CN103501526A - Wireless sensor node and wireless sensor network - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a wireless sensor node. The wireless sensor node comprises an information sending unit, an information receiving unit and a processing unit, wherein the processing unit is respectively connected with the information sending unit and the information receiving unit; the information sending unit is used for sending a Hello packet including self route information and friendly-node route information to neighbor nodes by utilizing a processing result of the processing unit; the information receiving unit is used for receiving the Hello packet sent by the corresponding neighbor node and sending the result to the processing unit; the processing unit is used for updating the self friendly-node route information according to the received Hello packet sent by the neighbor node and controlling the information sending unit to send the Hello information. The wireless sensor node has the advantages that the friendly-node route information only needs to be updated without forwarding the whole Hello packet, and the transmitted information quantity is less, so that the limitation of the storage and the computing capability of the network nodes can not be caused, network congestion caused by large information forwarded at the same time can not be caused, and the occupied time of one same area channel is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the cordless communication network technology, relate in particular to a kind of wireless sensor node and a kind of wireless sensor network.
Background technology
Wireless sensor network is current receive much concern in the world, relate to multidisciplinary height intersection, the integrated hot research field, forward position of knowledge height.It combines sensor technology, the information processing technology and the network communications technology, is a new field in information technology.Wireless sensor node that wireless sensor network is distributed by thousands of high density, inner in object being observed or on every side forms, and is deployed in the places such as building, field, mountain range, bridge, highway.It is with a wide range of applications, and scope contains a plurality of fields such as medical treatment, military affairs, family.What the realization of wireless sensor network adopted is self-organization network technology, and the information collected by wireless sensor node, transmitted by other node hop-by-hop ground, and after multi-hop, final returned data processing center is processed.The number of wireless sensor node is very huge, disposing these nodes often needs to expend a large amount of human and material resources and time, manual configuration is also more difficult, so, in wireless sensor network, usually need to meet the zero configuration, zero supervision, self-organizing of wireless sensor node, the condition such as maintenance certainly.
In order to realize better the deployment between node, configuration, maintenance and transfer of data in wireless sensor network, in existing Wireless Sensor Network Routing Protocol, what generally adopt is the mode of concentrated route or the mode that broadcast type obtains route: the concentrated route mode refers to is managed concentratedly all sensor nodes, utilizes Centroid to collect Data Concurrent and goes out command adapted thereto; The mode that broadcast type obtains route refers in needs, and the request of sending of real-time is to obtaining the routing iinformation of required node.
But, according to above description, can find out, calculating of the prior art and processing mode are too concentrated, need unified collection data and send instruction, can take in a large number at short notice the channel of the same area, be easy to cause network congestion, and be subject to the storage of wireless sensor node self and computing capability restriction very large, can't support the deep route degree of depth, so these existing Routing Protocols can't meet large-scale the requirement of wireless sensor networks, are not suitable for setting up massive wireless sensor.
Summary of the invention
(1) technical problem that will solve
The invention provides a kind of wireless sensor node and a kind of wireless sensor network, can solve in prior art the problem that routing iinformation easily causes network congestion of receiving and dispatching between wireless sensor node.
(2) technical scheme
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention proposes a kind of wireless sensor node, comprising: information transmitting unit, information receiving unit and processing unit, and processing unit is connected respectively with information transmitting unit, information receiving unit, wherein:
Information transmitting unit, for utilizing the result of processing unit, send the Hello bag comprise self routing iinformation and friendly node-routing information to neighbor node;
Information receiving unit, for receiving the Hello bag sent by neighbor node, and be sent to processing unit by result;
Processing unit, the Hello sent for the described neighbor node according to receiving wraps, and upgrades the friendly node-routing information of self, and the control information transmitting element sends the Hello package informatin.
Further, described information transmitting unit and information receiving unit all are arranged in radio frequency chip.
Further, described processing unit comprises:
Link upgrades subelement, for judging and upgrade the link quality information of the neighbor node that described friendly node wraps to this Hello of transmission;
And/or, the neighbor table subelement, set up neighbor table for the information of neighbor nodes according to received transmission Hello bag, the neighbor table of setting up comprises: the emissive porwer of neighbor node address, the neighbor node signal that receives, with neighbor node, with the link-quality of neighbor node, with the link reliability of neighbor node in one or more information.
Further, described neighbor table subelement comprises: link reliability computing module, and for calculating the link reliability of neighbor node, computing formula is:
LR=A(SysRunTime/RecHelloTimes)，
Wherein LR is the link reliability, and A is operation coefficient, and SysRunTime is the running time after wireless sensor network node powers on, and RecHelloTimes receives the Hello bag number of times that described neighbor node sends after wireless sensor network node powers on.
Further,
Described link upgrades subelement and described neighbor table subelement all is arranged in central processing unit;
Described processing unit also comprises: crystal oscillator, with central processing unit, be connected, for the operating frequency of central processing unit is provided, control data transmission unit according to regular time interval send the Hello bag that comprises self routing iinformation and friendly node-routing information to neighbor node;
Described crystal oscillator for control that Hello bag sends Fixed Time Interval be: 3 minutes;
Described crystal oscillator is the passive crystal oscillator of 32MHZ.
Further,
Described node also comprises: the radio frequency crystal oscillator is connected with radio frequency chip, for the operating frequency of radio frequency chip is provided;
Described radio frequency crystal oscillator is the passive crystal oscillator of 32MHZ.
Further, described node also comprises:
Radio-frequency (RF) switch and power amplifier, export and amplify exported radiofrequency signal for controlling radiofrequency signal;
And/or, radio-frequency (RF) switch and low noise amplifier, for controlling, radiofrequency signal receives and received radiofrequency signal is done to low noise amplification, filtering processing;
And/or antenna, for receiving and send radiofrequency signal.
Further,
Described central processing unit is: the STM32 chip;
And/or described radio frequency chip is: the SI4438 chip;
And/or, between described central processing unit and described radio frequency chip, by Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI), be connected.
Further, the communication frequency of described node is: 470MHZ～510MHZ, transmitting power is 50mW.
On the other hand, the present invention also proposes a kind of wireless sensor network, it is characterized in that, the described wireless sensor node of a plurality of above-mentioned any one, consists of.
(3) beneficial effect
In a kind of wireless sensor node and a kind of wireless sensor network proposed in the present invention, each wireless sensor node in network sends respectively the Hello package informatin, thereby the routing iinformation of self node and friendly node can be gone out by broadcast transmission, and can be according to upgrade in time self friendly node-routing information of the information received from neighbor node.This distributed routing algorithm only need upgrade the friendly node-routing information of each wireless sensor node, and without forwarding whole Hello bag, the amount of information of transmitting is less, so not limited by the storage of network node and computing capability, can not cause the network congestion that a large amount of forwarding informations of same time cause, reduce the holding time of the same area channel.
Simultaneously, the present invention can upgrade network node information automatically, randomness is stronger flexibly, can hold at any time that new node adds network automatically and participate in configuration without artificial, and very easily safeguard, can the intelligent selection data transfer path, greatly improved the self-healing updating ability of network, can realize network node zero configuration, zero supervision, self-organizing, certainly safeguard; And, the embodiment of the present invention can reach 20 route degree of depth that left and right is darker, and only can support 5-10 level network in the procotol of prior art, so it can meet large-scale the requirement of wireless sensor networks better, be more suitable for for setting up massive wireless sensor, maximum communication distance can reach 1200 meters.
The accompanying drawing explanation
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, below will the accompanying drawing of required use in embodiment or description of the Prior Art be briefly described, apparently, accompanying drawing in the following describes is some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skills, under the prerequisite of not paying creative work, can also obtain according to these accompanying drawings other accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 is the basic structure schematic diagram of wireless sensor node of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a preferred embodiment structural representation of wireless sensor node of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is a preferred embodiment structural representation of wireless sensor node of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the concrete structure implementation process schematic diagram of wireless sensor node of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the principle of device block diagram of wireless sensor node of the present invention.
Embodiment
For the purpose, technical scheme and the advantage that make the embodiment of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely described, obviously, described embodiment is the present invention's part embodiment, rather than whole embodiment.Embodiment based in the present invention, those of ordinary skills, not making under the creative work prerequisite the every other embodiment obtained, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
At first the embodiment of the present invention proposes a kind of wireless sensor node, as shown in Figure 1, comprise: information transmitting unit 101, information receiving unit 102 and processing unit 103, processing unit 103 is connected respectively with information transmitting unit 101, information receiving unit 102, wherein:
Visible, in a kind of wireless sensor node proposed in the embodiment of the present invention, each wireless sensor node in network sends respectively the Hello package informatin, thereby the routing iinformation of self node and friendly node can be gone out by broadcast transmission, and can be according to upgrade in time self friendly node-routing information of the information received from neighbor node.This distributed routing algorithm only need upgrade the friendly node-routing information of each wireless sensor node, and without forwarding whole Hello bag, the amount of information of transmitting is less, so not limited by the storage of network node and computing capability, can not cause the network congestion that a large amount of forwarding informations of same time cause, reduce the holding time of the same area channel.
In the specific implementation of the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figure 2, preferably, information transmitting unit 101 and information receiving unit 102 all are arranged in radio frequency chip 201.
In one embodiment of the invention, in order to grasp better the state of wireless sensor node, preferably, processing unit 103 can comprise: link upgrades subelement 202, for judging and upgrade the link quality information of the neighbor node that friendly node wraps to this Hello of transmission; In another embodiment of the present invention, information for the neighbor node in the defeated scope of a jump set around further grasp self node, processing unit 103 can also comprise: neighbor table subelement 203, information of neighbor nodes for the bag of the transmission Hello according to received is set up neighbor table, the Hello bag sent by monitoring neighbor node, set up neighbor table and obtain the neighbor table nodal information.The neighbor table of setting up comprises: the emissive porwer of neighbor node address, the neighbor node signal that receives, with neighbor node, with the link-quality of neighbor node, with the link reliability of neighbor node in one or more information.
In one embodiment of the invention, preferably, as shown in Figure 3, neighbor table subelement 203 can comprise: link reliability computing module 301, and for calculating the link reliability of neighbor node, computing formula is:
LR=A(SysRunTime/RecHelloTimes)，
Wherein LR is the link reliability, A is operation coefficient, relevant with signal strength signal intensity, SysRunTime is the running time after wireless sensor network node powers on, and RecHelloTimes receives the Hello bag number of times that described neighbor node sends after wireless sensor network node powers on.
In one embodiment of the invention, preferably, can adopt central processing unit (MCU) 204 to carry out the Storage and Processing of data, link upgrades subelement 202 and neighbor table subelement 203 all can be arranged in central processing unit 204; In one embodiment of the invention, for the operating frequency of central processing unit 204 is provided, control information transmitting element 101 according to regular time interval send the Hello bag comprise self routing iinformation and friendly node-routing information to neighbor node, preferably, processing unit 103 can also comprise: crystal oscillator 205, with central processing unit 204, be connected, with guarantee wireless sensor node energy structure upgrade more timely and effectively friendly node-routing information in the Hello bag and neighbor node dynamically.In order to adapt to better size and the more new demand of Hello bag, need to select the reasonable time interval to carry out sending and receiving Hello package informatin, overlong time system can not be obtained up-to-date information in time, and too short meeting causes application data transmission difficulty.Preferably, crystal oscillator 205 for control that Hello bag sends Fixed Time Interval be: 3 minutes.In practical application of the present invention, need to select the crystal oscillator of suitable parameters to control central processing unit 204, preferably, crystal oscillator can be chosen as the passive crystal oscillator of 32MHZ.
In another embodiment of the present invention, for the operating frequency of radio frequency chip is provided, preferably, wireless sensor node can also comprise: radio frequency crystal oscillator 206, with radio frequency chip 201, be connected, and the radio frequency crystal oscillator can be chosen as the passive crystal oscillator of 32MHZ.
In one embodiment of the invention, for the reception to radiofrequency signal and transmission are controlled better, preferably, the micro power radio communication node can also comprise: radio-frequency (RF) switch 207 and power amplifier 208, and export and amplify exported radiofrequency signal for controlling radiofrequency signal; Can also comprise: radio-frequency (RF) switch 209 and low noise amplifier 210, for controlling, radiofrequency signal receives and received radiofrequency signal is done to low noise amplification, filtering processing, and the ripples that frequency is different filter, and then will receive with the signal of wave band and process; Can also comprise: antenna 211, for receiving and send radiofrequency signal.
In another embodiment of the present invention, need to select suitable chip model to meet the requirement of node configuration, preferably, central processing unit 204 can be selected: the STM32 chip of ST Microelectronics, and this chip has that the speed of service is high, disposal ability is strong, lower-price characteristic; Radio frequency chip 201 can be selected: the wireless communication chips SI4438 of core section laboratory (Silicon Labs) company, this chip has the advantages such as peripheral circuit is simple, low in energy consumption, cheap.Can pass through Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) (SPI) between central processing unit 204 and radio frequency chip 201 is connected.Preferably, radio frequency crystal oscillator 206 also can be selected: the passive crystal oscillator of 32MHZ.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the regulation of national radio-frequency spectrum being divided in order to adapt to sector application Chinese Home Wireless Management Committee, the radio communication of civilian measuring instrument and meter is divided in 470MHZ～510MHZ scope, and the threshold limit value of transmitting power is: 50mW.So preferably, in the embodiment of the present invention, the communication frequency of wireless sensor node is also: 470MHZ～510MHZ, transmitting power is: 50mW.
It should be noted that, the structure of each embodiment of the wireless sensor node shown in above-mentioned Fig. 2, Fig. 3 can be carried out the combination in any use.
The work structuring that specifically describes a wireless sensor network node of below take is example, describes the implementation procedure of one embodiment of the invention in detail, as shown in Figure 4, Figure 5, comprising:
Step 401: power on to wireless sensor node.
After wireless sensor node powers on, in running order, can participate in the establishment of wireless sensor network, collection and the transmission of data.
Step 402: the time interval of wait for setting---after within 3 minutes, arriving, by central processing unit control information transmitting element, send the Hello bag that comprises self node-routing information.
Now network node had not also received the routing iinformation of friendly node, so the routing iinformation that only has self node that network node can send here.
In the information process of transmitting, at first control radio-frequency (RF) switch 207 and open, then through power amplifier 208, radiofrequency signal is amplified and send.
Step 403: receive by information receiving unit the wireless data that other nodes send, utilizing central processing unit 204 to judge whether is the Hello bag, if not, get back to step 402, continue to wait for again to receive; If so, enter step 404.
In the information receiving course, control radio-frequency (RF) switch 209 always in accepting state, the radiofrequency signal that signal is received by 210 pairs of antennas 211 of low noise amplifier is done low noise amplification, filtering is processed, and the ripples that frequency is different filter, and then will receive with the signal of wave band and process
Step 404: utilize central processing unit 204 to parse MAC layer source address, by neighbor table subelement 203, set up neighbor table, and obtain neighbor table information.
Network node according to monitoring reception to Hello bag in the information of neighbor node set up neighbor table and obtain corresponding information, can grasp better like this situation of the neighbor node in a jumping scope around self node, wherein neighbor table comprises: neighbor node address, the neighbor node received send information signal strength signal intensity, with the link-quality of neighbor node, with the link reliability of neighbor node.
Link reliability computing module 301 is used for calculating neighbor table nodal information link reliability
Formula be: LR=A (SysRunTime/RecHelloTimes)
Wherein, LR is the link reliability, and A is operation coefficient, and SysRunTime is that wireless sensor node powers on rear running time, and RecHelloTimes receives the Hello bag number of times that described neighbor node sends after wireless sensor node powers on.When the Hello bag number of times received is more, it is more reliable that neighbor node is considered to, and the LR value is accordingly less; On the contrary, the Hello bag number of times received is fewer, and the LR value is larger, and neighbor node is more unreliable.
Step 405: the routing iinformation of friendly node in the Hello bag of being received by the central processing unit parsing creates friendly node listing and routing iinformation.
Network node is according to information in the Hello bag of other nodes of receiving, can create the friendly node listing of self node, and stores the routing iinformation of friendly node.
Step 406: after continuing to wait for the 3 minutes intervals of setting, transmission comprises self node-routing information, the friendly node-routing information of having collected and the friendly node Hello bag to self node link quality information, and wherein link quality information is upgraded subelement 202 according to link and judged.
The Hello bag that now network node sends has not only comprised the routing iinformation of self node, the friendly node listing and the routing iinformation that create according to receiving before the Hello bag have also been comprised, in addition in order to grasp better the state of wireless sensor node, also comprised the link quality information of friendly node to self node in the Hello bag.
Step 407: central processing unit, according to the wireless data of other nodes of receiving, judges whether it is the Hello bag.If not, get back to step 402 and continue to wait for reception again; If so, enter step 408.
Step 408: separate parsing MAC layer source address and also retrieve neighbor table subelement 203: if step 409 carry out in this address not in neighbor table, if this address is arranged in neighbor table, enter step 410.
Step 409: this MAC layer source address parsed in the Hello bag of receiving is added into to neighbor table and adds relevant information.
Not during this MAC Address, need to add new address and relevant information in neighbor table in neighbor table.
Step 410: exist the items for information in neighbor table to upgrade this MAC layer source address.
The state of neighbor node is also constantly changing, so, for already present neighbor table address entry, also need to constantly update neighbor table according to the information received.
Step 411: resolve the routing iinformation of friendly node in the Hello bag receive, retrieve friendly node-routing information list: if this routing iinformation not carry out step 412; If this routing iinformation has been arranged, has entered step 413.
Step 412: this close friend's node-routing information parsed in the Hello bag of receiving is added into to friendly node listing.
Add new friendly node-routing information in this step to friendly node listing.
Step 413: exist the items for information in friendly node listing to upgrade this close friend's node-routing information.
Immediately upgrade the last state that items for information in friendly node listing can obtain this close friend's node-routing information in this step.
So far, completed the work structuring process prescription of the wireless sensor node of the embodiment of the present invention.
In addition, it should be noted that, it is a kind of preferred implementation procedure of wireless sensor node structure of the present invention that above-mentioned all flow processs based on Fig. 4 are described, in the actual realization of wireless sensor node structure of the present invention, can carry out as required random variation on the basis of flow process shown in Fig. 4, can be to select the arbitrary structures in Fig. 4, Fig. 5 to realize, the sequencing of each structure also can be adjusted etc. as required.
In one embodiment of the invention, also provide a kind of wireless sensor network, a plurality of wireless sensor nodes that proposed by above-mentioned arbitrary embodiment of the present invention form.
Visible, the embodiment of the present invention has following beneficial effect:
In a kind of wireless sensor node and a kind of wireless sensor network proposed in the embodiment of the present invention, each wireless sensor node in network sends respectively the Hello package informatin, thereby the routing iinformation of self node and friendly node can be gone out by broadcast transmission, and can be according to upgrade in time self friendly node-routing information of the information received from neighbor node.This distributed routing algorithm only need upgrade the friendly node-routing information of each wireless sensor node, and without forwarding whole Hello bag, the amount of information of transmitting is less, so not limited by the storage of network node and computing capability, can not cause the network congestion that a large amount of forwarding informations of same time cause, reduce the holding time of the same area channel.
Simultaneously, the embodiment of the present invention can be upgraded network node information automatically, randomness is stronger flexibly, can hold at any time that new node adds network automatically and participate in configuration without artificial, and very easily safeguard, can the intelligent selection data transfer path, greatly improved the self-healing updating ability of network, can realize network node zero configuration, zero supervision, self-organizing, certainly safeguard; And, the embodiment of the present invention can reach 20 route degree of depth that left and right is darker, and only can support 5-10 level network in the procotol of prior art, so it can meet large-scale the requirement of wireless sensor networks better, be more suitable for for setting up massive wireless sensor, maximum communication distance can reach 1200 meters.
Finally it should be noted that: above embodiment only, in order to technical scheme of the present invention to be described, is not intended to limit; Although with reference to previous embodiment, the present invention is had been described in detail, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that: its technical scheme that still can put down in writing aforementioned each embodiment is modified, or part technical characterictic wherein is equal to replacement; And these modifications or replacement do not make the essence of appropriate technical solution break away from the spirit and scope of various embodiments of the present invention technical scheme.
Claims (10)
1. a wireless sensor node, is characterized in that, comprising: information transmitting unit, information receiving unit and processing unit, and processing unit is connected respectively with information transmitting unit, information receiving unit, wherein:
Information transmitting unit, for utilizing the result of processing unit, send the Hello bag comprise self routing iinformation and friendly node-routing information to neighbor node;
Information receiving unit, for receiving the Hello bag sent by neighbor node, and be sent to processing unit by result;
Processing unit, the Hello sent for the described neighbor node according to receiving wraps, and upgrades the friendly node-routing information of self, and the control information transmitting element sends the Hello package informatin.
2. wireless sensor node according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described information transmitting unit and information receiving unit all are arranged in radio frequency chip.
3. wireless sensor node according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described processing unit comprises:
Link upgrades subelement, for judging and upgrade the link quality information of the neighbor node that described friendly node wraps to this Hello of transmission;
And/or, the neighbor table subelement, set up neighbor table for the information of neighbor nodes according to received transmission Hello bag, the neighbor table of setting up comprises: the emissive porwer of neighbor node address, the neighbor node signal that receives, with neighbor node, with the link-quality of neighbor node, with the link reliability of neighbor node in one or more information.
4. wireless sensor node according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described neighbor table subelement comprises: link reliability computing module, and for calculating the link reliability of neighbor node, computing formula is:
LR=A(SysRunTime/RecHelloTimes)，
Wherein LR is the link reliability, and A is operation coefficient, and SysRunTime is the running time after wireless sensor network node powers on, and RecHelloTimes receives the Hello bag number of times that described neighbor node sends after wireless sensor network node powers on.
5. wireless sensor node according to claim 3 is characterized in that:
Described link upgrades subelement and described neighbor table subelement all is arranged in central processing unit;
Described processing unit also comprises: crystal oscillator, with central processing unit, be connected, for the operating frequency of central processing unit is provided, control data transmission unit according to regular time interval send the Hello bag that comprises self routing iinformation and friendly node-routing information to neighbor node;
Described crystal oscillator for control that Hello bag sends Fixed Time Interval be: 3 minutes;
Described crystal oscillator is the passive crystal oscillator of 32MHZ.
6. micro power radio communication node according to claim 2 is characterized in that:
Described node also comprises: the radio frequency crystal oscillator is connected with radio frequency chip, for the operating frequency of radio frequency chip is provided;
Described radio frequency crystal oscillator is the passive crystal oscillator of 32MHZ.
7. micro power radio communication node according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described node also comprises:
Radio-frequency (RF) switch and power amplifier, export and amplify exported radiofrequency signal for controlling radiofrequency signal;
And/or, radio-frequency (RF) switch and low noise amplifier, for controlling, radiofrequency signal receives and received radiofrequency signal is done to low noise amplification, filtering processing;
And/or antenna, for receiving and send radiofrequency signal.
8. wireless sensor node according to claim 5 is characterized in that:
Described central processing unit is: the STM32 chip;
And/or described radio frequency chip is: the SI4438 chip;
And/or, between described central processing unit and described radio frequency chip, by Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI), be connected.
9. wireless sensor node according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the communication frequency of described node is: 470MHZ～510MHZ, transmitting power is 50mW.
10. a wireless sensor network, is characterized in that, a plurality of, according to the described wireless sensor node of any one in claim 1 to 9, consists of.
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