CN103515564B - A kind of composite diaphragm and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

A kind of composite diaphragm and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103515564B
CN103515564B CN201310482147.4A CN201310482147A CN103515564B CN 103515564 B CN103515564 B CN 103515564B CN 201310482147 A CN201310482147 A CN 201310482147A CN 103515564 B CN103515564 B CN 103515564B
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inorganic particulate
polymer particle
particle
preparation
inorganic
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CN103515564A (en
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吴术球
王今刚
陈秀峰
陈良
杨佳富
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Shenzhen Senior Technology Material Co Ltd
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Shenzhen Senior Technology Material Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/403Manufacturing processes of separators, membranes or diaphragms
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

Supporting layer and organic/inorganic particle the invention discloses a kind of composite diaphragm, including stacking are blended coat;The coat includes being evenly mixed in polymer particle and inorganic particulate in adhesive, the coating layer surface and it is internal there is microcellular structure, porosity ranges are 20% 80%, and average pore size is 0.01 μm 10 μm;The polymer particle includes that polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), Kynoar, Kynoar hexafluoropropylene copolymer, polyimides, polypropylene be fine, one or more in aramid fiber resin, the particle size range of the polymer particle is 0.01 μm~10 μm, and the inorganic particulate includes SiO2、Al2O3、CaO、TiO2、MgO、ZnO、SnO2、ZrO2In any one or it is various, the particle size range of the inorganic particulate is 0.01 μm~10 μm, and the mass ratio of the polymer particle and inorganic particulate is 1: 10~10: 1.Method the invention also discloses this composite diaphragm is prepared.The present invention has thermal safety good and strong to the absorption holding capacity of electrolyte;The advantage of low cost and low stain can be realized simultaneously.

Description

A kind of composite diaphragm and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to lithium battery diaphragm, more particularly, to a kind of composite diaphragm high of security performance under high temperature and its preparation Method.
Background technology
Barrier film as one of big material of lithium battery four, although and the electrochemical reaction that is not involved in battery, but lithium is electric Significant components in pond, while membrane technique is also one of key technology of the lithium battery development of restriction China and application.The appearance of battery The key performances such as amount, cycle performance and charging and discharging currents density all have direct relation with barrier film, and the improvement of membrane properties is right The combination property for improving lithium battery plays an important role.
At present, the lithium battery diaphragm of commercialization is with polyolefin(PP、PE)Based on single thin film or plural layers.Polyolefin Material has intensity and preferable chemical stability higher, and used as a kind of thermoplastic, porous polyolefin is being higher than Self-closing function with shrinkage porosity under conditions of glass transition temperature, impedance is substantially risen, is limited by the electric current of battery System, can to a certain extent prevent the phenomenons such as the blast that causes due to overheat, be a kind of relatively reliable lithium battery diaphragm material Material.But, the fusing point of polyolefin-based separator is general below 180 DEG C, deforms under high temperature serious.When battery temperature outside or Internal factor effect is lower to be raised, and barrier film can deform contraction, it is likely that cause battery short circuit, cause the generation of accident.Especially The electrokinetic cell of high power discharge, internal temperature of battery is higher during use, and it is preferably thermally safe that this requires that barrier film has Property.
The content of the invention
There is potential safety hazard at high temperature to overcome existing polyalkene diaphragm, it is an object of the invention to provide one Safe composite diaphragm and preparation method thereof under kind high temperature.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical measures, a kind of composite diaphragm, including stacking supporting layer and organic/nothing Machine particle is blended coat;The coat includes the polymer particle and inorganic particulate that are evenly mixed in adhesive, described Coating layer surface and inside have microcellular structure, and porosity ranges are 20%-80%, and average pore size is 0.01 μm -10 μm;It is described poly- Polymer particle includes polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), Kynoar, Kynoar-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, polyimides, polypropylene One or more in fine, aramid fiber resin, the particle size range of the polymer particle is 0.01 μm~10 μm, the inorganic grain Attached bag includes SiO2、Al2O3、CaO、TiO2、MgO、ZnO、SnO2、ZrO2In any one or it is various, the inorganic particulate Particle size range is 0.01 μm~10 μm, and the mass ratio of the polymer particle and inorganic particulate is 1: 10~10: 1.
Used as a kind of preferred embodiment, the supporting layer is polyethylene porous film, polypropylene porous membrane or polypropylene/poly- Ethylene/polypropylene composite porous film, at 8 μm~100 μm, porosity ranges are 30%~80% to the thickness range of supporting layer, are put down Equal aperture is 0.01 μm~10 μm.
Used as a kind of preferred embodiment, the thickness range of the supporting layer is 8 μm~25 μm, porosity ranges are 30%~ 50%, average pore size is 100nm~150nm.
Used as a kind of preferred embodiment, the polymer particle is that Kynoar or Kynoar-hexafluoropropene are common Polymers, the particle size range of the polymer particle is 0.1 μm~2 μm.
Used as a kind of preferred embodiment, the inorganic particulate is SiO2Or Al2O3, the particle size range of the inorganic particulate is 0.1 μm~3 μm.
Used as a kind of preferred embodiment, the thickness of the coat is 1 μm~10 μm.
Used as a kind of preferred embodiment, the thickness of the coat is 1 μm~4 μm.
The invention also discloses a kind of preparation method of composite diaphragm, comprise the following steps:
1), using deionized water as solvent, Aqueous Adhesives, surfactant, dispersant, thickener etc. is high in normal temperature Speed stirring lower dissolving, wiring solution-forming;Above-mentioned polymer particle and inorganic particulate is added, high-speed stirred is uniform, is made into aqueous Slurry;The mass percent of each material is in slurry:0.1%~2% water soluble polymer thickener, 0.01%~2% it is aqueous Dispersant, 0.01%~2% surfactant, 0.1%~5% Aqueous Adhesives, 5%~50% polymer particle and inorganic grain Son, 50%~83% deionized water;
2), using micro- gravure roller coating, water paste prepared by the first step is coated on supporting layer barrier film, application rate is 5~100m/min;
3), by coat film obtained in the previous step by 50~100 DEG C of oven for drying, obtain final composite membrane.
As a kind of preferred embodiment, the polymer particle and inorganic particulate mass percent in the slurry is 15%~ 45%。
Used as a kind of preferred embodiment, the Aqueous Adhesives are polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol oxide, acrylic compounds water solubility At least one in glue, styrene-butadiene latex;The surfactant is fluorocarbon surfactant, silane surface active agent, polyalcohol At least one in class surfactant;The dispersant is polyoxyethylene dioleate, poly- TEG monostearate, gathers TEG monoleate, polyoxypropylene mannitol dioleate, polyoxypropylene stearate, polyoxyethylene fatty acid, alkyl At least one in benzene sulfonate, polyoxyethylene alkylether, polyvinylpyrrolidone;The thickener is carboxymethyl cellulose At least one in element, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, polyvinyl alcohol;The speed of the high-speed stirred is 2000~5000r/min;Every The application rate of film is 10~70m/min, and oven temperature is 50~80 DEG C, and drying time is 3~120s.
The present invention is added with resistant to elevated temperatures inorganic particulate in coat, improves the thermal safety of barrier film;Composite membrane exists Placed 1 hour at a high temperature of 135 DEG C, percent thermal shrinkage is less than 3%.Meanwhile, inorganic particulate improves infiltration of the electrolyte to barrier film Property, it is easy to the absorption of electrolyte;Organic filler, can be swelling in the electrolytic solution, has good absorption and keeps the ability of electrolyte, With electrical conductivity higher, so that lithium battery has good service life cycle;Meanwhile, battery plus-negative plate is glued well Knot laminating, improves battery core hardness and body holding capacity.Coating sizing-agent solvent for use is water, organic without acetone, DMF, NMP etc. Solvent, will not pollute to environment, will not endanger the health of workman.As the product of industrialized production, using water as molten Agent significantly reduces production cost, makes product more competitive.
The present invention has the thermal safety for improving conventional polyolefins barrier film poor and poor to the absorption holding capacity of electrolyte Shortcoming;The advantage of low cost and low stain is realized simultaneously.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 illustrates for the cross section of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 schemes for the modified layer composite membrane apparent form SEM of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the electrolyte retention curve map of the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
With reference to embodiment and compare accompanying drawing the present invention is described in further detail.
With reference to Fig. 1, a kind of composite diaphragm, including the supporting layer 1 and organic/inorganic particle of stacking are blended coat 2, its system Preparation Method comprises the following steps:
1), using deionized water as solvent, Aqueous Adhesives, surfactant, dispersant, thickener etc. is high in normal temperature Speed stirring lower dissolving, wiring solution-forming;Polymer particle and inorganic particulate are added, high-speed stirred is uniform, is made into water paste;Slurry The mass percent of each material is in material:0.1%~2% water soluble polymer thickener, 0.01%~2% aqueous dispersion, 0.01%~2% surfactant, 0.1%~5% Aqueous Adhesives, 5%~50% polymer particle and inorganic particulate, 50% ~83% deionized water;
2), using micro- gravure roller coating, water paste prepared by the first step is coated on supporting layer barrier film, application rate is 5~100m/min;
3), by coat film obtained in the previous step by 50~100 DEG C of oven for drying, obtain final composite membrane.
The coating processes selection in each embodiment of lower example:Micro- gravure roller coating is used, application rate is 40m/min;Coating basement membrane It is the 16 μ dry method microporous polypropylene membranes of Shenzhen Senior Material Technology Co., Ltd., porosity is 42%;Entered using three-level baking oven Row drying, oven temperatures at different levels are respectively 50~57 DEG C, 55~63 DEG C, 63~70 DEG C.The thickness of coat is 3 μ, is coated with caudacoria Thickness be 19 μ.
Hereinafter the formula and technique again in detail in several embodiments to slurry are illustrated.
Embodiment 1
Weight proportion organic/inorganic stuff and other stuff in slurry: deionized water=100: 200, PVDF-HFP: Al2O3=20∶80。 First in adhesive PVA and tackifier CMC addition deionized waters, at normal temperatures with 300r/min stirring 20min until completely Dissolving, the weight proportion of wherein PVA and CMC is respectively PVA: organic/inorganic stuff and other stuff=4.5: 100, CMC: organic/inorganic Stuff and other stuff=1.5: 100.Then fluorocarbon surfactant, aqueous dispersion polyoxypropylene are sequentially added in above-mentioned solution sweet Dew alcohol dioleate and organic/inorganic stuff and other stuff powder, continue to stir 10min with 300r/min, finally high in 5000r/min The lower stirring 5min of speed, slurry preparation is completed.Wherein fluorocarbon surfactant: organic/inorganic stuff and other stuff=0.2: 100, polyoxy third Alkene mannitol dioleate: organic/inorganic stuff and other stuff=0.6: 100.PVDF-HFP weight average molecular weight is about 370,000, and particle diameter is 100~300nm, Al2O3D50=1.0 μm of powder.
Embodiment 2
Weight proportion organic/inorganic stuff and other stuff in slurry: deionized water=100: 200, PVDF-HFP: Al2O3=38∶62。 First in adhesive PVA and tackifier CMC addition deionized waters, at normal temperatures with 300r/min stirring 20min until completely Dissolving, the weight proportion of wherein PVA and CMC is respectively PVA: organic/inorganic stuff and other stuff=4.5: 100, CMC: organic/inorganic Stuff and other stuff=1.5: 100.Then fluorocarbon surfactant, aqueous dispersion polyoxypropylene are sequentially added in above-mentioned solution sweet Dew alcohol dioleate and organic/inorganic stuff and other stuff powder, continue to stir 10min with 300r/min, finally high in 5000r/min The lower stirring 5min of speed, slurry preparation is completed.Wherein fluorocarbon surfactant: organic/inorganic stuff and other stuff=0.2: 100, polyoxy third Alkene mannitol dioleate: organic/inorganic stuff and other stuff=0.6: 100.PVDF-HFP weight average molecular weight is about 370,000, and particle diameter is 100~300nm, Al2O3D50=1.0 μm of powder.
Embodiment 3
Weight proportion organic/inorganic stuff and other stuff in slurry: deionized water=100: 200, PVDF-HFP: Al2O3=47∶53。 First in adhesive PVA and tackifier CMC addition deionized waters, at normal temperatures with 300r/min stirring 20min until completely Dissolving, the weight proportion of wherein PVA and CMC is respectively PVA: organic/inorganic stuff and other stuff=4.5: 100, CMC: organic/inorganic Stuff and other stuff=1.5: 100.Then fluorocarbon surfactant, aqueous dispersion polyoxypropylene are sequentially added in above-mentioned solution sweet Dew alcohol dioleate and organic/inorganic stuff and other stuff powder, continue to stir 10min with 300r/min, finally high in 5000r/min The lower stirring 5min of speed, slurry preparation is completed.Wherein fluorocarbon surfactant: organic/inorganic stuff and other stuff=0.2: 100, polyoxy third Alkene mannitol dioleate: organic/inorganic stuff and other stuff=0.6: 100.PVDF-HFP weight average molecular weight is about 370,000, and particle diameter is 100~300nm, Al2O3D50=1.0 μm of powder.
Embodiment 4
Weight proportion organic/inorganic stuff and other stuff in slurry: deionized water=100: 200, PVDF-HFP: Al2O3=20∶80。 First in adhesive PVA and tackifier CMC addition deionized waters, at normal temperatures with 300r/min stirring 20min until completely Dissolving, the weight proportion of wherein PVA and CMC is respectively PVA: organic/inorganic stuff and other stuff=4.5: 100, CMC: organic/inorganic Stuff and other stuff=1.5: 100.Then fluorocarbon surfactant, polyethylene of dispersing agent pyrrolidones are sequentially added in above-mentioned solution (PVP)With organic/inorganic stuff and other stuff powder, continue to stir 10min with 300r/min, finally stirred under 5000r/min high speeds 5min is mixed, slurry preparation is completed.Wherein fluorocarbon surfactant: organic/inorganic stuff and other stuff=0.2: 100, PVP: organic/nothing Machine stuff and other stuff=0.6: 100.PVDF-HFP weight average molecular weight is about 370,000, and particle diameter is 100~300nm, Al2O3Powder D50= 1.0μm。
Embodiment 5
Weight proportion organic/inorganic stuff and other stuff in slurry: deionized water=100: 200, PVDF-HFP: Al2O3=20∶80。 During acrylic compounds adhesive and tackifier CMC are added deionized water first, at normal temperatures with 300r/min stirring 20min until It is completely dissolved, the weight proportion of wherein adhesive and CMC is respectively acrylic compounds adhesive: organic/inorganic stuff and other stuff=4.5: 100, CMC: organic/inorganic stuff and other stuff=1.5: 100.Then fluorocarbon surfactant, dispersion are sequentially added in above-mentioned solution Agent polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP)With organic/inorganic stuff and other stuff powder, continue to stir 10min with 300r/min, finally exist 5000r/min is lower at a high speed to stir 5min, and slurry preparation is completed.Wherein fluorocarbon surfactant: organic/inorganic stuff and other stuff=0.2 : 100, PVP: organic/inorganic stuff and other stuff=0.6: 100.PVDF-HFP weight average molecular weight is about 370,000, and particle diameter is 100~ 300nm, Al2O3D50=1.0 μm of powder.
The following is the formula and technique of the slurry in several comparative examples for illustrating effect of the present invention.
Comparative example 1
Weight proportion Al in slurry2O3: deionized water=100: 200.Adhesive PVA and tackifier CMC is added first is gone In ionized water, at normal temperatures with 300r/min stirring 20min until being completely dissolved, the weight proportion of wherein PVA and CMC is respectively PVA∶Al2O3=4.5: 100, CMC: Al2O3=1.5∶100.Then polyethylene of dispersing agent pyrrolidines is sequentially added in above-mentioned solution Ketone(PVP)And Al2O3, continue to stir 10min with 300r/min, finally stir 5min, slurry preparation under 5000r/min high speeds Complete.Wherein PVP: Al2O3=0.6: 100, Al2O3D50=1.0 μm of powder.
Comparative example 2
Weight proportion PVDF-HFP in slurry: deionized water=100: 500.First acrylic compounds adhesive and tackifier CMC is added in deionized water, stirs 20min with 300r/min until being completely dissolved at normal temperatures, wherein acrylic compounds adhesive Weight proportion with CMC is respectively adhesive: PVDF-HFP=5: 100, CMC: PVDF-HFP=1: 100.Then in above-mentioned solution In sequentially add fluorocarbon surfactant, polyethylene of dispersing agent pyrrolidones(PVP)With PVDF-HFP powder, continue with 300r/ Min stirs 10min, and 5min is finally stirred under 5000r/min high speeds, and slurry preparation is completed.Wherein fluorocarbon surfactant: PVDF-HFP=0.1: 100, PVP: PVDF-HFP=0.3: 100.PVDF-HFP weight average molecular weight is about 370,000, and particle diameter is 100~ 300nm。
Comparative example 3
This comparative example is the 16 μ microporous polypropylene membranes of Shenzhen Senior Material Technology Co., Ltd., porosity 42%, surface Any coating is not coated with, other any surfaces is not done yet and is modified.
Table 1 is the barrier film prepared according to embodiment 1~5 and the method for comparative example 1~3.As can be seen from the table embodiment 1, 4th, 5 and comparative example 1 have preferable heat resistance, the heat resistance influence of a small amount of PVDF-HFP on barrier film is little in this explanation figure layer. But as the increase barrier film heat resistance of PVDF-HFP ratios decreases, such as embodiment 2 and 3.Simultaneously from the data in table I Also know, the ability for adding appropriate PVDF-HFP effectively to improve barrier film Electolyte-absorptive in the coating.
Table 1:
Fig. 3 is the embodiment of the present invention 5 and the barrier film of the method for comparative example 1 preparation to electrolyte retention correlation curve.Tool Body examination method for testing:All it is the barrier film of 100mm × 100mm above two size, 1h is soaked in the electrolytic solution;Surface is dried in taking-up Electrolyte, weighs the amount of Electolyte-absorptive;Then allow its exposure in atmosphere, the electrolyte for once retaining was recorded every 10 minutes Quality;Finally make the amount and the graph of a relation for exposing the time in atmosphere for retaining electrolyte.Fig. 2 changes for the embodiment of the present invention Property after layer composite membrane apparent form SEM figure.
Be can be seen that under suitable organic-inorganic particle proportion from the data of test, stuff and other stuff containing organic/inorganic is applied The barrier film of layer can both possess the excellent heat resistance of ceramic coated film, while the also good absorption of polymer-coated film keeps electricity Solution liquid energy power.
Above is being set forth composite diaphragm of the present invention and preparation method thereof, it is used to help understand the present invention, but this The implementation method of invention is simultaneously not restricted to the described embodiments, it is any without departing from the change made under the principle of the invention, modify, replace Generation, combination, simplification, should be equivalent substitute mode, be included within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. supporting layer and organic/inorganic the particle blending of a kind of preparation method of composite diaphragm, the composite diaphragm, including stacking Coat;The coat includes the polymer particle and inorganic particulate that are evenly mixed in adhesive, the coating layer surface And it is internal with microcellular structure, porosity ranges are 20%-80%, and average pore size is 0.01 μm -10 μm;The polymer particle It is 1: 10~10: 1 with the mass ratio of inorganic particulate;The polymer particle is Kynoar or Kynoar-hexafluoro Propylene copolymer;The particle size range of the polymer particle is 0.1 μm~2 μm;The inorganic particulate is SiO2 or Al2O3, institute The particle size range for stating inorganic particulate is 0.1 μm~3 μm;The thickness of the coat is 1 μm~10 μm;It is characterized in that preparation side Method comprises the following steps:
1), using deionized water as solvent, Aqueous Adhesives, surfactant, dispersant, thickener in normal temperature high-speed stirred Lower dissolving, wiring solution-forming;Mentioned kind, particle diameter and mass ratio being pressed again and adding polymer particle and inorganic particulate, high-speed stirred is equal It is even, it is made into water paste;The mass percent of each material is in slurry:0.1%~2% water soluble polymer thickener, 0.01%~2% aqueous dispersion, 0.01%~2% surfactant, 0.1%~5% Aqueous Adhesives, 5%~ 50% polymer particle and inorganic particulate, 50%~83% deionized water;
2), using micro- gravure roller coating, water paste prepared by the first step is coated into porosity for 42%, 16 μ dry method polypropylene On microporous barrier, application rate is 40m/min;
3), coat film obtained in the previous step is dried by three-level baking oven, oven temperatures at different levels are respectively 50~57 DEG C, 55~63 DEG C, 63~70 DEG C;The thickness of coat is 3 μ, and the thickness for being coated with caudacoria is 19 μ, obtains final composite membrane.
2. preparation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The supporting layer is polyethylene porous film, poly- third Alkene porous membrane or polypropylene, polyethylene/polypropylene composite materials porous membrane, the thickness range of supporting layer 8 μm~100 μm, hole Gap rate scope is 30%~80%, and average pore size is 0.01 μm~10 μm.
3. preparation method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that:The thickness range of the supporting layer is 8 μm~25 μm, Porosity ranges are 30%~50%, and average pore size is 100nm~150nm.
4. preparation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The thickness of the coat is 1 μm~4 μm.
5. preparation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The polymer particle and inorganic particulate are in the slurry Mass percent be 15%~45%.
6. preparation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The Aqueous Adhesives are polyvinyl alcohol, polyoxygenated At least one in ethene, acrylic compounds water-soluble glue, styrene-butadiene latex;The surfactant is fluorocarbon surfactant, silicon At least one in alkane surfactant, polyol surfactant;The dispersant is polyoxyethylene dioleate, poly- four Ethylene glycol monostearate, poly- TEG monoleate, polyoxypropylene mannitol dioleate, polyoxypropylene stearate, At least one in polyoxyethylene fatty acid, alkylbenzenesulfonate, polyoxyethylene alkylether, polyvinylpyrrolidone;It is described Thickener is at least one in carboxymethylcellulose calcium, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, polyvinyl alcohol;The speed of the high-speed stirred is 2000~5000r/min;The application rate of barrier film is 10~70m/min, and the oven for drying time is 3~120s.
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