CN103492209A - 具有三个马达、即电动机、液压马达和热力发动机的机动车辆以及管理车上储能的方法 - Google Patents

具有三个马达、即电动机、液压马达和热力发动机的机动车辆以及管理车上储能的方法 Download PDF

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CN103492209A
CN103492209A CN201280009514.2A CN201280009514A CN103492209A CN 103492209 A CN103492209 A CN 103492209A CN 201280009514 A CN201280009514 A CN 201280009514A CN 103492209 A CN103492209 A CN 103492209A
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energy
vehicle
hydraulic
stores
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CN103492209B (zh
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理查德·谢纳
多米尼克·德拉穆尔
阿兰·米克利塔瑞恩
奥利维尔·罗迪
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Automobile Manufacturing And Repairing Ah Er Bipai Company-Safra
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/08Prime-movers comprising combustion engines and mechanical or fluid energy storing means
    • B60K6/12Prime-movers comprising combustion engines and mechanical or fluid energy storing means by means of a chargeable fluidic accumulator
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48Parallel type
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48Parallel type
    • B60K2006/4808Electric machine connected or connectable to gearbox output shaft
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62Hybrid vehicles
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S903/00Hybrid electric vehicles, HEVS
    • Y10S903/902Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
    • Y10S903/903Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
    • Y10S903/96Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor having chargeable mechanical accumulator

Abstract

本发明涉及具有三个马达(即,电动机、液压马达和热力发动机)的机动车辆以及管理车上储存能量的方法。三个马达(19、25、15)特别用于驱动车辆,并分别与储存电能的装置(21)、储存液压能量的装置(28、29)和储存矿物能量的装置(18)相连接。热力发动机(15)布置成串联地连接,从而对储存液压能量的装置(28、29)充能量,但不对储存电能的装置(21)进行充电。在车辆行驶过程中,热力发动机(15)不对储存电能的装置(21)充电,其可对储存液压马达的液压能量的装置(28、29)充能量。

Description

具有三个马达、即电动机、液压马达和热力发动机的机动车辆以及管理车上储能的方法
技术领域
本发明领域是用以运输货物和乘客的陆上机动车辆,后一种车辆可以是客车和公共汽车。
背景技术
因此,装有轮子的机动车辆包括轮组,它们由马达组件通过传动轴和车轴驱动而转动。运行该马达组件有各种可能的能源。最常见的能源是由石油或柴油燃油构成的矿物能量,它们可用于内燃机。对于电动马达(电动机)来说,也可使用储存在电池或“超电容”内的电能。最后,对于液压马达来说,可使用加压流体(通常为油),加压流体被装在用以储存该液压能量的瓶子内。电池和超电容是可充电装置。同样地,流体瓶子也可通过以泵形式运行的液压马达或单独的泵进行再充灌。
应该清楚地指出的是,热力发动机也可用来驱动轮子以及对能量储存容器(即电池、超电容或流体瓶子)充电或再灌装。在第一种情形中,据说是并联连接的,而在第二种情形中,是串联连接的。
通常考虑铅蓄电池或镍镉电池作为储存电能的电池。然而,这些电池非常沉重和庞大。而且由于难于知道储存了多少能量,因此,常有过高估计储存能量的趋势,这对于车辆的能量效率是有害的。对于电动车辆来说,所有这些导致运行成本过高。
超电容就轻得多和小得多,但它们会非常快放完电,且非常昂贵。若热力发动机(发动机组)不串联的话,则难于想像它们如何可被开发利用。
在任何一种情形中,对电能储存容器的充电不是直截了当可行的,但对流体瓶子进行再充灌却很容易。
人们已经提出了混合型装置。
有了电动机辅助的热力发动机,如果电动机的电力很充足,那么,可用电动机启动车辆并以低速驱动车辆。在制动阶段期间,该类型的混合装置也是有利的,在该过程中电动机可用作为发电机。
有些制造商已经为车辆配装了包括热力发动机和液压泵/马达的组件。液压马达在启动时具有高性能,如上所述,不必提及其有效的能量回收。
最后,已有可能设想热/液压的混成,但要以极其周到考虑的方式实施。
热/电混成的局限性是明显的。现在为了克服这些局限性,并解决对储电容器充电的问题,本申请人有了这样的想法:将热/电混成(混合作用)和热/液压混成(混合作用)组合为一种更加先进的混成(混合作用)中,其可被称作三重混成。
发明内容
因此,本申请首先涉及一种陆上机动车辆,其包括:用以驱动车辆的电动机和用以储存电能的相关装置;用以驱动车辆的液压马达和用以储存液压能量的相关装置;以及热力发动机,该热力发动机带有储存矿物能量的装置,其布置成串联连接,并对储存液压能量的装置充液压能,但不是对与电力驱动的电动机相连的储存电能的装置充电。
本发明在好多个方面是显著的。首先,车辆包括用三种不同能源(矿物能、电能和热能)运行的马达组件。接下来,考虑到电力储存和液压储存之间的相似性,没有理由要求混合该两者。因为此缘故(且这是创造性的标志),就能够在行车过程中避免对储存电能的装置充电,但当车辆停在专用单位或汽车间时,保留有充电能力,因此解决了难于在车上充电的问题。
较佳地,热力发动机布置成作为车辆驱动马达也并联地连接。
在该情形中,车辆可有利地如下地运行。
车辆用液压马达来启动,这较佳地适于各种要求,并具有比其它低速驱动更佳的特性。
一旦车辆出发,电动机就开始工作:它并排运行,然后随着速度增加就替代了串联中的液压牵引。
运行保持令人满意,全面来说,电动机总体上效率高,且热耗散非常低。
在全功率时,热力发动机便可与电动机并排运行,或甚至完全替代电动机。
有利地,液压马达是泵马达,它也可与泵组合,而电动机(电动马达)是电动发电机。
本发明还涉及管理陆上机动车辆的车上储存能量的方法,该机动车辆包括:用以驱动车辆的电动机和用以储存电能的相关装置;用以驱动车辆的液压马达和用以储存液压能量的相关装置;以及热力发动机,发动机带有储存矿物能量的装置,根据本方法,当车辆在行车时,热力发动机不对储存电动机电能的装置进行充电,其能够对储存液压驱动马达的液压能量的装置充能量。
有利地,热力发动机可对用以储存运行车辆的辅助电动机(辅助电动马达)的电能的装置进行充电。
还为有利地是,当车辆减速时,液压马达运行,在泵马达的情形中,泵对储存液压能量的装置充能量,同时制动车辆。如果液压马达与泵组合,则泵运行,其对储存液压能量的装置充能量,同时制动车辆。
附图说明
参照附图,借助于以下对混合型车辆以及管理本发明车辆能量的方法的描述,将会更容易地理解本发明,附图中:
图1是车辆的功能性示意图;
图2A-2H是示出车辆八种运行模式的示意图;
图3是车辆一种可能的传统运行模式过程的示意图。
具体实施方式
参照图1,该图示出根据本发明的车辆的其中一个车轴1通过传动轴2用来驱动轮组3转动。车轴1本身受传动轴2和马达组件4控制,马达组件4包括热子组件5、电气子组件6和液压子组件7。
马达还包括用以运行车辆各个单元的辅助电子组件8,其包括辅助马达9和辅助电池10,这里为24V电池。
车辆可设置有如下的拖动:通过离合器11由热子组件5的牵引、通过离合器12由液压子组件7的牵引,以及通过离合器13由电子组件6的牵引。离合器11、12和13由辅助马达9提供动力。车轴1通过中间离合器14连接到离合器11、12,离合器14也由辅助马达9提供动力。轴2通过通过齿轮箱23连接到离合器13、14,通过齿轮箱23、离合器14及第二齿轮箱24连接到离合器11、12。
热力发动机子组件5
传统上,它包括热力牵引发动机15,在该发动机输出处,发动机15具有用以对辅助电池10充电的交流发电机16、发动机冷却系统17和化石燃料箱18。
电动机子组件6
传统上,它包括电动机(电动马达)19、管理模块20、受管理模块20控制的储存电能的电池21,以及由辅助马达9供应动力的冷却电动机的冷却系统22。
液压马达子组件7
它包括液压马达25(在本实例中马达25是泵马达)、油箱26以及在两者之间的主阀27。这里提供两个瓶子28、29用于储存液压能量,在本情形中为液压储能器,开关30介于它们和阀27之间。
齿轮箱23、24和离合器11-14的组件构成了轴向活塞单元31。
既然已经参照车辆主单元描述了其马达组件,现将表述车辆的运行。
参照图2A,车辆用液压马达25启动,液压马达在低速时具有最佳性能。离合器12和14啮合,而离合器11和13惰转。在该启动阶段结束时,车辆速度可达到20至25km/h。
参照图2B,一旦车辆出发,电动机19投入运行,一边运行一边牵引液压马达25。除了热力发动机的离合器11之外,所有离合器(12、13、14)啮合。车辆可在20至25km/h速度下继续前行。
参照图2C,一旦速度显著上升,电动机19替代了液压马达25。除了液压马达的离合器13之外,所有离合器(11、12、14)惰转。车辆可在50至55km/h速度下前行。
参照图2D,发动机4全速运行,热力发动机15同时运行电动机19。除了液压马达25的离合器12之外,所有离合器(11、13、14)啮合。车辆可在70km/h速度下前行。
参照图2E,在减慢的情形中,液压马达25作为泵运行,以便对储能器28、29充能量,同时制动车辆。离合器12和14啮合,另两个离合器11和13惰转。
参照图2F,电动机19对车辆提供牵引,此时离合器13啮合。热力发动机15用来对储能器28、29充能量;在该情形中,热力发动机串联连接。除了中间离合器14之外,所有离合器(11、12、13)啮合。
应该指出的是,热力发动机15串联连接仅可对储能器28、29充能量,而不对电力牵引电动机19的电池21充电。
参照图2G,对车辆的牵引是三重混合的,其由三个马达提供:液压马达25、电动机19和热力发动机15。所有离合器11-14都啮合。
最后,参照图2H,液压马达25和热力发动机15对车辆提供牵引。除了电动机19的离合器13之外,所有离合器(11、12、14)都啮合。
图3示出车辆在相当常规运行中的速度曲线图(速度单位km/h),其是所行距离d的函数。
阶段I(OA)是用液压马达25的液压启动阶段。在该阶段结束(CA)时,在其完成之前,电动机19启动(BA),同时,车辆大约以20km/h速度前行。当车辆速度达到30km/h(A)时,继续用该电动机19进行牵引(AD),直到速度达到大约50km/h(D)。如果要求继续提高速度的话,则可单独用热力发动机15的牵引力来代替电力牵引力(DF)。在该情形中,可节约电动机19的电池中电量。否则,在阶段III的情形中,保持恒速前行(DE),由电动机19和热力发动机15同时提供牵引。如果步骤DE的速度足够的话,则在车辆在阶段IV中前行的同时减速(EG),对储能器28、29充能量是令人满意的。但如果该步骤速度太低,则在减速的同时不再能确保储能器充能量的恢复,在该情形中,这些储能器由热力发动机15充能量。

Claims (9)

1.一种陆上机动车辆,其包括:用以驱动车辆的电动机(19)和用以储存电能的相关装置(21);用以驱动车辆的液压马达(25)和用以储存液压能量的相关装置(28、29);以及热力发动机(15),热力发动机带有储存矿物能量的装置(18),该装置布置成串联连接,并对储存液压能量的装置(28、29)充液压能,但不是对与电力驱动的电动机相连的储存电能的装置(21)充电。
2.如权利要求1所述的车辆,其特征在于,所述热力发动机(15)布置成也作为车辆驱动马达而并联连接。
3.如权利要求1和2中的一项所述的车辆,其特征在于,电动机(19)、液压马达(25)和热力发动机(15)通过三个离合器(13、12、11)分别连接到传动轴(2)。
4.如权利要求3所述的车辆,其特征在于,所述三个离合器(11-13)连同第四、中间离合器(14)和两个齿轮箱(23、24)形成了轴向活塞单元(31)。
5.如权利要求1至4中任一项所述的车辆,其特征在于,所述液压马达(25)是泵马达。
6.如权利要求1至5中任一项所述的车辆,其特征在于,所述电动机(19)是电动发电机。
7.一种管理陆上机动车辆的车上储存能量的方法,该机动车辆包括:用以驱动车辆的电动机(19)和用以储存电能的相关装置(21);用以驱动车辆的液压马达(25)和用以储存液压能量的相关装置(28、29);以及热力发动机(15),热力发动机带有储存矿物能量的装置(18),根据本方法,当车辆在行车时,热力发动机(15)不对储存电动机(19)电能的装置(21)进行充电,热力发动机能够对储存液压驱动马达(25)的液压能量的装置(28、29)充能量。
8.如权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于,根据该方法,由于液压马达(25)是泵马达,因此当车辆减速时,液压马达(25)作为泵运行,其对储存液压能量的装置(28、29)充能量,同时制动车辆(8)。
9.如权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于,根据该方法,所述液压马达与泵组合,所述泵运行,其对储存液压能量的装置(28、29)充能量,同时制动车辆。
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