CN103491357B - A kind of auto white balance treatment method of image sensor - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开一种图像传感器白平衡处理方法，主要为了提供一种适应各种场景的图像传感器的白平衡处理方法。本发明，所述方法包括：判断该图像上所有灰度颜色点的数量；若灰度颜色点的数量大于第一阈值，则采用灰度颜色点方法对图像进行白平衡矫正;若灰度颜色点的数量不大于第一阈值，则采用灰度颜色点方法得到的增益因子和灰度世界方法得到的增益因子的平均值对图像进行白平衡矫正。本发明提升相机在不同环境下的适应性的图像传感器的白平衡处理效果。
The invention discloses a white balance processing method of an image sensor, mainly to provide a white balance processing method of an image sensor suitable for various scenes. In the present invention, the method includes: judging the number of all gray-scale color points on the image; if the number of gray-scale color points is greater than the first threshold, then using the gray-scale color point method to correct the white balance of the image; if the gray-scale color points If the number of points is not greater than the first threshold, the image is corrected for white balance by using the average value of the gain factor obtained by the grayscale color point method and the gain factor obtained by the grayscale world method. The invention improves the white balance processing effect of the image sensor adaptable to different environments of the camera.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及图像处理技术领域，具体涉及一种图像传感器的白平衡处理方法。The invention relates to the technical field of image processing, in particular to a white balance processing method of an image sensor.
背景技术Background technique
当前安防行业进入到高清时代，采用百万级的CMOS传感器已是趋势。白平衡(AWB,AutoWhitebalance)是一种去除非正常颜色的过程。人眼可以很自然的根据当前色源色温来调整看到的物体颜色，而摄像机设备却往往很难实现完美的自动白平衡。正因为传感器不具有人眼的不同光照色温下的色彩恒定性，白平衡模块就需要将人眼看来白色的物体进行色彩的还原，使其在照片上也呈现为白色。The current security industry has entered the high-definition era, and it is a trend to adopt million-level CMOS sensors. White balance (AWB, AutoWhitebalance) is a process of removing abnormal colors. The human eye can naturally adjust the color of the object it sees according to the color temperature of the current color source, but it is often difficult for camera equipment to achieve perfect automatic white balance. Just because the sensor does not have the color stability of the human eye under different light color temperatures, the white balance module needs to restore the color of the object that the human eye sees as white, so that it also appears white in the photo.
传统的白平衡算法基于寻找环境中的白点的方法来设计，虽然大部分场景都能适用，但是在有强反光、环境中不具备白色点的时候，图像将不能实现白平衡功能，从而图像会出现偏色，从而影响了高清视频的使用。The traditional white balance algorithm is designed based on the method of finding the white point in the environment. Although it is applicable to most scenes, when there is strong reflection and there is no white point in the environment, the image will not be able to achieve the white balance function, so the image There will be a color cast, which affects the use of high-definition video.
发明内容Contents of the invention
针对上述问题，本发明提供一种改善偏色现象，提升相机在不同环境下的适应性的图像传感器的白平衡处理方法。In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a white balance processing method of an image sensor that improves the color cast phenomenon and improves the adaptability of the camera in different environments.
为达到上述目的，本发明图像传感器白平衡处理方法，所述方法包括：计算图像上所有像素点的色值，判断该图像上所有灰度颜色点的数量，若灰度颜色点的数量大于第一阈值，则采用灰度颜色点方法对图像进行白平衡矫正；In order to achieve the above object, the image sensor white balance processing method of the present invention, the method includes: calculating the color values of all pixels on the image, judging the number of all gray color points on the image, if the number of gray color points is greater than the first A threshold value, the gray color point method is used to correct the white balance of the image;
若灰度颜色点的数量不大于第一阈值，则采用灰度颜色点方法得到的增益因子和灰度世界方法得到的增益因子的平均值对图像进行白平衡矫正。If the number of grayscale color points is not greater than the first threshold, the image is corrected for white balance using the average value of the gain factor obtained by the grayscale color point method and the gain factor obtained by the grayscale world method.
进一步地，判断图像上所有灰度颜色点的数量的计算方法包括：计算图像像素点的色度值与亮度值比值的绝对值的和是否大于第二阈值T，计算公式如下：Further, the calculation method for judging the number of all grayscale color points on the image includes: calculating whether the sum of the absolute values of the ratios of the chromaticity value and the brightness value of the image pixel is greater than the second threshold T, and the calculation formula is as follows:
若F＜T，则该像素点是灰度颜色点；若F≥T，则该像素点不是灰度颜色点。If F<T, then the pixel point is a grayscale color point; if F≥T, then this pixel point is not a grayscale color point.
进一步地，所述灰度颜色点法对图像进行白平衡处理具体包括：Further, the grayscale color point method to perform white balance processing on the image specifically includes:
分别计算图像中像素点的三原色分量各自的均值Ravg、Gavg、Bavg；Calculate the mean values R avg , G avg , and B avg of the three primary color components of the pixels in the image respectively;
基于所述三原色分量的均值得到各个原色分量的增益因子，所述增益因子的计算公式如下：The gain factor of each primary color component is obtained based on the mean value of the three primary color components, and the calculation formula of the gain factor is as follows:
Rgw_gain＝Gavg/Ravg；Rgw_gain=G avg /R avg ;
Ggw_gain＝Gavg/Gavg； Ggw_gain =Gavg/ Gavg ;
Bgw_gain＝Gavg/Bavg； Bgw_gain =Gavg/ Bavg ;
其中，Rgw_gain为红颜色分量的增益因子；Among them, Rgw_gain is the gain factor of the red color component;
Ggw_gain为绿颜色分量的增益因子；Ggw_gain is the gain factor of the green color component;
Bgw_gain为蓝颜色分量的增益因子；Bgw_gain is the gain factor of the blue color component;
基于所述增益因子计算图像每个颜色分量矫正后的色值，令图像的R、G、B分量分别与对应的增益因子相乘，得到白平衡处理后图像，矫正公式如下：The corrected color value of each color component of the image is calculated based on the gain factor, and the R, G, and B components of the image are multiplied by the corresponding gain factors respectively to obtain the white balance processed image. The correction formula is as follows:
R_awb＝Rgw_gain*R；R_awb=Rgw_gain*R;
G_awb＝Ggw_gain*G；G_awb=Ggw_gain*G;
B_awb＝Bgw_gain*B；B_awb=Bgw_gain*B;
其中，R_awb为红颜色分量矫正后的色值；Among them, R_awb is the corrected color value of the red color component;
G_awb为绿颜色分量矫正后的色值；G_awb is the corrected color value of the green color component;
B_awb为蓝颜色分量矫正后的色值。B_awb is the corrected color value of the blue color component.
进一步地，所述的灰度颜色点方法得到的增益因子和灰度世界方法得到的增益因子的平均值对图像进行白平衡矫正的具体方法包括：Further, the specific method for correcting the white balance of the image by the average value of the gain factor obtained by the grayscale color point method and the gain factor obtained by the grayscale world method includes:
计算图像中全部像素点的图像颜色的三分量各自的均值Ravg、Gavg、Bavg；Calculate the mean values R avg , G avg , and B avg of the three components of the image color of all pixels in the image;
选取图像中的灰色像素点，分别计算所述灰色像素点的图像颜色三分量均值RΩ、GΩ、BΩ；Select the gray pixels in the image, and calculate the image color three-component mean values R Ω , G Ω , B Ω of the gray pixels respectively;
基于全部像素点的颜色分量的均值得到灰度颜色方法的红颜色和蓝颜色分量的增益因子Rgw_gain、Bgw_gain和基于全部灰色像素点的颜色分量的均值得到灰度世界方法的红颜色和蓝颜色分量的增益因子Rgr_gain、Bgr_gain，计算公式如下：Based on the mean value of the color components of all pixels, the gain factors Rgw_gain and Bgw_gain of the red and blue color components of the grayscale color method are obtained, and the red and blue color components of the grayscale world method are obtained based on the mean value of the color components of all gray pixels. The gain factors Rgr_gain, Bgr_gain, the calculation formula is as follows:
Rgw_gain＝Gavg/Ravg； Rgw_gain =Gavg/ Ravg ;
Bgw_gain＝Gavg/Bavg； Bgw_gain =Gavg/ Bavg ;
Rgr_gain＝GΩ/RΩ； Rgr_gain =GΩ/ RΩ ;
Bgr_gain＝GΩ/BΩ； Bgr_gain =GΩ/ BΩ ;
计算所述灰度颜色方法和灰度世界方法的各颜色分量的增益因子的平均值，得到最终的颜色分量的增益因子，计算公式如下：Calculate the average value of the gain factor of each color component of the grayscale color method and the grayscale world method to obtain the final gain factor of the color component, and the calculation formula is as follows:
Rfinal_gain＝avg(Rgw_gain，Rgr_gain)；Rfinal_gain = avg(Rgw_gain, Rgr_gain);
Bfinal_gain＝avg(Bgw_gain，Bgr_gain)；Bfinal_gain = avg(Bgw_gain, Bgr_gain);
其中，Rfinal_gain为最终的红颜色分量的增益因子；Among them, Rfinal_gain is the gain factor of the final red color component;
Bfinal_gain为最终的蓝颜色分量的增益因子；Bfinal_gain is the gain factor of the final blue color component;
基于所述最终的颜色分量的增益因子计算图像红、蓝颜色分量矫正后的色值，令图像的R、B分量分别与对应的最终的颜色分量的增益因子相乘，得到白平衡处理后图像，矫正公式如下：Calculate the corrected color values of the red and blue color components of the image based on the gain factors of the final color components, and multiply the R and B components of the image by the corresponding gain factors of the final color components to obtain the white balance processed image , the correction formula is as follows:
R_awb＝Rfinal_gain*R；R_awb=Rfinal_gain*R;
B_awb＝Bfinal_gain*B；B_awb=Bfinal_gain*B;
其中，R_awb为红颜色分量矫正后的色值；Among them, R_awb is the corrected color value of the red color component;
B_awb为蓝颜色分量矫正后的色值。B_awb is the corrected color value of the blue color component.
本发明图像传感器白平衡处理方法，结合了灰度世界法简单快速和灰度世界方法在灰点很多时的偏差小的优点，避免了有大单色块物体存在时，但是当图像场景颜色并不丰富，灰度世界法出现比较大的偏差,如果图像的灰度很少或者没有灰点时，而基于灰度颜色点法会出现比较大的偏差的缺陷，大大的提升了相机在不同色温环境下，不同场景下的色彩还原，使得高清图像色彩更加鲜艳，正确。The white balance processing method of the image sensor of the present invention combines the advantages of the simple and fast gray-scale world method and the small deviation of the gray-scale world method when there are many gray points, and avoids the existence of large single-color block objects, but when the image scene color does not match Not rich, the grayscale world method has a relatively large deviation. If the grayscale of the image is few or no gray points, the grayscale color point method will have a relatively large deviation defect, which greatly improves the camera's performance in different color temperatures. Under the environment, the color reproduction in different scenes makes the color of high-definition images more vivid and correct.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明图像传感器白平衡处理方法的流程图。FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a white balance processing method for an image sensor of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合说明书附图对本发明做进一步的描述。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
通过大量的统计发现，一个自然场景往往包含有大量的灰度颜色点，如物体的影子。我们所称的灰色颜色点是指RGB分量相等的点，其值记为R,G,B。在标准光源照射条件下，灰度颜色点呈现为很纯的灰色。在非标准色温照射下，这些灰色点颜色会随着光源色温的不同发生不同的偏移，低色温下偏红，高色温下偏蓝。灰度颜色点由于光源照射引起的微小的颜色代表了整幅图像的偏离程序，可以用来准确估计色温。Through a large number of statistics, it is found that a natural scene often contains a large number of grayscale color points, such as the shadow of an object. The gray color point we call refers to the point where the RGB components are equal, and its value is recorded as R, G, B. Under standard lighting conditions, a grayscale color point appears as a very pure gray. Under the illumination of non-standard color temperature, the color of these gray points will shift differently with the color temperature of the light source, reddish at low color temperature, and blue at high color temperature. Gray-scale color points The tiny colors caused by light source illumination represent the deviation of the whole image and can be used to accurately estimate the color temperature.
如图1所示，本实施例图像传感器白平衡处理方法，所述方法包括：计算图像上所有像素点的色值，判断该图像上所有灰度颜色点的数量，若灰度颜色点的数量大于第一阈值，则采用灰度颜色点方法对图像进行白平衡矫正；As shown in Figure 1, the image sensor white balance processing method of this embodiment includes: calculating the color values of all pixel points on the image, and judging the number of all grayscale color points on the image, if the number of grayscale color points greater than the first threshold, the grayscale color point method is used to correct the image for white balance;
若灰度颜色点的数量不大于第一阈值，则采用灰度颜色点方法得到的增益因子和灰度世界方法得到的增益因子的平均值对图像进行白平衡矫正。If the number of grayscale color points is not greater than the first threshold, the image is corrected for white balance using the average value of the gain factor obtained by the grayscale color point method and the gain factor obtained by the grayscale world method.
进一步地，本实施例中，判断图像上所有灰度颜色点的数量的计算方法包括：计算图像像素点的色度值与亮度值比值的绝对值的和是否大于第二阈值T，计算公式如下：Further, in this embodiment, the calculation method for judging the number of all grayscale color points on the image includes: calculating whether the sum of the absolute value of the ratio of the chromaticity value and the brightness value of the image pixel is greater than the second threshold T, and the calculation formula is as follows :
若F＜T，则该像素点是灰度颜色点；If F<T, the pixel is a grayscale color point;
若F≥T，则该像素点不是灰度颜色点。If F≥T, the pixel is not a grayscale color point.
进一步地，本实施例中，所述灰度颜色点法对图像进行白平衡处理具体包括：Further, in this embodiment, the grayscale color point method to perform white balance processing on the image specifically includes:
分别计算图像中像素点的三原色分量各自的均值Ravg、Gavg、Bavg；基于所述三原色分量的均值得到各个原色分量的增益因子，所述增益因子的计算公式如下：Calculate the mean values R avg , G avg , and B avg of the three primary color components of the pixels in the image respectively; obtain the gain factor of each primary color component based on the mean values of the three primary color components, and the calculation formula of the gain factor is as follows:
Rgw_gain＝Gavg/Ravg； Rgw_gain =Gavg/ Ravg ;
Ggw_gain＝Gavg/Gavg； Ggw_gain =Gavg/ Gavg ;
Bgw_gain＝Gavg/Bavg； Bgw_gain =Gavg/ Bavg ;
其中，Rgw_gain为红颜色分量的增益因子；Among them, Rgw_gain is the gain factor of the red color component;
Ggw_gain为绿颜色分量的增益因子；Ggw_gain is the gain factor of the green color component;
Bgw_gain为蓝颜色分量的增益因子；Bgw_gain is the gain factor of the blue color component;
基于所述增益因子计算图像每个颜色分量矫正后的色值，令图像的R、G、B分量分别与对应的增益因子相乘，得到白平衡处理后图像，矫正公式如下：The corrected color value of each color component of the image is calculated based on the gain factor, and the R, G, and B components of the image are multiplied by the corresponding gain factors respectively to obtain the white balance processed image. The correction formula is as follows:
R_awb＝Rgw_gain*R；R_awb=Rgw_gain*R;
G_awb＝Ggw_gain*G；G_awb=Ggw_gain*G;
B_awb＝Bgw_gain*B；B_awb=Bgw_gain*B;
其中，R_awb为红颜色分量矫正后的色值；Among them, R_awb is the corrected color value of the red color component;
G_awb为绿颜色分量矫正后的色值；G_awb is the corrected color value of the green color component;
B_awb为蓝颜色分量矫正后的色值。B_awb is the corrected color value of the blue color component.
进一步地，本实施例中，所述的灰度颜色点方法得到的增益因子和灰度世界方法得到的增益因子的平均值对图像进行白平衡矫正的具体方法包括：Further, in this embodiment, the specific method of correcting the white balance of the image using the average value of the gain factor obtained by the grayscale color point method and the gain factor obtained by the grayscale world method includes:
计算图像中全部像素点的图像颜色的三分量各自的均值Ravg、Gavg、Bavg；选取图像中的灰色像素点，分别计算所述灰色像素点的图像颜色三分量均值RΩ、GΩ、BΩ；Calculate the mean values R avg , G avg , B avg of the three components of the image color of all pixels in the image; select the gray pixels in the image, and calculate the mean values R Ω and G Ω of the image colors of the gray pixels respectively , BΩ ;
基于全部像素点的颜色分量的均值得到灰度颜色方法的红颜色和蓝颜色分量的增益因子Rgw_gain、Bgw_gain和基于全部灰色像素点的颜色分量的均值得到灰度世界方法的红颜色和蓝颜色分量的增益因子Rgr_gain、Bgr_gain，计算公式如下：Based on the mean value of the color components of all pixels, the gain factors Rgw_gain and Bgw_gain of the red and blue color components of the grayscale color method are obtained, and the red and blue color components of the grayscale world method are obtained based on the mean value of the color components of all gray pixels. The gain factors Rgr_gain, Bgr_gain, the calculation formula is as follows:
Rgw_gain＝Gavg/Ravg；Rgw_gain=G avg /R avg ;
Bgw_gain＝Gavg/Bavg； Bgw_gain =Gavg/ Bavg ;
Rgr_gain＝GΩ/RΩ； Rgr_gain =GΩ/ RΩ ;
Bgr_gain＝GΩ/BΩ； Bgr_gain =GΩ/ BΩ ;
计算所述灰度颜色方法和灰度世界方法的各颜色分量的增益因子的平均值，得到最终的颜色分量的增益因子，计算公式如下：Calculate the average value of the gain factor of each color component of the grayscale color method and the grayscale world method to obtain the final gain factor of the color component, and the calculation formula is as follows:
Rfinal_gain＝avg(Rgw_gain，Rgr_gain)；Rfinal_gain = avg(Rgw_gain, Rgr_gain);
Bfinal_gain＝avg(Bgw_gain，Bgr_gain)；Bfinal_gain = avg(Bgw_gain, Bgr_gain);
其中，Rfinal_gain为最终的红颜色分量的增益因子；Among them, Rfinal_gain is the gain factor of the final red color component;
Bfinal_gain为最终的蓝颜色分量的增益因子；Bfinal_gain is the gain factor of the final blue color component;
基于所述最终的颜色分量的增益因子计算图像红、蓝颜色分量矫正后的色值，令图像的R、B分量分别与对应的最终的颜色分量的增益因子相乘，得到白平衡处理后图像，矫正公式如下：Calculate the corrected color values of the red and blue color components of the image based on the gain factors of the final color components, and multiply the R and B components of the image by the corresponding gain factors of the final color components to obtain the white balance processed image , the correction formula is as follows:
R_awb＝Rfinal_gain*R；R_awb=Rfinal_gain*R;
B_awb＝Bfinal_gain*B；B_awb=Bfinal_gain*B;
其中，R_awb为红颜色分量矫正后的色值；Among them, R_awb is the corrected color value of the red color component;
B_awb为蓝颜色分量矫正后的色值。B_awb is the corrected color value of the blue color component.
其中第二阈值，此值由大量的实验得出，一般为图像所有像素的1/20。本发明图像传感器白平衡处理方法，结合了灰度世界法简单快速和灰度世界方法在灰点很多时的偏差小的优点，避免了有大单色块物体存在时，但是当图像场景颜色并不丰富，灰度世界法出现比较大的偏差,如果图像的灰度很少或者没有灰点时，而基于灰度颜色点法会出现比较大的偏差的缺陷，大大的提升了相机在不同色温环境下，不同场景下的色彩还原，使得高清图像色彩更加鲜艳，正确。Among them, the second threshold, which is obtained from a large number of experiments, is generally 1/20 of all pixels in the image. The white balance processing method of the image sensor of the present invention combines the advantages of the simple and fast gray-scale world method and the small deviation of the gray-scale world method when there are many gray points, and avoids the existence of large single-color block objects, but when the image scene color does not match Not rich, the grayscale world method has a relatively large deviation. If the grayscale of the image is few or no gray points, the grayscale color point method will have a relatively large deviation defect, which greatly improves the camera's performance in different color temperatures. Under the environment, the color reproduction in different scenes makes the color of high-definition images more vivid and correct.
以上，仅为本发明的较佳实施例，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求所界定的保护范围为准。The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention are all Should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be defined by the claims.
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| CN107404640B (en) * | 2016-05-20 | 2018-12-25 | 北京集创北方科技股份有限公司 | The white balance correcting and digital imaging device of digital imaging device |
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| CN107920242B (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2019-08-16 | 努比亚技术有限公司 | A kind of optimization method of automatic white balance, terminal and computer readable storage medium |
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