CN103475719A - Content distribution method for minimizing cross-domain flows in CDN-P2P fusion network - Google Patents
Content distribution method for minimizing cross-domain flows in CDN-P2P fusion network Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a content distribution method for minimizing cross-domain flows in a CDN-P2P fusion network. According to the method, a network scene comprises a CDN replica server, CDN content buffering servers, local tracker servers (Loc-tracker servers) and user nodes. The local tracker servers are established through an ISP. One the basis of topological information, such as link delay, link cost and the number of crossed operators, collected by the Loc-tracker servers, a path and the node with lowest transmission cost are calculated and selected, and the total cost of content distribution is controlled, so that the servers are pushed to select the nodes with low transmission cost on same ISP domains, and the purpose of optimizing node selection is achieved. The Loc-tracker servers are used for managing the nodes in local ISP domains and the CDN content buffering servers. Information exchanging is performed among the Loc-tracker servers in a P2P mode, and therefore an overlay network is formed. Generation of the cross-domain flows can be effectively reduced, operating cost of the network is reduced, waste of bandwidth resources of a backbone network is reduced, and the efficiency of the content distribution is improved.
Description
Technical field
The field of the present invention relates to is communication technical field, is specifically related to the optimal control method that a kind of CDN-P2P merges cross-domain flow rate in content distributing network.
Background technology
CDN (Content Distribution Network) network and P2P (peer-to-peer) network are present most popular content distribution techniques, but both there are many defects, the reliability of CDN is high, but autgmentability is poor, be difficult to fundamentally improve distribution efficiency, and the extended capability of P2P is strong, but poor stability easily causes that backbone network is congested.Therefore CDN and P2P technology are merged, on the one hand can be complementary self defect, CDN or P2P conventional architectures are transformed, one side also can make the extended capability of P2P and reliability, the manageability of CDN mutually make up perfect adaptation.Therefore to merge content distributing network be a contents distribution platform that has manageability, high scalability, high reliability concurrently to CDN-P2P, and he not only combines the two advantage of CDN network and P2P network, and overcome the deficiency of the two.Therefore becoming comparatively feasible content distribution techniques at present, is the focus of content distribution techniques research field in recent years, and the application of this technology also can make the distribution efficiency of content distributing network more step to a new level.
Fig. 1 is existing CDN-P2P network architecture schematic diagram, and this network architecture mainly is comprised of 3 parts, comprising: central server 1, several Edge Servers 2, several P2P user domain 3.Wherein, direct exchange message between central server 1 and several Edge Servers 2, each Edge Server 2 can with contiguous P2P user domain 3 in the direct exchange message of peer node, direct exchange message between the peer node in same user P2P territory 3.Central server 1 has been stored all contents, and is responsible for contents distribution and the management of whole network, and Edge Server 2 is distributed in the edge of network, buffer memory partial content, the user who mainly is responsible in local load balancing and response proximal subscribers P2P territory asks.
In current CDN-P2P UNE, the selection of optimum node is based on random algorithm, and the selection range of node is very wide, without any regionality, and the peer of P2P application selects to be based upon on cascade net, can't consider the situation of utilizing of the resource such as annexation and bandwidth in physical network.Therefore irrational cross-domain flow rate is flooded with whole network, has consumed the huge network bandwidth, and network infrastructure be can't bear the heavy load, and the cross-domain cost of ISP improves constantly.Consume for a large amount of ISP cross-domain flow rate to the ISP network infrastructure, operator has taked the multiple close measures such as blockade port, traffic shaping, bandwidth control, cause that download time is long, user satisfaction is obviously descended the degradation problem, CDN-P2P UNE user has also taked corresponding measure to carry out anti-shutoff, present the opposition state between a kind of user and ISP, had a strong impact on the development of the Internet.
In order better to improve the distribution efficiency that merges content distributing network, the present invention proposes a kind of UNE content distribution method based on the Loc-tracker server, main thought is to reduce the generation of cross-domain flow rate by controlling transmission cost.
Summary of the invention
Be directed to above-mentioned technological deficiency, the invention provides a kind of ISP close friend's CDN-P2P UNE content distribution method, for reducing the generation of the cross-domain flow rate between ISP, alleviate the bandwidth resources waste of backbone network, improve contents distribution efficiency, reduce access delay, reduce operation cost.
In order to achieve the above object, the invention provides the minimized content distribution method of cross-domain flow rate in a kind of CDN-P2P UNE, the method comprises the following steps:
(1) set the network scenarios of the CDN-P2P content distribution method of realizing ISP close friend;
(2) set list structure and the function of Loc-tracker server;
(3) set Optimized model and the choosing method that both candidate nodes is chosen;
(4) set the cooperation mode of CDN content caching server and Loc-tracker server; Wherein,
In step 1, network scenarios comprises CDN replica server, CDN content caching server, the local tracker server of being set up by ISP, i.e. Loc-tracker server and user node;
In step 2, the Loc-tracker server moves, builds and safeguard candidate list in Tracker agency's mode, can safeguard two lists in each Loc-tracker server, be respectively used to safeguard node and other external nodes in this ISP of one's respective area, the Loc-tracker server can carry out by obtaining topology information in the route of border the variation of sensing network topology, the Loc-tracker server can initiatively be collected the local nodal information with ISP, and the information of other external nodes is provided by other Loc-tracker servers;
In step 3, Optimized model need meet the following conditions:
A. be less than across the ISP number maximum that equals to limit in network;
B. but chain-circuit time delay is less than and equals the maximum of waiting time of user in network;
C. jumping figure need be less than or equal to the maximum of procotol defined;
Choosing method is as follows: in certain ISP territory during the meaningful request of data of certain user, this user can send the inquiry request to the Loc-tracker server in this ISP territory, to inquire which user node is its institute's request content data have to provide, after the request of receiving, the Loc-tracker server can be selected the node that meets Optimized model according to request content in two lists, forms candidate list; When these nodes that return can not meet user's content requests, the user can initiate request for the second time to the Loc-tracker server, after the Loc-tracker server receives request for the second time, server can be inquired in other ISP zones and be found node to other Loc-tracker servers; When needs carry out request of data across ISP, user's request meeting sends to Loc-tracker server interrogates the request msg in other ISP territories via the Loc-tracker server in this ISP territory;
In step 4, the CDN content caching server that is positioned at each ISP territory can be used for depositing wave file and can download for other users as special user's node, the same with common user node, the CDN content caching server can send to the information of contained content the Loc-tracker server in same ISP or nearest ISP equally, when the user asks to arrive, the Loc-tracker server is directed to the CDN content caching server according to current network state by the user and carries out content requests, while being congested as the request user to the path status of CDN content caching server, the Loc-tracker server will can not guide the user to carry out content requests to content caching server, will return to some time delays of user shorter, the lower node of transmission total cost, if the request user does not occur congested to the path of CDN content caching server, and transmission total cost and time delay all meet the words of Optimized model, the Loc-tracker server will guide the user to carry out request of data to the CDN content caching server.
Further, described CDN replica server is connected with Tree structure with described CDN content caching server, described Loc-tracker server is to be arranged by the ISP of affiliated area, user and the CDN content caching server in affiliated area in described Loc-tracker server admin, Loc-tracker server in different I SP, with P2P mode swap data, forms a P2P overlay network be comprised of the Loc-tracker server.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 CDN-P2P network architecture schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 ISP close friend's CDN-P2P UNE content distribution method network scenarios figure;
Fig. 3 Loc-tracker server list forms schematic diagram;
Embodiment
For the course of work of the present invention can be described better, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, its specific implementation process is elaborated.
(1) design ISP close friend's CDN-P2P content distribution method scene graph: as shown in Figure 1, mainly comprise CDN replica server, CDN content caching server, local tracker server (referred to as the Loc-tracker server) and the user node set up by ISP in network scenarios.The CDN replica server is connected with Tree structure with the CDN content caching server, and the Loc-tracker server is to be arranged by the ISP of affiliated area, and user and the CDN content caching server in affiliated area in the Loc-tracker server admin.Loc-tracker server in different I SP, with P2P mode swap data, forms a P2P overlay network be comprised of the Loc-tracker server.
(2) set Loc-tracker server list structure and function: the Loc-tracker server moves, builds and safeguard candidate list in Tracker agency's mode.Can safeguard two lists in each Loc-tracker server, first list is for safeguarding the node of this ISP of one's respective area as shown in Figure 2, and second list is for safeguarding other external nodes.The Loc-tracker server can carry out by obtaining topology information in the route of border the variation of sensing network topology.The Loc-tracker server can initiatively be collected the local nodal information with ISP, record between node across information such as ISP number, link cost, chain-circuit time delay and jumping figures, the information of other external nodes is provided by other Loc-tracker servers.Different Loc-tracker servers forms overlay network, and in overlay network, these Loc-tracker servers can regularly carry out exchanges data in the mode of P2P.When having the user to initiate the content-data request, the Loc-tracker server can filter out one group of both candidate nodes and feed back to the user, and these both candidate nodes need meet Optimized model.
(3) Optimized model of devise optimum node selection and choosing method:
Optimized model is as follows:
Suppose that the expense that in network, unit discharge produces across an ISP is A.Node v
0to node v
hthe shortest path experienced during swap data is p=<v
0, v
1...,, v
h, the number across ISP in the p of path is x
p, the flow on the p of path is D
p, jumping figure is h
p, the bandwidth of the minimum on the p of path is b (p).
By node v
0to node v
hon the p of path, the total cost that produces is:
At transmission D
pthe size data block the time required path delay be:
Load/path minimum bandwidth=
When the Loc-tracker server carries out the screening of peer node, three condition restriction conditions need to be arranged, the node be selected must meet three conditions, as follows:
Being less than across the ISP number this value of maximum Mn(that equals to limit in network can be set according to network configuration, for example can limit node span ISP number be less than equal 2);
But chain-circuit time delay is less than the maximum Mt(that equals user in network waiting time and for example can limits chain-circuit time delay and need be less than or equal to 6 seconds);
The maximum Mh(that jumping figure need be less than or equal to the procotol defined for example can limit the jumping figure maximum hop count and be less than or equal to 15 jumpings).
If when a shared file K is divided into N data block, the user need send content requests to N node at most for obtaining whole piecemeals.Comprehensive above-mentioned three conditions when N bar link is taken into account, the minimum cost function of whole contents distribution process can be converted into the solution of an optimization problem, and optimization problem (being Optimized model) is as follows:
Meet the node v of Optimized model in the node of all include file K piecemeals
ij, the both candidate nodes of being selected by the Loc-tracker server exactly.Because most of expense of the required payment of operator in transmitting procedure is being to produce across the ISP territory, the method therefore total cost limited can improve local with the node hit rate in ISP, thereby reduces the generation across the ISP flow.
Optimum node selection method is as follows:
As shown in Figure 3, in certain ISP territory during the meaningful request of data of certain user, at first this user can send the inquiry request to the Loc-tracker server in this ISP territory, to inquire its institute's request content data, has which peer node to provide.After the request of receiving, the Loc-tracker server can be selected according to request content the node v that meets Optimized model in list one, list two
ij, form candidate list.
When these nodes that return can not meet user's content requests (as downloaded the situations such as content is imperfect), the user can initiate request for the second time to the Loc-tracker server, after the Loc-tracker server receives request for the second time, server can relax these three conditions to be found successively.As will be, across the ISP number from being less than or equal to 2, widened and be less than or equal to 3, by that analogy.
When needs carry out request of data across ISP, for example a certain node in ISP1 need to be downloaded content piecemeal in ISP2, the process of choosing of both candidate nodes is: at first this requesting node need send request to the Loc-tracker server (being designated as L1) in this territory, then by L1, to the Loc-tracker server (being designated as L2) of ISP2, sends the inquiry request.L2 can the calculating through Optimized model according to the nodal information in list, filters out respective nodes and form candidate list and return to L1.Finally this candidate list can send to the request user via L1.
(4) the CDN content caching server of setting in and the cooperation mode of Loc-tracker server specifically comprise following content: the CDN content caching server that is positioned at each ISP territory can be counted as a special peer, and this special peer is used for depositing wave file and can downloads for other users.The same with common peer, the CDN content caching server can send to the information of contained content the Loc-tracker server in same ISP or nearest ISP equally, and information recording is in list one.When the user asks to arrive, the Loc-tracker server can be directed to the CDN content caching server by the user according to current network state and carry out content requests.While being congested as the request user to the path status of CDN, the Loc-tracker server will can not guide the user to carry out content requests to content caching server, will return to some time delays of user shorter, the lower node of transmission total cost, if the request user does not occur congested to the path of CDN content caching server, and transmission total cost and time delay all meet Optimized model, and the Loc-tracker server will guide the user to carry out request of data to the CDN content caching server.
The present invention utilizes the designed fusion content distribution method based on the Loc-tracker server to distribute cost by control, strengthens the hit rate of local this ISP interior nodes, with this, reaches the purpose that the generation that reduces cross-domain flow rate improves distribution efficiency.The present invention by optimal model (the optimum node of choosing need meet the path expense of requesting node minimum, be less than and equal that Mn, the path delay of time are less than or equal to Mt second, jumping figure is less than or equal to Mh and jumps across ISP) realize the control to the distribution cost, with this, realize in the purpose that guarantees when user's request is met to improve this ISP interior nodes hit rate, thereby realize reducing the generation across the ISP flow, reduce the waste of operation cost and backbone bandwidth resource, alleviate the pressure of infrastructure, improved the distribution efficiency of CDN-P2P fusion content distributing network.
Above disclosed be only preferred embodiment of the present invention, can not limit interest field of the present invention with this, the equal variation of doing according to the present patent application the scope of the claims, still belong to the scope that the present invention is contained.
Claims (2)
1. the minimized content distribution method of cross-domain flow rate in a CDN-P2P UNE, is characterized in that, the method comprises the following steps:
(1) set the network scenarios of the CDN-P2P content distribution method of realizing ISP close friend;
(2) set list structure and the function of Loc-tracker server;
(3) set Optimized model and the choosing method that both candidate nodes is chosen;
(4) set the cooperation mode of CDN content caching server and Loc-tracker server; Wherein,
In step 1, network scenarios comprises CDN replica server, CDN content caching server, the local tracker server of being set up by ISP, i.e. Loc-tracker server and user node;
In step 2, the Loc-tracker server moves, builds and safeguard candidate list in Tracker agency's mode, can safeguard two lists in each Loc-tracker server, be respectively used to safeguard node and other external nodes in this ISP of one's respective area, the Loc-tracker server can carry out by obtaining topology information in the route of border the variation of sensing network topology, the Loc-tracker server can initiatively be collected the local nodal information with ISP, and the information of other external nodes is provided by other Loc-tracker servers;
In step 3, Optimized model need meet the following conditions:
A. be less than across the ISP number maximum that equals to limit in network;
B. but chain-circuit time delay is less than and equals the maximum of waiting time of user in network;
C. jumping figure need be less than or equal to the maximum of procotol defined;
Choosing method is as follows: in certain ISP territory during the meaningful request of data of certain user, this user can send the inquiry request to the Loc-tracker server in this ISP territory, to inquire which user node is its institute's request content data have to provide, after the request of receiving, the Loc-tracker server can be selected the node that meets Optimized model according to request content in two lists, forms candidate list; When these nodes that return can not meet user's content requests, the user can initiate request for the second time to the Loc-tracker server, after the Loc-tracker server receives request for the second time, server can be inquired in other ISP zones and be found node to other Loc-tracker servers; When needs carry out request of data across ISP, user's request meeting sends to Loc-tracker server interrogates the request msg in other ISP territories via the Loc-tracker server in this ISP territory;
In step 4, the CDN content caching server that is positioned at each ISP territory can be used for depositing wave file and can download for other users as special user's node, the same with common user node, the CDN content caching server can send to the information of contained content the Loc-tracker server in same ISP or nearest ISP equally, when the user asks to arrive, the Loc-tracker server is directed to the CDN content caching server according to current network state by the user and carries out content requests, while being congested as the request user to the path status of CDN content caching server, the Loc-tracker server will can not guide the user to carry out content requests to content caching server, will return to some time delays of user shorter, the lower node of transmission total cost, if it is congested that the request user does not occur to the path of CDN content caching server, and transmit total cost and time delay all meets Optimized model, the Loc-tracker server will guide the user to carry out request of data to the CDN content caching server.
2. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described CDN replica server is connected with Tree structure with described CDN content caching server, described Loc-tracker server is to be arranged by the ISP of affiliated area, user and the CDN content caching server in affiliated area in described Loc-tracker server admin, Loc-tracker server in different I SP, with P2P mode swap data, forms a P2P overlay network be comprised of the Loc-tracker server.
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