to as the solder terminal portion that is positioned at relative edge's

bulge

14b and 15b, and the motion track of soldering appliance 10 forms agitating friction welding portion 26.

In the first welding sequence 21, in the friction stir welding between welded

parts

14 and 15, soldering appliance 10 stops at along the bulge 14b of the upper surface A prolongation of weld part 25 and the solder terminal portion in the tight the place ahead of 15b.Therefore the first welding sequence 21 finishes (termination).

Bulge

14a and 14b, 15a and 15b are arranged on product section 27 outsides that form Metal Material Welding body (workpiece).

Due to the pin portion 12 of soldering appliance 10 in the first welding sequence 21 in the interior movement of product section 27 from welding beginning edge portion to solder terminal portion, so received by product section 27 from the load of soldering appliance 10 or the major part of revolving force.Therefore, require

bulge

14a and 14b, 15a and 15b little, therefore, bulge is distortion a little only.

As shown in Fig. 8 (A) and Fig. 8 (B), each

bulge

14b and 15b form for example there is bulge length C, the semi-cylindrical form of the bulge degree of depth (highly) D and radius R.Relation between the size shape of the size shape of

bulge

14b, 15b and soldering appliance 10 meets following " expression formula 1 ".

[expression formula 1]

Bulge length C > A-B/2

Bulge depth D >=A

Radius R >=A/2

Be positioned at the bulge 14b and the 15b that weld bulge 14a and the 15a of beginning edge side and be positioned at solder terminal side of metal parts 13 are of similar shape.

Although Fig. 8 (A) and Fig. 8 (B) illustrates the example that the bulge of metal parts 13 forms semi-cylindrical form, yet the modified example of bulge can form shape as shown in Figures 9 and 10.In the first modified example shown in Fig. 9, metal parts 13(14 and 15) bulge 14b1 and 15b1 form rectangular shape.In the second modified example shown in Figure 10, metal parts 13(14 and 15) bulge 14b2 and 15b2 have the bottom that forms R shape.

Under any circumstance, after the corresponding step of friction stir welding completes, the bulge of metal parts 13 passes through such as mechanically actuateds such as cuttings along dotted line a, a1 and a2 are cut, and in this case, because bulge is little, so bulge is after welding easily cut (removal).

As shown in Figure 11 A, weld part 26 places that the welded parts 14 of

metal parts

13 and 15 are welded in upper surface (parts upper surface) A by agitating friction in the first welding sequence 21 weld together.The first welding sequence 21 end at

bulge

14b and 15b the place ahead, as the solder terminal portion of end point.As shown in Figure 11 B, the first welding sequence 21 terminates in as upper/lower positions: the contiguous bulge 14b of front end, the 15b on the direct of travel of the pin portion 12 of soldering appliance 10 and the border between product section 27.

Soldering appliance 10 is extracted from the weld part 25 of welded

parts

14 and 15 at welding end position.By soldering appliance 10, form pin holes 28 thus, and pin hole 28 remains in the bulge 14b of close welded parts 14 in parts upper surface A and 15 and the position of 15b.

Because the first welding sequence 21 terminates in the solder terminal shown in Figure 11 A and 11B (point) portion place, so pin hole 28 is positioned adjacent to bulge 14b and 15b.Therefore in filling work procedure 22 subsequently, utilize the characteristic of Plastic Flow easily to fill pin hole.When the first welding sequence 21 stops at the solder terminal portion place near

bulge

14b and 15b, the load producing in friction stir welding and the major part of revolving force are received by product section 27.Therefore,, even if

bulge

14b and 15b are little,

bulge

14b and 15b be only distortion (opening) slightly also, thereby can prevent because defect occurs in distortion (opening).

Welded

parts

14 and 15 in the first welding sequence 21 after parts upper surface A welds together, soldering appliance 10 moves to carry out filling work procedure 22, is filled in thus the pin hole 28 in parts upper surface A.Substitute the instrument identical with the instrument using in the first welding sequence 21, can use new independently soldering appliance as soldering appliance 10.In this case, when using soldering appliance in filling work procedure 22, the depth D of bulge is preferably equal to or greater than the shaft shoulder diameter of phi A of instrument.

In filling work procedure 22, as shown in figure 12, soldering appliance 10 rotation in from lateral direction approximate right angle be inserted into the parts side B that is provided with

bulge

14b and 15b.

Before inserting soldering appliance 10, by 30 couples of bulge 14b of press fixture and 15b, exert pressure in advance, therefore can suppress

bulge

14b and 15b along the distortion of upward direction.

In filling work procedure 22, when soldering appliance 10 is when rotation time is inserted into parts side B from

bulge

14b and 15b, pin portion 12 makes the material softening of welded

parts

14 and 15, makes thus material plastically flow along (Figure 12) shown in arrow M, direction that material is pushed to pin hole 28.; by inserting soldering appliance 10, welded parts 14 around of the bulge 14a being exerted pressure by shaft shoulder portion 11 and a part of material of 14b, 15a and 15b and the pin portion 12 that inserts and 15 material plastically flow into the pin hole 28 in parts upper surface A as shown in arrow M.Therefore, can fill pin hole 28.

Press fixture 30 is pressed in the upper surface side of

bulge

14b and 15b, to suppress flowing of material.Therefore, prevent that material from flowing into the region except pin hole 28 in parts upper surface A.

After filling work procedure 22, carry out the second welding sequence 23.In the second welding sequence 23, soldering appliance 10 remains in the B of parts side and is parallel to parts side B and moves in rotation, along this parts side B, welded

parts

14 and 15 is welded together.By mobile soldering appliance 10, agitating friction welding portion 26 is extended along the parts side B of welded

parts

14 and 15.

By carry out the second welding sequence 23 after the first welding sequence 21 and filling work procedure 22, the welded parts 14 of

metal parts

13 and 15 utilize the agitating friction welding portion 26 forming on whole parts upper surface A and parts side B longitudinally to weld together.Can be being provided with near the complicated shape part of

bulge

14b and 15b, near bight, there is not pin hole 28 and not welding portion in the situation that, welded

parts

14 and 15 welded together.Therefore, improve the weld strength of butt welding, and obtained good welding quality.

After welded

parts

14 and 15 longitudinally stop the friction stir welding as

weld part

14 and 15 welded together, remaining

bulge

14a and 14b, 15a and 15b remove from metal parts 13 by mechanically actuateds such as grinding and cutting as shown in dotted line E.Owing to not having pin hole and welding portion not near the complicated shape part (bight) in the Metal Material Welding bodies obtaining by

butt welding parts

14 and 15, can obtain good exterior quality, and can improve mechanical strength and physical strength.

According to the friction stir welding of the first embodiment, be for softening by the spin friction of soldering appliance 10 as thering is the welded parts 14 of complicated shape part and 15 metal parts, the solidstate bonding technology that thus parts is plastified.The joint design of the welding body therefore, obtaining by butt welding has the weld defect that less thermal deformation in welding or oxidation cause.In addition, welded

parts

14 and 15 in the situation that near parts upper surface complicated shape part, do not exist pin hole 28 and not welding portion weld together well, thereby improved weld strength, and can obtain good welding quality (exterior quality).

According to the execution of the friction stir welding in the first welding sequence 21, the Plastic Flow that remains in the material that is arranged in filling work procedure 22 that can be by subsequently as the pin hole 28 of the solder terminal portion of parts upper surface A is on one side filled, and in filling work procedure 22, welding is from bulge 14b and 15b.Therefore, can improve the exterior quality of the friction stir welding junctor obtaining by the butt welding in the friction stir welding process in the first embodiment, therefore obtain the product with better quality.

[the first modified example of filling work procedure]

With reference to Figure 14 A and Figure 14 B explanation for fill the filling work procedure 22 of pin hole the first modified example 22A, be modified example.In addition, the parts that structure is identical with the structure of the parts that use in the filling work procedure 22 shown in Figure 12 are added identical Reference numeral, and at this, the repetitive description thereof will be omitted.

In the filling work procedure 22A of the first modified example, except press fixture 30, also at the bulge 14b of welded

parts

14 and 15 and the both sides of 15b, dispose deformation constrain fixture 31 and 32.By configuration press fixture 30 and deformation constrain

fixture

31 and 32, in filling work procedure 22A, can more effectively prevent welded

parts

14 and 15 and the material of

bulge

14b and 15b flow in the region except pin hole 28.Material is more effectively plastically flowed, to fill pin hole 28 along the direction of arrow M.Can further improve parts 14 and the 15(

welding assembly

14 and 15 with complicated shape part) between weld strength.

[the second embodiment] (Figure 15 and Figure 16)

With reference to Figure 15 and Figure 16, the second embodiment of the present invention is described.

The second embodiment shows that the welded

parts

14 and 15 of the metal parts 13 with square-section are by the example of the joint design to welded together, and wherein stress concentrates on parts upper surface A and parts lower surface C.

For four surfaces along square-section, carry out friction stir welding, in two groups of steps, carry out dividually the friction stir welding process in the first embodiment.The parts that structure is identical with structure in the first embodiment are added identical Reference numeral, so the repetitive description thereof will be omitted here.

In the second embodiment shown in Figure 15,

stress concentration portion

37 and 38 is arranged at parts upper surface A and parts lower surface C.In the second embodiment, from parts upper surface, A to parts side B carries out first group of friction stir welding for the first semiosis (for the welding of the first half cycle).From parts lower surface C to another parts side B, carry out subsequently second group of friction stir welding for the second semiosis (for the welding of the second half cycle).Therefore, have square-section welded

parts

14 and 15 by two groups of friction stir weldings (the first semiosis and the second semiosis) in whole periphery longitudinally to welded together.

Welded

parts

14 and 15 are suitably provided with respectively

bulge

14b and 15b, this bulge in four sides to be docked as the extension of solder terminal portion and bulging.

More specifically, according in the friction stir welding of the second embodiment shown in Figure 15, by carrying out following steps, complete the butt welding of the first half cycle: the first welding sequence 21, by soldering appliance 10, along the parts upper surface A as one side, weld the interface of welded

parts

14 and 15, and stop the butt welding along described one side in tight the place ahead of

bulge

14b and 15b; Filling work procedure 22, along described in parts upper surface A(on one side) butt welding after from bulge 14b with 15b inserts soldering appliance 10 so that material plastic flow, thereby fill the first welding sequence 21 residual pin hole 28 afterwards; And the second welding sequence 23 on the B of parts side, a parts side B along the continuous side of the parts upper surface A as with before after filling work procedure 22 carries out butt welding.

In addition,, in the second welding sequence 23, by turning round after the welding carrying out downwards along parts side B, welding direction is turned round soldering appliance 10 thus and near the termination welding central portion of parts side B.

By carrying out following steps, complete the friction stir welding of the residue half cycle from parts lower surface C to another parts side B: the first welding sequence 21 another side (parts lower surface), after the second welding sequence 23 on parts side stops along the relative another side in the one side with before, be the interface that parts lower surface C welds welded

parts

14 and 15, and the butt welding along described another side in tight the place ahead termination of

next bulge

14b and 15b; Another side filling work procedure 22B inserts soldering appliance 10 so that material plastic flow from

next bulge

14b and 15b after the butt welding along described another side, fills thus the pin hole 28 that residues in described another side after the first welding sequence 21; And the two the second welding sequence 23A, after another side filling work procedure 22B along with continuous another parts side another side of B(of described another side) carry out butt welding.

In the second welding sequence 23A, by turning round after the execution welding that makes progress along another parts side B, welding direction is turned round soldering appliance 10 thus and near the termination welding central portion of another parts side B.After friction stir welding stops, by machining, bulge is removed.In the second welding sequence 23 and the two the second welding sequence 23A, by stopping halfway soldering appliance 10, the butt welding along parts side B can be terminated in to side central portion.

According in the friction stir welding of the second embodiment, because welding operation terminates in the central portion of parts side B in corresponding the

second welding sequence

23 and 23A, so the pin hole 28 of final residue soldering appliance 10.Yet, after the friction stir welding of whole periphery, near residual pin hole 28 central portion of parts side B that is applied with less stress only, and at the not residual pin hole of

stress concentration portion

37 and 38 places of parts upper surface A and parts lower surface C or welding portion not.

Therefore, in the Metal Material Welding body 40 with square-section by obtaining according to the welded parts of friction stir welding process butt welding of the second embodiment, in

stress concentration portion

37 and 38, there is not pin hole and welding portion not, therefore obtained high weld strength.In addition,, due to the not residual pin hole of the stress concentration portion at Metal Material Welding body 40 and welding portion not, can provide the joint design that can improve mechanical strength and physical strength and obtain good weld appearance.

[the 3rd embodiment] (Figure 17 and Figure 18)

Hereinafter with reference to Figure 17 and Figure 18, the 3rd embodiment of the present invention is described.

The 3rd embodiment shows that the welded

parts

14 and 15 of the metal parts 13 with square-section are by the example of the joint design to welded together, and wherein stress concentrates on three surfaces in four surfaces of parts.

In this joint design example, for example, from the surface of the residual surface adjacency concentrated with there is no stress, from the upper surface A of parts along clockwise direction or counterclockwise carry out friction stir welding.In addition, identical Reference numeral is added into the parts corresponding with the parts of the first embodiment, and the repetitive description thereof will be omitted etc. at this.

More specifically, as shown in FIG. 17 and 18, when butt welding in friction stir welding have square-section metal parts 13 welded

parts

14 and 15 time, for example, from the surface of the surface adjacency concentrated with there is no stress, sequentially carry out the first welding sequence (S21), the second welding sequence (S23), the 3rd welding sequence (S42) and the 4th welding sequence (S43) from parts upper surface A.Between the first welding sequence S21 and the second welding sequence S23, between the second welding sequence S23 and the 3rd welding sequence S42 and between the 3rd welding sequence S42 and the 4th welding sequence S43, also carrying out respectively filling work procedure (hole filling work procedure) (S22, S45 and S46), fill thus

residual pin hole

28a, 28b and the 28c by carrying out the first welding sequence 21, the second welding sequence S23 and the 3rd welding sequence S42.

In corresponding filling work procedure S22, S45 and S46,

residual pin hole

28a, 28b and 28c after the welding sequence by inserting soldering appliance 10 from bulge 48a, 48b and 48c, before being filled according to the Plastic Flow of material.

As shown in figure 18, in the 4th last welding sequence S43 of friction stir welding, welding is upwards carried out along parts side B.By turning round in the position of close parts upper surface A, welding direction is turned round soldering appliance 10 thus and near the central portion of parts side B, stop welding.After welding in the 4th welding sequence S43 stops, final residue pin hole 28.

Because being formed on, pin hole 28 do not have, in the concentrated parts side B of stress, can prevent the harmful effect to weld strength.After friction stir welding stops, by machining, excise and remove bulge 48a, 48b and 48c.

That is, according to the friction stir welding of the 3rd embodiment, be the friction stir welding method for metal material, wherein there are the welded parts 14 of the rectangle of being made by metal material and 15 of angular cross section shape longitudinally to welded together.In agitating friction welding technology, each welded

parts

14 and 15 are provided with on four limits of each interface as the extension of solder terminal portion and bulge 48a, 48b and the 48c of bulging.

Friction stir welding completes by carrying out following steps:

The first welding sequence S21, by soldering appliance 10 along the interface that welds welded

parts

14 and 15, and meanwhile and in tight the place ahead of bulge 48a, stop along described butt welding;

Filling work procedure S22 inserts soldering appliance 10 so that material plastic flow is filled the first welding sequence 21 residual pin hole 28a afterwards thus from bulge 48a after the butt welding along described one side;

The second welding sequence S23 along welding with the continuous side (a parts side B) in described one side, and stops the butt welding along described side in tight the place ahead of the second bulge 48b after filling work procedure S22;

Side filling work procedure S45 inserts soldering appliance 10 so that material plastic flow is filled the second welding sequence S23 residual pin hole 28b afterwards thus from the second bulge 48b after the butt welding along described side;

The 3rd welding sequence S42, after side filling work procedure S45, along the relative another side in the described one side with before (parts lower surface C), weld the interface of welded

parts

14 and 15, and stop the butt welding along described another side in tight the place ahead of the 3rd bulge 48c;

Another side filling work procedure S46 inserts soldering appliance 10 so that material plastic flow is filled the 3rd welding sequence S42 residual pin hole 28c afterwards thus from the 3rd bulge 48c after the butt welding of the another side along as parts lower surface C; And

After another side filling work procedure S46, along the relative opposite side side weld of the described side with before, connect the interface of welded

parts

14 and 15, and the central portion at described another side stops the butt welding along described another side by Halfway Stopping soldering appliance 10 or stop soldering appliance 10 after lateral edges revolution soldering appliance 10.

As mentioned above, by according to the friction stir welding of the 3rd embodiment, can obtain following joint design: wherein, by the welded parts 14 of butt welding and 15, the metal parts 13 in square-section with complicated shape part (bight) is welded together in whole periphery.Therefore can provide the Metal Material Welding body 40A in whole periphery with joint design.In welding body 40A, except there is no a concentrated parts side B of stress, not residual pin hole 28a in thering are three surfaces of the concentrated stress concentration portion of stress, 28b and 28c and not welding portion.Therefore, can improve weld strength, can also improve mechanical strength and physical strength, good exterior quality (welding quality) is provided thus.

According to the 3rd embodiment, in whole periphery, after agitating

friction welding assembly

14 and 15, pin hole 28 only remains in and is applied with the surface of less stress, a position of for example parts side B in having the metal parts 13 of square-section.Therefore, can in the situation that not having residual stress to concentrate portion, obtain high weld strength.

[the 4th embodiment] (Figure 19 to Figure 27)

Hereinafter with reference to Figure 19 to Figure 27, the 4th embodiment of the present invention is described.

The 4th embodiment show for form the example of Metal Material Welding body 55, wherein by aluminum or aluminum alloy, make and be provided with the complicated shape part with angular cross section shape metal parts 50 welded

parts

51 and 52 shown in Figure 20 for carrying out under the condition of friction stir welding welded together.

According in the friction stir welding of the 4th embodiment, use the metal parts 50 of for example being made by A6061-T6 expanded material.By docking and weld welded

parts

51 and 52, provide pin hole 28 not remain in the Metal Material Welding body 55 in the concentrated parts upper surface A of stress.

The soldering appliance 10 of preparing and using is the tool shape with cylindrical mixing needle as shown in Figure 5A, have all shaft shoulder diameter of phi A as shown in figure 20 for 12mm, the mixing needle diameter of phi B soldering appliance for 6mm and the mixing needle length L geomery that is 6mm.As shown in figure 19, metal parts 50 has half-

cylindrical bulge

51a and 51b, 52a and 52b on the B of the parts side of the both sides of parts upper surface A.The bulge of the geomery that to have radius of curvature and be 6mm, bulge length Dc and be 4mm and bulge depth D be 12mm is used as

bulge

51a and 51b, 52a and 52b.

According in the friction stir welding of the 4th embodiment, to be similar to the mode of the friction stir welding illustrating in the first embodiment, carry out the first welding sequence S21, filling work procedure S22 and the second welding sequence S23, thereby carry out butt welding., as shown in figure 21 from upside downwards carry out three welding sequence S42 with welding with parts side second welding sequence S23 relative parts side B, stop thus friction stir welding thereafter.

After friction stir welding stops,

pin hole

28 and 28 remains in the bottom of two parts side B.By machining, remaining

bulge

51a and 51b, 52a and 52b are removed.

Under the friction stir welding condition shown in Figure 20, by means of the soldering appliance 10 of being made by SKD61, carry out according to the friction stir welding of the 4th embodiment, wherein soldering appliance 10 with the rotating speed of 1500rpm, in filling work procedure S22 with the instrument insertion speed of 20mm/min and driven with the feed speed of 100mm/min.Therefore, provide Metal Material Welding body 55.

The Metal Material Welding body 55 providing as mentioned above has welded section structure as shown in figure 21.After the first welding sequence S21, remaining in pin hole 28 in parts upper surface A is filled and disappears by carrying out filling work procedure S22 and the second welding sequence S23 Plastic Flow by the material of

bulge

51b and 52b etc.

In process as above, in the Metal Material Welding body 55 by providing according to the butt welding of the friction stir welding of the 4th embodiment, obtained joint design.In this joint design,

pin hole

28 and 28 exists only in the bottom that there is no the parts side B that is positioned at both sides that stress concentrates, not residual pin hole or welding portion not in having the parts upper surface A of the concentrated stress concentration portion of stress.

Metal Material Welding body 55 and the traditional product that provided by traditional friction stir welding are compared, and in traditional product as shown in figure 22, welded parts do not have bulge.Therefore,, when providing traditional product by butt welding by means of soldering appliance 10 under identical friction stir welding condition as in the 4th embodiment, product provides the structure of welded section as shown in figure 22.In traditional product, the pin hole 28 forming in the first welding sequence S21 remains in the parts upper surface A of the stress concentration portion concentrated as stress, and welding portion 58 and 58 does not remain in the complicated shape part (bight) of parts upper surface A.Therefore, the weld strength between welded parts is deteriorated, and can not expect good welding quality.

In addition, in the first welding sequence S21 at the 4th embodiment during along the welded parts 51 of parts upper surface A docking and agitating friction welding

metal parts

50 and 52, as shown in figure 23, due to soldering appliance 10 in the parts upper surface A of interface residual pin hole 28.

Yet, as shown in Figure 23 and Figure 24, when inserting soldering appliance 10 from

bulge

51b and 52b in filling work procedure S22, while carrying out the first welding sequence S21, remain in pin hole 28 in parts upper surface A be filled with plastically flow in pin hole 28, bulge 51b and the material of 52b and the material of the parts in parts side.Due to the Plastic Flow of material in filling work procedure S22 and the second welding sequence S23 subsequently, the pin hole 28 in parts upper surface A is therefore filled and therefore pin hole disappears.

In addition, therefore when the pin hole 28 in parts upper surface A is filled and pin hole disappears, can in the situation that in the concentrated parts upper surface A of stress, do not exist such as pin hole and not the weld part weld defect that grades carry out butt welding.

After by the second welding sequence S23 and the 3rd welding sequence S42, the welded

parts

51 and 52 by butt welding metal parts 50 provide Metal Material Welding body 55, and excision remains in the

bulge

51a and 51b, 52a and 52b on Metal Material Welding body 55 due to friction stir welding after, under the state shown in Figure 26, Metal Material Welding body 55 is carried out to crooked test.

In crooked test, Metal Material Welding body 55 supporting interval with for example 120mm under parts upper surface A state is down bearing in two ends.Test block 56 compresses the central portion of Metal Material Welding body 55, thereby applies bending load from upside.Make to there is radius of curvature R test block 56 liftings of (R=20mm).The result of the above-mentioned crooked test that the Metal Material Welding body 55 as example product is carried out shown in Figure 27.

According to the bend test results in Figure 27, verifiedly compare with the traditional product shown in Figure 22, as the bending strength of the Metal Material Welding body 55 of example product, improved 23%.Therefore, the present invention compares more excellent with traditional product.

As mentioned above with explain, according to the invention provides a kind of friction stir welding method for metal material, it docks mutually for end cross-sectional being had to the welded parts of complicated shape, use has the soldering appliance of mixing needle, in mixing needle rotation, pressing described welded parts welds together it, in the elongated surfaces of the solder terminal portion on one of them limit of described welded parts interface, be formed with the bulge of bulging, described method comprises the steps: the first welding sequence, use described soldering appliance, interface along welded parts described in one side butt welding of described welded parts, before arriving described bulge, stop the butt welding on described one side, pin hole filling work procedure, after the butt welding on described one side, inserts described soldering appliance from described bulge, and pin hole residual in the first welding sequence is filled by metal material Plastic Flow, and second welding sequence, after filling work procedure, along carrying out butt welding with the continuous another side in described previous one side.

In another embodiment, can carry out car body formed by friction stir welding comes butt welding to have the parts with the rectangular shaft of four sides.In this case, carry out friction stir welding process, briefly, the corresponding step of the friction stir welding that can carry out in said method the repetition of corresponding four sides, but in side, be formed with selectively elongated surfaces.

In any case, by inserting the soldering appliance that is provided with mixing needle between the surface of then soldered parts and carry out welding process making to wait under the state of soldering appliance rotation to be docked.After this welding finishes, by removing the pin hole that mixing needle forms, be filled.To being provided with the sidepiece of the parts of bulging extension, carry out this step.

In the present invention, by means of above-mentioned friction stir welding method, carry out production Metal Material Welding body.

Be also noted that, the invention is not restricted to the embodiment of explanation, in the situation that not departing from appended claims, can make multiple other variations and modification or conversion.

Claims

1. the friction stir welding method for metal material, it docks mutually for end cross-sectional being had to the welded parts of complicated shape, use has the soldering appliance of mixing needle, in mixing needle rotation, pressing described welded parts welds together it, the bulge that is formed with bulging in the elongated surfaces of the solder terminal portion on one of them limit of described welded parts interface, described method comprises the steps:

2. the friction stir welding method for metal material according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in the situation that the terminal of the welding on described one side is fixed and carried out described pin hole filling work procedure by fixture.

3. the friction stir welding method for metal material, it is for mutually docking the welded parts with square-section it is welded together, in the elongated surfaces of the solder terminal when bulge of bulging is at least formed on the first welding sequence of the first welding sequence and another avris in the elongated surfaces of each solder terminal portion on 4 limits of described welded parts interface, described welding method comprises the steps:

4. the friction stir welding method for metal material, it is for mutually docking the welded parts with square-section it is welded together, described welded parts are formed with bulge in the elongated surfaces of each solder terminal portion of interface, and described welding method comprises the steps:

5. according to the friction stir welding method for metal material described in any one in claim 1 to 4, it is characterized in that, described welded parts are welded, after welding stops, by machining, remove described bulge.

6. a Metal Material Welding body, the welded parts by end cross-sectional with complicated shape are welded and are welded by agitating friction,

On the interface of described welded parts, at least in the elongated surfaces of solder terminal portion on one side, be formed with bulge;

Use described soldering appliance, when described welded parts are docked, before arriving described bulge, stop butt welding on one side;

After the butt welding on described one side, from described bulge side, insert described soldering appliance the residual pin hole of the solder terminal on described one side is filled by metal material Plastic Flow;

After described agitating friction welding stops, by machining, remove bulge.

7. Metal Material Welding body according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, described welded parts have square-section, and by using described soldering appliance, along four limits of described welded parts, according to priority the solder side of described welded parts are carried out to butt welding.