CN103498109A - Excavator bucket tooth and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Excavator bucket tooth and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103498109A CN103498109A CN201310406564.0A CN201310406564A CN103498109A CN 103498109 A CN103498109 A CN 103498109A CN 201310406564 A CN201310406564 A CN 201310406564A CN 103498109 A CN103498109 A CN 103498109A
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- excavator bucket
- bucket teeth
- excavator
- bucket tooth
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Abstract
The invention discloses an excavator bucket tooth and a preparation method thereof, and solves the problems that conventional bucket teeth are general in wear resistance, impact performance and the like, short in service life and high in production cost. The excavator bucket tooth comprises the components in percents by mass: 0.25-0.29% of C, 1.10-1.40% of Mn, 1.50-1.90% of Si, 1.40-1.70% of Cr, 0.02-0.06% of Al, 0.10-0.15% of Mo, and the balance Fe and unavoidable impurities. The invention also provides the preparation method of the excavator bucket tooth, and the preparation method comprises operations of casting and heat treatment. The excavator bucket tooth is substantially improved in mechanical properties, and especially obviously improved in toughness, hardness, tensile strength, wear resistance and the like, and low in material cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of bucket tooth, relate in particular to a kind of excavator bucket teeth and preparation method thereof, belong to metal material field.
Background technology
Bucket tooth belongs to the excavator spare and accessory parts, generally is contained in the power shovel front end, is widely used in the industries such as mine, metallurgy, electric power, building materials, cement, machinery, directly with sand, soil, rock, mineral etc., contact, when the contact material, the effect that both withstood shocks, Bending effect again.In working process, the bucket tooth tip is subject to larger impact-sliding abrasive wear, and the various ditch dug with a plow of the normal appearance in surface, tip, distortion, cause surface abrasion.The factor that affects the excavator bucket teeth life-span is a lot, except the ore structure.Soft or hard degree, explosion situation, and, outside the operant level of applying unit to the maintenance of excavator and driver, also have the structure of bucket tooth and the impact of shape, the heat treated impact in material of excavator bucket teeth and preparation method thereof.
Desirable excavator bucket teeth material surface should have high rigidity, high-wearing feature, and matrix should have mechanical property, high tenacity preferably, thus the characteristics such as the length that increases the service life, and this is the requirement that single material is difficult to reach simultaneously.Bucket tooth of the prior art generally adopts wear resisting steel, the Hadfield steel that for example Robert Hadfield invents, and its wear resistance and toughness are better, but its impelling strength is on the low side, in the excavator working process, the bucket tooth surface easily causes bulk to come off, and brittle failure even easily occurs.In addition, under the abrasive conditions that high mangaenese steel only generally is considered to cut at HI high impact or strong cutter, surface could produce work hardening layer effectively, shows higher wear resistance, otherwise it is even less than the wear resistance of general steel.And manganese content is higher, therefore, its cost is higher, energy consumption is larger.
For the problems referred to above, Chinese patent application of the prior art (publication number is CN102978531A) discloses a kind of excavator bucket teeth, its chemical composition is C:0.26%-0.29%, Mn:1.30%-1.50%, Si:1.20%-1.40%, Cr:1.40%-1.60%, Mo:0.15%-0.25%, N:0.20%-0.30%, surplus is Fe and inevitable impurity, with and preparation method thereof: casting process and heat treatment step, this bucket tooth mechanical property improves, and can meet the demand of general excavator Working environment.But it is better that the relevant staff still is devoted to study mechanical property, longer service life, the excavator bucket teeth that production cost is lower.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is for the deficiencies in the prior art, proposed a kind of good mechanical property, long service life, the excavator bucket teeth that production cost is low.
Purpose of the present invention can realize by following technical proposal: a kind of excavator bucket teeth, the moiety of described excavator bucket teeth and mass percent are: C:0.25%-0.29%, Mn:1.10%-1.40%, Si:1.50%-1.90%, Cr:1.40%-1.70%, Al:0.02%-0.06%, Mo:0.10%-0.15%, surplus is Fe and inevitable impurity.
With respect to prior art, bucket tooth of the present invention is by adding the Al element, removed the Ni element, and the proportioning of optimizing the compositions such as C, Si, Cr, especially improved Si content and Cr content, make the formula of bucket tooth more reasonable, make each element in bucket tooth produce synergy, significantly improve the mechanical property of bucket tooth, especially wear resistance and impelling strength, thus reach the purpose of prolongs life.
In above-mentioned excavator bucket teeth, in described impurity, the mass percent that the mass percent of S element is less than or equal to 0.30%, P element is less than or equal to 0.030%.
In excavator bucket teeth of the present invention, carbon content is 0.25%-0.29%.The C element, as the fundamental element of steel alloy, can form stable (Cr, Fe) with iron, chromium in excavator bucket teeth
7c
3the type carbide, also can form carbide with Fe, Mn, improves hardness, plasticity and the toughness thereof of excavator bucket teeth, can guarantee enough wear resistancies and temperature tolerance again simultaneously.When C content, lower than 0.25% the time, carbide tails off, and wear resistance is bad.And, when C content surpasses 0.29%, the physical strength of excavator bucket teeth is plasticity and the remarkable variation of impelling strength of bucket tooth especially, the atmospheric corrosion resistance ability that also can reduce, the easy corrosion in place in the open.Therefore the mass percent of the carbon in excavator bucket teeth of the present invention is controlled to 0.25%-0.29%, can make carbon and other elements produce synergy, and, along with the increase of carbon content, the yield-point of bucket tooth and tensile strength raise, thereby make the bucket tooth in the present invention have over-all properties preferably.
Manganese is strengthening element main in excavator bucket teeth, mainly plays the effects such as deoxidation degasification, desulfurization and raising hardening capacity in excavator bucket teeth.In general steel, the content of manganese is 0.30%-0.50%, in carbon steel, adds the manganese more than 0.70% to be " manganese steel ", with general steel, compares, manganese steel not only has enough toughness, also there is higher intensity and hardness, can improve the quenching property of steel, improve the hot workability of steel.But the manganese too high levels, can weaken the resistance to corrosion of bucket tooth, reduces welding property.In excavator bucket teeth of the present invention, manganese content is 1.10%-1.40%, has improved significantly wear resistance, the temperature tolerance of bucket tooth, its reason is one, manganese in excavator bucket teeth can in and the deleterious effect of ferro element, generate (FeMn) with iron
3c type carbide, make ferro element only bring into play its positive effect, improves the hardening capacity of bucket tooth; Two, its content of deoxidation must be more than 0.6% in bucket tooth for manganese, if but the manganese too high levels can affect the wear resistance of bucket tooth; Three, guaranteeing that under the prerequisite of austenite structure, the reduction of manganese content can cause stabilization of austenite slightly to descend, but the wear resistance of bucket tooth can significantly improve under the effect of high impact, workhardness also significantly strengthens; But four, add manganese element refinement material structure in bucket tooth, improve recrystallization temperature, thereby the thermotolerance while strengthening excavator bucket teeth in use because of friction generation high temperature.
Element silicon is dissolved in ferrite in excavator bucket teeth, can strongly inhibited decompose with the carbide of alleviating supercooled austenite, improves stabilization of austenite.Element silicon is good reductive agent and reductor in excavator bucket teeth, and its content coordinates with manganese element content, can effectively improve the toughness of excavator bucket teeth, improves wear resistance, intensity and the hardness of excavator bucket teeth.Having improved widely the content of silicon in excavator bucket teeth of the present invention, is 1.50%-1.90%, can improve the intensity 15%-20% of excavator bucket teeth.Add the Si of high level can increase residual austenite content in the stability of supercooled austenite and steel in continuous cooling process, strongly hinder separating out of carbide, improve the resistance to tempering of excavator bucket teeth.Equally, the Si too high levels can reduce the welding property of excavator bucket teeth.
Cr, as important alloying element, can significantly improve intensity, hardness and the wear resistance of excavator bucket teeth, can also improve oxidation-resistance and the erosion resistance of excavator bucket teeth, but can slightly reduce plasticity and the toughness of excavator bucket teeth simultaneously.Chromium content in bucket tooth of the present invention is 1.40%-1.70%.The radius of chromium atom is 2.810 on the one hand
-10m, and the iron atom radius is 2.710
-10m, both are very close, and chromium is stronger than other elements with the avidity of iron, easily with carbon, iron, is combined formation (Cr, Fe)
3c and a small amount of (FeCr)
7c
3dissolve in sosoloid, can strengthen matrix, improve the hardening capacity of bucket tooth.In excavator bucket teeth, add on the other hand the Cr element can change carbide dispersion distributional pattern in steel, obtain with Cr
23c
6be main granular carbide, its disperse is distributed on the Ovshinsky matrix.If Cr content is too low, the erosion resistance of excavator bucket teeth is not good, if the Cr too high levels, the toughness of excavator bucket teeth is not good.Mechanical property the present invention of comprehensive excavator bucket teeth is controlled at 1.40%-1.70% by the mass percent of chromium element, can make chromium and other elements produce synergy, thereby make the excavator bucket teeth in the application have wear resistance preferably.
Al is reductor commonly used in excavator bucket teeth, adds a small amount of Al in bucket tooth, but crystal grain thinning improves impelling strength.Al also has antioxidant and corrosion resistance, and Al and Si share, and can significantly improve high temperature non-scale performance and the high-temperature corrosion resistance performance of steel.But Al can affect hot workability, welding property and the machinability of bucket tooth.Therefore, in excavator bucket teeth of the present invention, the content of Al is controlled at 0.02%-0.06%, when improving the bucket tooth over-all properties, can guarantee its welding property, processing characteristics again.
Added the molybdenum element of crystal grain thinning in excavator bucket teeth of the present invention, can play the three aspects: effect: one, molybdenum can suppress the cementite gathering effectively, cause the carbide of molybdenum to be distributed in austenite with superfine small size disperse, but while dispersion-strengthened action, the strengthening austenite structure, intensity and the hardness of bucket tooth are increased, and the strain-hardening performance strengthens.Two, molybdenum is distributed in carbide and can effectively suppresses separating out of grain boundary carbide in the excavator bucket teeth process of cooling, in bucket tooth, chromatize can make grain boundary carbide separate out tendency greatly to improve, and the compound interpolation of molybdenum and two kinds of elements of chromium can make the beneficial effect of two kinds of alloying elements bring into play simultaneously.Three, after adding molybdenum in bucket tooth, acicular carbide shortens, and quantity obviously reduces.Known when adding approximately 0.1% molybdenum through testing, can reduce or restrain the temper brittleness that other alloying elements cause.Under higher tempering temperature, form the alloy carbide that fills the air distribution, the secondary hardening effect is arranged.Coordinate molybdenum and the effect of manganese in bucket tooth more can effectively brought into play that add in excavator bucket teeth with manganese, the mechanical propertys such as the hardness of raising excavator bucket teeth, hardening capacity.But the price of molybdenum element is more expensive, adds too much and can increase production cost, therefore the present invention is controlled at it between 0.10%-0.15% at the content that guarantees when molybdenum can play a role preferably in bucket tooth to control molybdenum.
The present invention adopts the interaction of each element proportioning, and hardening capacity, hardenability, the austenitic stability of excavator bucket teeth is all had to obvious effect.
Sulphur is generally the harmful element in excavator bucket teeth, can make excavator bucket teeth produce red brittleness, reduce ductility and the toughness of excavator bucket teeth, but when sulphur content is less than 0.03%, its deleterious effect is just so unobvious, can also improve on the contrary the processing characteristics of excavator bucket teeth.
P and s is the same, and wear resistance and the mechanical property of excavator bucket teeth all had to special injurious effects, and every 0.02% P on average reduces impelling strength 1.98J/cm
2; When phosphorus drops to 0.02%-0.04% from 0.07%-1.0%, the plasticity of excavator bucket teeth, toughness, wear resistance all can improve 40%-50%, and casting crack also can greatly reduce.The present invention is controlled at the content of phosphorus in 0.003%, also can avoid intercrystalline precipitation eutectic phosphide.
Further, the moiety of described excavator bucket teeth and mass percent are: C:0.27%, and Mn:1.30%, Si:1.60%, Cr:1.50%, Al:0.04%, Mo:0.12%, surplus is Fe and inevitable impurity.
Further, the moiety of described excavator bucket teeth and mass percent are: C:0.25%, and Mn:1.40%, Si:1.50%, Cr:1.70%, Al:0.02%, Mo:0.15%, surplus is Fe and inevitable impurity.
Further, the moiety of described excavator bucket teeth and mass percent are: C:0.29%, and Mn:1.10%, Si:1.90%, Cr:1.40%, Al:0.06%, Mo:0.10%, surplus is Fe and inevitable impurity.
The present invention also provides a kind of preparation method of above-mentioned excavator bucket teeth, comprises casting process and heat treatment step.In described heat treatment step, quenching temperature is 900 ℃-950 ℃, and after quenching, soaking time is 2-4 hour, and tempering temperature is 230 ℃-260 ℃, and after tempering, soaking time is 3-4 hour.
The present invention adopts the method not only to simplify production technique, reduces energy consumption, and can make equally the performance level after foundry goods has conventional thermal treatment.Excavator bucket teeth is in heat-processed, and in the time of 400 ℃-700 ℃, carbide is constantly separated out and grown up, and in the time of 700 ℃-900 ℃, carbide dissolves gradually, while being heated to more than 900 ℃, even on crystal boundary, remaining carbide also can all dissolve.Existence due to the carbide of indissoluble, be necessary to improve its solid solubility temperature, and quenching temperature is brought up to 900 ℃-950 ℃, though the intensity of bucket tooth descends slightly, reaches best obdurability and plasticity.Improve the homogenizing that the temperature of quenching is conducive to composition, further reduce the high-carbon microcell, increase the quantity of the strong martensite of high dislocation lath and film like residual austenite, thereby improve the obdurability of bucket tooth, strengthen the ability of opposing crack propagation, alleviate stress concentration, improve toughness.And tempering temperature is between 230 ℃-260 ℃, the tensile strength of excavator bucket teeth and hardness reduce with the rising of tempering temperature, and normal temperature impelling strength raises.Low-carbon alloy steel carries out austenitizing heat chilling and quenches that can to obtain hardness moderate, and rigidity is good, the low-carbon lath martensite tissue of obdurability.When in invar, " C " element quenches, segregation, on dislocation and lath border, causes substructure refinement and high density dislocation to produce solution strengthening.Low-carbon lath martensite is lath-shaped distribution parallel to each other under electron microscope, and its main body is by the crystal composition of many thin and thin length, and lath is interior without twin.And, when tempering temperature is greater than 260 ℃, dislocation generation slippage and climbing, cause dislocation desity to reduce, crystal boundary is moved simultaneously, and subgrain merges and causes the every mechanical property of excavator bucket teeth to descend.
In addition, if in the tough processing of water, Heating temperature is on the low side or soaking time is not enough, carbide can not fully dissolve, and frequent is on austenitic crystal boundary.If in the tough processing of water, Heating temperature is higher, will make Austenite Grain Growth.
Further, in described heat treatment step, tempering temperature is 240 ℃.
The present invention is by the component of the specific excavator bucket teeth of configuration and the raw material of mass percent, and make good mechanical property by special thermal treatment process, especially there is high tenacity, high rigidity, high-tensile, high-wearing feature, and the cost of material is low, meet the excavator bucket teeth of the special Working environment demand of excavator simultaneously.
Embodiment
Table 1: embodiment 1～3 is for the preparation of component and the mass percent thereof of excavator bucket teeth
Embodiment 1
In the present embodiment, the component of excavator bucket teeth and mass percent thereof are as shown in embodiment in table 11.
The component of excavator bucket teeth and mass percent thereof have a certain impact to the mechanical property of bucket tooth, and its preparation technology also has larger impact to the mechanical property of the bucket tooth of final formation.The preparation technology of bucket tooth comprises casting process and heat treatment step, and wherein casting process adopts conventional casting to get final product, and what the final mechanical property of bucket tooth was had the greatest impact is heat treatment step.Heat treatment step comprise quench to heat up, the step of air cooling after tempering after insulation, tempering.The present embodiment is for inquiring into optimal quenching temperature, tempering temperature, to the thermal treatment test its mechanical property under different condition of bucket tooth in the present embodiment, obtains experimental result as table 2.
The mechanical property of the excavator bucket teeth under table 2: embodiment 1 different condition after thermal treatment
As can be seen from Table 2, quenching temperature is that 900 ℃ of-950 ℃ of intervals and tempering temperature are 230 ℃ of-260 ℃ of intervals, tensile strength and hardness reduce with the rising of tempering temperature, normal temperature impelling strength raises, in quenching temperature, be that 920 ℃, tempering temperature are while being 240 ℃, normal temperature impelling strength, hardness, the wear resistance of mechanical property the best, the especially bucket tooth of excavator bucket teeth are better.
Therefore the condition that the implementation case selects the excavator bucket teeth after forging process is processed to heat-treat is: in heat treatment step, when temperature is 920 ℃, quenched, after quenching, insulation is 3 hours; Carry out tempering when temperature is 240 ℃, after tempering, is incubated again 3 hours.
In the present embodiment, excavator good mechanical property, especially toughness, hardness and the wear resistance of gained is all higher, long service life, and the cost of material is low.
Embodiment 2
Press component and the mass percent of embodiment 2 definite excavator bucket teeths in table 1, in the present embodiment, excavator bucket teeth is through casting process and heat treatment step, wherein heat treatment step adopts the processing condition the same with embodiment mono-, in heat treatment step, when temperature is 950 ℃, quenched, after quenching, insulation is 4 hours; Carry out tempering when temperature is 260 ℃, after tempering, is incubated again 4 hours.Test its mechanical property as table 3:
The mechanical property of the excavator bucket teeth under table 3: embodiment 2 different conditions after thermal treatment
From above-mentioned test adopt the proportioning of the present embodiment, excavator good mechanical property, especially toughness, hardness and the wear resistance of utilizing the processing condition of embodiment mono-to make are all higher, long service life, and the cost of material is low.
Embodiment 3
Press component and the mass percent of embodiment 3 definite excavator bucket teeths in table 1, in the present embodiment, excavator bucket teeth is through casting process and heat treatment step, wherein heat treatment step adopts the processing condition the same with embodiment mono-, in heat treatment step, when temperature is 900 ℃, quenched, after quenching, insulation is 2 hours; Carry out tempering when temperature is 230 ℃, after tempering, is incubated again 3 hours.Test its mechanical property as table 4:
The mechanical property of the excavator bucket teeth under table 4: embodiment 3 different conditions after thermal treatment
From above-mentioned test adopt the proportioning of the present embodiment, excavator good mechanical property, especially toughness, hardness and the wear resistance of utilizing the processing condition of embodiment mono-to make are all higher, long service life, and the cost of material is low.
Specific embodiment described herein is only to the explanation for example of the present invention's spirit.Those skilled in the art can make various modifications or supplement or adopt similar mode to substitute described specific embodiment, but can't depart from spirit of the present invention or surmount the defined scope of appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. an excavator bucket teeth, it is characterized in that: the moiety of described excavator bucket teeth and mass percent are: C:0.25%-0.29%, Mn:1.10%-1.40%, Si:1.50%-1.90%, Cr:1.40%-1.70%, Al:0.02%-0.06%, Mo:0.10%-0.15%, surplus is Fe and inevitable impurity.
2. excavator bucket teeth according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described impurity, the mass percent that the mass percent of S element is less than or equal to 0.03%, P element is less than or equal to 0.03%.
3. excavator bucket teeth according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: the moiety of described excavator bucket teeth and mass percent are: C:0.27%, Mn:1.30%, Si:1.60%, Cr:1.50%, Al:0.04%, Mo:0.12%, surplus is Fe and inevitable impurity.
4. excavator bucket teeth according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: the moiety of described excavator bucket teeth and mass percent are:: C:0.25%, Mn:1.40%, Si:1.50%, Cr:1.70%, Al:0.02%, Mo:0.15%, surplus is Fe and inevitable impurity.
5. excavator bucket teeth according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: the moiety of described excavator bucket teeth and mass percent are: C:0.29%, Mn:1.10%, Si:1.90%, Cr:1.40%, Al:0.06%, Mo:0.10%, surplus is Fe and inevitable impurity.
6. a preparation method who prepares the described excavator bucket teeth of claim 1 to 5 any one, comprise casting process and heat treatment step, it is characterized in that: in described heat treatment step, quenching temperature is 900 ℃-950 ℃, after quenching, soaking time is 2-4 hour, tempering temperature is 230 ℃-260 ℃, and after tempering, soaking time is 3-4 hour.
7. the preparation method of excavator bucket teeth according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: in described heat treatment step, tempering temperature is 240 ℃.
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| CN201310406564.0A CN103498109B (en) | 2013-09-05 | 2013-09-05 | Excavator bucket tooth and preparation method thereof |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310406564.0A CN103498109B (en) | 2013-09-05 | 2013-09-05 | Excavator bucket tooth and preparation method thereof |
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| CN103498109B CN103498109B (en) | 2015-07-15 |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104275449A (en) * | 2014-10-21 | 2015-01-14 | 安徽省萧县华龙耐火材料有限责任公司 | Mixing roll scraper production process |
| CN109175177A (en) * | 2018-09-29 | 2019-01-11 | 河南科技大学 | A kind of preparation method of bucket tooth |
| CN110343973A (en) * | 2019-07-23 | 2019-10-18 | 山东钢铁股份有限公司 | A kind of bucket tooth steel and preparation method thereof |
| CN114875315A (en) * | 2022-04-26 | 2022-08-09 | 湖南华菱湘潭钢铁有限公司 | Low-alloy steel for excavator bucket teeth and production method thereof |
| CN116377189A (en) * | 2023-03-02 | 2023-07-04 | 徐州徐工矿业机械有限公司 | Heat treatment method of wear-resistant bucket teeth for oversized excavator |
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| CN1600889A (en) * | 2004-10-26 | 2005-03-30 | 宁波浙东精密铸造有限公司 | Wearable cast steel in microalloy martensite and manufacturing method |
| CN102400050A (en) * | 2011-11-13 | 2012-04-04 | 宁波嘉达精密铸造有限公司 | Bucket tooth and preparation method thereof |
| CN102978531A (en) * | 2012-11-09 | 2013-03-20 | 宁波嘉达精密铸造有限公司 | Excavator bucket tooth and preparation method thereof |
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| JPS581062A (en) * | 1981-06-26 | 1983-01-06 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Corrosion- and abrasion-resistant cast steel |
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| CN102400050A (en) * | 2011-11-13 | 2012-04-04 | 宁波嘉达精密铸造有限公司 | Bucket tooth and preparation method thereof |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104275449A (en) * | 2014-10-21 | 2015-01-14 | 安徽省萧县华龙耐火材料有限责任公司 | Mixing roll scraper production process |
| CN104275449B (en) * | 2014-10-21 | 2016-03-23 | 安徽省萧县华龙耐火材料有限责任公司 | A kind of production technology of mixing roll scraper plate |
| CN109175177A (en) * | 2018-09-29 | 2019-01-11 | 河南科技大学 | A kind of preparation method of bucket tooth |
| CN110343973A (en) * | 2019-07-23 | 2019-10-18 | 山东钢铁股份有限公司 | A kind of bucket tooth steel and preparation method thereof |
| CN114875315A (en) * | 2022-04-26 | 2022-08-09 | 湖南华菱湘潭钢铁有限公司 | Low-alloy steel for excavator bucket teeth and production method thereof |
| CN116377189A (en) * | 2023-03-02 | 2023-07-04 | 徐州徐工矿业机械有限公司 | Heat treatment method of wear-resistant bucket teeth for oversized excavator |
| CN116377189B (en) * | 2023-03-02 | 2023-10-20 | 徐州徐工矿业机械有限公司 | Heat treatment method of wear-resistant bucket teeth for oversized excavator |
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| CN103498109B (en) | 2015-07-15 |
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