CN103484142A - Method for preparing aromatic hydrocarbon through co-catalytic pyrolysis of biomass and plastic - Google Patents
Method for preparing aromatic hydrocarbon through co-catalytic pyrolysis of biomass and plastic Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for preparing aromatic hydrocarbon through co-catalytic pyrolysis of biomass and a plastic. The method is characterized in that liquid aromatic hydrocarbon is synthesized through catalytic fast pyrolysis by using the biomass and the plastic as raw materials, an HZSM-5 molecular sieve as a catalyst, nitrogen as a carrier gas and a catalytic pyrolysis instrument as a reactor. Preferably, cellulose and polyethylene serve as raw materials and an HZSM-5 molecular sieve dipped with 5% of gallium serves as a catalyst, so that the yield of the aromatic hydrocarbon product is increased. According to the method, the carbon deposit and deactivation rate of the molecular sieve catalyst in the catalytic fast pyrolysis reaction can be slowed down; the gas generated in the reaction process can be used as liquefied petroleum gas after separation treatment; the production process is clean, and solid wastes and secondary pollution cannot be caused; and reaction equipment of a small-sized chemical plant can be used for performing continuous production.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to biomass resource utilization, specifically, relate to a kind of biomass and plastics and be total to the method that catalyse pyrolysis prepares aromatic hydrocarbons.
Background technology
Catalysis fast pyrolysis technology (Catalytic fast pyrolysis, CFP) is widely used in the standby biofuel technique of biomass-making.The reaction mechanism of lignocellulose biomass in catalysis fast pyrogenation process: (1) biomass cracking is small molecules oxygenatedchemicals (as furans, furfural, phenol etc.); (2) reaction generation aromatic hydrocarbons and the gas hydrocarbon products such as deoxidation, diene synthesis, aromizing occur in oxygenatedchemicals on molecular sieve catalyst.Yet lignocellulose can generate a large amount of charcoals in the catalyse pyrolysis conversion process.These charcoals easily are deposited on surface and the duct of molecular sieve, cause the molecular sieve rapid deactivation.According to above characteristics, the catalysis fast pyrolysis process of lignocellulose has the defects such as transformation efficiency is low, production cost is high, is unfavorable for the extensive utilization of biomass resource.
Lignocellulose biomass is a kind of raw material that is rich in oxygen, lacks hydrogen.In lignocellulose CFP reaction, the oxygenatedchemicals that lacks hydrogen can not be by effective elimination oxygen, thereby cause the generation of charcoal.At present, it is co-fed with biomass that the investigator mainly chooses the compound (as alcohol, alkene) that is rich in hydrogen, improves aromatics yield, suppresses the carbon deposit generation.
Zhang etc. have studied pine and the common catalyse pyrolysis reaction of low-carbon alcohol on the HZSM-5 molecular sieve.Result of study shows: (1) adopts low-carbon alcohol and the pine of being rich in hydrogen co-fed, can improve the aromatic hydroxy compound yield, reduces the coke deposit rate of molecular sieve; (2) carbon in the product molecular structure consists of jointly the carbon of low-carbon alcohol and pine.Therefore, the catalyse pyrolysis reaction that low-carbon alcohol is biomass provides hydrogen source, increase output (the Huiyan Zhang of high added value compound, et al.Catalytic fast pyrolysis of wood and alcohol mixtures in a fluided bed reactor.Green Chemistry, 14 (2012), 98-110.).Cheng etc. choose low-carbon alkene as hydrogen source, studying its common catalyse pyrolysis with oxygenatedchemicals (furans, methyl furan) reacts: the Diels-Alder condensation reaction occurs in oxygenatedchemicals and low-carbon alkene on the HZSM-5 molecular sieve, the aromatic product selectivity significantly increases (Yuting Cheng, et al.Production of targeted aromatics by Diels-Alder classes of reactions with furans and olefins over ZSM-5.Green Chemistry, 14 (2012), 3114-3125.).
Visible, the interpolation of hydrogen source material can improve the catalyse pyrolysis efficiency of lignocellulose biomass.Therefore, choose a kind of material of cheap, wide material sources, the alcohol of alternative cost costliness or alkene will be the problems of needing solution badly.
Summary of the invention
The present invention wants the technical solution problem to be: the material of choosing a kind of cheap, wide material sources, the alcohol of alternative cost costliness or alkene, for the conversion of lignocellulose biomass provides hydrogen source, utilize catalysis fast pyrogenation chemical technology, generation has the aromatic hydroxy compound of high added value, and effectively slows down the coking deactivation of molecular sieve.
In order to realize the object of the invention, the invention provides a kind of biomass and plastics and be total to the method that catalyse pyrolysis prepares aromatic hydrocarbons, take biomass and plastics as raw material, the HZSM-5 molecular sieve is catalyzer, nitrogen is as carrier gas, and the catalyse pyrolysis instrument is reactor, through catalysis fast pyrogenation synthetic fluid aromatic hydrocarbons;
Wherein, described plastics are polyethylene, polypropylene or polystyrene;
The silica/alumina of described HZSM-5 molecular sieve is 10～80.
As preferably, described biomass are Mierocrystalline cellulose or pine.Hemicellulose is slightly different from cellulosic chemical structure, belongs to the polymkeric substance of low-carbon (LC) sugar, and pyrolytic reaction is active similar to Mierocrystalline cellulose.
As preferably, described plastics are polyethylene.
Further, the charging mass ratio of biomass and plastics is 1:1～4:1.
As preferably, the silica/alumina of described HZSM-5 molecular sieve is 25.
More preferred, the gallium of described HZSM-5 molecular sieve dipping 2%～8%.
Further, the method that the common catalyse pyrolysis of aforementioned biomass and plastics prepares aromatic hydrocarbons comprises the following steps:
1) biomass are become 20 orders～140 purpose small size particles as pyrolysis feed with plastic crushing, improve hot mass transfer speed;
2) by the small-particle biomass with join in reactor after plastics fully mix in proportion, the flow velocity of carrier gas is 45mL/min, heating rate is 20 ℃/ms, temperature of reaction is 400 ℃～800 ℃, pyrolysis time is 60s, the product generated in pyrolytic process is processed through refrigerated separation, and gaseous product can be used as oil liquefied gas, and the product liquid that the aromatic hydroxy compound of take is the master can be used as gasoline dope or organic synthesis raw material.
As preferably, described temperature of reaction is 650 ℃.
The present invention solves its technical problem and adopts lignocellulose catalysis fast pyrolysis process, and its characteristics are: (1) all chemical reactions carry out in a reactor; (2) use low-cost Si-Al molecular sieve as catalyzer; (3) product be take aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene,toluene,xylene) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) as main.This technology production technique can be utilized the basic equipment of small chemical factory, mainly comprises the high temperature resistant reactor of normal pressure (400 ℃～800 ℃), condensation gathering system, product analysis instrument.
With the catalysis fast pyrogenation of lignocellulose biomass, compare, distinct advantages of the present invention and beneficial effect are as follows:
1, waste or used plastics is total to catalyse pyrolysis as New Hydrogen source material and lignocellulose, can improve the aromatic product yield.
2, the molecular sieve catalyst coking deactivation speed in the reaction of catalysis fast pyrogenation slows down.
3, the gas produced in reaction process, through separating treatment, can be used as oil liquefied gas and uses.
4, production process is clean, can not produce solid waste and secondary pollution.
5, can utilize the conversion unit of small chemical factory to produce continuously.
Visible, the present invention is a kind of new and effective technology that lignocellulose biomass prepares biofuel, has good development prospect.
The accompanying drawing explanation
The comparison that Fig. 1 is actual recovery and Theoretical Calculation yield in the embodiment of the present invention 1, (a) charcoal and aromatics yield; (b) gaseous product.
The impact of the reactant that Fig. 2 is different proportionings in the embodiment of the present invention 2 on the catalysis fast pyrogenation.
Fig. 3 is the impact of gallium dipping modified molecular screen on the catalysis fast pyrogenation in the embodiment of the present invention 3.
Fig. 4 is the impact of temperature of reaction on the catalysis fast pyrogenation in the embodiment of the present invention 4..
Fig. 5 is biomass in the embodiment of the present invention 5 (Mierocrystalline cellulose, pine) and the experimental result of different plastics (polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene) catalysis fast pyrogenation.
Fig. 6 is that biomass of the present invention and plastics are total to the process diagram that catalyse pyrolysis prepares aromatic hydrocarbons.
Embodiment
Following examples are used for the present invention is described, but are not used for limiting the scope of the invention.
Experimental raw: Mierocrystalline cellulose, polyethylene; Mierocrystalline cellulose and poly mass ratio are 2:1
Reaction unit: catalyse pyrolysis instrument (Pyroprobe5200analytical pyrolyzer)
Temperature of reaction: 650 ℃
Reaction pressure: normal pressure.
Heating rate: 20 ℃/ms
Raw material particle size: ﹤ 140mesh
Molecular sieve: HZSM-5(SiO
2/ Al
2o
3=25)
Product analysis: Agilent 7890A gas-chromatography, Agilent 5975C MSD mass spectrograph.
Annotate: the reaction carrier gas is helium; Yield is calculated in mole carbon yield mode of product.
The CFP reaction product yield of table 1 different material relatively
Annotate:
aposition, ortho position and paraxylene between comprising.
bthe isomer that comprises ethylbenzene, ethyl methyl benzene and trimethylbenzene.
ccomprise indenes and hydrogenation indenes.
dcomprise naphthalene, methylnaphthalene and ethyl naphthalene.
As seen from Table 1, cellulosic charcoal yield reaches 31.12%, and Mierocrystalline cellulose and polyethylene be altogether during catalyse pyrolysis, and the charcoal yield is reduced to 14.84%; Simultaneously, yield main aromatic product BTX(benzene,toluene,xylene) is increased to 32.58% by 18.95%.Reaction result shows, the catalyse pyrolysis reaction that plastics can be cellulose biomass provides hydrogen source, promotes aromatic hydroxy compound to generate, and effectively reduces the coking deactivation of molecular sieve.
In order to study Mierocrystalline cellulose and the polyethylene reaction mechanism of catalyse pyrolysis altogether, calculate the two by the mixed product theoretical yield of 2:1 with Mierocrystalline cellulose, poly each product yield, and contrasted with the actual product yield, see Fig. 1.From Fig. 1 (a), find out, actual charcoal yield is lower than the charcoal yield of Theoretical Calculation; In addition, actual aromatics yield is apparently higher than calculated value.So polyethylene is total to catalyse pyrolysis with Mierocrystalline cellulose and reacts the existence synergy, not only can promote the generation of aromatic hydroxy compound, and change the distribution of aromatic product, is beneficial to mononuclear aromatics and optionally improves.Find out from Fig. 1 (b), compare actual CO, CO with the Theoretical Calculation yield
2yield is low.Because cellulosic elementary pyrolysis product carries out diene synthesis with poly pyrolysis product low-carbon alkene, react, the partial oxygen in oxygenatedchemicals removes with the water molecules form.
The impact on the catalysis fast pyrogenation of embodiment 2 Mierocrystalline celluloses and polyethylene proportioning
Experimental raw: Mierocrystalline cellulose (CE), polyethylene (PE); Mierocrystalline cellulose and polyethylene (CE and PE mass ratio are 4:1,2:1,4:1)
Reaction unit: catalyse pyrolysis instrument (Pyroprobe5200analytical pyrolyzer)
Temperature of reaction: 650 ℃
Reaction pressure: normal pressure
Heating rate: 20 ℃/ms
Raw material particle size: ﹤ 140mesh
Molecular sieve: HZSM-5(SiO
2/ Al
2o
3=25), flood 5% gallium.
Product analysis: Agilent 7890A gas-chromatography, Agilent 5975C MSD mass spectrograph.
Annotate: the reaction carrier gas is helium; Yield is calculated in mole carbon yield mode of product.
In order to study polyethylene and the Mierocrystalline cellulose appropriate proportioning of catalyse pyrolysis altogether, adopting polyethylene, Mierocrystalline cellulose and the different proportioning mixtures of the two is reaction raw materials, carries out the catalyzed reaction evaluation, sees Fig. 2.As can be seen from Figure 2, can reduce the charcoal yield poly adding, and improves the yield of aromatic hydroxy compound simultaneously.Polyethylene and Mierocrystalline cellulose have synergy in the reaction of catalysis fast pyrogenation, and the elementary pyrolysis product of the two easily carries out the diene synthesis reaction under the Studies On The Shape-selective Catalysis of molecular sieve, is beneficial to the generation of high added value aromatic product.With polyethylene, the appropriate proportioning in copyrolysis reacts is 2:1 to Mierocrystalline cellulose, and now aromatics yield is in 45% left and right.Ratio is too low, and economic benefit is not obvious; Ratio is too high, and the serious and aromatics yield of molecular sieve carbon deposit reduces.
Experimental raw: Mierocrystalline cellulose and polyethylene (mass ratio is 2:1)
Reaction unit: catalyse pyrolysis instrument (Pyroprobe5200analytical pyrolyzer)
Temperature of reaction: 650 ℃
Reaction pressure: normal pressure
Heating rate: 20 ℃/ms
Raw material particle size: ﹤ 140mesh
Molecular sieve: HZSM-5(SiO
2/ Al
2o
3=25), flood respectively 2%, 5% and 8% gallium.
Product analysis: Agilent 7890A gas-chromatography, Agilent 5975C MSD mass spectrograph.
Annotate: the reaction carrier gas is helium; Yield is calculated in mole carbon yield mode of product.
Yield for aromatic hydrocarbons in improving Mierocrystalline cellulose and polyethylene catalysis copyrolysis reacting, be impregnated into the gallium of different mass on the HZSM-5 molecular sieve, and its catalytic activity studied, and sees Fig. 3.From Fig. 3 (a), find out, the aromatics yield on the gallium modified molecular screen is increased to more than 50%.The gallium be deposited on molecular sieve can improve the diene synthesis speed of reaction, is beneficial to aromatic hydrocarbons and generates.And the part gallium is deposited on the molecular sieve aperture, the shape effect of selecting by BTX, improve its selectivity in aromatic product, sees Fig. 3 (b).
Experimental raw: Mierocrystalline cellulose, polyethylene, Mierocrystalline cellulose and polyethylene; The mass ratio of biomass and plastics is 2:1
Reaction unit: catalyse pyrolysis instrument (Pyroprobe5200analytical pyrolyzer)
Reaction pressure: normal pressure.
Heating rate: 20 ℃/ms
Raw material particle size: ﹤ 140mesh
Molecular sieve: 5%Ga/HZSM-5(SiO
2/ Al
2o
3=25)
Product analysis: Agilent 7890A gas-chromatography, Agilent 5975C MSD mass spectrograph.
Annotate: the reaction carrier gas is helium; Yield is calculated in mole carbon yield mode of product.
The research temperature of reaction affects Mierocrystalline cellulose and poly catalysis fast pyrogenation, and usings the 5%Ga/HZSM-5 molecular sieve as catalyzer, the results are shown in Figure 4.As can be seen from Figure 4, temperature of reaction aromatics yield in the time of 450 ℃ only has 42%, and the yield of charcoal higher (22%).When temperature of reaction is increased to more than 550 ℃, aromatics yield is increased to 50%, and the yield of charcoal drops between 15-20%.The diene synthesis reaction is a thermopositive reaction, and higher temperature of reaction is unfavorable for the generation of aromatic hydrocarbons.
Experimental raw: Mierocrystalline cellulose, pine, plastics (polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene); The mass ratio of biomass and plastics is 2:1
Reaction unit: catalyse pyrolysis instrument (Pyroprobe5200analytical pyrolyzer)
Reaction pressure: normal pressure.
Heating rate: 20 ℃/ms
Raw material particle size: ﹤ 140mesh
Molecular sieve: HZSM-5(SiO2/Al2O3=25)
Product analysis: Agilent 7890A gas-chromatography, Agilent 5975C MSD mass spectrograph.
Annotate: the reaction carrier gas is helium; Yield is calculated in mole carbon yield mode of product.
The impact of research plastics kind on the catalysis fast pyrogenation, the results are shown in Figure 5.As can be seen from Figure 5, when plastics kind is polypropylene, aromatics yield low (37.5%), and gaseous state alkane olefin yields high (34%).With polypropylene, compare, polyethylene is more suitable for carrying out diene synthesis with Mierocrystalline cellulose and reacts.When plastics kind is polystyrene, because its phenyl ring key is difficult for open loop in pyrolytic process, reduce (only having 4.5%) with gaseous hydrocarbons yield in Mierocrystalline cellulose catalyse pyrolysis product, and the yield of charcoal is increased to 23.4%.When biomass material, during by the pine instead of cellulose, in the common catalyse pyrolysis of itself and polyethylene reacts, aromatics yield drops to 39.9% by 47.4%.Pine is real lignocellulose, and the chemical bond of the lignin component contained in structure in the catalyse pyrolysis reaction is difficult to fracture, causes aromatics yield in product to descend to some extent.
Although above the present invention is described in detail with a general description of the specific embodiments, on basis of the present invention, can make some modifications or improvements it, this will be apparent to those skilled in the art.Therefore, these modifications or improvements, all belong to the scope of protection of present invention without departing from theon the basis of the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (8)
- Biomass and plastics altogether catalyse pyrolysis prepare the method for aromatic hydrocarbons, it is characterized in that, take biomass and plastics as raw material, the HZSM-5 molecular sieve is catalyzer, nitrogen is as carrier gas, the catalyse pyrolysis instrument is reactor, through catalysis fast pyrogenation synthetic fluid aromatic hydrocarbons;Wherein, described plastics are polyethylene, polypropylene or polystyrene;The silica/alumina of described HZSM-5 molecular sieve is 10～80.
- 2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described biomass are Mierocrystalline cellulose or pine.
- 3. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described plastics are polyethylene.
- 4. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the charging mass ratio of biomass and plastics is 1:1～4:1.
- 5. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the silica/alumina of described HZSM-5 molecular sieve is 25.
- 6. method according to claim 5, is characterized in that, the gallium of described HZSM-5 molecular sieve dipping 2%～8%.
- 7. according to the described method of claim 1-6 any one, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:1) biomass are become 20 orders～140 purpose small size particles as pyrolysis feed with plastic crushing;2) by the small-particle biomass with join in reactor after plastics fully mix in proportion, the flow velocity of carrier gas is 45mL/min, heating rate is 20 ℃/ms, temperature of reaction is 400 ℃～800 ℃, pyrolysis time is 60s, the product generated in pyrolytic process is processed through refrigerated separation, and gaseous product can be used as oil liquefied gas, and the main component of liquid product is liquid aromatic hydroxy compound.
- 8. method according to claim 7, is characterized in that, temperature of reaction is 650 ℃.
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| CN109604305B (en) * | 2018-12-05 | 2022-02-01 | 湖南科谷环保科技有限公司 | Component compounding pretreatment method for organic solid waste pyrolysis treatment |
| CN109575976A (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2019-04-05 | 广东工业大学 | Epipodium, middle ring, the method for low ring PAHs content in a kind of synchronous reduction biomass pyrolysis oil |
| CN109575977A (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2019-04-05 | 广东工业大学 | A method of PAHs content in bio oil in situ that cutting down catalytic pyrolysis of biomass preparation |
| CN112300824A (en) * | 2020-11-03 | 2021-02-02 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 | Method for directionally preparing aromatic hydrocarbon by co-pyrolysis of biomass and plastic |
| CN112480965A (en) * | 2020-11-20 | 2021-03-12 | 张俊霞 | Device and method for preparing biological hydrogen alkane and active carbon by adopting waste plastics and biomass |
| CN114989843A (en) * | 2022-06-09 | 2022-09-02 | 武汉轻工大学 | Method for co-producing high-quality bio-oil and activated carbon by catalytic pyrolysis of biomass and polyolefin plastic |
| CN116081636A (en) * | 2022-11-16 | 2023-05-09 | 广东工业大学 | Preparation method and application of monocrystalline nano ZSM-5 molecular sieve rich in inter-crystal and intra-crystal mesopores |
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