CN103096441B - Low power consumption communication method of low-bitrate wireless sensor network suitable for data collection - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a low power consumption communication method of a low-bitrate wireless sensor network suitable for data collection. The method redesigns a media access control layer and a network layer of the low-bitrate wireless sensor network suitable for the data collection to obtain a mixed layer model with two layers, the time length of a cycle needing time synchronization is calculated, a work cycle of the low-bitrate wireless sensor network suitable for the data collection is designed, confirmation methods or calculation methods of all parameters in the cycle are displayed, time for monitoring a communication channel and sending data in the work cycle is decreased to the minimum, and power consumption of the wireless sensor network is greatly reduced. Data transmission of mixed layers and data transmission successful rate of the mixed layers are enabled to be connected, and the data transmission successful rate is monitored in real-time. Meanwhile, all functional modules of the mixed layers are designed and achieved on a standard platform Telosb of the wireless sensor network.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of tree network communication means being applicable to the low-power consumption of the radio sensing network of the low rate of data acquisition.
Background technology
At present, the Main Bottleneck problem of radio sensing network application is that the power ratio that its node consumes is comparatively large, and power issue is difficult to solve, so be difficult to spread overwide areas.
For common ZigBee-network, mesh network only supports non-beacon pattern, so all node time instance are in monitor channel state, monitor channel and transmission data consume energy equally, in the radio sensing network of low rate image data, this energy consumption of two account for the overwhelming majority, and therefore the power consumption of radio sensing network is difficult to reduce.
For ZigBee tree network, beacon serves the effect of time synchronized, can guarantee that child node and this node of a certain node in radio sensing network keep synchronous, and communicate in the active period of the beacon sent at this node, within the inactive phase of this node, this node stops monitor channel and sends data, namely resting state is entered, the monitor channel in the work period and the time sending data can be reduced to a certain extent, but Zigbee protocol just gives the value of some available beacon periods and active period, often lack when practical application and scientifically calculate, thus the monitor channel in the work period of node does not reach enough short with the time sending data, therefore energy-saving effect does not reach best.
As mentioned above, for more ripe Zigbee protocol, in the low-power consumption of radio sensing network, there is so many deficiency, visible, how to reduce the power consumption of radio sensing network, the general and bottleneck problem of radio sensing network application.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of communication means being applicable to the low-power consumption of the radio sensing network of the low rate of data acquisition, step is as follows:
1) all nodes of radio sensing network determine the synchronous progression of the whole network after starting: root node (101) airtime synchronous progression determination packet, this bag packet comprises MAC layer header, root node ID, time synchronized progression, transmits the node ID of this bag, and the packet in the time synchronized progression determination packet that each sensor selection problem receives oneself within a period of time with the synchronous progression of minimum time carries out broadcasting the time synchronized progression reducing the whole network node.
2) all synchronous step by step by DMTS synchronous method within the time synchronized cycle in radio sensing network: to be divided into that 2w+1 (w is maximum time synchronized progression) is individual keeps out of the way the time limit time shared by the time synchronized cycle, the i-th grade of time synchronization node determined in step 1) all adopts monitoring multiple access access-collision avoidance mechanism to send to the packet that the i-th+1 grade time synchronization node carries out time synchronized in (2i+1) t ~ (2i+2) t, wherein t is for keeping out of the way the time limit, for root node, i=0; In order to ensure the packet receiving the time synchronized that i-th grade of time synchronization node sends, the i-th+1 grade time synchronization node needs to monitor the packet of the time synchronized that i-th grade of time synchronization node sends in { (2i+1) t-2 [nT+ (2i+1) t] θ } ~ { (2i+2) t+2 [nT+ (2i+2) t] θ }, wherein θ is equipment clock precision, when
time, the time period that the time period of the packet of the time synchronization node monitoring upper level time synchronization node of the whole network does not send synchronization packets used with self conflicts;
3) in radio sensing network, all nodes can realize after reaching time synchronized opening transmitting-receiving simultaneously or entering resting state, and the routing procedure of the whole network and data transmission procedure carry out within the time period of transmitting-receiving opening; Node in radio sensing network finds beacon with the variable time interval broadcast adapting to network presence, process is as follows: beacon sends with the exponential route discovery Beacon Periods increased that 4 is the end, meets interval initial value recovery time in a period of time of following condition:
3.1) during oneself Broadcast routing information of ambient network needs;
3.2) nodes neighbors node is all deleted by oneself;
3.3) change of this node " the transmission success rate of oneself " is greater than 0.1;
4) the transmission success rate of the upper node of transmission frame is had in each Frame, the node receiving this Frame can carry out the identification of Routing Loop thus, and find that its child node of beacon announcement reselects father node by broadcast, thus ring-type is avoided to transmit.
The process of the realization on Telosb platform is as follows, comprising:
1) functional module 601 carries out the work schedule arrangement in the whole work period, comprises transmitting-receiving active period and the arrangement of rest period in the arrangement in time synchronized cycle and data sampling period;
2) functional module 602 carries out the specific implementation of time synchronized scheduling and DMTS Time Synchronization Mechanism;
3) data sampling, data transmit-receive and dormancy in the functional module 603 arranging data sampling period;
4) functional module 604 by with 603 in the data of receiving and dispatching carry out alternately, calculate successful receiving rate numerical value, thus complete the maintenance of neighbor table and the calculating of route and selection;
5) functional module 605 realizes monitoring multiple access access-collision avoidance mechanism and carries out alternately with 602 and 603.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1) at the initial stage of radio sensing network networking, the time synchronized progression being carried out each node by the method for broadcast is determined, facilitates rapidly;
2) the appropriate design work period, the time of carrying out shared by time synchronized suited the requirements and don't has large waste, thus decreasing wireless transmission and the listening period of radio sensing network interior joint, reducing power consumption well;
3) the real-time transmission success rate of Frame and route are associated, choose father node by reasonable computation, thus improve data transmission success.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the whole implementation schematic diagram of the communication means of the low-power consumption of the low rate radio sensing network that applicable data gathers.
Fig. 2 is the work schedule in the work period of the present invention's time synchronization node at different levels.
Fig. 3 is the explanation of the time synchronized sequential of the present invention's node at different levels.
Fig. 4 is the explanation that node-routing of the present invention finds the transmission timing of beacon.
Fig. 5 is the route amendment of the inventive method and the explanation of transport packet stream journey.
Figure
6it is the schematic flow sheet that the present invention implements on Telosb platform.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further illustrated.
1) all nodes of radio sensing network determine the synchronous progression of the whole network after starting: root node (101) airtime synchronous progression determination packet, this bag packet comprises MAC layer header, root node ID, time synchronized progression, transmits the node ID of this bag, and the packet in the time synchronized progression determination packet that each sensor selection problem receives oneself within a period of time with the synchronous progression of minimum time carries out broadcasting the time synchronized progression reducing the whole network node.
2) all synchronous step by step by DMTS synchronous method within the time synchronized cycle in radio sensing network: to be divided into that 2w+1 (w is maximum time synchronized progression) is individual keeps out of the way the time limit time shared by the time synchronized cycle, the i-th grade of time synchronization node determined in step 1) all adopts monitoring multiple access access-collision avoidance mechanism to send to the packet that the i-th+1 grade time synchronization node carries out time synchronized in (2i+1) t ~ (2i+2) t, wherein t is for keeping out of the way the time limit, for root node, i=0; In order to ensure the packet receiving the time synchronized that i-th grade of time synchronization node sends, the i-th+1 grade time synchronization node needs to monitor the packet of the time synchronized that i-th grade of time synchronization node sends in { (2i+1) t-2 [nT+ (2i+1) t] θ } ~ { (2i+2) t+2 [nT+ (2i+2) t] θ }, wherein θ is equipment clock precision, when
time, the time period that the time period of the packet of the time synchronization node monitoring upper level time synchronization node of the whole network does not send synchronization packets used with self conflicts;
3) in radio sensing network, all nodes can realize after reaching time synchronized opening transmitting-receiving simultaneously or entering resting state, and the routing procedure of the whole network and data transmission procedure carry out within the time period of transmitting-receiving opening; Node in radio sensing network finds beacon with the variable time interval broadcast adapting to network presence, process is as follows: beacon sends with the exponential route discovery Beacon Periods increased that 4 is the end, meets interval initial value recovery time in a period of time of following condition:
3.1) during oneself Broadcast routing information of ambient network needs;
3.2) nodes neighbors node is all deleted by oneself;
3.3) change of this node " the transmission success rate of oneself " is greater than 0.1;
4) the transmission success rate of the upper node of transmission frame is had in each Frame, the node receiving this Frame can carry out the identification of Routing Loop thus, and find that its child node of beacon announcement reselects father node by broadcast, thus ring-type is avoided to transmit.
The process of the realization on Telosb platform is as follows, comprising:
1) functional module 601 carries out the work schedule arrangement in the whole work period, comprises transmitting-receiving active period and the arrangement of rest period in the arrangement in time synchronized cycle and data sampling period;
2) functional module 602 carries out the specific implementation of time synchronized scheduling and DMTS Time Synchronization Mechanism;
3) data sampling, data transmit-receive and dormancy in the functional module 603 arranging data sampling period;
4) functional module 604 by with 603 in the data of receiving and dispatching carry out alternately, calculate successful receiving rate numerical value, thus complete the maintenance of neighbor table and the calculating of route and selection;
5) functional module 605 realizes monitoring multiple access access-collision avoidance mechanism and carries out alternately with 602 and 603.
embodiment 1
Enforcement is applicable to the communication means whole implementation schematic diagram of the low-power consumption of the radio sensing network of the low rate of data acquisition as shown in Figure 1.Generally can be made up of several Telosb platform sealed to dozens of, only got 7 composition radio sensing networks in figure, 101 is root node, and 102 ~ 107 is routing node or terminal node, compare terminal node, root node and routing node need not add Temperature Humidity Sensor and infrared sensor.Distance a in figure, the length of b, c, d needs to ensure energy proper communication between node, and general length is about tens meters to 100 meters.
At the initial stage of radio sensing network networking, root node (101) airtime synchronous progression determination packet, this data packet format is as shown in table 1, and each node receiving this packet is processed according to the following rules:
Within a period of time, root node ID in all time synchronized progression determination packets that record receives, time synchronized sum of series transmit the node ID of this bag, again the time synchronized progression of the packet in all packets with the synchronous progression of minimum time is added 1, to adopt the broadcast of Carrier Sense Multiple access-conflict avoidance (CSMA-CA) mechanism after the node ID transmitting this bag changes the ID of oneself into.
Like this, after being broadcasted by several times, each node of whole radio sensing network has had a relatively minimum time synchronized progression, and have recorded synchronous oneself the ID of node and root node ID.Assuming that the maximum time of this radio sensing network synchronous progression be w.
Table 1
| Length | Determine because of agreement | 2 bytes | 1 byte | 2 bytes |
| Territory | MAC layer header | Root node ID | Time synchronized progression | Transmit the node ID of this bag |
As shown in Figure 2, the data sampling period of the work period of each node, to be nT+U, T be radio sensing network, the implication of n is: plan n the laggard line time of data sampling period in each work period synchronous, U is the time shared by the time synchronized cycle.A wireless receipts/active period for every one-level time synchronization node is consistent, in a wireless receipts/active period of the data sampling period of n radio sensing network, Carrier Sense Multiple access-conflict avoidance (CSMA-CA) mechanism is adopted to carry out the transmission of packet.The time of a wireless receipts/active period limits by transducer minimal sampling time, can be taken as 1/100 of T.
Fig. 3 is the detailed description of in Fig. 2 202 and 203.It is individual that time U shared by the time synchronized cycle is divided into (2w+1)
Keep out of the way the time limit (t), w is maximum time synchronized progression, in order to avoid sending conflict, all i-th grade of time synchronization nodes all adopt monitoring multiple access access-conflict avoidance (CSMA-CA) mechanism to send to the packet that the i-th+1 grade time synchronization node carries out time synchronized in (2i+1) t ~ (2i+2) t, for root node, i=0; due to clocking error, (i+1) level time synchronization node needs to monitor the packet of the time synchronized that i-th grade of time synchronization node sends in { (2i+1) t-2 [nT+ (2i+1) t] θ } ~ { (2i+2) t+2 [nT+ (2i+2) t] θ }, just can guarantee the packet listening to this time synchronized, wherein θ is equipment clock precision, different because of chip, as illustrated at 302, when t gets following numerical value, the time period that the time synchronization node that just can meet w-1 level completely monitors the packet of the time synchronized of the time synchronization node of w-2 level does not send the synchronous packet time period used and conflicts with self, because the time period of the packet of the monitoring w-2 time synchronized of the time synchronization node of w-1 level is the longest, so the time period of the monitoring upper level time synchronization node of remaining time synchronization node at different levels certainly can not be used with self sending synchronization packets time period conflict that (w level time synchronization node only needs the packet of the time synchronized of monitoring w-1 level time synchronization node, without the need to the packet that transmitting time is synchronous):
In the radio sensing network of the low rate for data acquisition shown in Fig. 1, node adopts telosb platform, for MSP430, clock accuracy is 40ppm to the maximum, and setting maximum time synchronous progression w is 10, and data sampling period is 300s, in each work period, 20 laggard line times of data sampling period are synchronous, so to get 480.7ms enough for t, and now, the time in the work period shared by the time synchronized cycle is 10.0937s.
Every one-level time synchronization node transmitting time synchronization packets, carries out time synchronized by DMTS synchronization mechanism to next stage.
Table 2 is forms of route discovery beacon.Each node sends route discovery beacon, and this beacon is used for notifying neighbor node oneself whether busy (namely whether sending buffer memory completely), sends the transmission success rate that route discovery beacon, oneself transmission success rate accumulative in radio sensing network routing tree (adding that father node calculates to oneself Successful transmissions rate by the accumulative transmission success rate of current parent) and each neighbor node issue oneself packet the need of other neighbor node.
Table 2
| Length | Determine because of agreement | 1 bit | 1 bit | 6 bits | 2 bytes | 2 bytes | 2 bytes | 4/8/16 ... byte |
| Territory | MAC layer header | Whether this equipment is busy | Route discovery beacon is sent the need of other equipment | Reserved word | The transmission success rate of oneself | No. ID of neighbor node 1 | Neighbours 1 issue the transmission success rate of oneself packet | No. ID of other neighbor nodes and issue the transmission success rate of oneself packet |
Fig. 4 is that node-routing finds the transmission timing of beacon, triggered time of the timer of Node configuration according to
rule increases (i is beacon sequence, and value is natural number), as indicated at 402, when the timer in a period of time meeting following condition reverts to the moment of 8ms(as shown in 401 and 402):
this node receive neighbor node send " the need of other equipment send route discovery " position be 1 beacon route discovery beacon;
this nodes neighbors node is all deleted by oneself;
the change of this node " the transmission success rate of oneself " is greater than 0.1.
Table 3 is forms of node data frame.Wherein, this equipment whether busy, send route discovery beacon, reserved word with the implication in above-mentioned route discovery beacon the need of other neighbor node.Number through node-node transmission refers to that this bag is by how many node-routings, receives this bag, then this value increases by 1, and retransmitting this bag need not increase this value; The sequence number producing this bag refers to that this wraps in the sequence number in the bag of all generations, and the ID leaving higher application layer for is used for as high level distinguishes the packet of difference in functionality, and data load is the high-rise data needing to send.
Table 3
| Length | Determine because of agreement | 1 bit | 1 bit | 6 bits | 1 byte | 2 bytes | 2 bytes | 2 bytes | 2 bytes | Unknown |
| Territory | MAC layer header | Whether this equipment is busy | Route discovery beacon is sent the need of other equipment | Reserved word | Through the number of node-node transmission | The transmission success rate of the node of upper this Frame of transmission | Produce the source node ID of this bag | Produce the sequence number of this bag | Leave the ID of high application layer for | Data load |
Fig. 5 is the flow process of route of the present invention amendment and transmission packet.Whole process is carried out in the transmitting-receiving active period (as 201,202,203 etc.) of the data sampling period of radio sensing network as shown in Figure 2, wherein send to adopt and monitor multiple access access-conflict avoidance (CSMA-CA) mechanism, in the non-sent period, node keeps accepting state.After node receives the route discovery beacon frame of neighbor node transmission, the transmission success rate territory of oneself issuing the packet of certain neighbor node in this beacon frame is extracted, and the success rate being sent to the sequence number of the Frame of oneself to count this neighbor node to send to oneself by this neighbor node, the Successful transmissions rate two are multiplied as this neighbor node final to oneself this jump, this value is added the transmission success rate (also being extracted by the route discovery beacon frame in 501) of neighbor node is recorded to the transmission success rate of root node as oneself via this neighbor node, the transmission success rate of other neighbor nodes before recorded compares, choose maximum as father node (503).In the process, if oneself is greater than 0.1 via new father node to the transmission success rate change of root node, then need to send route discovery beacon frame notice node around.Then waiting for route discovery beacon frame or Frame, then continuing the flow process of repetition 501 ~ 504 as received route discovery beacon frame.
When receiving Frame, first by resolving this Frame, judge whether the transmission success rate of the node transmitting this Frame is less than oneself (505), has the following two kinds situation:
if be more than or equal to the transmission success rate of oneself, then need to send the node that route discovery beacon frame notice transmits this Frame, allow it reselect route;
if be less than the transmission success rate of oneself, then judge whether it is the Frame retransmitted according to the number territory through node-node transmission in this Frame, if it is abandon, if not, then send to father node according to the record in routing table, then wait for father node response and result added transmission whether successfully in record.
Fig. 6 is the schematic flow sheet that the present invention implements on Telosb platform.Telosb be radio sensing network application easily, one of standardized platform, hardware mainly comprises the single-chip microcomputer of MSP430 super low-power consumption, CC2420 wireless receiving and dispatching engine, Temperature Humidity Sensor and infrared sensor etc.The process that the realization carrying out communication means on the platform can avoid exploitation of bottom layer driving etc. loaded down with trivial details, and there is the feature of program modularity.By realizing with nesC language and C language hybrid programming in TinyOS operating system.Functional module mainly comprises 601 ~ 606, and function is as follows: 601 carry out the work schedule arrangement in the whole work period, comprises transmitting-receiving active period and the arrangement of rest period in the arrangement in time synchronized cycle and data sampling period; 602 specific implementations of carrying out time synchronized scheduling and DMTS Time Synchronization Mechanism; Data sampling, data transmit-receive and dormancy in 603 arranging data sampling periods; 604 by with 603 in the data of receiving and dispatching carry out alternately, calculate the numerical value such as successful receiving rate, thus complete the maintenance of neighbor table and the calculating of route and selection; 605 realize monitoring multiple access access-conflict avoidance (CSMA-CA) mechanism and carry out alternately with 602 and 603; 606 is monitor the specific implementation of the abstract module (as modules such as timer, wireless transmission and wireless receivings) used by multiple access access-conflict avoidance (CSMA-CA) mechanism at Telosb hardware platform, and is 601 ~ 604 provide the functions such as timer.
The present invention is redesigned by the media access control layer of the radio sensing network to the low rate for data acquisition and network layer, devise two-layer mixed layer model, calculate the time span needing the cycle of carrying out time synchronized in detail, devise work period of the radio sensing network of the low rate for data acquisition and each determination method for parameter or computational methods in the cycle of giving, allow monitor channel in a work period and time of sending data minimize, greatly reduce the power consumption of radio sensing network; Make the transfer of data of mixed layer be associated with data transmission success simultaneously, Real-Time Monitoring is carried out to data transmission success, when the change of data transmission success meets some conditions, mixed layer is allowed to re-start Route Selection, be set as that exponential increase reduces the quantity forwarded of beacon by route beacon is sent interval, but the path with higher data transmission success can be selected in time to carry out transfer of data.Meanwhile, Design and implementation each functional module of mixed layer on radio sensing network standardized platform Telosb.
Claims (2)
1. a communication means for the low-power consumption of the low rate radio sensing network of applicable data collection, it is characterized in that, step is as follows:
1) all nodes of radio sensing network determine the synchronous progression of the whole network after starting: root node (101) airtime synchronous progression determination packet, this packet comprises MAC layer header, root node ID, time synchronized progression, transmits the node ID of this packet, and the packet in the time synchronized progression determination packet that each sensor selection problem receives oneself within a period of time with the synchronous progression of minimum time carries out broadcasting the time synchronized progression reducing the whole network node;
2) all synchronous step by step by DMTS synchronous method within the time synchronized cycle in radio sensing network: the time shared by the time synchronized cycle is divided into 2w+1 and keeps out of the way the time limit, wherein w is maximum time synchronized progression, step 1) in i-th grade of time synchronization node determining to the packet that the i-th+1 grade time synchronization node carries out time synchronized all adopt in (2i+1) t ~ (2i+2) t monitor Duo Zhi Jie Ru ?collision avoidance mechanism send, wherein t is for keeping out of the way the time limit, for root node, i=0; In order to ensure the packet receiving the time synchronized that i-th grade of time synchronization node sends, the i-th+1 grade time synchronization node needs to monitor the packet of the time synchronized of i-th grade of time synchronization node transmission in { (2i+1) t ?2 [nT+ (2i+1) t] θ } ~ { (2i+2) t+2 [nT+ (2i+2) t] θ }, wherein θ is equipment clock precision, when
time, the time period that the time period of the packet of the time synchronization node monitoring upper level time synchronization node of the whole network does not send synchronization packets used with self conflicts;
3) in radio sensing network, all nodes can realize after reaching time synchronized opening transmitting-receiving simultaneously or entering resting state, and the routing procedure of the whole network and data transmission procedure carry out within the time period of transmitting-receiving opening; Node in radio sensing network finds beacon with the variable time interval broadcast adapting to network presence, process is as follows: beacon sends with the exponential route discovery Beacon Periods increased that 4 is the end, meets interval initial value recovery time in a period of time of following condition:
3.1) during oneself Broadcast routing information of ambient network needs;
3.2) nodes neighbors node is all deleted by oneself;
3.3) change of this node " the transmission success rate of oneself " is greater than 0.1;
4) the transmission success rate of the upper node of transmission frame is had in each Frame, the node receiving this Frame can carry out the identification of Routing Loop thus, and find that its child node of beacon announcement reselects father node by broadcast, thus ring-type is avoided to transmit.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the process that Telosb platform realizes is as follows, comprising:
2.1) functional module 601 carries out the work schedule arrangement in the whole work period, comprises transmitting-receiving active period and the arrangement of rest period in the arrangement in time synchronized cycle and data sampling period;
2.2) functional module 602 carries out the specific implementation of time synchronized scheduling and DMTS Time Synchronization Mechanism;
2.3) data sampling, data transmit-receive and dormancy in the functional module 603 arranging data sampling period;
2.4) functional module 604 by with 603 in the data of receiving and dispatching carry out alternately, calculate successful receiving rate numerical value, thus complete the maintenance of neighbor table and the calculating of route and selection;
2.5) functional module 605 realize monitoring Duo Zhi Jie Ru ?collision avoidance mechanism and with 602 and 603 carry out mutual.
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| CN108419287B (en) * | 2018-01-11 | 2020-08-04 | 浙江大学 | Method for wireless equipment node network synchronization |
| CN109217961B (en) * | 2018-06-25 | 2020-10-16 | 北京津发科技股份有限公司 | Multi-channel human-computer interaction and human-computer environment test data synchronization device and method |
| CN113079538B (en) * | 2020-01-03 | 2023-08-25 | 中国科学院大学 | Heterogeneous device cooperative transmission mechanism based on cross-technology communication technology |
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