CN103512829A - Method for measuring sediment concentration through density of muddy water - Google Patents
Method for measuring sediment concentration through density of muddy water Download PDFInfo
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- CN103512829A CN103512829A CN201310507701.XA CN201310507701A CN103512829A CN 103512829 A CN103512829 A CN 103512829A CN 201310507701 A CN201310507701 A CN 201310507701A CN 103512829 A CN103512829 A CN 103512829A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for measuring sediment concentration through density of muddy water. The method comprises the following steps: 1) preparing, namely (1) weighing mass of sediment MS which serves as a sand sample, putting the sediment into a container, measuring volume VW of clear water, pouring the clear water into the container, and stirring to form muddy water; (2) measuring volume V of the muddy water obtained in the step (1), and calculating volume VS of the sediment in the muddy water according to a formula of VS=V-VW; and (3) calculating density of the sediment according to a formula of rhos=Ms/Vs; and 2) testing, namely (1) weighing mass M of muddy water to be measured, and measuring volume V of the muddy water to be measured; (2) calculating density of the muddy water according to a formula of rho=M/V and calculating density of the clear water according to a formula of rhoW=MWVW; and (3) calculating to obtain the volume concentration of the sediment according to a formula of CV=(rho-rhoW)(rhoS-rhoW). The method can be applied to sediment concentration measurement in muddy water rivers, hydropower stations, water pumping stations and the like, sediment concentration measurement in simulation test devices and calibration of various concentration measurement instruments in pressure flow and open-channel flow, as well as solid particle concentration measurement for all solid-liquid two-phase flows comprising solid particles.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of sediment concentration measuring method, particularly about a kind of method of muddy water density measure sediment concentration of passing through.
Background technology
In our daily life, industrial and agricultural production and scientific research, shared ratio separately after often needing to understand or measuring two or more different medium and mix, in liquid, typical concentrations is explained.For example, the muddy water that contains sand grain, often need to measure the concentration of these sand grains in water.Concentration has two kinds of main expression waies, i.e. volumetric concentration and mass concentration.With regard to sediment concentration, volumetric concentration C
vthe ratio of the shared volume of silt and muddy water cumulative volume in muddy water, and mass concentration C
mit is the ratio of Sediment quality and muddy water gross mass in muddy water.Engineering technical personnel's conventional unit volume muddy water of engineering practice Zhong， China containing sandy amount C'
m(C'
m=M
s/ V, wherein V is muddy water volume, M
ssediment quality in muddy water) explain the concentration of sand grain in muddy water, be referred to as silt content, its conventional unit is kg/m
3.In sediment concentration is measured, general method is weight method: getting volume is the muddy water that contains sand grain of V, adopts the methods such as filtration to filter after most moisture content, then dries, weighs, and obtains sand grain mass M
s, can calculate silt content C'
m(C'
m=M
s/ V), in above-mentioned metering system, only measured silt content C'
m, do not measure silt density p
s, only generally adopt quartz sand density 2650kg/m
3carry out approximate treatment muddy water volumetric concentration C
v(C
v=C'
m/ ρ
s).
Above-mentioned weight method exists following three aspects: not enough: if the mineral types of the solid particles such as 1 silt is different, the ratio of various mineral matters is different, its density can be different, generally by quartz sand density, replace the density that contains different minerals matter silt certainly will bring because it is uncertain very large error; It is very careful, careful that the filtration of silt needs, careless slightly all may be because of the bringing into of silt, take out of and increase test error.2, operating process is loaded down with trivial details, and labour intensity is large.3, because filtration, the oven dry of silt are very loaded down with trivial details, consuming time, often need a tediously long measuring process, measurement result can not be surveyed and get final product, and can only first sample, then C' is determined in the measurement that chooses the right moment
m, make all cannot obtain for a long time concentration or silt content value after test, wrongly in test process also cannot find in time.
Along with the progress of measuring technology, sediment concentration is measured and is adopted real time on-line monitoring to become development trend.For now, have the multiple measurement of concetration modes such as ultrasonic attenuation method, photoelectric method (infra-red method) and gamma-rays method.In these metering systems, its measurement result mostly is volumetric concentration or mass concentration, be converted into the conventional silt content C' of China
m, also need to use silt density p
s(C' converts
m=C
vρ
s), be necessary accurately to measure ρ
s.Although form the mineral density of sand grain and be determine, can survey, have multiple different minerals matter particle to determine but unknown concrete ratio while being combined into silt, its density is uncertain, so can not calculate acquisition, can only measure.But, between sand grain gapped ，Gai gap also because particle diameter, grating difference and compactness are different, therefore cannot be in atmosphere Measurement accuracy silt density.
Summary of the invention
For the problems referred to above, the object of this invention is to provide a kind of simple to operate, measuring accuracy is high and test result is surveyed and the method for passing through muddy water density measure sediment concentration that obtains.
For achieving the above object, the present invention takes following technical scheme: a kind of by the method for muddy water density measure sediment concentration, it comprises the following steps: the 1) preparatory stage: obtain silt density p
s: 1. weigh the Sediment quality M as husky sample
s, and put into a container, measure clear water volume V
w, pour in described container, stir into muddy water; 2. the muddy water volume V that 1. measuring process obtains, calculates silt volume V in muddy water
s=V-V
w; 3. calculate silt density p
s=M
s/ V
s; 2) test phase: measure to calculate the 1. silt volumetric concentration C in the basically identical muddy water of described husky sample of step in various mineral types and mineral matter ratio and step 1)
v: 1. weigh muddy water mass M to be measured, measure the volume V of muddy water to be measured; 2. calculate muddy water density p=M/V and clear water density
3. calculate and obtain silt volumetric concentration
Can be by silt volumetric concentration C
vbe converted into conventional silt content C' in industry
m:
C'
M＝ρ
S·C
V。
Silt volumetric concentration in described step 1)
derivation as follows:
Silt is shared volume V in muddy water
sfor:
V
S＝V-V
W （1）
And silt density p in muddy water
sfor:
ρ
s＝M
s/V
s （2）
In muddy water, between Sediment quality and clear water quality, there is following relation:
ρ·V＝ρ
S·V
S+ρ
W·V
W （3）
And silt volume can be expressed as:
V
S＝C
V·V （4）
Clear water volume can be expressed as:
V
W＝V-V
S （5）
Formula (4) and formula (5) are distinguished to substitution formula (3):
ρ·V＝ρ·C
V·V+ρ
W(V-C
V·V) （6）
After being simplified to processing, formula (6) obtains:
Obtain Sediment quality M
sduring with muddy water mass M to be measured, adopt the acquisition of weighing of standard weighing-appliance.
Obtain clear water volume V
wduring with muddy water volume V, adopt the orthobaric volume cylinder bucket metering of metered volume to obtain.
The present invention is owing to taking following technical scheme, it has the following advantages: 1, the present invention is owing to directly weighing and converting the method measurement calculative determination silt density of standard volume clear water with required silt, and this density does not substantially change with size grading for the solid particle of identical mineral matter, be subject to Water Temperature also very little, can think water temperature change little, mineral matter is basic identical or the ratio of different minerals matter keeps ρ under basically identical condition
sremain unchanged, therefore do not need each concentration to measure ρ
sthereby, can avoid each concentration to filter and toast silt, both reduced labour intensity, significantly shortened the test duration again, can also make test result survey and get final product.2, the present invention is owing to accurately measuring silt density p
s, no matter be by C
vconversion C'
m, or by C'
mconversion C
v, all than in the past, use quartz sand density 2650kg/m
3this general value is more accurate.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in detail.
What the present invention adopted is a kind of indirect metering system, does not directly measure sediment concentration in muddy water, but first by measurement, does husky mass M
s, clear water volume V
wand the two mixes the method for rear muddy water volume V, then calculative determination silt density p
s, obtain silt density p
safterwards, then by actual measurement or demarcation, measurement each point muddy water density p, clear water density p
w, calculate and obtain corresponding silt volumetric concentration C
v.
The principle of the invention is as follows:
Silt is shared volume V in muddy water
sfor:
V
S＝V-V
W （1）
And silt density p in muddy water
scan calculate with following formula:
ρ
s＝M
s/V
s （2）
In muddy water, between Sediment quality and clear water quality, there is following relation:
ρ·V＝ρ
S·V
S+ρ
W·V
W （3）
And silt volume V
scan be expressed as:
V
S＝C
V·V （4）
Wherein, C
vfor silt volumetric concentration.
Clear water volume can be expressed as:
V
W＝V-V
S （5）
Formula (4) and formula (5) are distinguished to substitution formula (3):
ρ·V＝ρ·C
V·V+ρ
W(V-C
V·V) （6）
After being simplified to processing, formula (6) obtains silt volumetric concentration C
v:
Therefore, when measuring silt volumetric concentration, can be by muddy water density p, clear water density p under variable concentrations condition
wwith silt density p in muddy water
smeasurement, employing formula (7) is calculated silt volumetric concentration C
v.
If need, also can adopt formula (8) by silt volumetric concentration C
vbe converted into conventional silt content C' in industry
m:
C'
M＝ρ
S·C
V （8）
In addition, consider that mineral density is because particle size changes, temperature influence is also smaller, thus can think in the muddy water measurement of concetration of same mineral matter (or have multiple different minerals matter, but each mineral matter ratio is substantially constant), this silt density p
sfor constant, need not again and again measure.
The inventive method comprises the following steps:
1) preparatory stage: measure and calculate silt density p
s
1. sand grain is mixed thoroughly, the sand grain of getting on demand certain mass is dried;
2. with balance or other high precision balance and weighing device, weigh Sediment quality M after required oven dry
s;
3. the silt of scale being crossed to quality all add can the orthobaric volume bucket of metered volume in;
4. volume V will be measured
wclear water pour in regular barrel, stir, silt and clear water are fully merged, until sand grain is around without bubble;
5. measure muddy water volume V, by formula V
s=V-V
wcalculate solid particle shared volume V in muddy water of silt or identical mineral matter
s;
6. by formula ρ
s=M
s/ V
scalculate silt density p
s.
For improving measuring accuracy, should make muddy water volume V approach volume bucket full scale as far as possible, and select high as far as possible measurement of concetration ρ
s, but must guarantee that solid particle is fully blended in water, there is no bubble, muddy water can flow, and automatically keeps free, the horizontal water surface.
2) test phase: by measuring muddy water density p and clear water density p
w, calculative determination silt volumetric concentration C
v
1. measure muddy water volume V and mass M, calculate muddy water density p;
2. measure the clear water density p identical with muddy water temperature
w;
3. utilize formula
calculate silt volumetric concentration C
v; Silt content C' as conventional in needs
m, adopt formula C'
m=ρ
sc
vcalculate.
For different sediment concentrations, only need repeat three above-mentioned steps, and not need to return preparatory stage duplicate measurements silt density p
s.
Owing to adopting weight method to claim Sediment quality, muddy water quality and clear water quality, and aerostatic buoyancy can affect measurement result while weighing, and is to guarantee measuring accuracy, should when weighing, carry out aerostatic buoyancy correction.
The various embodiments described above are only for illustrating the present invention; concrete implementation step and detailed rules and regulations that each stage and projects are measured all can change to some extent; on the basis of technical solution of the present invention; all improvement and equivalents of indivedual implementation steps and detailed rules and regulations being carried out according to the principle of the invention, all should not get rid of outside protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. by a method for muddy water density measure sediment concentration, it comprises the following steps:
1) preparatory stage: obtain silt density p
s
1. weigh the Sediment quality M as husky sample
s, and put into a container, measure clear water volume V
w, pour in described container, stir into muddy water;
2. the muddy water volume V that 1. measuring process obtains, calculates silt volume V in muddy water
s=V-V
w;
3. calculate silt density p
s=M
s/ V
s;
2) test phase: measure to calculate the 1. silt volumetric concentration C in the basically identical muddy water of described husky sample of step in various mineral types and mineral matter ratio and step 1)
v
1. weigh muddy water mass M to be measured, measure the volume V of muddy water to be measured;
2. calculate muddy water density p=M/V and clear water density
3. calculate and obtain silt volumetric concentration
2. as claimed in claim 1 a kind of by the method for muddy water density measure sediment concentration, it is characterized in that: can be by silt volumetric concentration C
vbe converted into conventional silt content C' in industry
m:
C'
M＝ρ
S·C
V。
3. as claimed in claim 1 or 2 a kind of by the method for muddy water density measure sediment concentration, it is characterized in that: the silt volumetric concentration in described step 1)
derivation as follows:
Silt is shared volume V in muddy water
sfor:
V
S＝V-V
W （1）
And silt density p in muddy water
sfor:
ρ
s＝M
s/V
s （2）
In muddy water, between Sediment quality and clear water quality, there is following relation:
ρ·V＝ρ
S·V
S+ρ
W·V
W （3）
And silt volume can be expressed as:
V
S＝C
V·V （4）
Clear water volume is expressed as:
V
W＝V-V
S （5）
Formula (4) and formula (5) are distinguished to substitution formula (3):
ρ·V＝ρ·C
V·V+ρ
W(V-C
V·V) （6）
After being simplified to processing, formula (6) obtains:
4. as claimed in claim 1 or 2 a kind of by the method for muddy water density measure sediment concentration, it is characterized in that: obtain Sediment quality M
sduring with muddy water mass M to be measured, adopt the acquisition of weighing of standard weighing-appliance.
5. a kind of by the method for muddy water density measure sediment concentration as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that: obtain clear water volume V
wduring with muddy water volume V, adopt the orthobaric volume cylinder bucket metering of metered volume to obtain.
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310507701.XA CN103512829B (en) | 2013-10-24 | 2013-10-24 | A kind of method by muddy water density measure sediment concentration |
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| CN103512829A true CN103512829A (en) | 2014-01-15 |
| CN103512829B CN103512829B (en) | 2015-12-09 |
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Cited By (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104215787A (en) * | 2014-10-09 | 2014-12-17 | 广西大学 | Automatic measuring and data recording device for silt content in river water |
| CN104568643A (en) * | 2015-01-07 | 2015-04-29 | 黑龙江省水土保持科学研究院 | Method for calculating sand content by measuring volume and weight of water sample |
| CN104568658A (en) * | 2014-12-24 | 2015-04-29 | 正大青春宝药业有限公司 | Method for quickly detecting content of volatile matter in traditional Chinese medicinal steam distillate |
| CN104568644A (en) * | 2015-01-07 | 2015-04-29 | 黑龙江省水土保持科学研究院 | Method for measuring content of sand in water sample by use of 1000ml volumetric flask |
| CN104880462A (en) * | 2014-02-27 | 2015-09-02 | 天津虹炎科技有限公司 | Sand content measuring system for dredging tube of dredger |
| CN104880179A (en) * | 2014-02-27 | 2015-09-02 | 天津虹炎科技有限公司 | Machinery siltation levee strengthening sediment discharge measurement system for the Yellow River |
| CN105021496A (en) * | 2015-06-05 | 2015-11-04 | 王昱海 | Density measuring apparatus with tiny error |
| CN105823805A (en) * | 2016-05-07 | 2016-08-03 | 江西汇水科技有限公司 | Runoff sediment concentration measuring equipment system and measuring method thereof |
| CN106404134A (en) * | 2016-08-25 | 2017-02-15 | 湖南辰州矿业有限责任公司 | Method and device for measuring mass of solid in solid and liquid mixture |
| CN106840988A (en) * | 2017-03-27 | 2017-06-13 | 河海大学 | A kind of measurement apparatus and method of the vertical sediment concentration in river |
| CN107255603A (en) * | 2017-07-25 | 2017-10-17 | 周庆华 | A kind of floatage-type cell runoff and sediment automatic observer |
| CN107328913A (en) * | 2017-07-26 | 2017-11-07 | 中国农业大学烟台研究院 | A kind of suitable silt ratio judgment means of latent bottom class aquatic livestock |
| CN107607482A (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2018-01-19 | 河海大学 | River Dynamic sediment charge measuring method |
| CN112113882A (en) * | 2020-09-11 | 2020-12-22 | 中国水利水电第七工程局成都水电建设工程有限公司 | Automatic monitor for flushing state of drill hole |
| CN113218804A (en) * | 2021-04-23 | 2021-08-06 | 龙蟒佰利联集团股份有限公司 | Rapid test and calculation method for concentration of titanium dioxide slurry |
| CN113884404A (en) * | 2021-08-22 | 2022-01-04 | 武汉新烽光电股份有限公司 | Method and device for measuring sediment content of river channel |
| CN115791309A (en) * | 2022-12-08 | 2023-03-14 | 江西省水利科学院 | Portable automatic sampling and monitoring device for runoff sediment in slope runoff plot |
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| CN104880462A (en) * | 2014-02-27 | 2015-09-02 | 天津虹炎科技有限公司 | Sand content measuring system for dredging tube of dredger |
| CN104880179A (en) * | 2014-02-27 | 2015-09-02 | 天津虹炎科技有限公司 | Machinery siltation levee strengthening sediment discharge measurement system for the Yellow River |
| CN104215787A (en) * | 2014-10-09 | 2014-12-17 | 广西大学 | Automatic measuring and data recording device for silt content in river water |
| CN104215787B (en) * | 2014-10-09 | 2016-08-17 | 广西大学 | In river, sediment charge is measured and data recording equipment automatically |
| CN104568658A (en) * | 2014-12-24 | 2015-04-29 | 正大青春宝药业有限公司 | Method for quickly detecting content of volatile matter in traditional Chinese medicinal steam distillate |
| CN104568643A (en) * | 2015-01-07 | 2015-04-29 | 黑龙江省水土保持科学研究院 | Method for calculating sand content by measuring volume and weight of water sample |
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| CN105021496A (en) * | 2015-06-05 | 2015-11-04 | 王昱海 | Density measuring apparatus with tiny error |
| CN105823805A (en) * | 2016-05-07 | 2016-08-03 | 江西汇水科技有限公司 | Runoff sediment concentration measuring equipment system and measuring method thereof |
| CN106404134A (en) * | 2016-08-25 | 2017-02-15 | 湖南辰州矿业有限责任公司 | Method and device for measuring mass of solid in solid and liquid mixture |
| CN106840988A (en) * | 2017-03-27 | 2017-06-13 | 河海大学 | A kind of measurement apparatus and method of the vertical sediment concentration in river |
| CN107255603A (en) * | 2017-07-25 | 2017-10-17 | 周庆华 | A kind of floatage-type cell runoff and sediment automatic observer |
| CN107255603B (en) * | 2017-07-25 | 2023-07-14 | 周庆华 | Buoyancy type district runoff sediment automatic observation instrument |
| CN107328913A (en) * | 2017-07-26 | 2017-11-07 | 中国农业大学烟台研究院 | A kind of suitable silt ratio judgment means of latent bottom class aquatic livestock |
| CN107607482A (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2018-01-19 | 河海大学 | River Dynamic sediment charge measuring method |
| CN107607482B (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2020-06-05 | 河海大学 | Method for measuring dynamic sediment content of river |
| CN112113882A (en) * | 2020-09-11 | 2020-12-22 | 中国水利水电第七工程局成都水电建设工程有限公司 | Automatic monitor for flushing state of drill hole |
| CN112113882B (en) * | 2020-09-11 | 2022-11-25 | 中国水利水电第七工程局成都水电建设工程有限公司 | Automatic monitor for flushing state of drill hole |
| CN113218804A (en) * | 2021-04-23 | 2021-08-06 | 龙蟒佰利联集团股份有限公司 | Rapid test and calculation method for concentration of titanium dioxide slurry |
| CN113884404A (en) * | 2021-08-22 | 2022-01-04 | 武汉新烽光电股份有限公司 | Method and device for measuring sediment content of river channel |
| CN115791309A (en) * | 2022-12-08 | 2023-03-14 | 江西省水利科学院 | Portable automatic sampling and monitoring device for runoff sediment in slope runoff plot |
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|---|---|
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