CN103499374B - A kind of ultrasound wave dynamic liquid level detection method based on neutral net and system - Google Patents
A kind of ultrasound wave dynamic liquid level detection method based on neutral net and system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of ultrasound wave dynamic liquid level detection method based on neutral net, including: single-chip microcomputer sends control signal to ultrasonic sensor, starts intervalometer simultaneously and starts timing and produce pulse ultrasonic wave; Echo-signal is converted into voltage signal by three ultrasonic sensors, and this voltage signal is sent to pre-amplification circuit, and the voltage signal after pre-amplification circuit amplifies is sent to ultrasound wave and receives detecting circuit, it is achieved the envelope detection to high-frequency input signal; Receive comparison circuit to be compared by the reference voltage that the voltage signal after envelope detection circuit detection and system are arranged, according to comparative result output digit signals, after external interrupt control mouth receives effective trailing edge, single-chip microcomputer produces to interrupt, the timer value of record current time, using meansigma methods with rock gradient as the input parameter needed for neutral net, the two parameter is sent to the neutral net mathematical model trained, it is thus achieved that through the output valve of neutral net.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of detection field, particularly relate to a kind of ultrasound wave dynamic liquid level detection method based on neutral net and system.
Background technology
Liquid can produce significantly to rock in transportation, the real-time dynamic monitoring of the liquid level of liquid is always up a technical barrier, is not well solved so far.
In prior art, exist multiple in the method that the liquid level in transportation is detected, such as: a kind of dynamic liquid level monitoring method based on single sonac, when the method is by gathering long, the ultrasonic echo ripple in window reaches the moment, the ripple that the smooth echo-signal of wavelet filteration method is extracted is used to reach moment curve again, in conjunction with parameters such as the acceleration of motion of moving object, ambient temperatures, utilize support vector machine technology kinestate and pattern are classified and identify, and obtain dynamic fluid flow place value. But, the method there is also weak point, and first, sonac is arranged on above tank body, and it is big that ultrasound wave propagates sound energy attenuation in atmosphere, is unfavorable for measuring; Secondly, will expecting level parameter accurately, monitoring time window is longer, and real-time is deteriorated.
In prior art, there is also another sonar oil tank level dynamic monitoring system, this system adopts active sonar know-why, sent sonar wave by computer control sensor from tank deck mounting flange lower end to pass along transmission wirerope, feeding back different numerical value according to the physicochemical property sonar that profit is different, the data of collection are sent to acquisition module, based on RS485 agreement and upper machine communication, realize real time on-line monitoring and analysis, and show dynamic fluid flow place value. This system there is also weak point, and first, the design of this system is complicated, low being unfavorable for of integrated level is carried;Secondly, Sonar Probe is arranged on abhiseca, and sound energy attenuation is bigger.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome current liquid Level Detection accuracy in transportation not high, it is easy to the problem producing bigger error, the present invention proposes a kind of ultrasound wave dynamic liquid level detection method based on neutral net and system.
A kind of ultrasound wave dynamic liquid level detection method based on neutral net, including: step 1: single-chip microcomputer utilizes ultrasonic emitting circuit to send control signal to three ultrasonic sensors, start intervalometer simultaneously and start timing and excitation three tunnel ultrasonic emitting circuit generation pulse ultrasonic wave; Step 2: ultrasound wave meets liquid level back reflection, after three ultrasonic sensors are respectively received the echo-signal after reflection, and echo-signal is converted into voltage signal, and this voltage signal is sent to pre-amplification circuit, step 3: after pre-amplification circuit have received voltage signal, voltage signal after pre-amplification circuit amplifies is sent to ultrasound wave and receives detecting circuit, it is achieved the envelope detection to high-frequency input signal; Step 4: the voltage signal after envelope detection circuit detection is sent to reception comparison circuit, receive comparison circuit to be compared by the reference voltage that the voltage signal after envelope detection circuit detection and system are arranged, according to comparative result output digit signals, and by export the inverted device of signal reversely after give the external interrupt control mouth of single-chip microcomputer, external interrupt control mouth is set to saltus step to be triggered, after external interrupt control mouth receives effective trailing edge, single-chip microcomputer produces to interrupt, the timer value of record current time, after singlechip interruption three times, intervalometer stops timing; Step 5: by calculating the meansigma methods of the timer value of three records and rocking gradient, wherein rock the difference of maxima and minima when gradient is record for three times, using meansigma methods with rock gradient as the input parameter needed for neutral net, the two parameter is sent to the neutral net mathematical model trained, and obtaining the output valve through neutral net, output valve is the level value of current time.
Further, the above-mentioned ultrasound wave dynamic liquid level detection method based on neutral net, also include: the error function of the mathematical model of neutral net is:
Wherein, N is number of training, and y (t) exports for t BP neutral net, ydT () is t desired output; During by BP Algorithm for Training neutral net, adjusting the connection weights of network, its adjustment expression formula is:
Wherein, the connection weights of the neutral net that w (t) is t, w (t+1) is the connection weights of (t+1) moment neutral net, and E (t) is the mean square error of t neutral net, and η is learning rate.
Further, the above-mentioned ultrasound wave dynamic liquid level detection method based on neutral net, adopt three ultrasonic sensor composition array structures, synchronization motivationtheory emission pulse ultrasonic, utilize the Delay of the window interior echo signal envelope extraction instantaneous liquid level pip received during fixed length.
A kind of ultrasound wave dynamic fluid flow position detecting system based on neutral net, including: single-chip microcomputer, modulate circuit and three ultrasonic sensors; Wherein, single-chip microcomputer is for being loaded with the mathematical model of neutral net, and the mathematical model based on neutral net controls and processes the detection of ultrasound wave dynamic liquid level; Modulate circuit includes ultrasonic emitting circuit, ultrasound wave receives pre-amplification circuit, ultrasound wave receives signal amplification circuit, ultrasound wave receives detecting circuit, ultrasound wave receives comparison circuit and SCM peripheral circuit six part composition, ultrasonic emitting circuit is used for producing pulse ultrasonic wave, realized three roads by Single-chip Controlling and launch signal simultaneously, produce the high-voltage pulse close with ultrasonic sensor probe frequency, excitation sonac emission pulse ultrasonic simultaneously;Ultrasound wave receives pre-amplification circuit and is made up of charge amplifier, it is achieved with the impedance matching of ultrasonic reception transducer; Ultrasound wave receives signal amplification circuit and is made up of two-stage inverting amplifier, it is achieved the amplification to Weak Ultrasonic echo voltage signal; Ultrasound wave receives detecting circuit and is made up of diode peak envelope detection circuit, it is achieved the envelope detection to high-frequency input voltage signal; Ultrasound wave receives comparison circuit and is compared by the reference voltage that the voltage signal after envelope detection circuit detection and system are arranged, according to comparative result output digit signals, and by export the inverted device of signal reversely after give the external interrupt control mouth of single-chip microcomputer, external interrupt control mouth is set to saltus step to be triggered, after external interrupt control mouth receives effective trailing edge, single-chip microcomputer produces to interrupt, the timer value of record current time, and after singlechip interruption three times, intervalometer stops timing; SCM peripheral circuit is made up of crystal oscillating circuit, reset circuit, liquid crystal display circuit, collectively forms the core control portions of dynamic liquid level detection.
Further, the error function of the mathematical model of the neutral net that said system loads is:
Wherein, N is number of training, and y (t) exports for t BP neutral net, ydT () is t desired output;
During by BP Algorithm for Training neutral net, adjusting the connection weights of network, its adjustment expression formula is:
Wherein, the connection weights of the neutral net that w (t) is t, w (t+1) is the connection weights of (t+1) moment neutral net, and E (t) is the mean square error of t neutral net, and η is learning rate.
Further, said system adopts three ultrasonic sensor composition array structures, synchronization motivationtheory emission pulse ultrasonic, utilizes the Delay of the window interior echo signal envelope extraction instantaneous liquid level pip received during fixed length.
Further, in said system, single-chip microcomputer is AT89S52 single-chip microcomputer.
Two technical schemes of summary, a kind of ultrasound wave dynamic liquid level detection method based on neutral net of present invention proposition and system, it is possible to achieve dynamically detect liquid level.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that in the embodiment of the present invention, ultrasonic sensor is structured the formation schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is detection method principle schematic in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is one group of sonac echo-signal in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is training error curve in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the testing result of neutral net in the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, technical scheme is described in detail:
First, introducing BP neutral net, BP neutral net is also called error backward propagation method, and in BP network, signal is propagated forward, and error is back propagation. In propagated forward process, input signal, through input layer, hidden layer, successively processes, and is transmitted to output layer. If signal can not obtain desired output at output layer, then proceed to back-propagation process, error amount is successively reversely transmitted, and revise each layer connection weights. For one group of given training sample, constantly with a pattern drill network, repeat propagated forward and error back propagation process, till network output error is less than set-point. BP algorithm changes weights and deviation along the opposite direction of gradient. Definition error function is:
Wherein, N is number of training, and y (t) exports for t BP neutral net, ydT () is t desired output.
During with BP Algorithm for Training network, adjusting the connection weights of network, its adjustment expression formula is:
Wherein, the connection weights of the neutral net that w (t) is t, w (t+1) is the connection weights of (t+1) moment neutral net, and E (t) is the mean square error of t neutral net, η learning rate.
The BP algorithm of error-duration model is a relatively simple and practical learning algorithm, and it is relatively slow that the BP algorithm of standard generally learns convergence rate, and is easily trapped into Local Minimum.
The ultrasound wave dynamic liquid level detection method of the present invention is described below, as it is shown in figure 1, the present invention proposes a kind of ultrasound wave dynamic liquid level detection method based on neutral net, including:
Dynamic liquid level is monitored by the array adopting three sonac compositions in the embodiment of the present invention, and sensor array is laid as shown in Figure 1. Wherein O is container bottom center, and A, B, C are the probe of three ultrasonic sensors, and a, b, c are and the liquid level pip corresponding to ultrasonic sensor A, B, C.
The system of the ultrasound wave dynamic liquid level detection in the invention process is as in figure 2 it is shown, include single-chip microcomputer, modulate circuit and three ultrasonic sensors A, B, C. Wherein single-chip microcomputer can be AT89S52 single-chip microcomputer, is used for controlling and process the detection of ultrasound wave dynamic liquid level. Modulate circuit includes ultrasonic emitting circuit, ultrasound wave receives pre-amplification circuit, ultrasound wave receives signal amplification circuit, ultrasound wave receives detecting circuit, ultrasound wave receives comparison circuit and SCM peripheral circuit six part composition, concrete: ultrasonic emitting circuit is used for producing pulse ultrasonic wave, realized three roads by Single-chip Controlling and launch signal simultaneously, produce the high-voltage pulse close with ultrasonic sensor probe frequency, excitation sonac emission pulse ultrasonic simultaneously; Ultrasound wave receives pre-amplification circuit and is made up of charge amplifier, it is achieved with the impedance matching of ultrasonic reception transducer; Ultrasound wave receives signal amplification circuit and is made up of two-stage inverting amplifier, it is achieved the amplification to Weak Ultrasonic echo-signal; Ultrasound wave receives detecting circuit and is made up of diode peak envelope detection circuit, it is achieved the envelope detection to high-frequency input signal; Ultrasound wave receives comparison circuit and is compared by the reference voltage that the pulse signal after envelope detection circuit detection and system are arranged, comparator by output digit signals 1 or 0, the output inverted device of signal of comparator reversely after give the external interrupt control mouth P3.2 of single-chip microcomputer; SCM peripheral circuit is made up of crystal oscillating circuit, reset circuit, liquid crystal display circuit, collectively forms the core control portions of dynamic liquid level detection.
The above-mentioned ultrasound wave dynamic liquid level detection method principle based on neutral net is as follows: during detection, three ultrasonic sensor A, B, C is emission pulse ultrasonic simultaneously, but the liquid level corresponding due to the probe of three ultrasonic sensors is different, so, the echo moment that each sonac receives is also different, the acoustic signals time used back and forth obtaining these three probe can be calculated respectively according to the echo-signal that each ultrasonic sensor receives, then the liquid level that the probe obtaining each ultrasonic sensor is corresponding is calculated, and choose these three probe from liquid level liquid level meansigma methods with rock gradient as characteristic parameter, in order to train BP neutral net, obtain the mathematical model of dynamic liquid level, then this model is applied in the monitoring of Real-time and Dynamic liquid level. owing to three probes are respectively arranged in container bottom center for three quadrants of initial point, no matter how liquid rocks, and the liquid level of three probe measurements always has a maximum and a minima, and the difference of maxima and minima namely can determine that liquid rock gradient.
It is as follows that the concrete ultrasound wave dynamic liquid level based on neutral net detects process:
Step 1: single-chip microcomputer utilizes ultrasonic emitting circuit to send control signal to three ultrasonic sensors, starts intervalometer simultaneously and starts timing and excitation three tunnel ultrasonic emitting circuit generation pulse ultrasonic wave;
Step 2: ultrasound wave meets liquid level back reflection, after three ultrasonic sensors are respectively received the echo-signal after reflection, and echo-signal is converted into voltage signal, and this voltage signal is sent to pre-amplification circuit;
Step 3: after pre-amplification circuit have received voltage signal, the voltage signal after pre-amplification circuit amplifies is sent to ultrasound wave and receives detecting circuit, it is achieved the envelope detection to high-frequency input signal;
Step 4: the voltage signal after envelope detection circuit detection is sent to reception comparison circuit, receive comparison circuit to be compared by the reference voltage that the voltage signal after envelope detection circuit detection and system are arranged, according to comparative result output digit signals, and by export the inverted device of signal reversely after give the external interrupt control mouth of single-chip microcomputer, external interrupt control mouth is set to saltus step to be triggered, after external interrupt control mouth receives effective trailing edge, single-chip microcomputer produces to interrupt, the timer value of record current time, after singlechip interruption three times, intervalometer stops timing;
Step 5: by calculating the meansigma methods of the timer value of three records and rocking gradient, wherein rock the difference of maxima and minima when gradient is record for three times, using meansigma methods with rock gradient as the input parameter needed for neutral net, the two parameter is sent to the neutral net mathematical model trained, and obtaining the output valve through neutral net, output valve is the level value of current time. Then constantly circulating said process, system just can realize sloshing fluid is monitored real-time dynamicly. Native system also can realize the monitoring to static liquid level. It is little that static liquid rocks gradient, is close to zero, and now takes 3 meansigma methodss measured as static liquid place value.
In the specific embodiment of the invention, it is preferred that ultrasonic sensor all adopts transmitting-receiving integrated, frequency probe is 1MHz. In laboratory conditions, with Fluid Dynamics liquid the rocking in transportation in hand wobble iron flask, Fig. 3 is different echo-signals during three the ultrasound probes measurement sloshing fluid recorded in experiment, the echo-signal that wherein (a) and (b), (c) respectively sensors A, B, C record. During enforcement, 100 groups of data liquid level recorded from 2cm to 50cm, as training sample, extract ten groups of data as test sample within the scope of this.
BP neutral net in the embodiment of the present invention has two input parameters, an output parameter, then the input layer of BP network is set to 2 neurons, and hidden layer is set to one layer, and output layer is 1 neuron. The mean square error of neutral net is set as 1 × 10 during enforcement-5, learning rate is 0.05, and maximum train epochs is 500. Known by experiment when hidden layer neuron number is 8, frequency of training is minimum, therefore, selects the network of 2 × 8 × 1 to be trained. The transmission function of network hidden layer is tansig, and output layer is purelin. For enabling the network to Fast Convergent, adopt the learning algorithm of Levenberg-Marquardt. As shown in Figure 4, network is after 90 times are trained, and the mean square error of network meets design requirement, network deconditioning.
Testing sample by 10 groups and input the BP neutral net trained, test result is as shown in Figure 5. As shown in Figure 5, the overall relative error of test sample is less, and the accuracy of network output is higher, and output result is stable. Although needing the regular hour during network training, but network training good after, during practical application, required time is extremely short, and system can realize dynamic liquid level is monitored completely.
Claims (7)
1. the ultrasound wave dynamic liquid level detection method based on neutral net, it is characterised in that including:
Step 1: single-chip microcomputer utilizes ultrasonic emitting circuit to send control signal to three ultrasonic sensors, starts intervalometer simultaneously and starts timing and excitation three tunnel ultrasonic emitting circuit generation pulse ultrasonic wave;
Step 2: ultrasound wave meets liquid level back reflection, after three ultrasonic sensors are respectively received the echo-signal after reflection, and echo-signal is converted into voltage signal, and this voltage signal is sent to pre-amplification circuit;
Step 3: after pre-amplification circuit have received voltage signal, the voltage signal after pre-amplification circuit amplifies is sent to ultrasound wave and receives detecting circuit, it is achieved the envelope detection to high-frequency input signal;
Step 4: the voltage signal after envelope detection circuit detection is sent to reception comparison circuit, receive comparison circuit to be compared by the reference voltage that the voltage signal after envelope detection circuit detection and system are arranged, according to comparative result output digit signals, and by export the inverted device of signal reversely after give the external interrupt control mouth of single-chip microcomputer, external interrupt control mouth is set to saltus step to be triggered, after external interrupt control mouth receives effective trailing edge, single-chip microcomputer produces to interrupt, the timer value of record current time, after singlechip interruption three times, intervalometer stops timing;
Step 5: by calculating the meansigma methods of the timer value of three records and rocking gradient, wherein rock the difference of liquid level maxima and minima when gradient is record for three times, using meansigma methods with rock gradient as the input parameter needed for neutral net, the two parameter is sent to the neutral net mathematical model trained, and obtaining the output valve through neutral net, output valve is the level value of current time.
2. method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the error function of the mathematical model of neutral net is:
Wherein, N is number of training, and y (t) exports for t BP neutral net, ydT () is t desired output; During by BP Algorithm for Training neutral net, adjusting the connection weights of network, its adjustment expression formula is:
Wherein, the connection weights of the neutral net that w (t) is t, w (t+1) is the connection weights of t+1 moment neutral net, and E (t) is the mean square error of t neutral net, and η is learning rate.
3. method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that adopt three ultrasonic sensor composition array structures, synchronization motivationtheory emission pulse ultrasonic, utilizes the Delay of the window interior echo signal envelope extraction instantaneous liquid level pip received during fixed length.
4. the ultrasound wave dynamic fluid flow position detecting system based on neutral net, it is characterised in that including: single-chip microcomputer, modulate circuit and three ultrasonic sensors;
Wherein, single-chip microcomputer is for loading the mathematical model of neutral net, and the mathematical model based on neutral net controls and processes the detection of ultrasound wave dynamic liquid level; Modulate circuit includes ultrasonic emitting circuit, ultrasound wave receives pre-amplification circuit, ultrasound wave receives signal amplification circuit, ultrasound wave receives detecting circuit, ultrasound wave receives comparison circuit and SCM peripheral circuit six part composition, ultrasonic emitting circuit is used for producing pulse ultrasonic wave, realized three roads by Single-chip Controlling and launch signal simultaneously, produce the high-voltage pulse close with ultrasonic sensor probe frequency, excitation sonac emission pulse ultrasonic simultaneously; Ultrasound wave receives pre-amplification circuit and is made up of charge amplifier, it is achieved with the impedance matching of ultrasonic reception transducer; Ultrasound wave receives signal amplification circuit and is made up of two-stage inverting amplifier, it is achieved the amplification to Weak Ultrasonic echo voltage signal; Ultrasound wave receives detecting circuit and is made up of diode peak envelope detection circuit, it is achieved the envelope detection to high-frequency input voltage signal; Ultrasound wave receives comparison circuit and is compared by the reference voltage that the voltage signal after envelope detection circuit detection and system are arranged, according to comparative result output digit signals, and by export the inverted device of signal reversely after give the external interrupt control mouth of single-chip microcomputer, external interrupt control mouth is set to saltus step to be triggered, after external interrupt control mouth receives effective trailing edge, single-chip microcomputer produces to interrupt, the timer value of record current time, and after singlechip interruption three times, intervalometer stops timing; SCM peripheral circuit is made up of crystal oscillating circuit, reset circuit, liquid crystal display circuit, collectively forms the core control portions of dynamic liquid level detection.
5. system as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that the error function of the mathematical model of neutral net is:
Wherein, N is number of training, and y (t) exports for t BP neutral net, ydT () is t desired output;
During by BP Algorithm for Training neutral net, adjusting the connection weights of network, its adjustment expression formula is:
Wherein, the connection weights of the neutral net that w (t) is t, w (t+1) is the connection weights of t+1 moment neutral net, and E (t) is the mean square error of t neutral net, and η is learning rate.
6. system as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that adopt three ultrasonic sensor composition array structures, synchronization motivationtheory emission pulse ultrasonic, utilizes the Delay of the window interior echo signal envelope extraction instantaneous liquid level pip received during fixed length.
7. system as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that single-chip microcomputer is AT89S52 single-chip microcomputer.
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