CN103471287A - Renewable energy source complementary combined cooling heating and power system - Google Patents

Abstract

Disclosed is a renewable energy source complementary combined cooling heating and power system. A heat storage water tank (2) is provided with a temperature sensor (T0) and is communicated with a constant temperature fermentation device (3) through a solenoid valve (V1); the constant temperature fermentation device (3) is provided with a temperature sensor (T1) and a pressure gage (P1), is communicated with an air compressing device (4) through a valve (V2), and is connected with a circulating water pump (22) which is further connected with a solar heat collector (1); the air compressing device (4) is connected with a purification device (5) which is further connected with a methane storage tank (6) through a valve (V3); the methane storage tank (6) is provided with a temperature sensor (T2) and is connected with a power generation device; air enters the power generation device from an air purification device (7) through an air pump (8), and smoke gas exhausted by the power generation device drives a refrigerating device.

Description

Combined cooling, heating and power generation system with complementary renewable energy

technical field

The patent of the invention relates to the fields of solar energy utilization technology, biomass biogas utilization technology, absorption refrigeration technology, etc., and in particular relates to a combined cooling, heating and power generation system in which multiple renewable energy sources complement each other.

Background technique

Distributed energy system technology can realize cascaded utilization of renewable energy, which has attracted widespread attention from the world's energy circles. However, there are currently few researches and applications on distributed energy systems driven by renewable energy, and most of them are based on renewable energy. Most distributed energy systems use single energy sources such as solar energy, biomass energy or geothermal energy as input. The system is greatly affected by factors such as region, climate, and season, and the reliability and stability of the system are generally poor.

The core of the CCHP system is the thermoelectric conversion device and the heat-cooling conversion device. The thermoelectric conversion devices of combined cooling, heating and power systems that have been put into commercial use in the world include gas (oil) turbine generators (gas turbines), gas (oil) internal combustion generators (internal combustion engines) and gas (oil) external combustion generators ( There are three types of heating machines; heat-cooling conversion devices include absorption refrigerators and adsorption refrigerators; fuel cells are still in the stage of laboratory research. In order to utilize solar energy and biomass energy (biogas) efficiently and at low cost, and enhance the stability and reliability of the system, considering the characteristics that the temperature of solar energy collectors matches the high-efficiency production temperature of biogas, highly integrated solar collectors are required. Heat technology, constant temperature anaerobic fermentation technology, and build a combined cooling, heating and power system that complements solar energy and biomass energy. Therefore, a combined cooling, heating and power system with complementary renewable energy sources is of great significance to the sustainable development of energy and the environment.

Chinese invention patent "biogas power generation system" (application number: 201120196257.0), the Chinese patent relates to a biogas power generation system, which belongs to the technical field of biogas power generation, it solves the low power generation efficiency and easy Defects such as waste of biogas and low utilization rate of heat generated by biogas power generation. China's invention patent "Miniature Combined Cooling, Heating, and Power Supply System Based on Solid Adsorption Refrigerator" (application number: 200310108451.9), this patent realizes waste heat utilization based on high-efficiency adsorption refrigeration technology.

In the present invention, the conversion rate and grade of energy are greatly improved, a large amount of electric energy is generated, and the biogas is comprehensively utilized, which not only saves energy but also protects the environment, and at the same time alleviates the problem of power shortage in summer and increases the reliability of power supply. In a further search, no cogeneration system identical or similar to the subject of the present invention has been found.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a combined cooling, heating and power generation system with complementary renewable energy sources.

The present invention is a renewable energy complementary cooling, heating and power cogeneration system. There is a solar heat collector 1, and the solar heat collector 1 is connected with a hot water storage tank 2. The hot water storage tank 2 is provided with a temperature sensor TO, and The hot water tank 2 communicates with the constant temperature fermentation device 3 through the solenoid valve V1, and the constant temperature fermentation device 3 is provided with a temperature sensor T1 and a pressure gauge P1. The constant temperature fermentation device 3 is connected with the compressor 4 through the valve V2, and the constant temperature fermentation device 3 is connected with The circulating water pump 22 is connected, the circulating water pump 22 is connected with the solar heat collector 1, the gas compressor 4 is connected with the purification device 5, the purification device 5 is connected with the biogas storage tank 6 through the valve V3, and the biogas storage tank 6 is equipped with a temperature sensor T2 , the biogas storage tank 6 is connected to the power generation device, the air enters the power generation device from the air purification device 7 through the air pump 8, the high-temperature flue gas discharged from the power generation device drives the refrigeration device, and the low-temperature flue gas discharged from the refrigeration device drives the secondary waste heat recovery device 21, The remaining exhaust gas is discharged through the exhaust gas heat exchanger 22 .

In the present invention, the mixed combustibles of fermented biogas at normal temperature and air preheated by solar energy jointly promote the micro gas turbine to generate electricity, which meets the user's demand for electric energy, and because the present invention uses solar energy as the heat source and biogas as the working medium, industrial waste heat can be recovered effectively And utilize low-temperature thermal energy such as solar energy, its energy utilization efficiency is high. Compared with the background technology, the present invention has the beneficial effects that: the energy conversion rate and grade of the cogeneration system based on renewable energy are greatly improved, a large amount of electric energy and heat energy are generated, and the biogas is obtained Comprehensive utilization not only saves energy but also protects the environment, and at the same time alleviates the power shortage problem in summer and increases the reliability of power supply. High energy utilization rate, low cost, good economy and good environmental protection. According to calculations, for a distributed energy system that combines a micro gas turbine with a rated power of 30kW and a lithium bromide absorption cooling and warming water machine, in the cooling mode, it can simultaneously provide users with an electrical load of 30.80kW, a cooling load of 30.96kW and a living The hot water load is 19.31kW; in the heating mode, the system can simultaneously provide users with an electrical load of 30.80kW, a heat load and a domestic hot water load of 50.27kW; The comprehensive efficiency of thermoelectricity in autumn reaches 64%, and the comprehensive energy utilization rate of the whole system throughout the year reaches 64%.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the system of the present invention.

Detailed ways

As shown in Figure 1, the renewable energy complementary cooling, heating and power cogeneration system has a solar collector 1, and the solar collector 1 is connected with the hot water storage tank 2, and the hot water storage tank 2 is equipped with a temperature sensor TO, the hot water storage tank 2 is connected with the constant temperature fermentation device 3 through the solenoid valve V1, and the constant temperature fermentation device 3 is equipped with a temperature sensor T1 and a pressure gauge P1, and the constant temperature fermentation device 3 is connected with the compressor device 4 through the valve V2, and the constant temperature fermentation The device 3 is connected with the circulating water pump 22, the circulating water pump 22 is connected with the solar heat collector 1, the gas compressor 4 is connected with the purification device 5, and the purification device 5 is connected with the biogas storage tank 6 through the valve V3, and the biogas storage tank 6 is provided with The temperature sensor T2 and the biogas storage tank 6 are connected to the power generation device. The air enters the power generation device from the air purification device 7 through the air pump 8. The high-temperature flue gas discharged from the power generation device drives the refrigeration device, and the low-temperature flue gas discharged from the refrigeration device drives the secondary waste heat recovery. device 21, and the remaining waste gas is discharged through the waste gas heat exchanger 22.

The solar collector box 1 is a flat plate type, or a vacuum tube type, or a parabolic trough type, or a dish type. Or heat pipe collectors. The constant temperature fermentation device 3 is a constant temperature anaerobic fermenter. The purification device 5 is a stirring type, or an intermittent stirring type, or a static type. The power generation device is a micro gas turbine for power generation, and the power generation device is composed of a compressor 9, a regenerator 10, a combustion chamber 11 and a turbine 12 connected together. Described refrigerating device is lithium bromide absorption refrigerator, comprises high pressure generator 13, low pressure generator 14, condenser 15, throttle valve 16, evaporator 17, absorber 18, high temperature solution heat exchanger 20 and low temperature solution heat exchanger Switch 19 is connected. The secondary waste heat recovery device is a shell-and-tube waste heat boiler or a flue-type waste heat boiler. The constant temperature fermentation device 3 is provided with a material inlet and a material outlet.

The cogeneration system of the described renewable energy complementary cooling, heating and power, its working principle is as follows: obtain the warm water of solar energy from the flat solar collector box 1 and flow into the hot water storage tank 2, when the temperature sensor T0 shows the water temperature of the hot storage tank When it reaches 60°C, adjust the water flow through the solenoid valve V1 to realize the constant temperature (52°C) fermentation device to produce gas at constant temperature. The temperature sensor T1 and pressure gauge P1 measure the temperature and pressure. When the set temperature and pressure are reached, the valve V2 Open, the biogas enters the compressor 4. When the biogas reaches the pressure value, turn on the gas compressor 5, then enter the purification device 6, and then enter the power generation device together with the air from the air purification device 7 through the air pump 8, and the high-temperature flue gas discharged from the micro gas turbine drives the lithium bromide absorption refrigeration machine work. In the micro gas turbine, the compressor 9, combustion chamber 11 and turbine 12 are connected together through a coupling. The gas compressed by the compressor 9 first enters the regenerator 10 to be heated, then enters the combustion chamber 11 for combustion, and then enters the turbine. 12 works to provide heat load to the outside, and finally enters the regenerator again to discharge high-temperature flue gas. The high-temperature flue gas enters the heat exchanger and becomes a high-pressure generator 13, which drives a lithium bromide absorption refrigerator. The dilute solution is heated by the high-temperature flue gas as a driving heat source in the high-pressure generator 13 to generate refrigerant water vapor, which is in a high-temperature state Enter the low-pressure generator 14, heat the solution again, and generate refrigerant vapor, and the refrigerant vapor generated by the high-pressure generator 13 heats the solution in the low-pressure generator 14, releases latent heat, and forms refrigerant water, which is generated in the low-pressure generator The refrigerant steam enters the condenser 15 together, and is cooled by the cooling fluid to condense into refrigerant water. The refrigerant water enters the evaporator 17 after being throttled by the throttle valve 16, is transported by the evaporator pump, and is evenly sprayed on the evaporator. On the tube cluster, absorb the heat of the water in the tube, evaporate under the evaporation pressure, produce low-temperature refrigerant water, and send out the cooling capacity to achieve the purpose of refrigeration. The refrigerant vapor generated by evaporation enters the absorber 18 to complete the refrigerant circuit of the double-effect refrigeration cycle On the other hand, the concentrated solution flowing out of the low-pressure generator 14 is cooled by the low-temperature heat exchanger 19 and enters the absorber 18. It is mixed with the dilute solution in the absorber 18 to form a solution of intermediate concentration, which is transported by the solution pump and sprayed on the tube. On the cluster, the heat generated during the absorption process is taken away by the cooling fluid in the tube, and the intermediate solution absorbs the refrigerant vapor from the evaporator 17, thereby maintaining a low evaporation pressure in the evaporator, ensuring that the refrigeration process continues, and the concentration after absorbing the refrigerant vapor The reduced dilute solution is sent out by generator pump P1, and the cycle starts again. The high-temperature flue gas is discharged from the high-pressure generator to become low-temperature flue gas, which drives the waste heat boiler 21 to produce domestic hot water. The remaining exhaust gas is discharged through the exhaust gas heat exchanger 22 .

The renewable energy complementary cooling, heating and power cogeneration system can be divided into four parts: a solar-heated biogas production system, a biogas compression and purification system, a micro gas turbine power generation system, and a waste heat utilization system.

Biogas production system heated by solar energy: the warm water obtained from the solar energy from the flat solar collector box 1 flows into the hot water storage tank 2, and when the temperature sensor T0 shows that the water temperature in the hot water storage tank reaches 60°C, the water flow is adjusted through the solenoid valve V1 Realize the constant temperature (52°C) fermentation device to produce gas by constant temperature fermentation. The temperature sensor T1 and the pressure gauge P1 measure the temperature and pressure. When the set temperature and pressure are reached, the valve V2 opens, and the biogas enters the gas compressor 4.

Biogas compression and purification system: When the biogas reaches the pressure value, turn on the gas compressor 5, then enter the purification device 6, and then enter the power generation device together with the air from the air purification device 7 through the air pump 8, and there will be high-temperature smoke discharged from the micro gas turbine Gas-driven lithium bromide absorption refrigerator works.

Micro gas turbine power generation system: the compressor 9, the combustion chamber 11 and the turbine 12 in the micro gas turbine are connected together through a coupling, and the mixed gas compressed by the compressor 9 first enters the regenerator 10 to be heated and then enters the combustion chamber 11 for combustion , and then enter the turbine 12 to do work to provide heat load to the outside, and finally enter the regenerator again to discharge high-temperature flue gas.

Waste heat utilization system: high-temperature flue gas enters the heat exchanger to become a high-pressure generator 13, which drives a lithium bromide absorption refrigerator. The dilute solution is heated by the high-temperature flue gas as a driving heat source in the high-pressure generator 13 to generate refrigerant water vapor, which is at high temperature The water vapor in the low-pressure state enters the low-pressure generator 14 to heat the solution again to generate refrigerant vapor. The refrigerant vapor generated by the high-pressure generator 13 heats the solution in the low-pressure generator 14, releases latent heat, and forms refrigerant water. The refrigerant steam generated in the generator enters the condenser 15 together, and is cooled by the cooling fluid to condense into refrigerant water. The refrigerant water enters the evaporator 17 after being throttled by the throttle valve 16, and is transported by the evaporator pump to spray evenly. Sprinkle on the evaporator tube cluster, absorb the heat of the water in the tube, evaporate under the evaporation pressure, produce low-temperature refrigerant water, send out the cooling capacity, and achieve the purpose of refrigeration. The refrigerant vapor generated by evaporation enters the absorber 18 to complete the double-effect refrigeration cycle On the other hand, the concentrated solution flowing out of the low-pressure generator 14 enters the absorber 18 after being cooled by the low-temperature heat exchanger 19, mixes with the dilute solution in the absorber 18 to form a solution of intermediate concentration, and is transported by the solution pump. Spray on the tube clusters, the heat generated during the absorption process is taken away by the cooling fluid in the tubes, and the intermediate solution absorbs the refrigerant vapor from the evaporator 17, thereby maintaining a low evaporation pressure in the evaporator, ensuring continuous refrigeration process, and absorbing cold The dilute solution with reduced concentration after the agent vapor is sent out by the generator pump P1, and the cycle starts again. The high-temperature flue gas is discharged from the high-pressure generator to become low-temperature flue gas, which drives the waste heat boiler 21 to produce domestic hot water. The remaining exhaust gas is discharged through the exhaust gas heat exchanger 22 .

The present invention first generates biogas through a biogas production device heated by solar energy, then passes through a compression device and a purification device to generate high-purity methane gas, which enters a micro gas turbine together with preheated air to generate electricity, and provides electric energy to users. The high-temperature flue gas discharged from the micro gas turbine drives the lithium bromide double-effect refrigeration unit, and then the low-temperature flue gas discharged drives the waste heat boiler to provide users with cold and heat. When there is no need for cooling or heating in summer or winter, through the regulating valve V6, the high-temperature flue gas directly enters the waste heat boiler to make domestic hot water, so that the combined cooling, heating and power system based on renewable energy has a stable temperature throughout the year. Energy supply for cold, heat and electricity.

Claims (7)

1. The combined cooling, heating and power generation system with complementary renewable energy has a solar heat collector (1), which is characterized in that the solar heat collector (1) is connected to the hot water storage tank (2), and the hot water storage tank ( 2) There is a temperature sensor (TO), and the hot water storage tank (2) is connected to the constant temperature fermentation device (3) through the solenoid valve (V1). The constant temperature fermentation device (3) is equipped with a temperature sensor (T1), pressure Table (P1), the constant temperature fermentation device (3) is connected with the compressor (4) through the valve (V2), the constant temperature fermentation device (3) is connected with the circulating water pump (22), and the circulating water pump (22) is connected with the solar collector ( 1) is connected, the gas compressor (4) is connected with the purification device (5), the purification device (5) is connected with the biogas storage tank (6) through the valve (V3), and the biogas storage tank (6) is equipped with a temperature sensor ( T2), the biogas storage tank (6) is connected to the power generation device, the air enters the power generation device from the air purification device (7) through the air pump (8), the high-temperature flue gas discharged from the power generation device drives the refrigeration device, and the refrigeration device discharges low-temperature flue gas Drive the secondary waste heat recovery device (21), and the remaining exhaust gas is discharged through the exhaust gas heat exchanger (22). 2. The renewable energy complementary cooling, heating and power cogeneration system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the solar collector box (1) is a flat plate type, or a vacuum tube type, or a parabolic trough type, Or dish type, or heat pipe collector. 3. The renewable energy complementary cogeneration system of cooling, heating and power according to claim 1, characterized in that: the constant temperature fermentation device (3) is a constant temperature anaerobic fermenter. 4. The renewable energy complementary combined cooling, heating and power system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the purification device (5) is a stirring type, or an intermittent stirring type, or a static type. 5. The renewable energy complementary combined cooling, heating and power system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the power generating device is a micro gas turbine generator. 6. The combined cooling, heating and power generation system complementary to renewable energy according to claim 1, characterized in that: the refrigeration unit is a lithium bromide absorption refrigerator. 7. The renewable energy complementary cooling, heating and power cogeneration system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the secondary waste heat recovery and utilization device is a shell-and-tube waste heat boiler or a flue-type waste heat boiler.

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