CN103487174A - Electric energy calibration device of gas calorimeter - Google Patents
Electric energy calibration device of gas calorimeter Download PDFInfo
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- CN103487174A CN103487174A CN201310398729.4A CN201310398729A CN103487174A CN 103487174 A CN103487174 A CN 103487174A CN 201310398729 A CN201310398729 A CN 201310398729A CN 103487174 A CN103487174 A CN 103487174A
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Abstract
An electric energy calibration device of a gas calorimeter is characterized in that a thermal flowmeter assembly A, a direct current stabilized voltage supply, a standard resistor and two high-precision digital voltmeters are included, a heating cable is arranged on the thermal flowmeter assembly, the heating cable and the standard resistor are connected in series between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the direct current stabilized voltage supply, and a high-precision heating digital voltmeter and a high-precision resistor digital voltmeter are respectively connected in parallel on the heating cable and the standard resistor. The thermal flowmeter assembly further comprises an outer barrel, inner barrels, a stirrer, a glass combustor, a standard platinum resistor thermometer and a thermistor thermometer. The inner barrels are arranged outside the outer barrel at intervals. The stirrer, the glass combustor, the standard platinum resistor thermometer and the thermistor thermometer are arranged in the inner barrels. The heating cable is wound on the outer surface of the glass combustor. The electric energy calibration device is good in accuracy of measuring effect and small in uncertainty.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to fuel gases calorific value measuring equipment field, relate to more specifically a kind of power calibration device of gas calorimeter.For the calibration gas calorimeter, the calorimetric thermal capacity of mensurated gas composition.
Background technology
Energy measurement of natural gas replaces traditional volume metering gradually, can measure more accurately the energy that rock gas comprises, and is conducive to trade settlement, technological design and production safety.The main implementation of energy measurement of natural gas is by the calorific value of online gas chromatographic measurement unit volume rock gas, again by the flowmeter survey gas discharge, finally according to unit volume calorific value and flow, carry out integration, obtain passing through in a period of time the gross thermal value of the rock gas of pipeline.
Except online gas chromatography, also can use the calorific value of gas calorimeter measuring unit volume combustion gas.Gas calorimeter is measured the calorific value of combustion gas by direct combustion gas.Measuring object comprises rock gas, coal gas, coal-seam gas, biogas and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) etc.Common gas heat is in respect of two kinds, i.e. flow type gas calorimeter and Culter-Hammer gas calorimeter.The flow type gas calorimeter utilizes current heat absorption mode to measure calorific value, i.e. combustion gas enters Bunsen burner continuous burning, releases heat under constant pressure; Carrying out sufficient heat interchange with the continuous constant temperature current in calorimeter raises water flow temperature; Finally can calculate fuel gases calorific value according to the volume of the quality that flows through calorimetric water in the set time, temperature rise, specific heat and combustion gas.The Culter-Hammer calorimeter utilizes air heat absorption mode to measure calorific value, and combustion gas continuous burning releases heat carries out sufficient heat interchange with continuous air flow airflow temperature is raise in calorimeter; Finally can calculate according to the volume of the volume that flows through calorimetric air in the set time, temperature rise, specific heat and combustion gas the calorific value of combustion gas.
The flow type gas calorimeter need to be calibrated with the methane gas of known calorific value, the modifying factor of determining instrument; While measuring fuel gases calorific value, according to volume and the modifying factor of the quality that flows through calorimetric water in the set time, temperature rise, specific heat, combustion gas, accurately calculate fuel gases calorific value.Same, the Culter-Hammer calorimeter also needs by the methane gas of known calorific value and the calibration of other mixed gass, the modifying factor of determining instrument under different temperature conditions; While measuring fuel gases calorific value, according to the volume that flows through calorimetric air, temperature rise, specific heat, combustion gas volume and modifying factor, accurately calculate the calorific value of combustion gas.
Above-mentioned two kinds of calorimeters adopt the gas calibration of known calorific value, and the uncertainty of Instrument correction factor is in (0.1%～1%) scope.
Except above-mentioned two kinds of common continuous burning calorimeters, also has a kind of oxygen bomb formula gas calorimeter of intermittent combustion.In oxygen bomb formula gas calorimeter, in the oxygen bomb that combustion gas and oxygen are sealed, after ignition, heat is absorbed by oxygen bomb and water on every side thereof, finally can calculate according to the volume of the calorimetric thermal capacity of oxygen bomb, calorimetric temperature rise and combustion gas the calorific value of combustion gas.The oxygen bomb calorimeter adopts the benzoic acid calorific value standard substance calibration of known calorific value, measures its thermal capacity.The uncertainty of thermal capacity is 0.1%.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of power calibration device, for calibrating the calorimetric thermal capacity of high-precision gas, thus the Accurate Determining fuel gases calorific value.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows: a kind of power calibration device, it is characterized in that, comprise calorimeter assembly, D.C. regulated power supply, measuring resistance and two high accuracy number voltage tables, the calorimeter assembly is provided with heating cables, this heating cables and measuring resistance are connected between the both positive and negative polarity of D.C. regulated power supply, and the heating cables two ends are connected the high accuracy number voltage table separately with standard resistor at two terminals.
Described calorimeter assembly also comprises urceolus, inner core, stirrer, glass burner, standard platinum resistance thermometer and compensation by thermistor, inner core is located in urceolus equally spacedly, be provided with stirrer, glass burner, standard platinum resistance thermometer and compensation by thermistor in inner core, at the outside surface of glass burner, be wound around described heating cables.
Described calorimetric urceolus is made by stainless steel, the inside surface polishing; Urceolus is immersed in deionized water, controls water temperature by radiator valve constant in 27.000 ℃; Described calorimeter inner core is made by stainless steel, the outside surface polishing; Inner tank theca and outer tube inner wall spacing 10mm; Inner core is full of deionized water, and the initial temperature of water is 23.0 ℃ of left and right.
Described heating cables forms by inside and outside three layers, and internal layer is the heating element that nickel-chrome is made, and heating element is comprised of the cold junction at two ends and middle hot junction, and the line resistance of cold junction is 0.6 Ω/m, and middle hot junction line resistance is 12.5 Ω/m; Middle level is high density mineral insulation powder, and skin is the protective seam of being made by nichrome; The all-in resistance of heating cables is about 46.7 Ω, and overall length is about 4m; Each connects the two ends of heating cables and draws respectively with one section copper conductor.
Described glass burner is made by pyroceram; The resistance value of described standard platinum resistance thermometer is 25 Ω, uses the high precision direct current bridge to measure its resistance, calculates thus the inner core water temperature; Standard platinum resistance thermometer and high precision direct current bridge are examined and determine through metrological service, make temperature measurement result temperature survey uncertainty in 23 ℃～27 ℃ scopes be less than 0.001K; Compensation by thermistor is measured the inner core water temperature, and according to the measurement result of the measurement result correction compensation by thermistor of platinum-resistance thermometer, in 23 ℃～27 ℃ scopes, the temperature survey uncertainty is less than 0.005K.
The maximum output voltage of described D.C. regulated power supply is 50V; The resistance value of described measuring resistance is 25 Ω, and the uncertainty of resistance is less than 2.5 * 10
-4Ω; The precision of described 2 number of units word voltage tables is eight and half, measures respectively the voltage of heating cables and standard resistor at two terminals; The uncertainty of the voltage measurements of digital voltmeter is less than 0.4mV.
The advantage that the present invention adopts is: can effectively improve the accuracy of gas calorimeter thermal capacity, uncertainty is little.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the composition structural representation of power calibration device;
Fig. 2 is the circuit diagram of power calibration device;
Fig. 3 is the temperature measurement result schematic diagram of power calibration.
Embodiment
Referring to Fig. 1-Fig. 3, a kind of power calibration device of the present invention, it is characterized in that, comprise calorimeter assembly A, D.C. regulated power supply 8, measuring resistance 9 and two high accuracy number voltage tables 10 and 11, described calorimeter assembly A comprises heating cables 3, urceolus 6, inner core 1, stirrer 2, glass burner 7, standard platinum resistance thermometer 4 and compensation by thermistor 5, inner core 1 is located in urceolus 6 equally spacedly, be provided with stirrer 2 in inner core 1, glass burner 7, standard platinum resistance thermometer 4 and compensation by thermistor 5, outside surface at glass burner 7 is wound around described heating cables 3.
Described calorimetric urceolus 6 is made by stainless steel, the inside surface polishing; Urceolus is immersed in deionized water, controls water temperature by radiator valve constant in 27.000 ℃; Described calorimeter inner core 1 is made by stainless steel, the outside surface polishing; Inner tank theca and outer tube inner wall spacing 10mm; Inner core is full of deionized water, and the initial temperature of water is 23.0 ℃ of left and right.
Described heating cables 3 (this heating cables purchase French Thermocoax company) forms by inside and outside three layers, internal layer is the heating element that nickel-chrome is made, heating element is comprised of the cold junction at two ends and middle hot junction, the line resistance of cold junction is 0.6 Ω/m, and middle hot junction line resistance is 12.5 Ω/m; Middle level is high density mineral insulation powder, and skin is the protective seam of being made by nichrome; The all-in resistance of heating cables is about 46.7 Ω, and overall length is about 4m; Each connects the two ends of heating cables 3 and draws respectively with one section copper conductor.
Described glass burner 7 is made by pyroceram; The resistance value of described standard platinum resistance thermometer is 25 Ω, uses the high precision direct current bridge to measure its resistance, calculates thus the inner core water temperature; Standard platinum resistance thermometer 3 and high precision direct current bridge are examined and determine through metrological service, make temperature measurement result temperature survey uncertainty in 23 ℃～27 ℃ scopes be less than 0.001K; Compensation by thermistor 5 is measured the inner core water temperatures, and according to the measurement result of the measurement result correction compensation by thermistor of platinum-resistance thermometer, in 23 ℃～27 ℃ scopes, the temperature survey uncertainty is less than 0.005K.
The maximum output voltage of described D.C. regulated power supply is 50V; The resistance value of described measuring resistance 9 is 25 Ω, and the uncertainty of the resistance of measuring resistance 9 is less than 2.5 * 10
-4Ω; Described two number of units word voltage tables 10 and 11 precision are eight and half, measure respectively the voltage of heating cables and standard resistor at two terminals; The uncertainty of the voltage measurements of digital voltmeter is less than 0.4mV.
At first, do Preparatory work of experiment work.Ji is opened radiator valve, and making the outer water temperature of urceolus 6 constant is 27.000 ℃.Be filled with the 4300.00g deionized water in inner core 1.The connecting line of stirrer 2, heating cables 3, platinum-resistance thermometer 4 and compensation by thermistor 5 is installed.Platinum-resistance thermometer is connected to high precision measuring temperature electric bridge 12.Compensation by thermistor is connected to digital voltmeter 13.The gas piping interface of connection glass burner 7, make combustion gas and oxygen can enter burner, and tail gas can be discharged burner.By the two ends of heating cables 3, each is connected with direct supply 8 and measuring resistance 9 with one section copper conductor, uses other two wires in parallel with digital voltmeter 11, and measuring resistance 9 two ends are in parallel with digital voltmeter 10 with wire.Above-mentioned stirrer 2, the thermometric digital voltmeter 10 and 11 of high precision electric bridge 12 and digital voltmeter 13, heating cables 3 and measuring resistance 9, and direct supply 8, all be connected with industrial control computer, thereby realize data transmission and action control.
Secondly, carry out power calibration.Regulate inner core water temperature to 23.0 ℃ left and right.Ji is moved stirrer.The temperature value of industrial control computer continuous recording platinum-resistance thermometer 4 and compensation by thermistor 5.As shown in Figure 3, inner core 1 coolant-temperature gage slowly raises, and in 40min left and right temperature, is increased to 23.3 ℃ of left and right.Calculate the temperature measurement result of platinum-resistance thermometer 4 and compensation by thermistor 5, platinum-resistance thermometer 4 measurement results of take are true value, calculate the modified value of compensation by thermistor 5, and compensation by thermistor 5 is revised in real time.Start direct supply 8, to the constant heating current of heating cables 3 output.Magnitude of voltage on two number of units word voltage tables 10 and 11 difference real time record heating cables 3 and measuring resistance 9.Heating power is about 46w, accurately is controlled at 1200s heat time heating time.As shown in Figure 3, the inner core water temperature raises fast.While ending, close direct supply 8 heat time heating time, stops gathering the reading of digital voltmeter 10 and 11, continues to gather platinum-resistance thermometer 4 and compensation by thermistor 5 temperature measurement result.As shown in Figure 3, the inner core water temperature slowly raises.Stop the collecting temperature result after about 1h.The power calibration experimentation finishes.
Again, calculate total thermoelectric power that adds.The gross energy of electric energy heating calculates according to following formula.
In formula: W is the gross energy of electric energy heating, J;
T is electrically heated T.T., 1200s;
I is instantaneous heating current, A;
E
2the instantaneous voltage on heating cables 3, V;
E
1the instantaneous voltage on measuring resistance 9, V;
R
sthe resistance value of measuring resistance 9, Ω.
Again, calculate calorimetric temperature rise.Calorimetric temperature rise is calculated according to following formula.
Δθ
corr＝θ
e-θ
b+Δθ (2)
In formula: Δ θ
corr.calorimetric temperature rise, K;
θ
ethe calorimeter temperature in latter stage, K;
θ
bthe temperature at calorimeter initial stage, K;
Δ θ is the temperature correction term calculated according to inner core 1 and urceolus 6 heat interchange, K.
Due to the temperature of urceolus 6 temperature higher than inner core 1, so urceolus 6 transmits hot-fluid by heat exchange pattern to inner core 1, and inner core 1 temperature variation caused thus means with correction term Δ θ.Δ θ is according to the cold auspicious side's formula that goes law to derive of foundation newton, by the real time temperature of inner core 1 and urceolus 6, is calculated.
Again, calculate calorimetric thermal capacity.Calorimetric standard initial state thermal capacity is calculated according to following formula.
In formula: ε
sibe calorimetric standard initial state thermal capacity, be called for short thermal capacity, J/K.
Finally, the uncertainty of evaluation calorimeter thermal capacity.Through evaluation, consider the category-A uncertainty from thermal capacity measurement result repeatability, and from the category-B uncertainty outside measurement result repeatability, at electrical heating power, be finally 46w, be 1200s heat time heating time, total heat energy is 55kJ, and the calorimeter temperature rise is about in the situation of 3.2K, the relative expanded uncertainty (U of thermal capacity
r(ε
si)) be about 0.02% (k=2).
The computing formula of calorimeter measurement gas calorific value is:
the purpose of calibration is measured thermal capacity exactly; After having surveyed thermal capacity, then the measurement gas calorific value, light combustion gas, measure calorimeter temperature rise (Δ θ
corr.) and gaseous mass (m), then just can computing heating value.Could do I plan to describe the device that calorimeter is measured calorific value in detail in the 3rd piece of patent, therefore do not do introduction herein,? if mandatory declaration, how under the prerequisite that does not affect novelty, supplemental content?)
The above device of the power calibration to a kind of gas calorimeter provided by the invention is described in detail, applied specific case herein principle of the present invention and embodiment are set forth, the explanation of above embodiment is just for helping to understand method of the present invention and core concept thereof.It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, can also carry out some improvement and modification to the present invention, these improvement and modification also fall in the protection domain of the claims in the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. the power calibration device of a gas calorimeter, it is characterized in that, comprise calorimeter assembly, D.C. regulated power supply, measuring resistance and two high accuracy number voltage tables, the calorimeter assembly is provided with heating cables, this heating cables and measuring resistance are connected between the both positive and negative polarity of D.C. regulated power supply, and the heating cables two ends are connected the high accuracy number voltage table separately with standard resistor at two terminals.
2. the power calibration device of gas calorimeter according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described calorimeter assembly also comprises urceolus, inner core, stirrer, glass burner, standard platinum resistance thermometer and compensation by thermistor, inner core is located in urceolus equally spacedly, be provided with stirrer, glass burner, standard platinum resistance thermometer and compensation by thermistor in inner core, at the outside surface of glass burner, be wound around described heating cables.
3. the power calibration device of gas calorimeter according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described calorimetric urceolus is made by stainless steel, the inside surface polishing; Urceolus is immersed in deionized water, controls water temperature by radiator valve constant in 27.000 ℃; Described calorimeter inner core is made by stainless steel, the outside surface polishing; Inner tank theca and outer tube inner wall spacing 10mm; Inner core is full of deionized water, and the initial temperature of water is 23.0 ℃ of left and right.
4. the power calibration device of gas calorimeter according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described heating cables forms by inside and outside three layers, internal layer is the heating element that nickel-chrome is made, heating element is comprised of the cold junction at two ends and middle hot junction, the line resistance of cold junction is 0.6 Ω/m, and middle hot junction line resistance is 12.5 Ω/m; Middle level is high density mineral insulation powder, and skin is the protective seam of being made by nichrome; The all-in resistance of heating cables is about 46.7 Ω, and overall length is about 4m; Each connects the two ends of heating cables and draws respectively with one section copper conductor.
5. the power calibration device of gas calorimeter according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described glass burner is made by pyroceram; The resistance value of described standard platinum resistance thermometer is 25 Ω, uses the high precision direct current bridge to measure its resistance, calculates thus the inner core water temperature; Standard platinum resistance thermometer and high precision direct current bridge are examined and determine through metrological service, make temperature measurement result temperature survey uncertainty in 23 ℃～27 ℃ scopes be less than 0.001K; Compensation by thermistor is measured the inner core water temperature, and according to the measurement result of the measurement result correction compensation by thermistor of platinum-resistance thermometer, in 23 ℃～27 ℃ scopes, the temperature survey uncertainty is less than 0.005K.
6. the power calibration device of gas calorimeter according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the maximum output voltage of described D.C. regulated power supply is 50V; The resistance value of described measuring resistance is 25 Ω, and the uncertainty of resistance is less than 2.5 * 10
-4Ω; The precision of described 2 number of units word voltage tables is eight and half, measures respectively the voltage of heating cables and standard resistor at two terminals; The uncertainty of the voltage measurements of digital voltmeter is less than 0.4mV.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106770455A (en) * | 2016-12-05 | 2017-05-31 | 西南科技大学 | A kind of new combustion heat determination method |
| CN108020352A (en) * | 2017-12-14 | 2018-05-11 | 合肥金星机电科技发展有限公司 | The temperature calibration method of Non-contacting Infrared Thermometer |
| CN108195481A (en) * | 2018-01-26 | 2018-06-22 | 兰州大学 | A kind of strain fermentation temperature measuring equipment and method with self-diagnostic function |
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| CN101122538A (en) * | 2006-08-09 | 2008-02-13 | 天津市津南区凯达电子有限公司 | Calibration device for heat meter |
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Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106770455A (en) * | 2016-12-05 | 2017-05-31 | 西南科技大学 | A kind of new combustion heat determination method |
| CN108020352A (en) * | 2017-12-14 | 2018-05-11 | 合肥金星机电科技发展有限公司 | The temperature calibration method of Non-contacting Infrared Thermometer |
| CN108195481A (en) * | 2018-01-26 | 2018-06-22 | 兰州大学 | A kind of strain fermentation temperature measuring equipment and method with self-diagnostic function |
| CN108195481B (en) * | 2018-01-26 | 2024-03-08 | 兰州大学 | Strain fermentation temperature measuring device with self-diagnosis function and strain fermentation temperature measuring method |
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Application publication date: 20140101 |