CN103507040A - Machine tool - Google Patents

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Publication number
CN103507040A
CN103507040A CN201310234146.8A CN201310234146A CN103507040A CN 103507040 A CN103507040 A CN 103507040A CN 201310234146 A CN201310234146 A CN 201310234146A CN 103507040 A CN103507040 A CN 103507040A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
solenoid
impactor
movement
magnetic field
axis
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Granted
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CN201310234146.8A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN103507040B (en
Inventor
A·宾德
C·哈肯霍尔特
J·孔特纳
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Hilti AG
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Hilti AG
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Publication of CN103507040A publication Critical patent/CN103507040A/en
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Publication of CN103507040B publication Critical patent/CN103507040B/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25D—PERCUSSIVE TOOLS
    • B25D11/00—Portable percussive tools with electromotor or other motor drive
    • B25D11/06—Means for driving the impulse member
    • B25D11/064—Means for driving the impulse member using an electromagnetic drive
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/16—Rectilinearly-movable armatures
    • H01F7/1607—Armatures entering the winding
    • H01F7/1615—Armatures or stationary parts of magnetic circuit having permanent magnet
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K33/00—Motors with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating magnet, armature or coil system
    • H02K33/12—Motors with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating magnet, armature or coil system with armatures moving in alternate directions by alternate energisation of two coil systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/16—Rectilinearly-movable armatures
    • H01F2007/1692—Electromagnets or actuators with two coils

Abstract

The invention relates to a machine power tool (1) including a tool-holding part (6) which is configured to movably support a chiseling tool (7) along a movement axis (3). A magneto-pneumatic striking mechanism (2) includes a primary drive (22) which includes a first magnetic coil (46), a permanent and radial magnetized ring magnet (42) and a second magnetic coil (47) which are arranged around the movement axis (3) and in sequence in the impact direction. The striking mechanism (2) comprises a striker (4) and an anvil (13) arranged within the magnetic coils on the movement axis and in sequence in the impact direction (5). An air spring (23) acts on the striker (4) along the impact direction (5).

Description

Toolroom machine
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of toolroom machine, the instrument that described toolroom machine can drive a cutter to cut.One impactor is directly accelerated and is bumped against on instrument by solenoid.The toolroom machine of this pattern is for example known by open text US2010/0206593.
Summary of the invention
Toolroom machine according to the present invention has an instrument accommodation section, and this instrument accommodation section is provided for supporting movingly along an axis of movement instrument that a cutter is cut.The moving beater mechanism beater mechanism of one magnetism comprises an elementary drive unit, and this elementary drive unit has around one first solenoid axis of movement setting and that follow each other along impact direction, an annular magnet and one second solenoid.Beater mechanism with on axis of movement in each solenoid and the mode of following each other along impact direction there is an impactor and a drift.One air spring is along impact direction impact device generation effect.This air spring for example can either partially or fully be arranged on the inside of the first solenoid.Annular magnet be permanent magnetism and about axis of movement diametrical magnetization.Annular magnet is for example combined by a plurality of permanent magnets, these permanent magnets all with a magnetic pole, for example N level (N) towards axis of movement, and deviate from axis of movement orientation with another magnetic pole, for example S level (S).
Substantially along the permanent magnet generation ，Gai magnetic field, Yi Ge magnetic field of radial direction orientation, at the first solenoid and the second solenoid inside, along contrary direction, extend.Can utilize this asymmetry, so as by the magnetic field intensity two solenoid inside anti-phase be placed in large and a little value.The gradient of magnetic field intensity makes impactor based on reluctance force campaign.
One form of implementation is set, and inputs the electric current in the first solenoid and the electric current inputted in the second solenoid has around the identical Direction of circulation of axis of movement.All parallel with impact direction or antiparallel ground is directed by the first solenoid and the magnetic field being produced by the second solenoid.
One form of implementation is set, and control device is controlled solenoid in the stage replacing.By the first solenoid in inner the first magnetic field producing of the first solenoid in the first stage gain property ground and second stage impairment property with the magnetic field superposition of annular magnet and by the second solenoid in inner the second magnetic field producing of the second solenoid first stage impairment property and second stage gain with the magnetic field superposition of annular magnet.
Impactor can be a kind of material of soft magnetism.Self does not produce magnetic field this impactor.The rapid decay of remanent magnetization of impactor or field intensity aspect are than little at least one order of magnitude of the field intensity of solenoid or annular magnet.The reluctance force of impactor based on magnetic field moved.Drift is preferably also made by the material of soft magnetism.
One form of implementation is set, during drift stretches in the second solenoid or reclines the yoke of the second solenoid along impact direction.Magnetizable drift conduction magnetic field.The magnetic field being produced by the second solenoid be arranged essentially parallel to impact direction from drift out, the end face that is substantially perpendicular to drift extends.The magnetic field being produced by annular magnet is also substantially perpendicular to described end face and enters in drift.Thus, near high field intensity end face is possible.
One form of implementation is set, and air spring is in reverse to impact direction by fixing dead lock and seals.The relative solenoid of fixing dead lock, instrument accommodation section etc. are not movable.The pneumatic chamber of air spring is isolated with surrounding environment except passage.Passage is on the axial height of one end towards annular magnet of the first solenoid.
One form of implementation is set, impactor each position partly with solenoid at least one and partly overlapping with annular magnet.Impactor preferably stretches in the second solenoid in the first solenoid is stretched into a part in each position and with another part.
One form of implementation is set, and the second length of first Length Ratio the second solenoid of the first solenoid is little, and especially, the ratio of the second length and the first length is between 1.75 and 2.25.Asymmetry proof is more favourable to high impact energy.
One form of implementation is set, and the first solenoid, annular magnet and the second solenoid are arranged in conduit with axis of movement coaxial directed conduit setting and air spring, impactor and drift around one.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below describe by each exemplary form of implementation and accompanying drawing explanation the present invention.Wherein:
Fig. 1 illustrates an electronic chisel,
Fig. 2 illustrates a beater mechanism of electronic chisel,
Fig. 3 illustrates the motion of impactor and drift,
Fig. 4 illustrates the profile that beater mechanism intercepts in planar I V-IV,
Fig. 5 illustrates the circuit of beater mechanism,
Fig. 6 illustrates control curve map.
As long as explanation no longer in addition, element identical or that function is identical shows with identical Reference numeral in each figure.
Concrete form of implementation
Fig. 1 illustrates a hand-held electronic chisel 1 as an example for a toolroom machine of punchinging.The moving beater mechanism 2 of one magnetism produces the cycle or aperiodic impact by means of an impactor 4 guiding on axis of movement 3 along impact direction 5.Recline on axis of movement 3 beater mechanism 2 of one instrument accommodation section 6 keeps cutters to cut instrument 7.Drive cutter 7 in instrument accommodation section 6 along axis of movement 3 guide movingly and can by impact along impact direction 5 drivings for example invade in basis.One lock part 8 limits cutter and cuts instrument 7 moving axially in instrument accommodation section 6.Lock part 8 is for example a pivotable segmental support and preferably can manual release without supplementary means, to can replace cutter, cuts instrument 7.
Beater mechanism 2 is arranged in a casing 9.One handle 10 arranging on casing 9 can make user catch and guide in operation electronic chisel 1.One system switching 11 is preferably mounted on handle 10, by this system switching user, can start beater mechanism 2.System switching 11 activates a for example control device 12 of beater mechanism 2.
Fig. 2 illustrates the profilograph of the moving beater mechanism of magnetism 2.Beater mechanism 2 only has two movably parts: an impactor 4 and a drift 13.Impactor 4 and drift 13 are on a common axis of movement 3; Drift 13 is after impact direction 5 is connected on impactor 4.Impactor 4 moves back and forth between turning point 15 on a shock point 14 and one on axis of movement 3.
At shock point 14 impactors 4, bump against on drift 13.The position along axis of shock point 14 is predetermined by drift 13.Drift 13 is preferably parked in its home position 16, and after each impacts, returns to this home position 16 before preferably once bumping against on drift 13 on impactor 4.For following description, suppose that this preferably moves.But the moving beater mechanism 2 of magnetism is different from a traditional pneumatic beater mechanism 2, the physical location of drift 13 has large tolerance relatively.Drift still can shift out along the relative home position 16 of impact direction 5 when impacting.Therefore ，Gai position, the position impactor 4 that home position 16 provides the earliest along impact direction 5 can bump against on drift 13.
Impactor 4 to the spacing 17 of drift 13 is maximum at upper turning point 15 places, and a distance being moved past by impactor 4 hereinafter referred to as stroke 18 simultaneously.Fig. 3 illustrates to illustrate the motion when three impacts in succession about the time 19 of impactor 4 and drift 13.
Impactor 4 drift 13 that typically reclines in its position of having a rest.In order to impact, impactor 4 return movement contrary to impact direction 5 and accelerating along impact direction 5 after turning point 15 on arriving.Impactor 4 strikes on drift 13 at shock point 14 at its terminal along the movement of impact direction 5.Drift bears half of the obvious kinetic energy more than impactor 4 and is offset along impact direction 5.Drift 13 is cut instrument 7 by the cutter reclining in the above and to basis, is moved before it along impact direction 5.User presses beater mechanism 2 along impact direction 5 to basis, makes whereby drift 13, preferably indirectly by cutter, cuts instrument 7 and be moved back into its home position 16.Drift 13 abuts in one and is fixed on the block 20 of housing along impact direction 5 at home position.Block 20 can for example comprise a buffer element.Exemplary drift 13 has radially-protruding blade 21, and it can abut on block 20.
The contactless elementary drive unit 22 by an electromagnetism drives impactor 4.Elementary drive unit 22 improves impactor 4 in contrast to impact direction 5.As described below, elementary drive unit 22 preferably only temporarily activates during upwards turning point 15 improves impactor 4.Elementary drive unit 22 on crossing after turning point 15 acceleration shock device 4 until arrive shock point 14.Can roughly with over upper turning point 15 activate elementary drive unit 22 simultaneously.Preferably elementary drive unit 22 is until impact is to keep activating.One air spring 23 impactor 4 along between the moving period of impact direction 5 from turning point 15 until support elementary drive unit 22 before shock point nearby.Before air spring 23 is arranged on impactor 4 along impact direction 5 on axis of movement 3 and act on impactor 4.
Impactor 4 mainly comprises a cylindrical base, and its outer surface 24 is parallel to axis of movement 3.One front end face 25 points to impact direction 5.Front end face 25 is flat and covers the whole cross section of impactor 4.One rear end face 26 is preferably flat equally.Impactor 4 inserts in a conduit 27.Conduit 27 is coaxial and have a cylinder shape inner wall 28 with axis of movement 3.The outer surface 24 of impactor 4 inwall 28 that reclines.In conduit 27 on axis of movement 3 mandatory guidance impactor 4.The hollow cross-section of the cross section of impactor 4 and conduit 27 is removed small mobile space fit on and is accurately mutually mated.Impactor 4 is equivalent to the sealing device closes ducts (27) of an activity.The sealing ring 29 of one rubber embeds in outer surface 24 and can compensate the tolerance in manufacture.
Conduit 27 at it along sealing on the front end of impact direction 5.In exemplary form of implementation, a dead lock 30 embeds in conduit 27, and the cross section of this dead lock is corresponding to the hollow cross-section of conduit 27.Preferably flat and perpendicular to axis of movement 3 to the latch surfaces 31 of interior orientation.Dead lock 30 is installed with a fixing spacing 32 that is relatively stopped at the drift 13 of home position.Cavity between dead lock 30 and the drift 13 at home position 16 is the effective region of impact device 4 of conduit 27, and impactor 4 can move in Gai region.Maximum stroke 18 is the length 33 of spacing 32 deduction impactors 4 substantially.
At one side closed conduit 27 and impactor 4, form a pneumatic chamber 34.One volume of pneumatic chamber 34 is a spacing 35 between the rear end face 26 of latch surfaces 31 and impactor in proportion to.This volume is owing to being variable along the movable impactor 4 of axis of movement 3.The effect that air compression or decompression contracting produces air spring 23 in pneumatic chamber 34 when motion.Pneumatic chamber 34 occupies maximum volume at shock point 14, that is when impactor 4 bumps against on drift 13.At this moment pressure in pneumatic chamber 34 be minimum and advantageously equal environmental pressure.The potential energy of air spring 23 should equal zero by definition at shock point 14.At the upper turning point 15 of impactor 4, pneumatic chamber 34 reaches minimum volume; Pressure can be raised to approximately 16 bar.By control method, limit the stroke of impactor 4, to pneumatic chamber 34 volumes and pressure are adjusted to a desired value at upper turning point 15.The potential energy of air spring 23 should be in a narrow number range at upper turning point 15, and irrelevant with externalities.Particularly the relative drift 13 of beater mechanism 2 will be strong (robust) impacting Shi position thus, although its position impact device 4 is until the exercise duration of upper turning point 15 has large impact.
Air spring 23 is provided with one or more passages 36, so that the loss of compensation air capacity in air spring 23.Passage 36 seals by impactor 4 between the compression period of air spring 23.Preferably, the pressure in air spring 43 is less than 50% while being different from environmental pressure, impactor 4 release ventilation hole 36 nearby before shock point 14.In this exemplary example forms, when impactor left impact position more than its stroke 18 5% time, impactor 4 runs over a passage 36.
Elementary drive unit is based on reluctance force, its impact device 4 generation effects.The matrix of impactor 4 consists of the steel of a soft magnetism.The relative permanent magnet impactor 4 of impactor 4 is characterised in that it is less than 4000A/m, is preferably less than the little coercive field strength of 2500A/m.The one outside magnetic field with so little magnetic field intensity can make the polarization conversion polarity of impactor 4.Draw in magnetizable impactor 4 in the region of the highest magnetic field intensity in the one outside magnetic field loading, and irrelevant with its polarity.
Elementary drive unit 22 has a cavity along axis of movement 3, and conduit 27 inserts in this cavity.Elementary drive unit 22 produces the switchable magnetic field 38 of a permanent magnetic field 37 and one or two segment bounds in cavity and in conduit.Magnetic field 37,38 is the section 41 below the section 40 and in the middle of axis of movement 3 is divided into section above one 39, by the effective region of cavity and conduit 27.In the superincumbent section 39 of field line in magnetic field 37,38 and section below 41, being parallel to a considerable extent axis of movement 3 extends and perpendicular to axis of movement 3, extends to a considerable extent in middle section 40.The orientation that magnetic field 37,38 is either parallel or anti-parallel to impact direction 5 with its field line is distinguished mutually.In the section 39 of the field line (chain-dotted line mode) in the permanent magnetic field 37 that illustrates of part on conduit 27, be antiparallel to a considerable extent that impact direction 5 extends and conduit 27 one below section 41 in be parallel to a considerable extent impact direction 5 extensions.For the function of beater mechanism 2, it is important in the superincumbent section 39 of the field line in permanent magnetic field 37, comparing different bearing of trends from the traffic direction in section 41 below.The field line in switchable magnetic field 38 at (shown in dotted line) during one-phase the section 39 on conduit 27 and below section 41 in along impact direction 5, extend and at (not shown) during another stage, in two sections 39,41, be antiparallel to a considerable extent impact direction 5 and extend to a considerable extent.Therefore permanent magnetic field 37 and switchable magnetic field 38 impairment property stack and be gain property in another section 41 in one of two sections 39.Section 39Zhong， magnetic field 37,38 is therein according to one of control device 12 real-time switching cycle gain property stack.Impactor 4 is drawn in respectively in the section 39,41 of the stack with gain property.One reverse in turn in switchable magnetic field 38 promotes moving back and forth of impactor 4.
By comprising of a diametrical magnetization, the annular magnet 42 of a plurality of permanent magnets 43 produces permanent magnetic field 37.Fig. 4 illustrates the profile of annular magnet 42 in planar I V-IV.Each exemplary permanent magnet 43 is clavate magnet preferably.Each permanent magnet 43 is radially directed.Its magnetic field axis 44 that is from the South Pole to the arctic perpendicular to axis of movement 3.The whole identical orientation of each permanent magnet 43, shown in example in their arctic N point to axis of movement 3 and South Pole S away from axis of movement 3.Between each permanent magnet 43, can be along the circumferential direction for example plastics of the not magnetizable material 45 of an air-gap or.Annular magnet 42 is arranged between latch surfaces 31 and drift 13 along axis of movement 3.Annular magnet 42 is preferably set asymmetrically, particularly compares drift 13 closer to latch surfaces 31.Annular magnet 42 position is the section 41 below axis of movement 3 is divided into the section 39 and above by conduit 27, and before section is above in annular magnet 42 along impact direction 5, section is below after impact direction 5 is in annular magnet 42.Field line in superincumbent section 39 is compared along contrary direction and is extended with the field line in section 41 below to a considerable extent.Each permanent magnet 43 preferably comprises the alloy of a neodymium.The field intensity extremely going up at each of each permanent magnet 43 is preferably for example, on 1 tesla, reach 2 teslas.
With a solenoid 46 and above solenoid 47 below, produce switchable magnetic fields 38.Before solenoid 46 is above arranged on annular magnet 42 along impact direction 5.Annular magnet 42 preferably directly reclines.The section 39 of solenoid 46 above above conduit 27.Solenoid 47 below after impact direction 5 is arranged on annular magnet 42, preferred recline annular magnet and around section 41 below.Along identical direction of rotation, around axis of movement 3, by an electric current 48, flow through two solenoids 47,46.The magnetic field 49 above being produced by solenoid 46 above and the magnetic field 50 below being produced by solenoid 47 be parallel to a considerable extent axis of movement 3 and both with equidirectional along axis of movement 3 orientations, that is the field line in two magnetic fields 49,50 extends or in contrast to impact direction 5 extensions conduit 27 in or along impact direction 5.Electric current 48 is by controlled power supply 51 input solenoids 46,47.Preferably, two solenoid patterns 46,47 and power supply 51 series connection (Fig. 5).
The length 52 of solenoid 47 below, that is the length 53 of the solenoid 46 above the size of axis of movement 3 is preferably greater than, Length Ratio is in the scope between 1.75:1 to 2.25:1.Solenoid 46,47 equates about the field intensity in magnetic field 49 above or about the corresponding numerical optimization of the field intensity in magnetic field 50 below in conduit 27.The coil number of solenoid 46 above can be corresponding to Length Ratio with the ratio of the coil number of solenoid 47 below.Radial dimension 54 and an ammeter surface density preferably for two solenoids 46,47(in the situation that there is no other parts of beater mechanism) be identical.
One yoke 55 can be conducted magnetic field 37,38 outside conduit 27.Yoke 55 has the cage that a hollow cylinder or for example comprises a plurality of ribs that extend along axis of movement 3, the annular magnet 42 that it surrounds two solenoids 46,47 and comprises a plurality of permanent magnets 43.The solenoid 46 of the end portion 56 above of one annular of yoke 55 above impact direction 5 covers.The end portion 57 below of one annular on the height of drift 13 in abutting connection with conduit 27.The solenoid 47 of end portion 57 below below impact direction 5 covers.In superincumbent section 39 and section below 41, be either parallel or anti-parallel to axis of movement 3 guiding magnetic fields 37,38.Magnetic field 37,38 is by yoke 55, particularly radially fed by annular end portion 56,57.In section 41 below, in the interior realization of drift 13, radially return to a considerable extent.Therefore field line is preferably to a considerable extent perpendicular to the end face 26 of impactor 4 and the shock surface 58 of drift 13.Radially returning in superincumbent section 39 can not guide ground that is realizes in yoke 56 via air.
Yoke 55 is by magnetizable material, preferably consist of electrical sheet.Conduit 27 is not magnetizable.Applicable material for conduit 27 comprises chromium steel, by selection, comprises aluminium or plastics.Preferably by not magnetizable material, formed the dead lock 30 of conduit 27.
The preferred Qi each position of impactor 4 and two solenoids 46,47 are overlapping.Especially, the solenoid 46 of rear end face 26 above putting in or at least until in annular magnet 42 when impactor 4 reclines drift 13.Rear end face 26 at least exceeds the axial centre of annular magnet 42.The passage 36 of pneumatic chamber 34 arrange superincumbent solenoid 46 on the axial height of annular magnet 42 one end.Spacing 35 to annular magnet 42 is preferably less than 1cm.
One control device 12 of beater mechanism 2 is controlled power supply 51.Power supply 51 is adjusted to one by the electric current by its output 48 and is passed through control device 12 by means of the predetermined rated value 60 of a conditioning signal 59.Power supply 51 preferably includes a regulating loop 61, to the current stabilization of output is arrived to rated value 60.One measure device is measured actual current 62.One difference amplifier 63 forms a regulated quantity 64 by actual current 48 and rated value 60, and it is supplied to power supply 51 to control electric current output.Power supply 51 for example, by a power supply 65, a power connection or battery-powered.
Control device 12 switches rated value 60 indirect switch current 48 in the process that moves back and forth of impactor 4.Fig. 6 explanation is about the switching model of exemplary repetition of times 19 1.Switching model is divided into three different stages substantially.The return stage 66 of one cycle with an activation starts.During the stage of returning 66 of activating, from impact position, start in contrast to impact direction 5 acceleration shock devices 4.When air spring has reached a predetermined potential energy, finish the stage of returning 66 of activating.After the stage of returning 66 of activating, directly then one have a rest the stage 67, during its turning point 15 on impactor 4 arrival, finish.Turning point 15 on impactor 4 is crossed starts boost phase 68 later or in process.During boost phase 68, along impact direction 5 acceleration shock devices 4, preferably accelerate to continuously impactor 4 and bump against on drift 13.Before starting, the stage of returning 66 that frequency of impact as requested activates in next time after boost phase 68 can realize an intermittence 69.
Control device 12 imports a new impact with the stage of returning 66 of an activation.Control device 12 is that the power supply 51 being conditioned is scheduled to one first value 70 as rated value 60.The first value sign convention of 70, electric current 48 is circulation in solenoid 47 like this, in solenoid 46 magnetic field 49 above and the section 39 of permanent magnetic field 37 on conduit 27, superposes to gain property.Now in the section 39 of impactor 4 above impact direction 5 and the power acceleration of resisting air spring 23 enter.The function of impactor 4 increases continuously.Potential energy based on moving backward while compressed air spring 23 and storing in air spring is because the Volume Changes merit completing increases.
Electric current 48 preferred streams are crossed two solenoids 46,47.Preferably impairment property stack in electromagnetic field 37,38 section 41 below.Can select like this numerical value of the first value 70, the permanent magnetic field 37 that the magnetic field 50 impairment property that produced by solenoid 47 are below compensated for each permanent magnet 43.Preferably will in magnetic field intensity section 41 below, drop to zero or be reduced to 10% of the magnetic field intensity that is less than in superincumbent section 39.Power supply 51 and solenoid 46,47 are designed for the electric current 48 of the current strength with the first value 70.The first value 70 can remain unchanged during the stage of returning 66 of activating.
The end in the stage of returning 66 that control device 12 triggers the activation according to the prediction of the potential energy about superincumbent turning point 15 air springs 23.When potential energy reaches a desired value and during without the further support by elementary drive unit 22, for example, by 22 deexcitations of elementary drive unit.Consider in this case, the moment 71 potential energy disconnecting at elementary drive unit reached a part for desired value and by impactor 4 until above the real-time kinetic energy of turning point 15 change the part lacking so far of desired value into.Can be by consider the loss in transformation in a chart 72 being stored in control device 12.The impact energy of desired value in impactor 4 25% and 40% between scope in, for example at least 30% and for example the highest by 37%.
One prediction unit 73 contrasts the service condition of beater mechanism 2 constantly.One exemplary prediction is based on a piezometry.Prediction unit 73 measures the signal of pressure sensor 74.By pressure and the threshold comparison measured.If pressure surpasses threshold value, prediction unit 73 sends a control signal 59 to control device 12.Control signal 59 notices, when elementary drive unit 22 disconnects immediately, potential energy reaches desired value.Control device 12 finishes the stage of returning 66 of activating.
Prediction unit 73 is loaded with threshold value, preferably from the threshold value of reference table 72 of storage.Reference table 72 can accurately comprise a threshold value.But preferably depositing a plurality of is the different predetermined threshold values of service condition.For example can deposit for the threshold value in the different temperature of pneumatic chamber 34.The signal that prediction unit 73 removes pressure sensor 74 is also received a signal of a temperature sensor 75.For example according to the latter, select threshold value.
In addition prediction unit 73 can change the speed of estimating impactor 4 by pressure.72 pairs of real-time pressure of reference table can comprise different threshold values for different speed.Because impactor faster 4 is by trend compressed air spring 23 significantly, threshold value is less than for a lower speed for a higher speed.Threshold value can be improved the repeatability of desired value according to the selection of speed or pressure variation.
The end in the stage of returning 66 of activating is the beginning in the stage of having a rest 67 simultaneously.Control device 12 is placed in zero by the rated value of electric current 48 60.Disconnect convertible magnetic field 38 and by 22 deexcitations of elementary drive unit.Although permanent magnetic field 37 impact devices 4 exert an influence.But because permanent magnetic field 37 has one substantially along the constant field intensity of axis of movement 3, this permanent-magnetic field impact device 4 applies only small or do not apply power.
Replacement drops to zero by electric current 48, electric current 48 can be placed in to a negative value of relative rated value 60 in the stage of having a rest 67.Reduce thus the remanent magnetism (Remaneszenz) in impactor 4.It is very little that the numerical value of electric current 48 is compared with the numerical value of rated value 60, to do not hinder motion backward, for example, is less than 10%.
Impactor 4 is braked until stop by air spring 23 during the stage of having a rest 67.Before turning point 15 on impactor 4 arrives halted states that is arrives, the potential energy of air spring 23 also improves with a part for the kinetic energy of impactor 4 simultaneously.
The stage of returning 66 of activating and the order in the stage 67 of having a rest prove special Energy Efficient in the arranging of the test of beater mechanism, and particularly on the terminal in the stage of returning 66 of activating, electric current 48 is cut to zero.The efficiency spacing that the turning point from above 15 is more and more less with impactor 4 35 of elementary drive unit 22 reduces.As long as elementary drive unit 22 effectively works and just impactor 4 is accelerated to a high speed.If predict and show, impactor 4 does not need elementary drive unit 22 just to arrive desired turning point 15 above now, by elementary drive unit 22 deexcitations of working more and more inefficiently.In a scheme, electric current 48 is dropped to zero continuously or with a plurality of steps.The efficiency of can take is in this case implemented the adaptive coupling of the running orbit of the turning point 15 of impactor 4 above arrival as cost.In this scheme, also before the turning point 15 on arrive, preferably then have a rest the stage 67.
From prediction, draw the duration in the stage of returning 66 of activation.According to moving or also can differently growing from impacting shock duration.For example drift 13 did not arrive its primary position 16 before impacting, thus impactor 4 for next impact must be through larger distance.When constant in duration in the stage of returning 66 of activating, the power that the kinetic energy of receiving is not enough to overcome air spring 23 for impactor 4 arrives desired turning point 15 above.
The arrival of control device 12 bases turning point 15 above triggers the end in the stage 67 of having a rest.Along with the end in the stage of having a rest 67 starts boost phase 68.Control device 12 triggers the beginning of boost phase 68 by the counter motion of impactor 4.One position sensor or motion sensor can direct-detection impactor 4 counter motion.The preferred heterodromous identification indirectly pressure based in pneumatic chamber 34 changes.
Pressure sensor 74 is coupled to pneumatic chamber 34.Pressure sensor 74 is for example the pressure sensor 74 of a piezoresistance.Pressure sensor 74 can be arranged in pneumatic chamber 34 or via an air duct and be coupled to pneumatic chamber 34.Pressure sensor 74 is preferably arranged on dead lock 30 or in dead lock.For pressure sensor 74 configuration one evaluating apparatus 76.The pressure of evaluating apparatus 76 monitoring one in pneumatic chamber 34 changes.Once pressure changes, accept a negative value that is pressure drop, evaluating apparatus 76 just sends a control signal 77 to control device 12, the turning point 15 that its indication is arrived above by impactor 4.
The evaluation that pressure changes causes small delay by method with causing, until arrival detected, cross turning point 15 above or rather.Also detected pressures by itself and a threshold utterly.If pressure reaches threshold value, Trig control signal 77 sends.Can measure the pressure in pneumatic chamber 34 and as threshold value, be deposited in a chart of evaluating apparatus 76 by superincumbent turning point 15.Can be according to different service conditions, particularly the temperature storage threshold in pneumatic chamber 34.Evaluating apparatus 76 determines current service condition, for example, by the inquiry of a temperature sensor, and the threshold value under reading from chart.Two kinds of methods can combine and send apart from each other control signal 77 redundantly.
When receiving control signal 77, control device 12 starts boost phase 68.Control device 12 is placed in one second value 78 by the rated value of electric current 48 60.Select like this symbol of the second value 78, the magnetic field below 50 of solenoid 47 below and permanent magnetic field 37 conduit 27 interior gains superpose.Therefore in the section 41 below conduit 27, produce high field intensity.Solenoid 47 below electric current 48 is inputted during boost phase 68 the preferably solenoid 46 above input.Solenoid 46 magnetic field 38 by above conduit 27 interior preferably weaken or completely impairment property compensate for the permanent magnetic field 37 in superincumbent section 39.Impactor 4 is drawn in the compare Qiang magnetic field in section 41 below.Impactor 4 experiences continuously the acceleration along impact direction 5 during boost phase 68.Until the kinetic energy that arrival shock point 14 reaches is roughly the impact energy of impactor 4.
The arrival of turning point 15 above one optional or additional determine based in superincumbent solenoid 46 due to a variation of the voltage of the motional induction of impactor 4.Impactor 4 is overlapping with magnet yoke ring 56 above before can the turning point 15 on arrive.In the magnet yoke ring 56 that in superincumbent region 39, annular magnet 42 magnetic field 49, almost sealing ground flows into above via impactor 4 without air-gap.In the section 41 below of annular magnet 42 magnetic field 50, via large air-gap, flow to magnet yoke ring 57 below.At impactor 4 until in the motion process of turning point 15 air-gap in region 41 below also to continue to increase, in superincumbent section, partly improve magnetic flux thus.Once impactor 4 returns at turning point 15, the part in the superincumbent region 39 of magnetic flux just reduces.In the superincumbent solenoid 46 of variation of magnetic flux, induce voltage.Characteristic for turning point 15 tools is the conversion of the symbol of the voltage that induces.Power supply 51, by electric current 48 preferred set to zero before arriving turning point 15, is had a rest the stage 67 to keep.Regulating loop adapts to regulated quantity 64 constantly, so that the voltage that electric current 48 opposings are induced remains to zero.Regulating loop 62 is reacted with the conversion of the symbol of obvious larger 64 pairs of voltages that induce of regulated quantity.Can release control signal 77 while therefore for example surpassing a threshold value by regulated quantity 64.
The numerical value of second value 78 of preferably like this harmonizing, magnetic field 49 above is just in time compensated for to impairment property permanent magnetic field 37 or drops at least 10% of its field intensity.Electric current 48 rises to rated value 60 in solenoid 46,47 when boost phase 68 starts.One switch sides face (Schaltflanke) is for example only predetermined by a time constant, the induction of this time constant based on solenoid 46,47 and the reaction generation of impactor.Control device 12 is preferably remaining on rated value 60 in the second value 78 during boost phase 68 continuously.
Air spring 23 supports impactor 4 along the acceleration of impact direction 5.The potential energy of simultaneously storing in air spring 23 changes the kinetic energy of impactor 4 to a great extent into.On shock point 14, air spring 23 preferably loosens completely.Near shock point 14, passage 36 is discharged by impactor 4.Passage 36 causes weakening of air spring 23 and the effect of its impact device 4 is not dropped to completely to zero.But air spring 23 has obviously been passed to impactor 4 more than 90% by its potential energy in this moment.
The rising of the electric current 48 in control device 12 bases solenoid 47 below or the electric current 48 of being supplied with by power supply 51 triggers the end of boost phase 68.At impactor, between 4 moving periods, due to the electromagnetic induction generation voltage drop of the solenoid 47 via below, this voltage drop power supply 51 is supplied with electric currents 48 relatively.Along with the impactor 4 voltage drop impact types of impacting and stopping disappearing.Improve in short-term electric current 48, until the power supply 51 being conditioned is transferred to rated value 60 again by electric current 48.
One current sensor 80 can detect the electric current 48 of circulation in solenoid 47 below.Discriminator 81 under one sends the electric current measuring 48 end signal 82 with a threshold comparison and when over threshold value.End signal is to control device 12 indications, and impactor 4 has bumped against on drift 13.Threshold value is for example selected according to the second value 78, that is selects according to the rated value 60 of boost phase 68.Threshold value can be than the second value 78 large 5% to 10%.The detection that substitutes or be additional to absolute electric current 48 can detect a rate of change of electric currents 48 and utilize discriminator 81 and a threshold value for rate of change compares with a current sensor 80.
The electric current 48 that power supply 51 utilizes its closed loop circuit 61 to resist in current loop rises 79.Regulated quantity 64 changes simultaneously.The variation that replaces or be additional to electric current 48 also can be monitored regulated quantity 64.Can be not only by the absolute value of regulated quantity 64 or preferably its rate of change and a threshold value are compared and correspondingly send end signal.
Along with obtaining end signal, control device 12 finishes boost phase 68.Rated value 60 is placed in to zero.Correspondingly, a null electric current 48 is reduced in the output of the electric current of power supply 58.No longer along impact direction 5 acceleration shock devices 4.
Control device 12 can be after boost phase 68 directly immediately or the stage of returning 66 that starts activation next time intersegmental having a rest after.

Claims (11)

1. toolroom machine (1), has: instrument accommodation section (6), and described instrument accommodation section is provided for supporting movingly along axis of movement (3) instrument (7) that cutter is cut, the beater mechanism (2) that magnetism is moving, described beater mechanism comprises elementary drive unit (22), described elementary drive unit comprises the first solenoid (46) that arrange and that follow each other along impact direction (5) around axis of movement (3), annular magnet (42) and the second solenoid (47), beater mechanism has at axis of movement (3) upper at each solenoid (46, 47) in and impactor (4) and the drift (13) of following each other along impact direction (5), and beater mechanism (2) has the air spring (23) that acts on impactor (4) along impact direction (5), wherein, annular magnet be permanent magnetism and about axis of movement (3) diametrical magnetization.
2. according to toolroom machine claimed in claim 1 (1), it is characterized in that, described annular magnet (42) is formed by a plurality of permanent magnets (43), and these permanent magnets all arrange towards axis of movement (3) with identical magnetic pole (N).
3. according to the toolroom machine described in claim 1 or 2 (1), it is characterized in that, input the electric current (48) in the first solenoid (46) and the electric current (48) inputted in the second solenoid (47) has around the identical Direction of circulation of axis of movement (3).
4. according to one of aforementioned claim described toolroom machine (1), it is characterized in that, solenoid (46, 47) stage (68 replacing, 66) in, by control device (12), controlled, and by the first solenoid (46) in inner the first magnetic field (49) producing of the first solenoid (46) during first stage (68) gain property ground and in second stage (66) impairment property and the magnetic field (37) of annular magnet (42) superpose, and by the second solenoid (47) in inner the second magnetic field (50) producing of the second solenoid (47) first stage (68) impairment property and magnetic field (37) stack with annular magnet (42) on second stage (66) gain property ground.
5. according to one of aforementioned claim described toolroom machine (1), it is characterized in that, described impactor (4) is made by the material of soft magnetism.
6. according to one of aforementioned claim described toolroom machine (1), it is characterized in that, air spring (23) is in reverse to impact direction (5) sealing by fixing dead lock (30).
7. according to the toolroom machine (1) one of aforementioned claim described, it is characterized in that, during drift (13) stretches in the second solenoid (47) or stretches into and recline the yoke (57) of the second solenoid (47) along impact direction (5).
8. according to toolroom machine claimed in claim 8 (1), it is characterized in that, drift (13) is made by the material of soft magnetism.
9. according to the toolroom machine (1) one of aforementioned claim described, it is characterized in that, impactor (4) each position partly with solenoid (46,47) at least one and partly overlapping with annular magnet (42).
10. according to one of aforementioned claim described toolroom machine (1), it is characterized in that, first length (52) of the first solenoid (46) is less than second length (53) of the second solenoid (47), especially, the ratio of the second length (53) and the first length (52) is between 1.75 and 2.25.
11. according to one of aforementioned claim described toolroom machine (1), it is characterized in that, the first solenoid (46), annular magnet (42) and the second solenoid (47) be around arranging with the coaxial directed conduit (27) of axis of movement (3), and air spring (23) and impactor (4) are arranged on described conduit (27) inside.
CN201310234146.8A 2012-06-15 2013-06-14 Toolroom machine Active CN103507040B (en)

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EP2674254B1 (en) 2016-11-02
DE102012210104A1 (en) 2013-12-19

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