CN103515967A - Method for collocating wind power plant reactive compensation - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for collocating wind power plant reactive compensation. The method comprises the first step of establishing an equivalent model of a wind power plant access electric system according to the type features of a send-out circuit, a power collecting circuit in a wind power plant and a wind generating set, the second step of calculating capacitive reactive capacity range required and inductive reactive capacity range of the wind power plant according to the requirements of wind power plant reactive management and the requirements of voltage management respectively, the third step of calculating the minimum capacity required of a dynamic reactive compensation device, and the fourth step of collocating reactive capacity required by the wind power plant to the reactive compensation device according to the principle of utilizing the reactive capacity of the wind generating set preferentially. According to the method for collocating the wind power plant reactive compensation, the reactive capacity of the wind power plant can be optimized, and the investment in a reactive device of the wind power plant can be lowered.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to new forms of energy and field of energy-saving technology and power system voltage control field, the collocation method that especially carries out reactive power compensation for Large Scale Wind Farm Integration (30MW and more than).
Background technology
All once there is the interruption of service containing large-scale wind power system in recent domestic, attracts wide attention.Having there is the chain off-grid accident of a lot of large-scale wind generating sets in Jiuquan region, China Gansu Province in 2011 and body in Zhangjiakou Area, Hebei Province area, to power grid security, has brought and had a strong impact on.Analyze the occurrence cause of these a series of accidents, can find that the system voltage stability problem being brought out by wind-powered electricity generation has accounted for majority.Due to most of wind energy turbine set away from trunk electrical network, need to make the voltage control of wind energy turbine set very difficult by transmission line long-distance transmissions electric energy.In addition a plurality of wind energy turbine set are often concentrated access, cause wind energy turbine set area of concentration the frequent fluctuation of electrical network busbar voltage, collect station pressure regulation scarce capacity, lack enough voltage support points, further to power system voltage regulating, cause very large difficulty.To sufficient, the rational reactive power compensator of wind energy turbine set configuration, it is the key of fundamentally improving wind energy turbine set voltage control capability.
Working the People's Republic of China's national standard of coming into force " wind energy turbine set access power system technology regulation (GB/T 19963-2011) " in June, 2012 to passing through 110(66) be connected with electric power system newly-built of kV and above circuit or the reactive capability equipping rules of extending wind energy turbine set illustrate, but this regulation has only provided guidance instruction, cannot directly be used to refer to the idle configuration of wind-guiding electric field.The subject matter that wind energy turbine set reactive capability configuration at present exists is: in current engineering is calculated, often take the form rough calculation of wind energy turbine set rated capacity certain percentage.The as easy as rolling off a log waste of capacity that causes of result of calculation, brings investment waste; Or off-capacity; If secondary buying is subject to specification of equipment restriction superfluous on the contrary.Moreover wind energy turbine set reactive capability configuration at present lacks the segmentation to reactive power compensation type.In current engineering is calculated, often " peaceful vertical in vain ", superfluous to dynamic adjustments better performances, reactive power compensator configuration that price is higher.
Consider above-mentioned, provide a kind of and can consider wind turbine generator reactive capability, consider the multiobject reactive capability computational methods of wind energy turbine set access way, reactive power compensation and voltage management and corresponding reactive power compensation allocation plan, solve current wind energy turbine set idle work optimization allocation problem.
Summary of the invention
In sum, necessaryly provide a kind of and can take into account wind turbine generator reactive capability, consider wind energy turbine set access way, the allocation plan of reactive power compensation and the multiobject reactive power compensation of voltage management, solve current wind energy turbine set idle work optimization allocation problem.
A collocation method for Reactive Compensation in Wind Farm, comprises the following steps: step S10, by sending circuit, the inner current collection circuit of wind energy turbine set and wind turbine generator type feature, sets up wind energy turbine set access electric power system Equivalent Model; Step S20, respectively by the requirement of wind energy turbine set reactive management and voltage management, calculates the required capacitive of wind energy turbine set and perceptual reactive capability scope; Step S30, calculates the minimum capacity of required dynamic reactive compensation device; And step S40, according to the principle of preferentially utilizing wind turbine generator reactive capability, the reactive capability that wind energy turbine set is required is configured to reactive power compensator.
With respect to prior art, by considering wind turbine generator reactive capability, considering the multiobject reactive capability collocation method of wind energy turbine set access way, reactive power compensation and voltage management, overcoming can the too extensive deficiency of the existing reactive power compensator collocation method of Large Scale Wind Farm Integration, reaches the effect of optimizing wind energy turbine set reactive capability, reducing the investment of wind energy turbine set Reactive Power Device.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the collocation method of Reactive Compensation in Wind Farm provided by the invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of wind energy turbine set access electric power system provided by the invention.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of wind energy turbine set access electric power system Equivalent Model provided by the invention (single type wind-driven generator).
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of wind energy turbine set access electric power system Equivalent Model provided by the invention (polytype blower fan).
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of chain structure current collection circuit in the Equivalent Model of described wind energy turbine set internal electric network provided by the invention.
Fig. 6 is the structural representation of trunk line type current collection circuit in the Equivalent Model of described wind energy turbine set internal electric network provided by the invention.
Fig. 7 is the flow chart of the computational methods of described wind energy turbine set reactive capability provided by the invention.
Fig. 8 is the flow chart that the required reactive capability of wind energy turbine set provided by the invention is configured to reactive power compensator.
Embodiment
Below according to Figure of description and in conjunction with specific embodiments to further statement in detail of technical scheme of the present invention.
See also Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the flow chart of the collocation method that Fig. 1 is Reactive Compensation in Wind Farm provided by the invention, comprises the following steps:
Step S10, by sending circuit, the inner current collection circuit of wind energy turbine set and wind turbine generator type feature, sets up wind energy turbine set access electric power system Equivalent Model;
Step S20, respectively by the requirement of wind energy turbine set reactive management and voltage management, calculates the required capacitive of wind energy turbine set and perceptual reactive capability scope;
Step S30, calculates the minimum capacity of required dynamic reactive compensation device; And
Step S40, according to the principle of preferentially utilizing wind turbine generator reactive capability, the reactive capability that wind energy turbine set is required is configured to reactive power compensator.
In step S10, described wind energy turbine set access electric power system Equivalent Model comprises equivalent π model, wind turbine generator Equivalent Model and the current collection circuit Equivalent Model of wind energy turbine set external electrical network.The equivalent π model of the external electrical network of described wind energy turbine set, wind turbine generator Equivalent Model and current collection circuit Equivalent Model are set up by sending circuit, the inner current collection circuit of wind energy turbine set and wind turbine generator type feature.Described wind energy turbine set access electric power system Equivalent Model can be the model that the single type wind turbine generator shown in Fig. 3 forms, and also can be the model consisting of polytype wind turbine generator described in Fig. 4.Concrete, described step S10 specifically can comprise following sub-step:
Step S11, sets up the equivalent π model of the external electrical network of wind energy turbine set.
Every kilometer of circuit canonical parameter that the equivalent π model of the external electrical network of described wind energy turbine set can provide by actual measurement Huo An circuit producer is multiplied by length and obtains line resistance, reactance and three parameters of susceptance, and the modeling scope of the equivalent π model of the external electrical network of described wind energy turbine set is with wind farm grid-connected Dian Wei circle, extend to peer-to-peer system bus to public electric wire net.
Step S12, sets up wind turbine generator Equivalent Model according to capacity multiplication method.
Described wind turbine generator Equivalent Model is as the formula (1):
，
，
?(1)
In formula,
for the wind-driven generator number of wind turbine generator, S
ifor the rated capacity of every typhoon power generator, P
ifor the meritorious of every typhoon power generator exerted oneself, Q
ifor the idle of every typhoon power generator exerted oneself.
When described wind turbine generator is divided, can be according to following methods: (1) is for the double-fed of different model, different manufacturers, directly drive unit, if all adopt constant power factor to control, by the double-fed that adopts constant power factor to control, directly drive unit and can merge into one group; (2) the cage type asynchronous unit for different model, different manufacturers divides into groups separately.Further, the double-fed after equivalence, directly to drive unit can be again equivalent, and method and principle are the same.
Step S13, sets up the Equivalent Model of wind energy turbine set internal electric network.
The modeling scope of the Equivalent Model of described wind energy turbine set internal electric network extends to wind turbine generator with wind farm grid-connected Dian Wei circle, inside current collection circuit.Wherein, on the equipment nameplate that the inner dynamo-electric transformer parameter of described wind energy turbine set and step-up transformer model parameter can provide by actual measurement or producer, obtain.The current collection circuit of described wind energy turbine set internal electric network comprises two kinds of basic structures:
(1) see also Fig. 5, to the chain structure circuit of many wind turbine generator on a feeder line, the computational methods of its equivalent impedance are:
In formula
represent the meritorious output of i platform wind turbine generator,
the impedance of the corresponding line that expression is electrically connected to i platform wind turbine generator,
represent equivalent impedance, the substitutional resistance that wherein Rc is circuit, the equivalent reactance that Xc is circuit.
(2) see also Fig. 6, for radial (trunk line type) current collection circuit of many wind turbine generator, the computational methods of its equivalent impedance are:
Wherein, if current collection circuit is overhead transmission line, B=0; If current collection circuit is cable line,
Wherein, Bi represents that the electricity over the ground of i section cable line leads, and the equivalence that B represents current collection circuit over the ground electricity is led.
See also Fig. 7, in step S20, can calculate the required capacitive of wind energy turbine set and perceptual reactive capability scope respectively by the requirement of wind energy turbine set reactive management and voltage management, get its union, as the idle configuration total capacity of wind energy turbine set scope.Concrete, described step S20 comprises following sub-step:
Step S21, requires to calculate according to wind energy turbine set reactive management capacitive and the perceptual idle total capacity that wind energy turbine set need to configure.
Concrete, the capacitive reactive power capacity of the required configuration of described wind energy turbine set obtains by calculating following two parts sum: the wind turbine generator lagging reactive power that wind energy turbine set Cong Qibing site absorbs when reaching maximum output in (1) wind energy turbine set; (2) send half of reactive loss on circuit.Described two parts can utilize respectively calculating power system load flow to calculate.
The perceptual reactive capability of the required configuration of described wind energy turbine set can obtain by calculating following two parts sum: in (1) wind energy turbine set, wind turbine generator is the capacitive reactive power of wind energy turbine set Xiang Qibing site injection in 0 o'clock exerting oneself; (2) send half of reactive power of the output of charging capacitor on circuit.
Step S22, requires to calculate according to wind energy turbine set voltage management capacitive and the perceptual idle total capacity that wind energy turbine set need to configure.
Concrete, the capacitive reactive power capacity of the required configuration of described wind energy turbine set calculates by the following method:
(1) calculate wind turbine generator and exert oneself while reaching maximum, grid-connected point voltage
.
If
(can be by the 8.2nd of the People's Republic of China's national standard " wind energy turbine set access power system technology regulation (GB/T 19963-2011) ", lower voltage limit gets 0.97) need not configure capacitive reactive power compensation; Otherwise enter (2).
(2) calculate the sensitivity of the wind energy turbine set idle Dui Bing of main transformer low-pressure side site
.
Wherein, in formula
for wind energy turbine set is sent line reactance;
for step-up transformer low voltage side voltage.
(3) calculating wind energy turbine set is required idle
.
The idle total capacity of perception of the required configuration of described wind energy turbine set is calculated by the following method:
(1) calculate public electric wire net voltage
when higher limit, the grid-connected point voltage of wind energy turbine set
maximum.
If
(by the 8.2nd of the People's Republic of China's national standard " wind energy turbine set access power system technology regulation (GB/T 19963-2011) ", upper voltage limit gets 1.07) need not configure inductive reactive power compensation; Otherwise enter (2).
(2) calculating wind energy turbine set is required idle
:
By above method, obtain respectively according to reactive management requirement and according to the reactive capability scope of voltage management requirement calculating, get its union, obtain the required capacitive of wind energy turbine set and perceptual reactive capability scope.
In step S30, the required dynamic reactive compensation device minimum capacity of described wind energy turbine set need guarantee to meet following two requirements: (1) wind energy turbine set can realize level and smooth, continuous control in whole idle controlled range; (2) guarantee to regulate instantaneous wind speed fluctuation (in 5min) to cause Voltage-Reactive Power deviation and needn't regulate static passive compensation device (as capacitor etc.).Described dynamic reactive compensation device minimum capacity can obtain by the following method:
Step S31, is meet the demands (1), the capacitive adjustable extent of dynamic passive compensation capacity
can not be lower than a grade of grouping switching capacitor maximum, and perceptual adjustable extent must not be less than the required perceptual reactive capability of wind energy turbine set.
Step S32, is meet the demands (2), is caused the possible range of power fluctuation by the volume calculation of wind energy turbine set by wind speed momentary fluctuation
(can with reference to the historical data of the built similar wind field in areal, or anemometer tower historical data), calculates corresponding maximum power fluctuation
the corresponding maximum voltage deviation that may cause
, then by required idle of following formula calculation correction voltage deviation, obtain the required dynamic reactive capacity of wind energy turbine set:
By above method, can meet the capacity that step S31 and step S32 require simultaneously, be the capacity of the required required dynamic passive compensation of wind energy turbine set.According to the minimum principle of cost, desirable capacity minimum value.
See also Fig. 8, in step S40, consider controlled reactive capability and the dynamic response feature of wind turbine generator, afterwards required concentrated dynamic, the static reactive power compensation capacity of wind turbine generator reactive power compensation ability is removed in calculating, corresponded on the reactive power compensators such as capacitor, Static Var Compensator (SVC) or static reacance generator (SVG), obtained the collocation method of final compound reactive capability.Concrete, the configuration of described compound reactive capability can be processed according to one of three kinds of situations below:
(1) if wind turbine generator does not possess regulating power (be as cage type asynchronous unit, power factor are constant 1 double-fed/asynchronous unit etc. all belong to this type of), the SVC of the configuration of this wind field or SVG must not be less than the minimum capacity that S30 calculates the dynamic reactive compensation device of gained; Meanwhile, the whole volume such as capacitor and SVC must not be lower than the required capacitive of wind energy turbine set and the perceptual reactive capability scope of calculating gained in step S20.
(2) if wind turbine generator possesses idle regulating power and response speed is enough fast, for the level (several seconds or faster second, for example be less than 10s), the power capacity amount of wind turbine generator can be considered as dynamic passive compensation, and the configuration mode of described reactive power compensator is as follows:
(2-1) calculate the reactive compensation capacity bound of wind turbine generator.
The double-fed that employing firm power factor is controlled or the reactive capability bound of directly driving unit are as follows:
(9)
In formula, P represents the meritorious output of wind turbine generator.
(2-2) can the reactive capability of judgement wind turbine generator own meet the minimum capacity that calculates the dynamic reactive compensation device of gained in step S30, and reactive power compensator is configured.
(a) if being not enough to meet step S30, the reactive capability of wind turbine generator own calculates gained dynamic compensation reactive capability, this wind field also needs SVC or the SVG of additional configuration, guarantee that its SVC or SVG capacity and wind turbine generator reactive capability sum must not calculate gained dynamic compensation reactive capability lower than step S30, and the whole volume such as capacitor and SVC must not calculate lower than step S20 the whole reactive compensation capacity of gained.
(b) if the reactive capability of wind turbine generator own meets step S30 calculating gained dynamic compensation, reactive capability also has rich outward, in the required static reactive power compensation capacity of this wind field, deduct the surplus capacity of wind turbine generator, remainder meets by capacitor etc. is installed the whole reactive compensation capacity that step S20 calculates gained.
(c) if wind turbine generator possesses idle regulating power, response speed is slow (more than several minutes, for example be greater than 1min), its reactive capability is considered as to static reactive power compensation, the dynamic passive compensation capacity of this wind field must be all from SVC or SVG, and its capacity must not be less than step S30 and calculate gained dynamic compensation reactive capability; And pay the utmost attention to wind turbine generator generating capacity in the required static reactive power compensation capacity of this wind field, remainder is met by capacitor etc.
The collocation method of Reactive Compensation in Wind Farm provided by the invention, by considering wind turbine generator reactive capability, considering the multiobject reactive capability collocation method of wind energy turbine set access way, reactive power compensation and voltage management, can overcome the too extensive deficiency of the existing reactive power compensator collocation method of Large Scale Wind Farm Integration, change it and lack standardization, the implementation step of procedure and the present situation of computational methods, reach the effect of optimizing wind energy turbine set reactive capability, reducing the investment of wind energy turbine set reactive apparatus.Calculation of capacity method easy operating proposed by the invention, there is universality, be not limited to wind-driven generator set type that wind-powered electricity generation place adopts, the topological structure of the inner current collection circuit of wind energy turbine set etc. are applicable to the wind energy turbine set of any direct access public electric wire net.
In addition, those skilled in the art also can do other and change in spirit of the present invention, and these variations of doing according to spirit of the present invention certainly, all should be included in the present invention's scope required for protection.
Claims (9)
1. a collocation method for Reactive Compensation in Wind Farm, comprises the following steps:
Step S10, by sending circuit, the inner current collection circuit of wind energy turbine set and wind turbine generator type feature, sets up wind energy turbine set access electric power system Equivalent Model;
Step S20, respectively by the requirement of wind energy turbine set reactive management and voltage management, calculates the required capacitive of wind energy turbine set and perceptual reactive capability scope;
Step S30, calculates the minimum capacity of required dynamic reactive compensation device; And
Step S40, according to the principle of preferentially utilizing wind turbine generator reactive capability, the reactive capability that wind energy turbine set is required is configured to reactive power compensator.
2. the collocation method of Reactive Compensation in Wind Farm as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, sets up wind energy turbine set access electric power system Equivalent Model and comprises the steps:
By actual measurement or circuit canonical parameter, be multiplied by length and obtain line resistance, reactance and three parameters of susceptance, set up the equivalent π model of the external electrical network of wind energy turbine set;
According to capacity multiplication method, set up wind turbine generator Equivalent Model:
,
,
, wherein,
for the wind-driven generator number of wind turbine generator, S
ifor the rated capacity of every typhoon power generator, P
ifor the meritorious of every typhoon power generator exerted oneself, Q
ifor the idle of every typhoon power generator exerted oneself; And
According to the dynamo-electric transformer parameter in wind energy turbine set inside and step-up transformer model parameter, set up the Equivalent Model of wind energy turbine set internal electric network.
3. the collocation method of Reactive Compensation in Wind Farm as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, according to following methods, wind turbine generator is divided: (1) by the double-fed that adopts constant power factor to control, directly drive unit and merge into one group; (2) for different cage type asynchronous units, divide into groups separately.
4. the collocation method of Reactive Compensation in Wind Farm as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the capacitive reactive power capacity of the required configuration of described wind energy turbine set calculates by the following method:
(1) calculate wind turbine generator and exert oneself while reaching maximum, grid-connected point voltage
; If
need not configure capacitive reactive power compensation, otherwise enter (2);
(2) calculate the sensitivity of the wind energy turbine set idle Dui Bing of main transformer low-pressure side site
:
Wherein, in formula
for wind energy turbine set is sent line reactance,
for step-up transformer low voltage side voltage;
(3) calculating wind energy turbine set is required idle
:
5. the collocation method of Reactive Compensation in Wind Farm as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the idle total capacity of perception of the required configuration of described wind energy turbine set is calculated by the following method:
(1) calculate public electric wire net voltage
when higher limit, the grid-connected point voltage of wind energy turbine set
maximum, if
need not configure inductive reactive power compensation, otherwise enter (2);
(2) calculating wind energy turbine set is required idle
:
6. the collocation method of Reactive Compensation in Wind Farm as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the required dynamic reactive compensation device minimum capacity of described wind energy turbine set is determined by the following method:
The capacitive adjustable extent of dynamic passive compensation capacity
can not be lower than a grade of grouping switching capacitor maximum, and perceptual adjustable extent must not be less than the required perceptual reactive capability of wind energy turbine set;
By the volume calculation of wind energy turbine set, by wind speed momentary fluctuation, caused the scope of power fluctuation
, calculate corresponding maximum power fluctuation
the maximum voltage deviation that correspondence causes
, then by required idle of following formula calculation correction voltage deviation, obtain the required dynamic reactive capacity of wind energy turbine set:
Wherein
sensitivity for the idle Dui Bing of wind energy turbine set main transformer low-pressure side site.
7. the collocation method of Reactive Compensation in Wind Farm as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the required reactive capability of wind energy turbine set is configured to reactive power compensator and comprises following methods: controlled reactive capability and the dynamic response feature of considering wind turbine generator, afterwards required concentrated dynamic, the static reactive power compensation capacity of wind turbine generator reactive power compensation ability is removed in calculating, corresponded on capacitor, Static Var Compensator or static reacance generator, obtained the collocation method of final compound reactive capability.
8. the collocation method of Reactive Compensation in Wind Farm as claimed in claim 7, is characterized in that, the configuration of described compound reactive capability comprises the following steps:
(1), if wind turbine generator does not possess regulating power, the Static Var Compensator of the configuration of this wind field or static reacance generator must not be less than the minimum capacity that S30 calculates the dynamic reactive compensation device of gained; Meanwhile, the whole volume such as capacitor and Static Var Compensator must not be lower than the required capacitive of wind energy turbine set and the perceptual reactive capability scope of calculating gained in step S20;
(2) if wind turbine generator possesses idle regulating power and response speed is a second level, the power capacity amount of wind turbine generator is considered as dynamic passive compensation, and the configuration mode of described reactive power compensator is as follows:
(2-1) calculate the reactive compensation capacity bound of wind turbine generator, described reactive compensation capacity bound adopts the double-fed of firm power factor control or the calculating of directly driving unit:
, in formula, P represents the meritorious output of wind turbine generator;
(2-2) according to the reactive capability of described reactive compensation capacity bound judgement wind turbine generator own, can meet the minimum capacity that calculates the dynamic reactive compensation device of gained in step S30, reactive power compensator is configured.
9. the collocation method of Reactive Compensation in Wind Farm as claimed in claim, is characterized in that, according to described reactive compensation capacity bound, reactive power compensator is configured and is comprised the steps:
(a) if being not enough to meet step S30, the reactive capability of wind turbine generator own calculates gained dynamic compensation reactive capability, this wind field needs Static Var Compensator or the static reacance generator of additional configuration, guarantee that its Static Var Compensator or static reacance generator capacity and wind turbine generator reactive capability sum must not calculate gained dynamic compensation reactive capability lower than step S30, and capacitor and Static Var Compensator whole volume must not calculate lower than step S20 the whole reactive compensation capacity of gained;
(b) if the reactive capability of wind turbine generator own meets step S30 calculating gained dynamic compensation, reactive capability also has rich outward, in the required static reactive power compensation capacity of this wind field, deduct the surplus capacity of wind turbine generator, remainder meets by reactive power compensator is installed the whole reactive compensation capacity that step S20 calculates gained;
(c) if wind turbine generator possesses idle regulating power but response speed is minute rank, its reactive capability is considered as to static reactive power compensation, the dynamic passive compensation capacity of this wind field must be all from Static Var Compensator or static reacance generator, and its capacity must not be less than step S30 and calculate gained dynamic compensation reactive capability; And pay the utmost attention to wind turbine generator generating capacity in the required static reactive power compensation capacity of this wind field, remainder is met by reactive power compensator.
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