CN103480967A - Laser scanning selective coloring method on surfaces of aluminum alloy - Google Patents
Laser scanning selective coloring method on surfaces of aluminum alloy Download PDFInfo
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- CN103480967A CN103480967A CN201310428884.6A CN201310428884A CN103480967A CN 103480967 A CN103480967 A CN 103480967A CN 201310428884 A CN201310428884 A CN 201310428884A CN 103480967 A CN103480967 A CN 103480967A
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- painted
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- laser scanning
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- aluminum alloy
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/352—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring for surface treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/60—Preliminary treatment
Abstract
The invention provides a laser scanning selective coloring method on surfaces of aluminum alloy. The method includes: (1), vectoring and filling laser scanning coloring images; (2), degreasing, deoiling and cleaning the surfaces of to-be-colored workpieces; (3), placing the cleaned to-be-colored workpieces in pre-prepared coloring solution; (4), using a laser to output pulse laser beams which are focused on the surfaces of the to-be-colored workpieces for laser path scanning; cleaning the to-be-colored workpieces after scanning to obtain the aluminum alloy workpieces with laser scanning coloring images. The method has the advantages that the pulse laser is used to stimulate the explosion action of high-temperature bubbles, coloring of oxidized or non-oxidized surfaces is achieved, procedures such as polishing and oxidization required by traditional coloring processes are omitted, the method is material saving, low in cost, and low in coloring solution consumption, the coloring solution can be filtered for recycling and can be firmly combined with the surfaces of the workpieces, easy fading can be avoided, and good durability can be achieved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of laser processing, be specifically related to a kind of selective colorize method of laser scanning of aluminum alloy surface.
Background technology
Although aluminium and aluminium alloy energy self-assembling formation a layer thickness in air is about the oxide-film of 0.01～0.02 μ m, this layer of oxide-film is amorphous, thin and porous, inhomogeneous, hardness is not high yet, although certain corrosion resistance is arranged in atmosphere, but in alkalescence and acid solution, easily be corroded, can not be as reliable protection-ornamental rete.Therefore aluminium and aluminium alloy must be selected corresponding process of surface treatment according to different specification requirements and environment for use.
Because the linear expansion coefficient of aluminium and alloy thereof is larger, metal active is higher, and the general methods of oxidation that adopt are processed its surface more.Chemical oxidation treatment is one of technology of aluminum alloy surface oxidation processes, be about to aluminium and aluminium alloy and carry out anodized in certain electrolyte, oxide-film in its Surface Creation porous, porous oxide film is after sealing is processed, can improve significantly the corrosion resistance of aluminium and aluminium alloy, again through painted processing, can obtain the ornamental of different colours and film afterwards.
At present, the dye technology of aluminum alloy surface mainly comprises electrocolor process, chemical coloring process and application colouring etc.Electrocolor process is to carry out electrolytic coloring by through anodised aluminum or aluminum alloy, putting into the saline solution that contains heavy metal.Typical electrocolor process technique comprises: upper hanger → chemical degreasing → cleaning → neutralization → cleaning → polishing → cleaning → anodic oxidation → cleaning → dyeing or electrolytic coloring → cleaning → sealing → machinery light → check.Chemical coloring process is that fuel is attracted in the space of rete and painted.The technique that typical aluminium alloy black comprises: oil removing degreasing → washing → alkaline etching → washing → bright dipping → washing → chemical oxidation → washing → chemically blackening → washing → sealing → washing → drying → finished product.Visible, aluminum alloy surface of the prior art painted generally all has complex procedures, efficiency is low, can only integral colouring (being difficult to selectively painted), and the shortcoming such as coloured material consumption simultaneously is large.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of selective colorize method of laser scanning of aluminum alloy surface is provided; The selective colorize method of the laser scanning of this aluminum alloy surface can be made the shades of colour pattern in aluminum alloy surface, has advantages of that operation is simple, low cost, high efficiency, saving material, good endurance.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
The selective colorize method of a kind of laser scanning of aluminum alloy surface comprises the following steps:
(1) the painted figure of laser scanning is carried out vectorized process and fills and process, the overlap joint that obtains some vector quantizations is filled lines; The painted figure of described laser scanning refers to the corresponding figure of painted areas on Al alloy parts surface; Described vectorized process refers to the painted figure of laser scanning is redeveloped into to the painted figure of vector quantization; Described filling is processed and is referred to when any lines width W of the painted figure of vector quantization is greater than laser beam spot diameter D, and the overlap joint that these lines is transformed to the narrow lines of N bar is filled combination.
(2) degreasing, oil removing and cleaning treatment are carried out in the surface of Al alloy parts to be colored;
(3) Al alloy parts after cleaning is placed in the coloring solution prepared in advance, the distance of the liquid level of coloring solution and Al alloy parts upper surface is 0.5～10mm, and makes the coloring solution Uniform Flow, and flow control is at 1～10mm/s;
(4) adopt laser instrument output pulse laser beam, focus on the Al alloy parts surface, the overlap joint of the vector quantization obtained according to step (1) is filled lines and is carried out laser path scanning;
(5), after having scanned, the cleaning aluminum alloy workpiece, obtain having the Al alloy parts of the painted figure of laser scanning.
Further, described step (5) also comprises afterwards:
(6) the machinery light is carried out in the Al alloy parts surface and process, remove the surperficial residue of the painted figure of laser scanning.
The selective colorize method of the laser scanning of aluminum alloy surface of the present invention is mainly realized based on following principle:, when laser pulse acts on aluminum alloy surface, focal spot effect microcell absorbing laser energy heats up and (reaches 10 with limit velocity
4～10
6℃/s), generating unit fractional melting and high-temperature oxydation at once; Liquid on focal spot effect microcell, also by very fast heating, vaporization, forms numerous tiny high-temperature steam bubbles simultaneously; The relaxation time of these minute bubbles nucleation approximately 10
-8s, the critical radius diameter 10～100nm of firm nucleation, then bubble explosion, burst pressure makes on the one hand part slag and oxide splash and leaves focal spot effect microcell surface, form the micro-rough structure, pigmented fluids acts on focal spot effect microcell surface with the blasting impact waveshape on the other hand, embedding is adsorbed in the gap of micro-rough structure, the pressure of shock wave also plays the pressure seal effect to microstructure, make painted areas no longer there is adsorptivity, and wear-resisting, heatproof, insulating properties are all strengthened.
Therefore, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
The one, operation is simple; Owing to having adopted pulse laser to excite the blast action of high-temperature steam bubble, to oxidized surface and non-oxide surface, all can implement paintedly, saved the multiple working procedures such as the necessary polishing of traditional stains technique, oxidation.
The 2nd, save material, low cost, coloring liquid consumption is few, can reuse through filtering.
The 3rd, can realize that high efficiency is selectively painted, make arbitrarily various floral designs, by repeatedly changing different coloring liquids, can realize the painted of different coloured patterns, do not need the mask of traditional handicraft to hide measure.
The 4th, good endurance, coloring liquid is combined with surface of the work firmly, fugitive color not, good endurance.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that pulsed laser action excites steam ripple explosion schematic diagram;
The surface roughness cross section microscopic appearance photo that Fig. 2 is the laser colouring zone;
Fig. 3 is the painted painted areas of laser selective and the microscopic appearance contrast photo of painted areas not;
Fig. 4 is the microscopic appearance photo of the painted painted areas of laser selective under high-amplification-factor.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention will be further described.
The selective colorize method of a kind of laser scanning of aluminum alloy surface comprises the following steps:
(1) the painted figure of laser scanning is carried out vectorized process and fills and process, the overlap joint that obtains some vector quantizations is filled lines;
The painted figure of described laser scanning refers to the corresponding figure of painted areas on Al alloy parts surface; The laser scanning rendered image, need to be pre-designed before implementing the selective colorize method of laser scanning of the present invention, and it can be arbitrary shape, such as circle, square or arbitrary polygon etc.; Also can not only comprise graph outline, comprise the part of graph outline inside, such as solid circles, filled polygon etc. simultaneously.
Vectorized process refers to: if painted figure is the grids of pixels image of non-vector quantization, grating image is adopted to any one vector quantization image processing method well known in the prior art, analyzed, identify and be redeveloped into the vector graphics object; If being the vector quantization figure, painted figure can omit the vectorized process step.
Fill to process and to refer to: while existing the width W of arbitrary lines to be greater than laser beam spot diameter D in the painted figure of vector quantization, the overlap joint that these lines is transformed to the narrow lines of N bar is filled combination, and these narrow lines are filled lines referred to as overlap joint.
Wherein, N=W/ (D* (1-K)), overlap joint interstitial wire stripe pitch is D* (1-K), and wherein K is overlapping rate, and the general value of K is 10%～50%.
If in the painted figure of vector quantization, the width W of arbitrary lines is less than or equal to laser beam spot diameter D, without filling processing, these lines are overlap joint and fill lines.
(2) degreasing, oil removing and cleaning treatment are carried out in the surface of Al alloy parts to be colored;
(3) Al alloy parts after cleaning is placed in the coloring solution prepared in advance, liquid level apart from workpiece surface 0.5～10mm all can, and make solution in slow, Uniform Flow state, flow control is at 1～10mm/s.
Wherein, coloring solution is the coloring solution used in common electrocolor process, is divided into organic coloring liquid and inorganic coloring liquid two classes.Organic coloring liquid is various in style, and the composition of inorganic coloring liquid is mainly to using the strong acid such as phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, oxalic acid as basic liquid, adds multivalent metal salt, complex compound forming agent and PH buffer.Multivalent metal salt makes the aluminum component surface have shades of colour, can adopt acetate and the sulfate of Sn, Ni, Co, Fe, Cu, Se, Ag, Au, V, Mn etc.The ion that the complex compound forming agent is regulated in electrolyte in electrolysis is dynamic, promotes coloring effect, available boric acid, amines.The PH buffer is regulated the growth of metal ion precipitate.
The present invention is not limited which kind of coloring solution of concrete employing, as long as this coloring solution can make Al alloy parts painted.
(4) adopt laser instrument output pulse laser beam, focus on the Al alloy parts surface, the overlap joint of the vector quantization obtained according to step (1) is filled lines and is carried out laser path scanning.
Wherein, the Laser Scanning Parameters of laser instrument is single pulse energy 1mJ～2J, pulse recurrence frequency 100Hz～100KHz, sweep speed 0.1～5mm/s, concrete Laser Scanning Parameters selected depend primarily on the liquid level of kind, coloring solution of the trade mark, the coloring liquid of aluminium alloy and surface of the work distance, requiring color depth etc.
As shown in Figure 1, when pulse laser beam 1 acts on Al alloy parts 3 surface be placed in coloring solution 2, focal spot effect microcell absorbing laser energy heats up and (reaches 10 with limit velocity
4～10
6℃/s), generating unit fractional melting and high-temperature oxydation at once; Liquid on focal spot effect microcell, also by very fast heating, vaporization, forms numerous tiny high-temperature steam bubbles 4 simultaneously; The relaxation time that these high-temperature vapours steep 4 nucleation approximately 10
-8s, the critical radius diameter 10～100nm of firm nucleation, then bubble explosion, burst pressure makes the splashes 5 such as part slag and oxide leave focal spot effect microcell surface on the one hand, and focal spot effect microcell forms the micro-rough structure; Coloring solution 2 acts on focal spot effect microcell surface with the blasting impact waveshape on the other hand, pigment particles 6 embeds and is adsorbed in the gap of micro-rough structure, the pressure of shock wave also plays the pressure seal effect to microstructure, make painted areas no longer there is adsorptivity, and wear-resisting, heatproof, insulating properties are all strengthened.
The surface roughness cross section in laser colouring zone (being focal spot effect microcell) as shown in Figure 2, after the painted processing of visible laser, surface of the work laser colouring intra-zone is the porous textured finish, its irregular holes becomes the absorption place of colourant molecule, thereby reaches macroscopical visible coloring effect.
(5), after having scanned, cleaning workpiece, obtain having the Al alloy parts of the painted figure of laser scanning.
(6) surface of the work is carried out to the machinery light and process, as polishing, remove the surperficial residue of the painted figure of laser scanning, obtain painted figure attractive in appearance.
Typical embodiment is as follows:
(1) the painted figure of laser scanning is carried out vectorized process and fills and process, the overlap joint that obtains some vector quantizations is filled lines; In the present embodiment, the painted figure of laser scanning is rectangle frame, form 4 wide W=1mm in sideline of rectangle frame after vectorized process, laser beam spot diameter D=0.05mm, K=20%, calculate N=W/ (D* (1-K))=25, every the sideline that is about to rectangle frame all is transformed to the overlap joint filling combination of 25 narrow lines.
(2) degreasing, oil removing and cleaning treatment are carried out in the surface of Al alloy parts;
(3) Al alloy parts after cleaning is placed in the coloring solution prepared in advance; Wherein, the trade mark of Al alloy parts is LY11, and coloring solution is inorganic coloring liquid (main component potassium ferrocyanide, concentration 10-50 grams per liter, blue or light blue), and the distance of coloring liquid identity distance surface of the work is 1mm, and color depth is 0.2mm.
(4) adopt laser instrument output pulse laser beam, focus on surface of the work, the overlap joint of the vector quantization obtained according to step (1) is filled lines and is carried out laser scanning.Wherein, the Laser Scanning Parameters of laser instrument is: wavelength 1064nm, pulse recurrence frequency 10KHz, single pulse energy 50mJ, sweep speed 1mm/s.
(5) after having scanned, cleaning workpiece, obtain the Al alloy parts after painted, (left side is painted areas to the microscopic appearance contrast photo of its painted areas and painted areas not as shown in Figure 3, the right is painted areas not), as shown in Figure 4, there is the fine hole of a lot of adsorption pigment particles in visible surface to the microscopic appearance photo of painted areas under high-amplification-factor.
(6) surface of the work is carried out to grinding process, remove the surperficial residue of the painted figure of laser scanning, obtain painted figure attractive in appearance.
Claims (2)
1. the selective colorize method of the laser scanning of an aluminum alloy surface, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) the painted figure of laser scanning is carried out vectorized process and fills and process, the overlap joint that obtains some vector quantizations is filled lines; The painted figure of described laser scanning refers to the corresponding figure of painted areas on Al alloy parts surface; Described vectorized process refers to the painted figure of laser scanning is redeveloped into to the painted figure of vector quantization; Described filling is processed and is referred to when any lines width W of the painted figure of vector quantization is greater than laser beam spot diameter D, and the overlap joint that these lines is transformed to the narrow lines of N bar is filled combination.
(2) degreasing, oil removing and cleaning treatment are carried out in the surface of Al alloy parts to be colored;
(3) Al alloy parts after cleaning is placed in the coloring solution prepared in advance, the distance of the liquid level of coloring solution and Al alloy parts upper surface is 0.5～10mm, and makes the coloring solution Uniform Flow, and flow control is at 1～10mm/s;
(4) adopt laser instrument output pulse laser beam, focus on the Al alloy parts surface, the overlap joint of the vector quantization obtained according to step (1) is filled lines and is carried out laser path scanning;
(5), after having scanned, the cleaning aluminum alloy workpiece, obtain having the Al alloy parts of the painted figure of laser scanning.
2. the selective colorize method of the laser scanning of aluminum alloy surface according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described step (5) also comprises afterwards:
(6) the machinery light is carried out in the Al alloy parts surface and process, remove the surperficial residue of the painted figure of laser scanning.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109807470A (en) * | 2019-03-01 | 2019-05-28 | 海安南京大学高新技术研究院 | A method of 3D stereo-picture is generated in stainless steel surface using digital control laser |
| CN111331237A (en) * | 2020-02-26 | 2020-06-26 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二五研究所 | Rapid modeling method for electron beam surface based on vectorization control |
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| US20110193929A1 (en) * | 2010-02-11 | 2011-08-11 | Electro Scientific Industries, Inc. | Method and apparatus for reliably laser marking articles |
| CN102828252A (en) * | 2012-05-04 | 2012-12-19 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Method for space selectivity coloring on KC1 (potassium chloride) crystals by using femtosecond laser |
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Patent Citations (5)
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| CN101229742A (en) * | 2007-01-24 | 2008-07-30 | 张世杰 | Method for coloring pattern or character on surface of aluminum alloy material and product thereof |
| CN101368256A (en) * | 2008-10-17 | 2009-02-18 | 北京工业大学 | Method for altering metal surface color with ultra-short pulse laser |
| US20110193929A1 (en) * | 2010-02-11 | 2011-08-11 | Electro Scientific Industries, Inc. | Method and apparatus for reliably laser marking articles |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109807470A (en) * | 2019-03-01 | 2019-05-28 | 海安南京大学高新技术研究院 | A method of 3D stereo-picture is generated in stainless steel surface using digital control laser |
| CN111331237A (en) * | 2020-02-26 | 2020-06-26 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二五研究所 | Rapid modeling method for electron beam surface based on vectorization control |
| CN111331237B (en) * | 2020-02-26 | 2021-07-30 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二五研究所 | Rapid modeling method for electron beam surface based on vectorization control |
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Address after: 325000 Zhejiang, Ouhai, South East Road, No. 38, Wenzhou National University Science Park Incubator Applicant after: Wenzhou University Address before: 325035 Zhejiang province Chashan Wenzhou Higher Education Park of Wenzhou University Applicant before: Wenzhou University |
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Application publication date: 20140101 Assignee: INSTITUTE OF LASER AND OPTOELECTRONICS INTELLIGENT MANUFACTURING, WENZHOU University Assignor: Wenzhou University Contract record no.: X2020330000103 Denomination of invention: A laser scanning selective coloring method for aluminum alloy surface Granted publication date: 20150401 License type: Common License Record date: 20201125 |
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