CN102517499A - High-strength and low-cost dilute alloy wear resistant cast steel - Google Patents
High-strength and low-cost dilute alloy wear resistant cast steel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN102517499A CN102517499A CN2011104254821A CN201110425482A CN102517499A CN 102517499 A CN102517499 A CN 102517499A CN 2011104254821 A CN2011104254821 A CN 2011104254821A CN 201110425482 A CN201110425482 A CN 201110425482A CN 102517499 A CN102517499 A CN 102517499A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- steel
- low
- cast steel
- cast
- strength
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Landscapes
- Component Parts Of Construction Machinery (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a low-cost and high-strength wear resistant cast steel utilizing silicon and manganese as main alloy elements and capable of being used for manufacturing such wear resistant components as a ball mill lining plate and an excavator bucket tooth, and the like. The chemical ingredients of the cast steel and the mass percents thereof are as follows: 0.2-0.6% of C, 0.5-1.5% of Si, 0.5-1.5% of Mn, 0.5-1.5% of Cr, smaller than 0.20% of Ti, smaller than 0.20% of RE, smaller than 0.015% of B, smaller than 0.15% of Ca and smaller than 0.015% of Al; the cast steel is firstly quenched at 950+/-10 DEG C and is annealed at 200+/-10 DEG C, the tensile strength thereof is larger than 1550 MPa, the impact toughness is larger than 90 J/cm2, the fracture toughness is larger than 80 Mpa.m1/2, and the hardness thereof is larger than 52 HRC.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of low-alloy wear-resistant steel; Particularly a kind of precious metal elements such as molybdenum, nickel, copper, vanadium that do not contain; With silicon, manganese, chromium is main alloy element, can make the high-strength abrasion-proof cast steel of wear resisting parts such as excavator bucket teeth, grinder hammerhead, ball grinding machine lining board.
Background technology
Fret wear is one of three big forms with the material damage that material ruptures, material corrosion is arranged side by side, and the financial loss that causes is quite surprising.According to statistics; China consumes nearly 2,300,000 tons because of wearing and tearing cause ball mills every year; Ball mill and various crusher liner plate consume nearly 500,000 tons; Nearly 900,000 tons of roll consumption, various engineering excavation machines and shovel loader bucket tooth, various wear resistant conveying pipes road, various grinder hammerhead and jaw, various grip-pad consumption are also above 500,000 tons.In all kinds of wearing and tearing; Abrasive wear occupies an important position again; In the galling total amount, account for more than 50%; Wearing and tearing are many industrial sector ubiquities such as metallurgy, mine, machinery, electric power, coal, oil, traffic, military project and become a major reason that causes equipment failure or material damage, also are to cause one of maximum problem of financial loss.
The high-abrasive material of widespread use at present mainly contains three major types: 1. high mangaenese steel; 2. low, interalloy wear resisting steel: 3. rich chromium cast iron.High mangaenese steel is since 1882 come out, and the history in existing more than 100 year becomes traditional high-abrasive material, be widely used, China in the 50-6O age in 20th century almost high mangaenese steel as omnipotent high-abrasive material.Use in the practice and find that the wear resistance of high mangaenese steel is with good conditionsi, only impacting under the situation big, that stress is high, abrasive material is hard, high mangaenese steel is just wear-resisting.And its ys is low, easily deformable.Therefore, replaced by other high-abrasive material gradually in a lot of fields.Low, interalloy wear resisting steel is to be the basis with silicon, manganese, adds chromium, molybdenum and other trace element and grows up.Its alloy system is tied to the chromium of complicated component by the simple single manganese of composition system, silicon system, chromium system, chromium manganese. manganese. and silicon. molybdenum. the polynary composite system of other trace elements.Low, interalloy wear resisting steel has better strength and toughness, and the wear resistance under low, the middle shock load is superior to high mangaenese steel, but has hardening capacity and the low deficiency of hardenability, and wear resistance is relatively poor.Contain in the rich chromium cast iron tissue and surpass 20% high firmness eutectic carbides; Have excellent abrasive, still, have that alloying element content is high, production cost is high and high-temperature heat treatment is yielding and rimose is not enough; Ordinary white cast iron and low-alloy chilled cast iron carbide hardness are low; Carbide is continuous shape and distributes, and fragility is big, is prone in the use peel off even ftracture.
In addition, the domestic and international wear-resisting alloy steel majority of developing all contains expensive alloy element such as nickel, molybdenum at present, causes the wearable cast steel cost high, and competitive power weakens.Therefore, research and development a new generation high-abrasive material to reduce galling, has important meaning to national economy.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is: a kind of precious metal elements such as molybdenum, nickel, copper, vanadium that do not contain are provided, and are main alloy element with silicon, manganese, chromium, can make the high-strength abrasion-proof cast steel of wear resisting parts such as ball grinding machine lining board, excavator bucket teeth.
For addressing the above problem, technical scheme of the present invention is: the chemical ingredients of said cast steel and mass percent thereof are: C:0.2-0.6; Si:0.5-1.5; Mn:0.5-1.5; Cr:0.5-1.5; Ti:＜0.20; RE:＜0.20; B:＜0.015; Ca:＜0.15; Al:＜0.15.
Said cast steel is before thermal treatment, and its as-cast structure is perlite and ferritic, also contains a small amount of martensite.Under 950 ± 10 ℃, quench earlier; Again after carrying out temper under 200 ± 10 ℃; Its heat-treated sturcture of X-ray diffraction analysis is a lath martensite, under the high power transmission electron microscope, contains a large amount of nanocrystalline austenite films between said martensite lath; Its tensile strength is greater than 1550MPa, and impelling strength is greater than 90J/cm
2, fracture toughness property is greater than 80Mpa.m
1/2,, hardness is greater than 52HRC.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
Solved at present and made wearable cast steel as main alloy element, caused the high difficult problem of wear resistance castings cost with precious metal elements such as molybdenum, nickel.Providing a kind of is main alloy element cheapness, HS, high-wear-resistant alloy cast steel with cheap silicon, manganese.
Embodiment
The invention provides a kind of is main alloy element with low price silicon, manganese etc., can make the cheap high-strength abrasion-proof cast steel of wear resisting parts such as ball grinding machine lining board, excavator bucket teeth, and the chemical ingredients of its said cast steel and mass percent thereof are: C:0.2-0.6; Si:0.5-1.5; Mn:0.5-1.5; Cr:0.5-1.5; Ti:＜0.20; RE:＜0.20; B:＜0.015; Ca:＜0.15; Al:＜0.15.Wherein, the major function that each alloy had is:
Carbon (C): carbon content is high more, and the intensity of steel and hardness value increase, and plasticity and toughness index reduce;
Silicon (Si): reinforced ferrite, improve tensile strength and ys, improve thermotolerance and solidity to corrosion, reduce plasticity and toughness;
Manganese (Mn): improve intensity, hardness and wear resistance;
Chromium (Cr): reduce the thermal conductivity of steel, improve the wear resistance of steel;
Titanium (Ti): obvious refinement cast steel crystal grain, reduce dendritic segregation, improve the intensity and the toughness of steel, improve the wear resistance of steel;
Rhenium (Re): Re adds the effect that has desulfurization, degasification in the steel; And can change the sulfuration inclusion form to alleviate its harm in steel casting; The fine particle of rhenium and liquid reactant metal generation simultaneously, the forming core effect with accelerated solidification improves the molten steel purity; The restriction dendritic segregation, the impelling strength of raising steel;
Boron (B): boron adds in the steel as trace element, can significantly improve the hardening capacity of steel, in addition, in the compound adding steel of boron and titanium, can form tiny TiB
2, improve the intensity and the wear resistance of cast steel;
Calcium (Ca): calcium and oxygen have very big avidity, and the deoxidizing capacity of calcium is very strong, and molten steel is had good degassing effect.Calcium also has remarkable effect to inclusion in the cast steel rotten; Add an amount of calcium and can change the strip sulfide inclusion in the cast steel into globular CaS or (Ca; Mn) S is mingled with; An amount of calcium can also significantly reduce sulphur in the gathering partially of crystal boundary, and the hot-cracking resistance ten minutes was useful when calcium was cast with raising cast steel reducing cast steel fragility.
Aluminium (Al): increase the cast steel wear resisting property.
The cheap low-alloy wear-resistant steel of HS of the present invention; Under 950 ± 10 ℃, quench, after carrying out temper under 200 ± 10 ℃, its heat-treated sturcture of X-ray diffraction analysis is a lath martensite again; Under the high power transmission electron microscope; Contain a large amount of nanocrystalline austenite films between said martensite lath, its tensile strength is greater than 1550MPa, and impelling strength is greater than 90J/cm
2, fracture toughness property is greater than 80Mpa.m
1/2,, hardness is greater than 52HRC.
Announcement through above-mentioned alloy technology scheme is visible, and Medium Alloy Steel of the present invention has characteristics such as HS, high abrasion, low cost, is especially suitable for use as the wear resisting part of ball grinding machine lining board, grinder hammerhead, excavator bucket teeth and jaw crusher jaw.
Disclosed embodiment will obtain embodying and protection through claim, any according to the present invention in resulting enlightenment, among the scope that all falls into the present invention and protected.
Claims (5)
1. the cheap low-alloy wear-resistant steel of HS is characterized in that the chemical ingredients of its said daybreak steel and mass percent thereof are: C:0.2-0.6; Si:0.5-1.5; Mn:0.5-1.5; Cr:0.5-1.5; Ti:＜0.20; RE:＜0.20; B:＜0.015; Ca:＜0.15; Al:＜0.15.
2. low-alloy abrasion-proof fish sticking its mouth out of the water steel according to claim 1 is characterized in that: said cast steel after heat treatment, its tensile strength is greater than 1550MPa, impelling strength is greater than 90J/cm
2, fracture toughness property is greater than 80Mpa.m
1/2,, hardness is greater than 52HRC.
3. low-alloy wear-resistant steel according to claim 2 is characterized in that: said heat treatment process is: said cast steel quenches under 950 ± 10 ℃ earlier, under 200 ± 10 ℃, carries out temper again.
4. according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 described low-alloy wear-resistant steels, it is characterized in that: the as-cast structure of said cast steel is perlite and ferritic, also contains a small amount of martensite.
5. according to claim 2 or 3 described non-molybdenum non-nickel high-strength abrasion-proof cast steels; It is characterized in that: said cast steel after heat treatment; Its heat-treated sturcture of X-ray diffraction analysis is a lath martensite, under the high power transmission electron microscope, contains a large amount of nanocrystalline austenite films between said martensite lath.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2011104254821A CN102517499A (en) | 2011-12-19 | 2011-12-19 | High-strength and low-cost dilute alloy wear resistant cast steel |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2011104254821A CN102517499A (en) | 2011-12-19 | 2011-12-19 | High-strength and low-cost dilute alloy wear resistant cast steel |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102517499A true CN102517499A (en) | 2012-06-27 |
Family
ID=46288558
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2011104254821A Pending CN102517499A (en) | 2011-12-19 | 2011-12-19 | High-strength and low-cost dilute alloy wear resistant cast steel |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN102517499A (en) |
Cited By (22)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102965582A (en) * | 2012-12-10 | 2013-03-13 | 张家港市鼎力铸钢有限公司 | Low-cost wear-resistance cast steel |
| CN102978516A (en) * | 2012-11-09 | 2013-03-20 | 宁波嘉达精密铸造有限公司 | Excavator toothholder and preparation method thereof |
| CN103014558A (en) * | 2012-12-10 | 2013-04-03 | 张家港市鼎力铸钢有限公司 | High-hardness high-wearability alloy steel |
| CN103088260A (en) * | 2013-01-30 | 2013-05-08 | 宁国市东方碾磨材料有限责任公司 | Tooth hammer of flour mill and production process of tooth hammer |
| CN103114245A (en) * | 2013-02-03 | 2013-05-22 | 宁波华电铸钢有限公司 | Wear-resistant lining board and preparation method thereof |
| CN103194688A (en) * | 2013-03-28 | 2013-07-10 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Wear-resistant steel pipe and manufacture method thereof |
| CN103589971A (en) * | 2013-11-01 | 2014-02-19 | 宁波宇翔机械铸造有限公司 | Bucket tooth and production method thereof |
| CN103627960A (en) * | 2013-12-10 | 2014-03-12 | 南昌航空大学 | Wear-resistant cast steel |
| CN103866195A (en) * | 2012-12-14 | 2014-06-18 | 中国兵器工业第五二研究所 | Medium-carbon low-alloy boron-containing steel and heat treatment method thereof |
| CN103966519A (en) * | 2014-05-28 | 2014-08-06 | 晋城市宏创源耐磨材料有限公司 | CrMnSi wear-resistant cast steel lining plate and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN104087845A (en) * | 2014-06-24 | 2014-10-08 | 宁国市正兴耐磨材料有限公司 | Low alloy liner plate specialized for mine |
| CN104152820A (en) * | 2014-07-16 | 2014-11-19 | 安徽省三方耐磨股份有限公司 | Novel alloy lining plate |
| CN104152802A (en) * | 2014-07-16 | 2014-11-19 | 安徽省三方耐磨股份有限公司 | Novel ball mill abrasion-resistant lining plate |
| CN104818372A (en) * | 2015-05-05 | 2015-08-05 | 柳州金特新型耐磨材料股份有限公司 | Thermal-treatment method of wear-resistant bucket tooth for excavator |
| CN106987778A (en) * | 2017-04-07 | 2017-07-28 | 莒州集团有限公司 | Coal pulverizer is with new strike wheel plate |
| CN107858607A (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2018-03-30 | 攀钢集团江油长城特殊钢有限公司 | A kind of blooming mill universal spindle forked joint and preparation method thereof |
| CN109487177A (en) * | 2018-11-23 | 2019-03-19 | 江苏华洋电力机械制造有限公司 | Straightening plate with high-strength wear-resistant alloy steel |
| CN109695003A (en) * | 2017-10-20 | 2019-04-30 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | High-wear-resistance steel ball with excellent toughness and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN109797349A (en) * | 2019-03-26 | 2019-05-24 | 湖南力神新材料科技有限公司 | High-carbon Austria Bei Zhugang, preparation method and mining machinery wear-resistant material |
| CN111961977A (en) * | 2020-09-09 | 2020-11-20 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | HB500 grade high-wear-resistance thin steel plate and production method thereof |
| CN111979491A (en) * | 2020-09-09 | 2020-11-24 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | HB400 grade high-wear-resistance thin steel plate and production method thereof |
| CN112048672A (en) * | 2020-09-09 | 2020-12-08 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | HB 450-grade high-wear-resistance thin steel plate and production method thereof |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004359991A (en) * | 2003-06-03 | 2004-12-24 | Nippon Steel Corp | Method of manufacturing high-strength low-alloy boiler steel of excellent creep characteristic |
| CN101173343A (en) * | 2007-12-04 | 2008-05-07 | 北京工业大学 | High-strength abrasion-proof cast steel lining board and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN102260829A (en) * | 2010-05-28 | 2011-11-30 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | 500 HB wear resistant steel plate and its manufacturing method |
-
2011
- 2011-12-19 CN CN2011104254821A patent/CN102517499A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004359991A (en) * | 2003-06-03 | 2004-12-24 | Nippon Steel Corp | Method of manufacturing high-strength low-alloy boiler steel of excellent creep characteristic |
| CN101173343A (en) * | 2007-12-04 | 2008-05-07 | 北京工业大学 | High-strength abrasion-proof cast steel lining board and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN102260829A (en) * | 2010-05-28 | 2011-11-30 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | 500 HB wear resistant steel plate and its manufacturing method |
Cited By (29)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102978516A (en) * | 2012-11-09 | 2013-03-20 | 宁波嘉达精密铸造有限公司 | Excavator toothholder and preparation method thereof |
| CN103014558A (en) * | 2012-12-10 | 2013-04-03 | 张家港市鼎力铸钢有限公司 | High-hardness high-wearability alloy steel |
| CN102965582A (en) * | 2012-12-10 | 2013-03-13 | 张家港市鼎力铸钢有限公司 | Low-cost wear-resistance cast steel |
| CN103866195A (en) * | 2012-12-14 | 2014-06-18 | 中国兵器工业第五二研究所 | Medium-carbon low-alloy boron-containing steel and heat treatment method thereof |
| CN103088260A (en) * | 2013-01-30 | 2013-05-08 | 宁国市东方碾磨材料有限责任公司 | Tooth hammer of flour mill and production process of tooth hammer |
| CN103088260B (en) * | 2013-01-30 | 2015-08-05 | 宁国市东方碾磨材料有限责任公司 | A kind of tooth hammer of pulverizer |
| CN103114245A (en) * | 2013-02-03 | 2013-05-22 | 宁波华电铸钢有限公司 | Wear-resistant lining board and preparation method thereof |
| CN103114245B (en) * | 2013-02-03 | 2015-09-30 | 宁波华电铸钢有限公司 | A kind of abrasion-proof backing block and preparation method thereof |
| CN103194688B (en) * | 2013-03-28 | 2015-07-22 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Wear-resistant steel pipe and manufacture method thereof |
| CN103194688A (en) * | 2013-03-28 | 2013-07-10 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Wear-resistant steel pipe and manufacture method thereof |
| CN103589971A (en) * | 2013-11-01 | 2014-02-19 | 宁波宇翔机械铸造有限公司 | Bucket tooth and production method thereof |
| CN103589971B (en) * | 2013-11-01 | 2016-09-14 | 宁波宇翔机械铸造有限公司 | A kind of bucket tooth and manufacture method thereof |
| CN103627960A (en) * | 2013-12-10 | 2014-03-12 | 南昌航空大学 | Wear-resistant cast steel |
| CN103966519A (en) * | 2014-05-28 | 2014-08-06 | 晋城市宏创源耐磨材料有限公司 | CrMnSi wear-resistant cast steel lining plate and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN103966519B (en) * | 2014-05-28 | 2015-10-28 | 晋城市宏创源耐磨材料有限公司 | A kind of CrMnSi abrasion-proof cast steel lining board and preparation method thereof |
| CN104087845A (en) * | 2014-06-24 | 2014-10-08 | 宁国市正兴耐磨材料有限公司 | Low alloy liner plate specialized for mine |
| CN104152820A (en) * | 2014-07-16 | 2014-11-19 | 安徽省三方耐磨股份有限公司 | Novel alloy lining plate |
| CN104152802A (en) * | 2014-07-16 | 2014-11-19 | 安徽省三方耐磨股份有限公司 | Novel ball mill abrasion-resistant lining plate |
| CN104818372A (en) * | 2015-05-05 | 2015-08-05 | 柳州金特新型耐磨材料股份有限公司 | Thermal-treatment method of wear-resistant bucket tooth for excavator |
| CN106987778A (en) * | 2017-04-07 | 2017-07-28 | 莒州集团有限公司 | Coal pulverizer is with new strike wheel plate |
| CN109695003A (en) * | 2017-10-20 | 2019-04-30 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | High-wear-resistance steel ball with excellent toughness and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN107858607A (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2018-03-30 | 攀钢集团江油长城特殊钢有限公司 | A kind of blooming mill universal spindle forked joint and preparation method thereof |
| CN107858607B (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2019-11-22 | 攀钢集团江油长城特殊钢有限公司 | A kind of blooming mill universal spindle forked joint and preparation method thereof |
| CN109487177A (en) * | 2018-11-23 | 2019-03-19 | 江苏华洋电力机械制造有限公司 | Straightening plate with high-strength wear-resistant alloy steel |
| CN109797349A (en) * | 2019-03-26 | 2019-05-24 | 湖南力神新材料科技有限公司 | High-carbon Austria Bei Zhugang, preparation method and mining machinery wear-resistant material |
| CN111961977A (en) * | 2020-09-09 | 2020-11-20 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | HB500 grade high-wear-resistance thin steel plate and production method thereof |
| CN111979491A (en) * | 2020-09-09 | 2020-11-24 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | HB400 grade high-wear-resistance thin steel plate and production method thereof |
| CN112048672A (en) * | 2020-09-09 | 2020-12-08 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | HB 450-grade high-wear-resistance thin steel plate and production method thereof |
| CN112048672B (en) * | 2020-09-09 | 2021-12-24 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | HB 450-grade high-wear-resistance thin steel plate and production method thereof |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN102517499A (en) | High-strength and low-cost dilute alloy wear resistant cast steel | |
| CN102433506B (en) | High strength wear resistant cast steel free from molybdenum and nickel | |
| CN101497966B (en) | High-hardness hypereutectic high chromium, manganese, molybdenum and tungsten alloy wear resistant steel material and use thereof | |
| CN100434558C (en) | High-boron cast steel containing granular boride and preparing method thereof | |
| CN101775558B (en) | Fe-Cr-B cast abrasion-resistant alloy and manufacturing method thereof | |
| CN102383066B (en) | Abrasion resistant cast steel and preparation method thereof | |
| CN103060668B (en) | Carbide-containing ductile iron and its making method | |
| CN101469390A (en) | Wear resistant steel cast and method for manufacturing the same | |
| CN101260497A (en) | Boron-containing high-chromium abrasion-proof cast iron and preparation method thereof | |
| CN102517516A (en) | Composite microalloyed high impact energy cast steel and manufacturing method thereof | |
| CN105239014A (en) | Low-cost high-carbon medium-magnesium abrasion resisting steel and manufacturing method of hot rolled plate of low-cost high-carbon medium-magnesium abrasion resisting steel | |
| CN102230142A (en) | High manganese steel with ultra-high strength, high impact resistance and high abrasion resistance | |
| CN101550518A (en) | Boron-containing multi-element low alloy wear resistant cast steel and preparing method thereof | |
| CN1276113C (en) | High boron foundry iron base anti-wear alloy and its heat treatment method | |
| CN102443745A (en) | High-chromium alloy steel anti-abrasion liner | |
| CN103498109B (en) | Excavator bucket tooth and preparation method thereof | |
| CN103898419A (en) | Wear-resisting steel plate and manufacturing method thereof | |
| CN1385549A (en) | Intermediate carbon multielement low alloy wear-resistant casting steel | |
| CN101984122B (en) | Preparation method of low-alloy wear-resistant steel | |
| CN102978530A (en) | Multi-element alloy wear-resistant steel | |
| CN103556053A (en) | Economical low-alloy wear-resisting cast steel and thermal treatment technology thereof | |
| CN101270458B (en) | Metastable austenite abrasion-proof cast steel containing manganese-tungsten-aluminum | |
| CN101899626B (en) | Wear-resistant alloy cast steel | |
| CN102703819B (en) | Wear-resisting steel | |
| CN112680661B (en) | Alloy steel and preparation method thereof |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |
Application publication date: 20120627 |