CN103488633A - Network electronic map information processing method - Google Patents

Network electronic map information processing method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103488633A
CN103488633A CN201210190293.5A CN201210190293A CN103488633A CN 103488633 A CN103488633 A CN 103488633A CN 201210190293 A CN201210190293 A CN 201210190293A CN 103488633 A CN103488633 A CN 103488633A
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China
Prior art keywords
hot spot
spot region
grid base
base map
network electronic
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CN201210190293.5A
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CN103488633B (en
Inventor
胡联奎
廖浩均
秦辉
程振林
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BEIJING TEAMSUN INFORMATION CO LTD
Beijing Zhongke Tongtu Information Technology Co Ltd
Beijing Teamsun Technology Co Ltd
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BEIJING TEAMSUN INFORMATION CO LTD
Beijing Zhongke Tongtu Information Technology Co Ltd
Beijing Teamsun Technology Co Ltd
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Publication of CN103488633A publication Critical patent/CN103488633A/en
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F16/00Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
    • G06F16/90Details of database functions independent of the retrieved data types
    • G06F16/95Retrieval from the web
    • G06F16/953Querying, e.g. by the use of web search engines
    • G06F16/9537Spatial or temporal dependent retrieval, e.g. spatiotemporal queries
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F16/00Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
    • G06F16/20Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor of structured data, e.g. relational data
    • G06F16/29Geographical information databases

Abstract

The invention provides a network electronic map information processing method. The method comprises the following steps that a server sets extension geographical key information of a hot spot region in a grid base map file of a network electronic map; the server sets an extension field for storing the extension geographical key information in the grid base map file serving as a basic map layer of the electronic map, and stores the extension geographical key information into the extension field of the grid base map file; a client requests to obtain the grid base map file from a server side, analyzes the grid base map file, makes arrangement, sets the hot spot region of the network electronic map by using the acting range of the hot spot region of the extension geographical key information in the grid base map file, and stores geographical information data in the extension geographical key information in the network electronic map; the client triggers the hot spot region by using a mouse trigger event and displays related geographical information data on the network electronic map. The network electronic map information processing method has very high compatibility, cost can be reduced, and efficiency can be increased.

Description

The network electronic map information processing method
Technical field
The present invention relates to the network map technical field of information processing, particularly relate to a kind of network electronic map information processing method.
Background technology
Along with the development of network technology, people have utilized Geographic Information System (Geographic Information System, GIS) that the Map Service of multiple format and content is provided more.
In grille picture and the geographical key element service that can inquire about combine the system of network electronic map service are provided, can inquire about the form performance that geographical key element adopts rasterizing, adopt the multistage grille picture of different scale to show the cartographic information under different resolution, multistage rasterize layer is called base map layers or the base map of electronic map system, the information that the base map layers of multistage rasterizing comprises, the geographical key message that can inquire about, normally the basis geography information, for example: administrative division, highway, railway, national highway, river, lake, residential block, tourist attractions, the information such as important commercial port/shop.These information contents are used name identification on base map layers more, and this part information content is referred to as key element (or title " important point of interest (Points of Interests, POI) ") information and related information thereof, is referred to as geographical key message.
In prior art, key element information Direct Mark is on the electronic chart base map layers, and the key element information comprised on it comprises: position and title.The zone covered by the key element arranged on base map layers is hot spot region.When user's mouse is positioned at hot spot region, by click, obtain key element information corresponding to this hot spot region.
But, for the web electric map system that hot spot region demonstration key element information is set, need to obtain required extraneous information parameter while showing key element information, the position of hot spot region can be set, and the data content be associated with hot spot region, the information parameter that prior art is extra for these, usually adopt Separate Storage, that is: grid electron map file and associated hot spot region descriptor parameter Separate Storage, this mode needs the hot spot region descriptor, the descriptor transmission mechanism, the structure close-coupled of Map Service just can complete key element and markup information shows.
And the relatively low key element of other importance, related information as key element information, comprise the other guide and the information that are associated with key element information, as text contents such as phone, address, detailed description, evaluation etc., normally, directly do not identify/be plotted on base map layers, but can obtain by the mode of server/customer end (B/S) inquiry when the user browses map, then dynamically be labeled on base map layers.
Normally, at first the process of related information inquiry needs the keyword of user input query, then associated with the backstage searching system of Map Service website (client), need (server) to the back-end dynamically to ask the related information of given keyword and show.
In sum, in prior art, for the processing of geographical key message, increase storage space and the complicacy of network electronic map, it has reduced processing speed and the efficiency of network electronic map, and cost is high, efficiency is low, time-consuming.
Summary of the invention
Based on this, be necessary the problem for prior art, a kind of network electronic map information processing method is provided, it has good compatibility, can reduce costs, raise the efficiency.
A kind of network electronic map information processing method for realizing that the object of the invention provides, comprise the steps:
Step S100, the extend geographic key message of the hot spot region of the grid base map file of Servers installed and network electronic map;
Step S200, server arranges the extended field of the geographical key message of Memory Extension in the grid base map file of the base map layers as electronic chart, the extend geographic key message is deposited in this extended field of grid base map file;
Step S300, client is by after obtaining grid base map file to the server end request, resolve this grid base map file and arranged, utilize the reach of the hot spot region of the extend geographic key message in grid base map file that the hot spot region of network electronic map is set, and the geographic information data in the extend geographic key message is stored in network electronic map;
Step S400, client is utilized the mouse trigger event to trigger hot spot region and show associated geographic information data on network electronic map.
Preferably, described extend geographic key message is { hot spot region parameter, geographic information data };
Described hot spot region parameter, the reach in focus zone, mean only just to trigger in the scope of effective coverage the mouse presented event, shows the described geographic information data be associated with this effective coverage;
The described geographic information data associated with hot spot region is the geographical key message be associated with the reach of hot spot region with the storage of pre-set text form.
Preferably, described step S200 comprises the steps:
Step S210, in raster file, be provided for storing the tEXt/zTXt field of geographic information data, and the form of storage geographic information data is the key/value form, and the data encoding format of storage meets the ISO/IEC8859-1 standard, and text size is unrestricted;
Wherein: the key representative is for the key word embedding field expression information, and key word can not repeat, unique in Single document, and key takes the form of with the character string forms storage hereof, and length is not limit;
Value represents the content information that key indicates, and with the form of character text, exists, for storing key message expansion content;
Step S220, write the tEXt/zTXt field by geographic information data.
Preferably, described step S300 comprises the steps:
Step S310, the network electronic map of client browser is according to the outsourcing block diagram information Box (MinX, MinY, MaxX, MaxY) of current display window, and show layers progression information, reads the grid base map file of loading to server request;
Step S320, after server obtains client-requested, from the grid base map file of storage, retrieval obtains under the show layers rank being positioned at outsourcing block diagram information Box (MinX, MinY, MaxX, MaxY) the whole grid base map files that meet request of scope under covering.
Step S330, obtain meeting the grid base map file transfer of request to client by retrieval;
Step S340, the network electronic map of client browser, after receiving the next grid base map file of server transmission, is arranged the grid base map according to the order of grid base map filename at display window;
Step S350, the extend geographic key message in grid base map file is resolved and extracted to client, utilize the reach of the hot spot region of the extend geographic key message in grid base map file that the hot spot region overlay of network electronic map is set, and store in network electronic map by the geographic information data in the extend geographic key message and be associated with hot spot region.
Preferably, in described step S350, client is resolved grid base map file and hot spot region overlay is set, and comprises the steps:
Step S351, read the grid base map file data that is delivered to client;
Step S352, read the content comprised in tEXt/zTXt field wherein;
Step S353, resolve the hot spot region parameter rect and the geographic information data info content that wherein comprise;
Step S354, arrange position and the pop-up window displaying contents of hot spot region overlay according to acquired information, the corresponding hot spot region overlay in each hot spot region, and its overlay area is that the hot spot region parameter rect in information text determines; After mouse is clicked, the pop-up window information content of triggering is the content of geographic information data info;
Step S355, close the grid base map file of opening;
Step S356, repeat until all grid base map files that are transferred to client of finishing dealing with.
Preferably, described step S340, also comprise the steps:
Step S341, after client gets grid base map file, filter out the hot spot region information of repetition.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: the present invention is a kind of network electronic map information processing method, it has expanded the geographical key message of network electronic map, make geographical key message not need extra supporting document and system at Map Service device end, and it does not need additionally to obtain and resolve the hot spot region parameter information, do not affect the use of network electronic map, its content of storing is to the network electronic map user transparent, can provide seamless upgrade and access to use, there is good compatibility, can reduce well the development and maintenance cost of network electronic map, effectively improve the work efficiency of network electronic map.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with concrete drawings and the specific embodiments, the present invention is further elaborated.
Fig. 1 is a kind of network electronic map information processing method of embodiment of the present invention process flow diagram;
The extend geographic key message data structure format schematic diagram that Fig. 2 is the embodiment of the present invention;
The exemplary plot of the grid base map file association geographic information data that Fig. 3 is the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the relational format exemplary plot in Fig. 3;
Fig. 5 is the data instance figure that the extend geographic key message data in Fig. 2 embed the grid base map;
A kind of embodiment process flow diagram that Fig. 6 a ~ Fig. 6 c is step S300 in Fig. 1;
A kind of embodiment process flow diagram that Fig. 7 a ~ Fig. 7 d is step S400 in Fig. 1.
Embodiment
Referring to Fig. 1, as a kind of embodiment, a kind of network electronic map information processing method of the embodiment of the present invention, comprise the steps:
Step S100, the extend geographic key message of the hot spot region of the grid base map file of Servers installed and network electronic map;
Wherein, described extend geographic key message content is { hot spot region parameter, geographic information data }.
As a kind of embodiment, described extend geographic key message data structure format as shown in Figure 2.Described extend geographic related information comprises the content of two following aspects: the 1) reach of hot spot region, i.e. focus region parameter; 2) geographic information data associated with hot spot region.
Wherein 1) reach of hot spot region, the focus region parameter, mean only just to trigger in the scope of effective coverage the mouse presented event, the geographic information data that demonstration is associated with this effective coverage.
Preferably, as a kind of embodiment, the value of described reach is for showing the minimum boundary rectangle of the geographic information data that it is associated;
2) geographic information data associated with hot spot region is the geographical key message be associated with the reach of hot spot region with the storage of pre-set text form.
The geographic information data of each one or several hot spot region of grid base map file association.For example, corresponding to the geographic information data of Fig. 3, its concrete form as shown in Figure 4.
Rect:{1 wherein, 0.5,3,1.7} is the reach (in this zone, click the mouse and will trigger and show associated geographic information data) of the hot spot region in coordinate range.
The form of rect is rect:{x axle minimum value, y axle minimum value, x axle maximal value, y axle maximal value }, info field thereafter is the geographic information data of storage and demonstration.
In the embodiment of the present invention, described server is the server end with key element query capability, it has by network the ability as the grille picture of electronic chart base map layers to client transmissions, it can provide the grid base map file that appointment figure level is other, specify viewing area to cover for client, these grid base map files are base map layers of electronic map system, can browse and obtain corresponding information in client for the user.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the extend geographic key message of the hot spot region of the grid base map file of the setting of server by utilizing electronic mapping system and network electronic map, the electronic mapping system embeds the expansion content of key element information in rasterizing base map layers file, and the client content of text wherein embedded of only need to decoding just can be set up the key element hot spot region that can click in client.
Step S200, server arranges the extended field of the geographical key message of Memory Extension at the grid base map file of the base map layers as electronic chart, the extend geographic key message is deposited in this extended field of grid base map file.
As a kind of embodiment, in the embodiment of the present invention, described step S200 comprises the steps:
Step S210, in grid (PNG) file, the tEXt/zTXt field that is provided for storing geographic information data, the form of storage geographic information data is the key/value form, the data encoding format of storage meets ISO/IEC 8859-1 standard, and text size is unrestricted.
Wherein: the key representative is for the key word embedding field expression information, and key word can not repeat, unique in Single document, and key takes the form of with the character string forms storage hereof, and length is not limit.
Value represents the particular content information that key indicates, and with the form of character text, exists, and stores concrete key message expansion content by the value field in embodiments of the present invention.
Step S220, used geographic information data to support program or the development library (as the storehouse libpng that increases income) of read-write grid (PNG) to write the tEXt/zTXt field.
In the network electronic map information processing method of the embodiment of the present invention, there is not the store data structure with grid base map file association in client, the geographic information data be associated with the hot spot region of grid base map file adopts the default form that meets ISO/IEC 8859-1 standard, be embedded in the grid base map file of supporting text to embed, as shown in Figure 5.
Step S300, client is by after obtaining grid base map file to the server end request, resolve this grid base map file and arranged, utilize the reach of the hot spot region of the extend geographic key message in grid base map file that the hot spot region of network electronic map is set, and the geographic information data in the extend geographic key message is stored in network electronic map.
Client is set up overlay figure layer after using document analysis program or development library to extract grid base map file Chinese version information on grid base map layer.Each hot spot region corresponding overlay figure layer, each overlay figure layer arranges the response events that mouse skims over and clicks.
Preferably, as a kind of embodiment, described step S300 comprises the steps:
Step S310, the network electronic map of client browser (as IE 7.0, IE7++, FixFox, Chrome, Safari, Opera browser) is according to the outsourcing block diagram information Box (MinX of current display window, MinY, MaxX, MaxY), and show layers progression information, read the grid base map file of loading to server request;
Network electronic map reads loading grating map base map file according to outsourcing block diagram information and show layers progression information request, is a kind of prior art, therefore, in embodiments of the present invention, describes in detail no longer one by one.
Step S320, after server obtains client-requested, from the grid base map file of storage, retrieval obtains under the show layers rank being positioned at outsourcing block diagram information Box (MinX, MinY, MaxX, MaxY) the whole grid base map files that meet request of scope under covering.
Step S330, obtain meeting the grid base map file transfer of request to client, shown in Fig. 6 a by retrieval;
Step S340, the network electronic map of client browser, after receiving the next grid base map file of server transmission, is arranged the grid base map according to the order of grid base map filename at display window.
Step S350, client is resolved grid and is extracted the extend geographic key message in grid base map file, utilize the reach of the hot spot region of the extend geographic key message in grid base map file the hot spot region overlay(of network electronic map to be set as Fig. 6 b), and store in network electronic map by the geographic information data in the extend geographic key message and be associated with hot spot region.
Extend geographic key message in grid base map file reads out after grid base map file is got client, then the mode with sequence list is stored in client, and set up index index, network electronic map carrys out the extend information in unique identification and reading order table with this index index.Utilize the reach of the hot spot region of the extend geographic key message in grid base map file that the hot spot region overlay of network electronic map is set, each overlay is stored in sequence list as a dom element, and store in network electronic map by the geographic information data in the extend geographic key message and be associated with hot spot region.
As a kind of embodiment, described client is resolved grid base map file and hot spot region overlay is set, and as shown in Fig. 6 c, comprises the steps:
Step S351, used program or the development library of electronic mapping system to read grid base map file (PNG form) data that are delivered to client;
It is a kind of prior art that the program of described electronic mapping system or development library read grid base map file data, therefore, in embodiments of the present invention, describes in detail no longer one by one.
Step S352, read the content comprised in tEXt/zTXt field wherein;
Step S353, resolve the hot spot region parameter rect and the geographic information data info content that wherein comprise;
Step S354, arrange position and the pop-up window displaying contents of hot spot region overlay according to acquired information, the corresponding hot spot region overlay in each hot spot region, and its overlay area is that the hot spot region parameter rect in information text determines; After mouse is clicked, the pop-up window information content of triggering is the content of geographic information data info;
Step S355, close the grid base map file of opening;
Step S356, repeat until all grid base map files that are transferred to client of finishing dealing with.
Preferably, as a kind of embodiment, described step S340, also comprise the steps:
Step S341, after client gets grid base map file, filter out the hot spot region information of repetition.
Be stored in a plurality of grid base map files at the extend geographic key message, corresponding geographic information data is stored in adjacent a plurality of grid base map files simultaneously, after client gets these files, filters out the hot spot region information of repetition., solved like this hot spot region across the file storage drafting integrity issue while not exclusively being included in current body of a map or chart.After client gets these files, can resolve and filter out the hot spot region information of repetition, guaranteed each hot spot region unique corresponding overlay on map.
Step S400, client is utilized the mouse trigger event to trigger hot spot region and show associated geographic information data on network electronic map.
Hot spot region overlay(DOM element) mean the certain limit of network electronic map form, because network electronic map has the ability of identification mouse, when mouse moves in the scope of DOM element representation, network electronic map monitors mouse event, trigger mouse event, show hot spot region and show associated geographic information data information.
The data decision of the reach of the hot spot region of the overlay area of hot spot region Overlay in the extend geographic key message, the response that mouse moves is triggered by network electronic map.
In the embodiment of the present invention, when this mouse being set moving to this zone, trigger mouse event, show the mouse response mode of associated geographic information data.For example, after mouse moves to this zone, the hot spot region overlay figure floor height of corresponding hot spot region is bright, and the prompting user can click herein; After the user clicks, overlay figure layer ejects bubble, and the information of demonstration is the content of corresponding geographic information data, as shown in Fig. 7 a ~ Fig. 7 d.
Wherein, Fig. 7 (a) arranges hot spot region overlay and hot spot region overlay is set and the process of corresponding geographic information data triggering for reading the grille picture text message.
Fig. 7 (b), (c), (d) monitor and the information procedure for displaying for mouse event.
Because the base map layers of grid electron map is cut into the grid base map file of several equal sizes, may occur that the extend geographic key message respectively is stored in a part in a plurality of grid base map files by the situation of extend geographic key message cutting.Its corresponding geographic information data is stored in adjacent a plurality of grid base map files simultaneously, network electronic map arranges a plurality of and the extend geographic key message hot spot region overlay that is mutually related, when mouse event triggers one of them hot spot region overlay, also trigger a plurality of overlay that are associated, thereby show whole geographic information datas.
Network electronic map information processing method of the present invention, because the extend geographic key message storage arranged is very limited for given segment, as a kind of preferably embodiment, described single extend geographic key message memory space is less than 50 bytes.The extend geographic key message number that same grid base map file holds is also comparatively limited, and the single grid base map file of take is forgiven the extend geographic key message as 20 calculating, and the descriptor content of increase is less than 1kb.Grille picture with respect to the 128*128 size, increase content of text minimum, basically the calculation of can ignoring, can significantly not increase load and the expense of transmission, it does not need special database to manage, and only need be kept in internal memory temporarily, thereby can effectively reduce the memory space of network electronic map, improve the travelling speed of electronic chart, effectively improved the work efficiency of network electronic map.Simultaneously, the extend geographic key message that comprises hot spot region information by storage in grid base map file, simplify the service logic of rear end back-up system, do not need to safeguard the hot spot region information be associated with grid base map file, and it makes geographical key message not need extra supporting document and system at Map Service device end, and it does not need additionally to obtain and resolve the hot spot region parameter information, do not affect the use of network electronic map, its content of storing is to the network electronic map user transparent, can provide seamless upgrade and access to use, there is good compatibility, can reduce well the development and maintenance cost of network electronic map, effectively improve the work efficiency of network electronic map.
The embodiment of the present invention will comprise the extend geographic key message hot spot region of hot spot region information and content association is embedded is stored in grid base map file.After being transferred to client, if do not resolve the content wherein comprised, grid base map file use and in full accord when there is no embedded text information.If the text message that client resolve to embed, can convenient the constructing and the hot spot region that can trigger in client, by mouse, clicks and just can realize the extend information demonstration.It has good compatibility.For the grid format file that can support that text embeds, the extend geographic key message is embedded in grid base map file to the information integral storage that grid base map file is associated with it; By client to the grille picture file decoding, thereby realize the transmission of text message.Its complete compatible existing network Map Service system, decode by client, can realize obtaining by mouse click event the relevant information of key element, and this process does not trigger the query script for POI information, in client, completes fully; Promote the efficiency of processing procedure, do not need mutual with service end.Can directly be applied in based on grille picture and combine and provide in the system of network electronic map service with the geographical key element service that can inquire about simultaneously.
The above embodiment has only expressed several embodiment of the present invention, and it describes comparatively concrete and detailed, but can not therefore be interpreted as the restriction to the scope of the claims of the present invention.It should be pointed out that for the person of ordinary skill of the art, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, can also make some distortion and improvement, these all belong to protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, the protection domain of patent of the present invention should be as the criterion with claims.

Claims (7)

1. a network electronic map information processing method, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
Step S100, the extend geographic key message of the hot spot region of the grid base map file of Servers installed and network electronic map;
Step S200, server arranges the extended field of the geographical key message of Memory Extension in the grid base map file of the base map layers as electronic chart, the extend geographic key message is deposited in this extended field of grid base map file;
Step S300, client is by after obtaining grid base map file to the server end request, resolve this grid base map file and arranged, utilize the reach of the hot spot region of the extend geographic key message in grid base map file that the hot spot region of network electronic map is set, and the geographic information data in the extend geographic key message is stored in network electronic map;
Step S400, client is utilized the mouse trigger event to trigger hot spot region and show associated geographic information data on network electronic map.
2. network electronic map information processing method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described extend geographic key message is { hot spot region parameter, geographic information data };
Described hot spot region parameter, the reach in focus zone, mean only just to trigger in the scope of effective coverage the mouse presented event, shows the described geographic information data be associated with this effective coverage;
The described geographic information data associated with hot spot region is the geographical key message be associated with the reach of hot spot region with the storage of pre-set text form.
3. network electronic map information processing method according to claim 2, is characterized in that, the value of described reach is for showing the minimum boundary rectangle of the geographic information data that it is associated.
4. according to the described network electronic map information processing method of claims 1 to 3 any one, it is characterized in that, described step S200 comprises the steps:
Step S210, in raster file, be provided for storing the tEXt/zTXt field of geographic information data, and the form of storage geographic information data is the key/value form, and the data encoding format of storage meets the ISO/IEC8859-1 standard, and text size is unrestricted;
Wherein: the key representative is for the key word embedding field expression information, and key word can not repeat, unique in Single document, and key takes the form of with the character string forms storage hereof, and length is not limit;
Value represents the content information that key indicates, and with the form of character text, exists, for storing key message expansion content;
Step S220, write the tEXt/zTXt field by geographic information data.
5. according to the described network electronic map information processing method of claims 1 to 3 any one, it is characterized in that, described step S300 comprises the steps:
Step S310, the network electronic map of client browser is according to the outsourcing block diagram information Box (MinX, MinY, MaxX, MaxY) of current display window, and show layers progression information, reads the grid base map file of loading to server request;
Step S320, after server obtains client-requested, from the grid base map file of storage, retrieval obtains under the show layers rank being positioned at outsourcing block diagram information Box (MinX, MinY, MaxX, MaxY) the whole grid base map files that meet request of scope under covering.
Step S330, obtain meeting the grid base map file transfer of request to client by retrieval;
Step S340, the network electronic map of client browser, after receiving the next grid base map file of server transmission, is arranged the grid base map according to the order of grid base map filename at display window;
Step S350, the extend geographic key message in grid base map file is resolved and extracted to client, utilize the reach of the hot spot region of the extend geographic key message in grid base map file that the hot spot region overlay of network electronic map is set, and store in network electronic map by the geographic information data in the extend geographic key message and be associated with hot spot region.
6. network electronic map information processing method according to claim 5, is characterized in that, in described step S350, client is resolved grid base map file and hot spot region overlay is set, and comprises the steps:
Step S351, read the grid base map file data that is delivered to client;
Step S352, read the content comprised in tEXt/zTXt field wherein;
Step S353, resolve the hot spot region parameter rect and the geographic information data info content that wherein comprise;
Step S354, arrange position and the pop-up window displaying contents of hot spot region overlay according to acquired information, the corresponding hot spot region overlay in each hot spot region, and its overlay area is that the hot spot region parameter rect in information text determines; After mouse is clicked, the pop-up window information content of triggering is the content of geographic information data info;
Step S355, close the grid base map file of opening;
Step S356, repeat until all grid base map files that are transferred to client of finishing dealing with.
7. network electronic map information processing method according to claim 5, is characterized in that, described step S340, also comprise the steps:
Step S341, after client gets grid base map file, filter out the hot spot region information of repetition.
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